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CN102823420A - Cultivation method for promoting precocity and high yield of broccolis - Google Patents

Cultivation method for promoting precocity and high yield of broccolis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102823420A
CN102823420A CN2012103615333A CN201210361533A CN102823420A CN 102823420 A CN102823420 A CN 102823420A CN 2012103615333 A CN2012103615333 A CN 2012103615333A CN 201210361533 A CN201210361533 A CN 201210361533A CN 102823420 A CN102823420 A CN 102823420A
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China
Prior art keywords
broccoli
high yield
seed
field
broccolis
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CN2012103615333A
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Inventor
戴忠良
秦文斌
潘跃平
姚悦梅
毛忠良
吴国平
潘永飞
张振超
王建华
孙春青
肖燕
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Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
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Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences Jiangsu Hilly Area
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Publication of CN102823420A publication Critical patent/CN102823420A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention relates to a cultivation method of crops, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of broccolis and the method belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. According to the invention, on the basis of the existing cultivation technologies, lucifugal low-temperature treatment is carried out on germinated broccoli seeds, so that the green vernalization of the broccolis can be promoted; and on the basis of accelerating each state of the flower bud differentiation, the leafing period is brought forward, benefit is brought to the improvement of photosynthetic products and the aim of promoting the high yield of the broccolis is achieved. The cultivation method has the beneficial effects that simplicity and operability are provided, the mature period of the broccolis can be brought forward by about 3 days, the yield is increased by more than 10% compared with the conventional cultivation, and the comprehensive benefit is higher.

