CN103016611A - Damping device for magnetocardiograph and damping method - Google Patents
Damping device for magnetocardiograph and damping method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于心磁图仪的减震装置及减震方法，所述的减震装置由两个同心圆环板材与若干个弹簧阻尼器构成，其中若干个弹簧阻尼减震器均匀分布在两片同心圆环板材之间，构筑成三明治结构。使用所述的减震装置的方法特征是减震橡胶为天然橡胶NR、顺丁橡胶BR或丁苯橡胶SRR。利用本发明提供的减震装置及方法可有效地衰弱振动传递且不额外引入噪声干扰，达到振动隔离的效果，从而衰弱耦合进人梯度计的振动噪声，提高了心磁信号信噪比，增强了心磁图仪的系统稳定性和可靠性，为心磁图仪的推广普及提供了良好的技术保障。
The invention provides a shock absorbing device and a shock absorbing method for magnetocardiographs. The shock absorbing device is composed of two concentric ring plates and several spring dampers, wherein the several spring damping shock absorbers are evenly distributed. Distributed between two concentric ring plates to form a sandwich structure. The method of using the shock absorbing device is characterized in that the shock absorbing rubber is natural rubber NR, butadiene rubber BR or styrene-butadiene rubber SRR. The damping device and method provided by the present invention can effectively weaken the vibration transmission without introducing additional noise interference, so as to achieve the effect of vibration isolation, thereby weakening the vibration noise coupled into the gradiometer, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the cardiomagnetic signal, and enhancing This ensures the system stability and reliability of the magnetocardiograph, and provides a good technical guarantee for the popularization of the magnetocardiograph.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种用于心磁图仪的减震装置及减震方法，属于心磁图仪领域。The invention relates to a shock absorbing device and a shock absorbing method for magnetocardiographs, belonging to the field of magnetocardiographs.
背景技术Background technique
心磁图仪（Magnetocardiograph，MCG）是一种无创，无接触，高特异性的新型心脏诊疗仪器。研究表明，心磁图仪对一些心脏疾病，如冠心病的早期诊断和预防具有很好的应用前景【R.Fenici et al,Clinical application ofmagnetocardiography,Expert Rev.Mol.Diagn.5(3),29 1(2005)】。Magnetocardiograph (MCG) is a new type of non-invasive, non-contact and highly specific cardiac diagnosis and treatment instrument. Studies have shown that magnetocardiography has good application prospects for some heart diseases, such as early diagnosis and prevention of coronary heart disease [R.Fenici et al, Clinical application of magnetocardiography, Expert Rev.Mol.Diagn.5 (3), 29 1 (2005)].
心磁图仪的有效应用及顺利推广离不开高质量的心磁信号探测，而成人心磁的典型强度为100pT，地球磁场约50μT，环境磁场波动也可达μT量级，从强大的背景磁场中提取极为微弱的心磁信号取决于两个方面：1）高灵敏度的磁传感器，用于探测微弱心磁信号；2）先进的噪声抑制技术，抑制环境磁场干扰。目前，心磁图领域中应用最为成熟的磁传感器为低温超导量子干涉器件（LTc SQUID），典型的磁场灵敏度为3~5fT/√Hz【R.L. Fagaly et al,Superconducting quantum interference device instruments and applications,Rev.Sci.Inst.77,101101(2006)】。为了得到高信噪比的心磁信号，心磁图仪的另一巨大挑战是对强大的环境磁场的抑制。The effective application and smooth promotion of magnetocardiographs are inseparable from the detection of high-quality magnetic signals. The typical strength of the adult human heart is 100pT, the earth's magnetic field is about 50μT, and the fluctuation of the environmental magnetic field can also reach the order of μT. From a strong background The extraction of extremely weak cardiomagnetic signals from the magnetic field depends on two aspects: 1) High-sensitivity magnetic sensors for detecting weak cardiomagnetic signals; 2) Advanced noise suppression technology to suppress environmental magnetic field interference. At present, the most mature magnetic sensor in the field of magnetocardiography is the low-temperature superconducting quantum interference device (LTc SQUID), with a typical magnetic field sensitivity of 3~5fT/√Hz [R.L. Fagaly et al, Superconducting quantum interference device instruments and applications, Rev. Sci. Inst. 77, 101101 (2006)]. In order to obtain magnetic signals with high signal-to-noise ratio, another great challenge for magnetocardiographs is the suppression of strong environmental magnetic fields.
