CN102924589A - 胰高血糖素样肽-2(glp-2)的类似物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
胰高血糖素样肽-2(glp-2)的类似物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新的GLP-2的类似物及其制备方法,与天然GLP-2相比,本发明的化合物的化学稳定性得以提高,同时保留了天然GLP-2的药理活性。本发明的GLP-2类似物具有如下化学结构:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及胰高血糖素样肽-2(GLP-2)的类似物及其制备方法和在预防和治疗例如胃肠相关病症以及减轻化学疗法和放射性疗法的副作用中的用途。
背景技术
GLP-2属于胰高血糖素原衍生肽类(proglucagon-derived peptide,PGDP),是胰高血糖素原(proglucagon,PG)被激素原转化酶(prohormone convertase,PC)降解的产物之一,由肠道L内分泌细胞合成和释放,并受摄食、神经和内分泌等因素调节。
GLP-2能够特异性地刺激肠粘膜的生长,增强肠粘膜损伤后的再生;抑制肠粘膜上皮细胞和隐窝细胞的凋亡;增强肠上皮细胞基底侧对葡萄糖的转运和葡萄糖转运蛋白-2(glucosetransporter-2,GLUT2)的表达,促进肠消化和吸收功能;抑制胃肠动力和胃酸分泌;增强肠粘膜屏障功能;增加肠道血供。
除了对正常肠粘膜的营养和促生长作用外,GLP-2还能加速肠粘膜损伤后的再生修复。GLP-2可以显著促进小肠大部切除后残留肠段粘膜的适应性增生反应,使肠管直径、隐窝深度、绒毛高度、肠粘膜DNA及蛋白质含量明显增加
GLP-2对肠黏膜的修复作用及维持肠道功能的作用机制是通过许多不同的途径进行的.在生理状况下,GLP-2通过抑制胃肠道分泌和胃肠道蠕动来促进肠道营养的运输,增加肠道血流量以及促进隐窝细胞增殖,同时也加强肠道的屏障功能,抑制隐窝细胞的凋亡。
GLP-2是由33个氨基酸残基组成的单链多肽,分子量3900道尔顿,氨基酸序列在哺乳动物具有高度保守性,是具有如下序列的多肽:
H-His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Ser-Phe-Ser-Asp-Glu-Met-Asn-Thr-Ile-Leu-Asp-Asn-Leu-Ala-Ala-Arg-Asp-Phe-Ile-Asn-Trp-Leu-Ile-Gln-Thr-Lys-Ile-Thr-Asp-OH。GLP-2在循环中二酰肽肽酶IV(DPPIV)的作用下氨基末段迅速裂解失去活性,并通过肾脏代谢。由于DPPIV的酶解作用,GLP-2的半衰期大约为7分钟(Tavares等,Am.J.Physiol.Endocrinol.Metab.2000,278:134-139)。
尽管GLP-2表现出的小肠特异性以及其具有的有益药理效果已经引起人们的重视,但是相对于内源性DPPIV的低稳定性,极大地限制了GLP-2的用途。
WO9739031公开了一种GLP-2的类似物,将2位丙氨酸取代为甘氨酸,提高肽的稳定性。CN101171262公开了一种GLP-2类似物,是将野生型序列8、16、24和/或28位中的一个或多个位置的氨基酸替换,和/或31至33位氨基酸缺失得到的,有助于提高多肽的稳定性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种GLP-2的类似物,与野生GLP-2相比,具有更稳定的化学特性,更长的半衰期,同时仍然保留具有类似于GLP-2的生物活性。其化学结构式如下:
其中每个R1、R2独立的选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、杂芳基烷基或杂环基烷基;R1、R2优选烷基,更优选C1-C4的烷基,最优选甲基;
R3独立的选自烷基、烯基、炔基、[R1′-K-R1′]n;
所述的R1′选自烷基、炔基(烯基)或炔基;
所述的R2′是H或烷基;
n是2-7的整数。
R3优选烯基。
本发明GLP-2的类似物优选具有下列结构的化合物:
其中每个R1、R2独立的选自H、烷基、烯基、炔基、芳基烷基、环烷基烷基、杂芳基烷基或杂环基烷基;优选烷基,更优选C1-C4的烷基,最优选甲基;
n和m分别选自2-7的整数,优选当n是7时,m是4。
本发明GLP-2的类似物更优选具有下列结构的化合物:
本发明的多肽化合物在天然GLP-2的基础上,将其结构两个位点(11位与18位)的氨基酸用有机基团取代,并相互环合连接,形成本发明的多肽化合物,因此,本发明的多肽化合物具有天然的多肽二级结构,α螺旋程度增加,使其更接近于内源性GLP-2的结构特点,更容易与靶位相结合,因此提高了多肽类似物对二肽酰基肽酶IV的耐受,降低了在体内被降解的可能。与天然GLP-2序列相比,本发明的多肽化合物的化学稳定性得以提高。而且本发明的多肽化合物保留了天然GLP-2的药理活性。
本发明多肽化合物的两个位点的氨基酸尤其优选分别以具有光学活性的(R)-2-氨基-2-甲基-6-癸烯酸(即图1中的R8)和(S)-2-氨基-2-甲基-6-庚烯酸(即图1中的S5)取代,所述的取代基通过化学催化的方式彼此环合后获得的多肽化合物。
所述的取代基以Fmoc进行保护,参与多肽的合成,所述的Fmoc-(R)-2-氨基-2-甲基-6-癸烯酸具有如下化学结构:
所述的Fmoc-(S)-2-氨基-2-甲基-6-庚烯酸具有如下结构:
本发明的另一方面提供了制备上述多肽化合物的方法。可以采用本领域技术人员熟知的方法,选择顺序的或次序不同的合成步骤产生具有如下化学结构的物质:
所述的合成方法包括:例如液相合成或固相合成(SPPS)进行制备,优选SPPS。所述的固相合成可以选择常规聚苯乙烯-苯二乙烯交联树脂、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯-乙二醇类树脂等,例如:王氏树脂(Wang Resin),Fmoc-Pro-CTC树脂等,优选Fmoc-Pro-CTC树脂。本发明化合物的环状结构是通过催化环合的方式制备的,所述的催化剂可以是:钌催化剂,优选的催化剂是苯基亚甲基双(三环己基磷)二氯化钌(Grubbs 1st),或Grubbs 2st。
本发明另一方面提供了包括上述多肽化合物的药物组合物。所述的药物组合物包含有效量的具有上述结构的多肽化合物和药学可接受的载体,所述的组合物可以根据本领域的公知技术进行制备,例如与常规的药用辅料进行混合,制备成注射剂、注射液,或局部给药的制剂类型例如乳剂、膏剂、霜剂或经鼻给药的剂型等,或具有缓释效果的制剂,例如微球、脂质体等。
本发明所述的“药学可接受的载体”包括任何一种药用辅料,例如填充剂、稀释剂、赋形剂等。例如包括但不限于:乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、淀粉、纤维素类(如羧甲基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素等)、乙二醇、豆油、芝麻油、乙醇、无菌生理盐水、无菌水、乙醇等。通常,药学上可接受的载体是水溶性的pH缓冲液,例如柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐等;还可以含有抗氧化剂,稳定剂(如氨基酸)、抑菌剂等。
本发明另一方面提供了上述GLP-2类似物在制备预防和治疗胃和肠相关病症的药物中的应用。所述的胃和肠相关病症包括但不限于:胃溃疡、吸收不良综合征、炎性肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、小肠损伤、传染性肠炎、感染性肠炎、由于化疗或放疗引起的小肠损伤、营养不良相关的病症,例如厌食症。
附图说明
图1是本发明优选GLP-2类似物的制备流程,图1分子式中的R8是(R)-2-氨基-2-甲基-6-癸烯基,S5是(S)-2-氨基-2-甲基-6-庚烯基
图2是以大鼠模型研究本发明优选GLP-2类似物的药效试验结果
具体实施方式
以下的实施例用于进一步的阐明本发明的技术方案。本发明说明书及实施例中所带保护基的氨基酸单体以及其他化学试剂等,均可从相关公司购买获得,未注明具体条件的试验方法,可按常规条件进行,或按商品供货商所建议的条件进行。