Description

A kind of breeding method that promotes broccoli precocity, high yield
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of crops, especially a kind of breeding method of broccoli belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Broccoli (B rassica oleracea L. var. italica) has another name called broccoli, broccoli, stem cabbage etc.; Be that the Cruciferae rape belongs in the brassica specie with green bouquet be one, two these plants of sward of product organ; It is a product with the green bouquet that stem and side shoot top form; Nutritious, the color tool is good, is international market a kind of special vegetables in very great demand.Broccoli is not long at China's cultivation history, but development is very fast, particularly Along with people's growth in the living standard and to the understanding of the nutritive value of broccoli, health-care efficacy etc., and the demand of broccoli consumption market at home must be doubled and redoubled from now on.The cultivation of broccoli has also obtained the attention of China governments at all levels and correlative study unit as a new industry, centers on broccoli introducing new varieties and production technology, target level of product quality etc. and has also carried out big quantity research.The ripe property of broccoli, output, quality are mainly by kind and supporting culture technique decision; And culture technique mainly is to have carried out series of studies around aspects such as suitable sowing time, plantation density, Fertilization Level, field management at present, has also summed up more perfect culture technique system.But on existing kind and supporting culture technique basis, how further gather ahead of time does not appear in the newspapers with the research that improves aspects such as broccoli output at present.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is the defective that exists to prior art, proposes a kind of breeding method that promotes broccoli precocity, high yield, reaches the purpose of gathering in the crops and improve output ahead of time.
The present invention is through following technical scheme technical solution problem, and a kind of breeding method that promotes broccoli precocity, high yield may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, seed low temperature treatment with the seed of broccoli presoaking and germinating 18~24 hours at room temperature, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, are put in 0-2 ℃ of lucifuge place with seed, put 13~18 days;
Step 2, seeding and seedling raising are grown seedlings above-mentioned seeds treated and to be sowed, to grow seedlings with 72 holes or 128 holes dish, cultivate into strong sprout;
Step 3, site preparation and fertilization are selected the field with the non-continuous cropping of brassicaceous vegetable, after the preceding crop results, plough immediately and shine soil, apply base fertilizer before doing furrow, and sowing amount is every 667m 2Execute the chicken manure 3000-3200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, NPK 45-55kg, boron fertilizer 0.5-1.5kg turns over then and buries, and makes that 1-1.5m is wide, the high furrow of ditch depth 20cm~30cm;
Step 4, field planting, choosing do not have the solar time to carrying out field planting said strong sprout, and its seeding row spacing by (40 ± 5) * (50 ± 5) cm is transplanted to the land for growing field crops;
Normal root water is in time watered in step 5, field management after the field planting, growing period keeps field soil moistening, and two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2-3 time in earlier stage after the field planting, in conjunction with weeding, loosen the soil and carry out;
Step 6, results are fully grown up also when loosing ball at main bouquet, and bouquet is cut off at the high 13-14cm of ball place together with top 5-6 sheet siphonal lobe.
In the said step 2 of said method, be meant seedling age strong sprout 35 ± 2 days, have 6-7 sheet true leaf, cane is sturdy, cotyledon is complete, the leaf look dark green, the growth is vigorous, and well developed root system does not have yellow leaf, the broccoli seedling of no damage by disease and insect.
The said chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 3000kg, and NPK is that the N:P:K of 50kg is the composite fertilizer of 15:15:15, and boron fertilizer is 1kg.
In the said step 4, two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2-3 time in earlier stage after the field planting.Said fertilizer comprises instant nitrogenousfertilizer and composite fertilizer, in conjunction with weeding, loosen the soil and topdress.Said fertilizing type is the instant nitrogenousfertilizer that contains N 46% and said NPK to be mixed to burrow by 1:1 spread manuer in holes.
If it is lower to run into harvest time temperature, bouquet is difficult for the flower that looses, and it is longer to fit the receipts phase, can gather in the crops according to market conditions in good time.
In plant phasic development process, vernalization is the phase I of growing, and through after vernalization stage, passes through photostage again, and the flower bud differentiation that just can induce a biennial plant carries out the transition to reproductive growth by nourishing and growing.Vegetables are through being divided into two types the period of vernalization: the first kind is the low temperature vernalization of seed, and second type is the low temperature vernalization of green body.The green body vernalization type plant that broccoli belongs to the low temperature long-day when plant reaches certain seedling age, can experience low temperature and carry out vernalization, gets into generative growth phase.The purpose of general vernalization mainly is to impel plant to germinate ahead of time and bolting, and the present invention carries out vernalization through the broccoli seed that will sprout, has induced endogenous hormones GA 3Synthetic, improve the activity of enzymes such as POD and invertase, thereby can promote the completion of the green body vernalization of broccoli; On the basis of quickening each stage process of flower bud differentiation; Do sth. in advance the period of leave, helped the raising of photosynthetic product, reached promotion broccoli aim of high yield.Its beneficial effect is: simple, not only can be with about 3 days in advance ripe phase of broccoli, and also the PR conventional cultivation increases more than 10%, and comprehensive benefit is higher.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Material: the seed of broccoli can be chosen seed on sale on the market, for example auspicious green (mid-early maturity kind), green (medium variety)---Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City sells for a long time.