据报道，心磁图仪中常用的噪声抑制方法有磁屏蔽室、梯度计技术以及先进的信号处理方法。但是由于梯度计支撑材料加工的不完美以及人工绕制误差等因素影响，梯度计存在一定的不平衡度【Zhang shu-lin,ARoom-Temperature Pre-calibrating Procedure for SQUID Gradiometers Sifting,Chinese Physics Letters 28 038501(2011)】，尤其是在无屏蔽的闹市区的实验室环境中，使得梯度计对环境场中均匀以及梯度分量均有响应，而构筑三轴参考模块进行后续信号处理时，主要是对环境场均匀分量的抑制，因此当环境场中存在较大的梯度分量时，所采集到的心磁信号的信噪比将下降，极大的限制了心磁图仪的推广和应用。According to reports, commonly used noise suppression methods in magnetocardiographs include magnetically shielded rooms, gradiometer techniques, and advanced signal processing methods. However, due to the imperfect processing of the gradiometer support material and the influence of manual winding errors and other factors, the gradiometer has a certain degree of imbalance [Zhang shu-lin, ARoom-Temperature Pre-calibrating Procedure for SQUID Gradiometers Sifting, Chinese Physics Letters 28 038501 (2011)], especially in the unshielded downtown laboratory environment, the gradiometer responds to both the uniform and gradient components in the environmental field, and when building a three-axis reference module for subsequent signal processing, it is mainly for the environment The suppression of the uniform component of the field, so when there is a large gradient component in the environmental field, the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected magnetic signal will decrease, which greatly limits the promotion and application of the magnetocardiograph.
机械振动永恒存在于世间万物之中。一般，心磁图仪的机械传动装置主要由无磁床及无磁支架构成，支架用于悬挂杜瓦，核心的磁传感器及梯度计通过机械连接放置于杜瓦之中，梯度计的下端固定在杜瓦底部的小槽内。建筑物地面的微弱低频振动经支架传递至杜瓦，带动杜瓦内梯度计一并进行微弱振动，梯度计振动时与环境磁场相对运动，切割磁力线，从而引入低频（一般几十Hz）的磁梯度噪声，而心磁信号的主要能量集中在0.1Hz~100Hz，因此，该振动噪声与心磁信号频段发生交叠，无法有效的利用信号处理技术进行滤除，从而极大的影响了探测心磁信号的信噪比。Mechanical vibration is eternally present in all things in the world. Generally, the mechanical transmission device of a magnetocardiograph is mainly composed of a non-magnetic bed and a non-magnetic bracket. The bracket is used to suspend the Dewar. The core magnetic sensor and gradiometer are placed in the Dewar through mechanical connections, and the lower end of the gradiometer is fixed. In the small groove at the bottom of the Dewar. The weak low-frequency vibration on the ground of the building is transmitted to the Dewar through the bracket, which drives the gradiometer in the Dewar to vibrate weakly together. When the gradiometer vibrates, it moves relative to the ambient magnetic field and cuts the magnetic field line, thereby introducing low-frequency (generally tens of Hz) magnetic field. Gradient noise, while the main energy of the cardiomagnetic signal is concentrated at 0.1Hz~100Hz. Therefore, the vibration noise overlaps with the frequency band of the cardiomagnetic signal, and cannot be effectively filtered out by signal processing technology, which greatly affects the detection of cardiomagnetic signals. The signal-to-noise ratio of the magnetic signal.
要得到高信噪比的心磁信号，需要尽可能减小地面传导至杜瓦的振动强度，同时，由于心磁图仪是磁敏感设备，因此一个无磁、金属含量少、简单易用的减震装置是心磁图仪的重要组成部分。In order to obtain the magnetic signal with high signal-to-noise ratio, it is necessary to reduce the vibration intensity transmitted from the ground to Dewar as much as possible. The shock absorber is an important part of the magnetocardiograph.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于心磁图仪的减震装置及减震方法，利用所述的减震装置，可以有效衰弱地面传递至杜瓦的振动，实现心磁信号的高质量探测。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shock absorbing device and a shock absorbing method for a magnetocardiograph. Using the shock absorbing device, the vibration transmitted from the ground to the Dewar can be effectively weakened, so as to realize high-quality detection of the magnetic signal .