实施例1 GLP-2类似物的制备
按照固相合成的常规方法,将带保护基的氨基酸逐一接在树脂上,然后用催化剂催化环合,接着脱去保护基并将多肽从树脂上切下,制备如下式的优选GLP-2类似物:
1、固相合成
选择0.45g Fmoc-Asp(OtBu)-Wang树脂(取代度:0.33mmol/g)制备,在室温条件下用DMF浸泡树脂60min,将带有Fmoc保护的氨基酸按照顺序排列在合成仪中进行活化连接,获得如图1中化合物2的产物,结构为:
2、催化环合
将上述步骤所得的化合物依次用DCM(20ml)和DCE(20ml)各冲洗两次,然后用DCE(8ml)浸泡30min,接着将Grubbs 1st(25mg x 2,20mg/0.1mmol)加入反应混合物中,室温振摇3小时。用MS检测环化情况,如果环化不完全,重复该步骤,通常重复2次,获得目标多肽化合物(0.978g)。
3、切除树脂
将步骤3获得的反应混合物放在E溶液(10ml)中,氮气保护下室温搅拌2.5小时。过滤,去除滤液,滤饼用TFA(4ml)冲洗,接着放置在冷的乙醚(50ml)中沉淀,离心;得到的滤饼用冷的乙醚(100ml)冲洗两次,真空干燥,获得本发明的多肽化合物468mg,产率80.8%,MW=3859.32
4、纯化
将上述粗品用HPLC进行纯化,获得纯度95%以上的纯品35mg。
实施例2 二肽基肽酶IV(DPP-IV)抗性测定
检测rGLP-2与实施例1的GLP-2类似物的DPP-IV抗性,将2.5μl含0.125mU的重组人DPP-IV(购自ProSpec)溶于20mM Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 8),100mM NaCl,1mM EDTA,10%甘油溶液中,加入50ul含0.2mg/ml的待测肽的PBS溶液(pH7.4)。在37℃循环水浴中保温24小时,加入50ul含4mg/ml的diprotinA(购自BIOPRC)的PBS溶液猝灭保温。用反相(PR)HPLC分析每种样品:将90ul猝灭的保温混合物注射到Dynamax(购自Rainin)300A,C5(5微米,4.6*250毫米)柱上,样品用含0.1%TFA的乙腈改性水的线性梯度进行洗脱,流速1ml/min,在214nm处检测样品成分,通过对应于剩余未消化的母体肽的峰面积测定切割程度。结果显示,保温24小时后,约25%的对照rGLP-2被DPP-IV切割,而未检测到实施例1GLP-2类似物的切割产物。
实施例3 GLP-2类似物的药效学评价
选择正常雄性SD大鼠(200+-20g),随机分为3组,6只/组,分别为PBS对照组,rGLP-2组,实施例1GLP-2类似物组。按照0.5mg/kg/day给药,腹部皮下注射,给药10天,处死,取小肠,生理盐水清洗,称重。如图2的结果显示,与PBS组相比,rGLP-2组,实施例1的GLP-2类似物组均能明显促进肠生长。
Claims (11)
5.如权利要求4的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)通过固相合成技术制备。
6.如权利要求5的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)采用Fmoc保护的固相合成技术。
7.如权利要求4的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)的催化剂是钌催化剂。
8.如权利要求7的方法,其特征在于,所述的钌催化剂是Grubbs 1st。
9.权利要求1-3任一项的GLP-2的类似物在治疗在制备预防、治疗胃和肠相关病症的药物中的用途。
10.如权利要求9的用途,其特征在于,所述的胃和肠相关病症包括:吸收不良综合征、炎性肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、小肠损伤、传染性肠炎、感染性肠炎、由于化疗或放疗引起的小肠损伤、营养不良。
11.一种药物组合物,包括有效量的权利要求1-3任一项所述的GLP-2的类似物和药学可接受的载体。
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