Present embodiment is cultivated broccoli according to the following steps:
Get step 1, mid-July each 600 in the seed of auspicious green and green two kinds of a specified duration; Respectively be divided into two equal portions again; Respectively get a copy of it (300 seeds) and carry out presoaking and germinating; When seed began to sprout in 20 hours (when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally), seed is placed in 0-2 ℃ the refrigerator (under the dark condition) and handled 15 days;
Step 2, with the seed after the low temperature treatment and the seed that not have to handle coil with 72 holes by conventional method and sow, breed strong sprout; The standard in strong sprout is seedling age 35 ± 2 days, has 6-7 sheet true leaf, and cane is sturdy, cotyledon is complete, the leaf look dark green, the growth is vigorous, and well developed root system does not have yellow leaf, the broccoli seedling of no damage by disease and insect.
Step 3, selection land readjustment, neutral soil fertile, loose, that preserve moisture and fertility power is strong use sufficient base fertilizer; Execute 3000 kilograms of the fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed for per 667 square metres; The NPK of 50kg is that N:P:K is the composite fertilizer of 15:15:15, and 1 kilogram of boron fertilizer is turned over then and buried; Native face is raked carefully, make that 1m is wide, the high furrow of ditch depth 20cm~30cm.
Step 4, at after planting 37 days, the long field planting land for growing field crops during to 6-7 sheet true leaf of seedling, every ridge cultivation two row, 45 centimetres of spacing in the rows, each kind is respectively planted 400 strains, wherein low temperature treatment is respectively planted 200 strains with the seedling of not handling.
Normal root water is in time watered in step 5, field management, field planting later on, guarantees alive as early as possible.To suitably control water later on, inspire root for alive.Growing period will often keep field soil moistening later on.Two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2 times after the field planting, are main to chase after available N fertilizer, and fertilizing type is the instant nitrogenousfertilizer 10kg that contains N 46% and above-mentioned NPK 10kg to be mixed to burrow by 1:1 spread manuer in holes.Topdress and combine weeding, loosen the soil and carry out.Strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Calculate two variety seeds low temperature treatment and do not handle planting type plant economical character and curd yield, the result sees table 1:
Figure 342571DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Table 1 low temperature treatment and conventional cultivation (ck) are to the influence of ripe property of broccoli and output
Can be known that by table 1 through the broccoli seed that low temperature treatment is sprouted, the growth potential of its plant is stronger, the degree of development and the outer number of sheets are more than what do not handle, budding the time early, the difference that the time ratio of suitable results is not handled early 4 days and 2 days.Output is also than the difference of not handling high 12.5% and 10.3%.
Except that the foregoing description, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. one kind promotes that broccoli is precocious, the breeding method of high yield, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, seed low temperature treatment with the seed of broccoli presoaking and germinating 18~24 hours at room temperature, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, are put in 0-2 ℃ of lucifuge place with seed, put 13~18 days;
Step 2, seeding and seedling raising are grown seedlings above-mentioned seeds treated and to be sowed, to grow seedlings with 72 to 128 holes dishes, cultivate into strong sprout;
Step 3, site preparation and fertilization are selected the field with the non-continuous cropping of brassicaceous vegetable, after the preceding crop results, plough and shine soil, apply base fertilizer before doing furrow, and sowing amount is every 667m 2Execute the chicken manure 3000-3200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, NPK 45-55kg, boron fertilizer 0.5-1.5kg turns over then and buries, and makes that 1-1.5m is wide, the high furrow of ditch depth 20cm~30cm;
Step 4, field planting, choosing do not have the solar time to carrying out field planting said strong sprout, and its seeding row spacing by (40 ± 5) * (50 ± 5) cm is transplanted to the land for growing field crops;
Normal root water is in time watered in step 5, field management after the field planting, growing period keeps field soil moistening, and two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2-3 time in earlier stage after the field planting, in conjunction with weeding, loosen the soil and carry out;
Step 6, results are fully grown up also when loosing ball at broccoli master bouquet, and bouquet is cut off at the high 13-14cm of ball place together with top 5-6 sheet siphonal lobe.
2. the breeding method of, high yield precocious according to the said promotion broccoli of claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the said step 2, be meant seedling age strong sprout 35 ± 2 days, have 6-7 sheet true leaf; Cane is sturdy, cotyledon is complete, the leaf look dark green, the growth is vigorous; Well developed root system does not have yellow leaf, the broccoli seedling of no damage by disease and insect.
3. according to the breeding method of the said promotion broccoli precocity of claim 1, high yield, it is characterized in that: the said chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 3000kg, and NPK is that the N:P:K of 50kg is the composite fertilizer of 15:15:15, and boron fertilizer is 1kg.
4. according to the breeding method of the said promotion broccoli precocity of claim 1, high yield, it is characterized in that: in the said step 4, two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2-3 time in earlier stage after the field planting.
5. the breeding method of, high yield precocious according to the said promotion broccoli of claim 4 is characterized in that: said fertilizing type is the instant nitrogenousfertilizer that contains N 46% and said NPK to be mixed to burrow by 1:1 spread manuer in holes.
CN2012103615333A 2012-09-26 2012-09-26 Cultivation method for promoting precocity and high yield of broccolis Pending CN102823420A (en)