本发明采用弹簧阻尼减震原理，组成结构包括2片支撑用同心圆环板材、若干个弹簧减震阻尼器（或称弹簧阻尼减震装置），两片同心圆环板材与若干个弹簧减震阻尼器组成三明治结构（附图3）——弹簧阻尼器均匀分布在两片同心圆环板材之间，构筑成减震装置承托杜瓦，隔离杜瓦与无磁支架之间的直接接触，从而衰弱地面经支架传递至杜瓦乃至梯度计的振动。所述的弹簧阻尼器至少为3个。The present invention adopts the principle of spring damping and shock absorption, and the composition structure includes two supporting concentric ring plates, several spring damping dampers (or called spring damping and shock absorbing devices), two concentric ring plates and several spring shock absorbing The damper constitutes a sandwich structure (attachment 3)—the spring damper is evenly distributed between two concentric ring plates to form a shock absorbing device supporting the Dewar, isolating the direct contact between the Dewar and the non-magnetic support, Therefore, the vibration transmitted from the ground to the Dewar and even the gradiometer through the support is weakened. There are at least three spring dampers.
本发明的具体设计思路及方案如下：Concrete design train of thought and the scheme of the present invention are as follows:
1、弹簧阻尼减震原理：1. The principle of spring damping and shock absorption:
弹簧阻尼减震系统（附图1）的固有频率f0由弹簧弹性系数以及重物质量共同决定，即外界振动的干扰振动频率为f，经减震装置传递至重物，振动传递率TR的定义为重物振动加速度与外力振动加速度之比，是f/f0的函数。当外界振动环境固定，振动传递率TR越小，说明减震系统隔振效果越佳，传递至重物的振动越微弱。振动传递率图解见图2，其中η为阻尼比。从图解可以看出，在一定的阻尼比下，如果外界振动情况一定（振动外力频率f及幅度固定），弹簧系统固有频率f0越低，即f/f0越大，减震效果越佳。同时，在其他条件一定下，阻尼比越大，系统减震效果越差，但是系统恢复平稳状态的时间越短，因此，减震系统的阻尼比参数需要从减震效果以及系统稳定性两方面折中考虑。The natural frequency f 0 of the spring-damping shock-absorbing system (Fig. 1) is jointly determined by the elastic coefficient of the spring and the mass of the weight, that is, The interference vibration frequency of external vibration is f, which is transmitted to the weight through the shock absorber. The vibration transmission rate TR is defined as the ratio of the vibration acceleration of the weight to the vibration acceleration of the external force, which is a function of f/f 0 . When the external vibration environment is fixed, the smaller the vibration transmission rate TR, the better the vibration isolation effect of the shock absorption system, and the weaker the vibration transmitted to the heavy object. The vibration transmissibility diagram is shown in Fig. 2, where η is the damping ratio. It can be seen from the diagram that under a certain damping ratio, if the external vibration is constant (the vibration external force frequency f and amplitude are fixed), the lower the natural frequency f 0 of the spring system, that is, the larger the f/f 0 , the better the shock absorption effect . At the same time, under certain other conditions, the larger the damping ratio, the worse the damping effect of the system, but the shorter the time for the system to return to a stable state. compromise.
2、心磁图仪减震装置：2. Magnetocardiograph shock absorber:
从心磁图仪的磁敏感特性出发，减震装置的材料选取原则为：无磁且金属材料尽可能少，同时，减震装置用于支撑杜瓦，因此材料需要牢固可靠。两片支撑用同心圆环板材选料为尼龙（聚酰胺）材料，具有机械强度高，韧性好，有较高的抗拉、抗压强度及抗疲劳性能突出等优点，所述的弹簧阻尼器主要由铜质弹簧或铜质弹簧和减震橡胶（可选天然橡胶（NR）、顺丁橡胶（BR）、丁苯橡胶（SBR）等）构成，具有无磁、抗疲劳性高、金属材质少等优点。减震装置的结构示意图如图3所示铜质弹簧用于设定系统固有频率，衰弱地面传递至杜瓦的振动强度，减震橡胶用于适当增加阻尼系数，可以使系统更加稳定，即系统恢复平稳时间缩短。Starting from the magnetic sensitivity characteristics of the magnetocardiograph, the material selection principle of the shock absorber is: non-magnetic and with as little metal material as possible. At the same time, the shock absorber is used to support the Dewar, so the material needs to be firm and reliable. The two supporting concentric ring plates are made of nylon (polyamide), which has the advantages of high mechanical strength, good toughness, high tensile and compressive strength, and outstanding fatigue resistance. The spring damper described above It is mainly composed of copper spring or copper spring and shock-absorbing rubber (optional natural rubber (NR), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), etc.), with non-magnetic, high fatigue resistance, metal material Less advantages. The structural diagram of the damping device is shown in Figure 3. The copper spring is used to set the natural frequency of the system and weaken the vibration intensity transmitted from the ground to the Dewar. The damping rubber is used to appropriately increase the damping coefficient, which can make the system more stable, that is, the system Restoration time reduced.