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Cited By (14)

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CN103004435A (en) * 2012-12-20 2013-04-03 国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 Cultivation method of broccoli
CN103141181A (en) * 2013-03-21 2013-06-12 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 Method for promoting rosa chinensis seed to sprout rapidly
CN103202155A (en) * 2013-03-18 2013-07-17 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 Seed production method for reducing rotting rate of broccoli
CN103210848A (en) * 2013-05-14 2013-07-24 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Broccoli lateral branch cultivating plant and hybrid seed production method
CN103404345A (en) * 2013-08-09 2013-11-27 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Seed production overwintering method for brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
CN104012277A (en) * 2014-06-11 2014-09-03 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Broccoli high-yield cultivation method
CN104145688A (en) * 2014-08-25 2014-11-19 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Cultivation method of broccoli
CN104335801A (en) * 2014-08-25 2015-02-11 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Method for increasing seed production yield of sterile line of broccoli
CN104920022A (en) * 2015-05-29 2015-09-23 蚌埠市乔峰农业蔬菜专业合作社 Cauliflower seedling raising method
CN106105665A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-16 固镇县华原家庭农场 A kind of method for culturing seedlings ensureing Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae stable yields
CN107593308A (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-01-19 桐梓县佳隆种植专业合作社 A kind of blue flower implantation methods in west
CN108849299A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-23 台州市农业科学研究院 A method of improving broccoli hybrid seed yield
CN108967056A (en) * 2018-06-18 2018-12-11 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of the blue flower in west
CN109418044A (en) * 2017-07-04 2019-03-05 宣威市绍炎农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of cauliflower implantation methods

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103004435B (en) * 2012-12-20 2013-11-06 国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 Cultivation method of broccoli
CN103004435A (en) * 2012-12-20 2013-04-03 国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 Cultivation method of broccoli
CN103202155B (en) * 2013-03-18 2015-04-29 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 Seed production method for reducing rotting rate of broccoli
CN103202155A (en) * 2013-03-18 2013-07-17 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 Seed production method for reducing rotting rate of broccoli
CN103141181A (en) * 2013-03-21 2013-06-12 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 Method for promoting rosa chinensis seed to sprout rapidly
CN103141181B (en) * 2013-03-21 2015-03-18 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 Method for promoting rosa chinensis seed to sprout rapidly
CN103210848A (en) * 2013-05-14 2013-07-24 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Broccoli lateral branch cultivating plant and hybrid seed production method
CN103404345A (en) * 2013-08-09 2013-11-27 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Seed production overwintering method for brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.
CN103404345B (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-08-19 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 A kind of method that cauliflower production of hybrid seeds is survived the winter
CN104012277A (en) * 2014-06-11 2014-09-03 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Broccoli high-yield cultivation method
CN104335801A (en) * 2014-08-25 2015-02-11 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Method for increasing seed production yield of sterile line of broccoli
CN104145688A (en) * 2014-08-25 2014-11-19 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 Cultivation method of broccoli
CN104920022A (en) * 2015-05-29 2015-09-23 蚌埠市乔峰农业蔬菜专业合作社 Cauliflower seedling raising method
CN106105665A (en) * 2016-06-29 2016-11-16 固镇县华原家庭农场 A kind of method for culturing seedlings ensureing Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae stable yields
CN109418044A (en) * 2017-07-04 2019-03-05 宣威市绍炎农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of cauliflower implantation methods
CN107593308A (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-01-19 桐梓县佳隆种植专业合作社 A kind of blue flower implantation methods in west
CN108967056A (en) * 2018-06-18 2018-12-11 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of the blue flower in west
CN108849299A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-23 台州市农业科学研究院 A method of improving broccoli hybrid seed yield
CN108849299B (en) * 2018-07-18 2021-04-13 台州市农业科学研究院 Method for improving seed production yield of broccoli

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Application publication date: 20121219