从以上弹簧阻尼的减震原理，可以得出心磁系统减震装置的设计及优化思路如下：1）设计固有频率尽可能低的减震装置—可以通过增加杜瓦质量或者适当降低铜质弹簧弹性系数（或适当减少弹簧阻尼器的个数）达到目的，但是弹性系数不宜过小，否者减震装置无承重；2）通过选用不同种类的橡胶（也可不用），适当增加减震装置的阻尼系数（或阻尼比），在满足减震要求（或满足一定振动传递率TR值的情况下，如TR=0.1，隔振效率为90%）的前提下使减震装置更加稳定，即恢复平稳时间尽量缩短。弹簧阻尼减震装置用于心磁图仪的整机效果图见图4。From the above damping principle of spring damping, it can be concluded that the design and optimization ideas of the magnetic shock absorbing device are as follows: 1) Design the shock absorbing device with the lowest natural frequency as possible—by increasing the Dewar mass or appropriately reducing the copper spring The elastic coefficient (or appropriately reduce the number of spring dampers) can achieve the purpose, but the elastic coefficient should not be too small, otherwise the shock absorbing device will not bear the load; 2) By choosing different types of rubber (or not), appropriately increase the shock absorbing device The damping coefficient (or damping ratio) can make the damping device more stable under the premise of meeting the damping requirements (or meeting a certain vibration transmission rate TR value, such as TR=0.1, and the vibration isolation efficiency is 90%), that is The recovery time should be shortened as much as possible. The effect diagram of the whole machine using the spring damping and shock absorbing device in the magnetocardiograph is shown in Figure 4.
总之，本发明公开了一种用于无屏蔽心磁图仪的减震装置，并以当前4通道无屏蔽心磁图仪为实例进行实施和设计。本发明的设计思想非限于无屏蔽心磁图仪的机械振动隔离，可用于其他多通道无屏蔽或有屏蔽的心磁图仪，具体的减震装置设计原则（减震装置固有频率等）及设计构型（杜瓦形状、尺寸等）需以实际情况为准。本装置主要包括以下几个方面：1）弹簧阻尼减震原理，从振动传递率及实际应用的角度来指导心磁图仪减震装置设计思路—适当降低减震系统固有频率，适当增加弹簧阻尼器的阻尼系数；2）两片尼龙材质同心圆环与若干个（至少为三个）弹簧阻尼减震装置组成三明治结构，隔离杜瓦与支架之间的直接接触，其特征是稳固、抗压、抗疲劳能力强、无磁且金属含量少，能有效地衰弱振动传递且不额外引入噪声干扰，达到振动隔离的效果，从而衰弱耦合进人梯度计的振动噪声，提高了心磁信号信噪比，增强了心磁图仪的系统稳定性和可靠性，为心磁图仪的推广普及提供了良好的技术保障。In conclusion, the present invention discloses a shock absorbing device for an unshielded magnetocardiograph, and takes the current 4-channel unshielded magnetocardiograph as an example for implementation and design. The design idea of the present invention is not limited to the mechanical vibration isolation of the unshielded magnetocardiograph, and can be used for other multi-channel unshielded or shielded magnetocardiographs, the specific design principles of the shock absorber (natural frequency of the shock absorber, etc.) and The design configuration (Dewar shape, size, etc.) shall be subject to the actual situation. This device mainly includes the following aspects: 1) The principle of spring damping and shock absorption, from the perspective of vibration transmission rate and practical application to guide the design of magnetocardiograph shock absorption device - properly reduce the natural frequency of the shock absorption system, and appropriately increase spring damping 2) Two pieces of nylon concentric rings and several (at least three) spring damping and shock absorbing devices form a sandwich structure, which isolates the direct contact between the Dewar and the support, and is characterized by firmness and compression resistance , Strong anti-fatigue ability, non-magnetic and low metal content, can effectively weaken the vibration transmission without introducing additional noise interference, and achieve the effect of vibration isolation, thereby weakening the vibration noise coupled into the gradiometer and improving the signal-to-noise of the magnetic signal The system stability and reliability of the magnetocardiograph are enhanced, and a good technical guarantee is provided for the popularization of the magnetocardiograph.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为弹簧阻尼减震原理示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of spring damping shock absorption.
图2为弹簧阻尼减震装置振动传递率图解；Fig. 2 is a diagram of the vibration transmission rate of the spring damping shock absorber;
曲线1：η=0.05；Curve 1: η=0.05;
曲线2：η=0.1；Curve 2: η=0.1;
曲线3：η=0.2；Curve 3: η=0.2;
曲线4：η=0.5；Curve 4: η=0.5;
曲线5：η=1；Curve 5: η=1;
η为阻尼比，η越大，减震装置阻尼越大，隔振效果越差，但是减震系统恢复平稳时间越短，系统更加牢靠和稳定。η is the damping ratio. The larger η is, the greater the damping of the shock absorbing device is, and the worse the vibration isolation effect is, but the shorter the recovery time of the shock absorbing system is, the more reliable and stable the system is.
图3为心磁图仪弹簧阻尼减震装置结构示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic structural diagram of the magnetocardiograph spring damping shock-absorbing device;
（a）为弹簧阻尼减震装置中的同心圆环板材示意图；(a) is a schematic diagram of the concentric ring plates in the spring damping device;
（b）为三明治结构示意图。(b) is a schematic diagram of the sandwich structure.
图4为利用本发明提供的减震装置用于心磁图仪整机示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a magnetocardiograph using the shock absorbing device provided by the present invention.
图5为减震装置减震效果图；Fig. 5 is the damping effect figure of damping device;
曲线1：不加减震装置时梯度计的补偿输出；Curve 1: Compensation output of gradiometer without shock absorber;
曲线2：加入减震装置时梯度计的补偿输出。Curve 2: Compensated output of the gradiometer with shock absorber added.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
杜瓦输完液氦之后，将杜瓦穿过减震装置中心通透区，并将该整体悬挂于心磁图仪无磁支架悬梁之上（图4），即：无磁支架承托减震装置，减震装置承托杜瓦，减震装置避免了之前的无磁支架直接承托杜瓦的情况。减震装置即可实现振动的隔离，减弱（或衰弱）地面传递至杜瓦的振动，进而减弱（或衰弱）梯度计相对于环境磁场的振动，从而减小了振动噪声，提高了心磁信号信噪比。减震装置减震效果示意图见图5，图中对比了梯度计减震前后磁场输出幅度的频谱特性，对比减震前后梯度计输出磁场幅度的频谱特性，加入减震装置后，梯度计中20~30Hz频带内的振动噪声得到了有效抑制。显然，加入减震装置之后对一些振动的特征峰产生了明显的抑制效果，从而能极大的提高心磁信号质量。After the Dewar has finished infusing liquid helium, pass the Dewar through the central transparent area of the shock absorber, and hang the whole on the suspension beam of the non-magnetic support of the magnetocardiograph (Figure 4), that is: the non-magnetic support supports the The shock absorbing device supports the Dewar, and the shock absorbing device avoids the situation that the previous non-magnetic support directly supports the Dewar. The shock absorber can realize vibration isolation, weaken (or weaken) the vibration transmitted from the ground to the Dewar, and then weaken (or weaken) the vibration of the gradiometer relative to the ambient magnetic field, thereby reducing vibration noise and improving the cardiomagnetic signal SNR. The schematic diagram of the damping effect of the damping device is shown in Figure 5. In the figure, the spectrum characteristics of the output amplitude of the magnetic field of the gradiometer before and after damping are compared, and the spectrum characteristics of the output magnetic field amplitude of the gradiometer before and after damping are compared. The vibration noise in the ~30Hz frequency band has been effectively suppressed. Apparently, the addition of the shock absorber has a significant suppression effect on some characteristic peaks of vibration, which can greatly improve the quality of the cardiomagnetic signal.
Claims (7)
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