CN102823420A - Cultivation method for promoting precocity and high yield of broccolis - Google Patents
Cultivation method for promoting precocity and high yield of broccolis Download PDFInfo
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- CN102823420A CN102823420A CN2012103615333A CN201210361533A CN102823420A CN 102823420 A CN102823420 A CN 102823420A CN 2012103615333 A CN2012103615333 A CN 2012103615333A CN 201210361533 A CN201210361533 A CN 201210361533A CN 102823420 A CN102823420 A CN 102823420A
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- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000017647 Brassica oleracea var italica Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000037666 field crops Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000308180 Brassica oleracea var. italica Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007124 Brassica oleracea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003899 Brassica oleracea var acephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011301 Brassica oleracea var capitata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000219193 Brassicaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010051210 beta-Fructofuranosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011073 invertase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001573 invertase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of crops, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of broccolis and the method belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. According to the invention, on the basis of the existing cultivation technologies, lucifugal low-temperature treatment is carried out on germinated broccoli seeds, so that the green vernalization of the broccolis can be promoted; and on the basis of accelerating each state of the flower bud differentiation, the leafing period is brought forward, benefit is brought to the improvement of photosynthetic products and the aim of promoting the high yield of the broccolis is achieved. The cultivation method has the beneficial effects that simplicity and operability are provided, the mature period of the broccolis can be brought forward by about 3 days, the yield is increased by more than 10% compared with the conventional cultivation, and the comprehensive benefit is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of crops, especially a kind of breeding method of broccoli belongs to field of plant growing technology.
Background technology
Broccoli (B rassica oleracea L. var. italica) has another name called broccoli, broccoli, stem cabbage etc.; Be that the Cruciferae rape belongs in the brassica specie with green bouquet be one, two these plants of sward of product organ; It is a product with the green bouquet that stem and side shoot top form; Nutritious, the color tool is good, is international market a kind of special vegetables in very great demand.Broccoli is not long at China's cultivation history, but development is very fast, particularly Along with people's growth in the living standard and to the understanding of the nutritive value of broccoli, health-care efficacy etc., and the demand of broccoli consumption market at home must be doubled and redoubled from now on.The cultivation of broccoli has also obtained the attention of China governments at all levels and correlative study unit as a new industry, centers on broccoli introducing new varieties and production technology, target level of product quality etc. and has also carried out big quantity research.The ripe property of broccoli, output, quality are mainly by kind and supporting culture technique decision; And culture technique mainly is to have carried out series of studies around aspects such as suitable sowing time, plantation density, Fertilization Level, field management at present, has also summed up more perfect culture technique system.But on existing kind and supporting culture technique basis, how further gather ahead of time does not appear in the newspapers with the research that improves aspects such as broccoli output at present.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is the defective that exists to prior art, proposes a kind of breeding method that promotes broccoli precocity, high yield, reaches the purpose of gathering in the crops and improve output ahead of time.
The present invention is through following technical scheme technical solution problem, and a kind of breeding method that promotes broccoli precocity, high yield may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, seed low temperature treatment with the seed of broccoli presoaking and germinating 18~24 hours at room temperature, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, are put in 0-2 ℃ of lucifuge place with seed, put 13~18 days;
Step 2, seeding and seedling raising are grown seedlings above-mentioned seeds treated and to be sowed, to grow seedlings with 72 holes or 128 holes dish, cultivate into strong sprout;
Step 3, site preparation and fertilization are selected the field with the non-continuous cropping of brassicaceous vegetable, after the preceding crop results, plough immediately and shine soil, apply base fertilizer before doing furrow, and sowing amount is every 667m
2Execute the chicken manure 3000-3200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, NPK 45-55kg, boron fertilizer 0.5-1.5kg turns over then and buries, and makes that 1-1.5m is wide, the high furrow of ditch depth 20cm~30cm;
Step 4, field planting, choosing do not have the solar time to carrying out field planting said strong sprout, and its seeding row spacing by (40 ± 5) * (50 ± 5) cm is transplanted to the land for growing field crops;
Normal root water is in time watered in step 5, field management after the field planting, growing period keeps field soil moistening, and two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2-3 time in earlier stage after the field planting, in conjunction with weeding, loosen the soil and carry out;
Step 6, results are fully grown up also when loosing ball at main bouquet, and bouquet is cut off at the high 13-14cm of ball place together with top 5-6 sheet siphonal lobe.
In the said step 2 of said method, be meant seedling age strong sprout 35 ± 2 days, have 6-7 sheet true leaf, cane is sturdy, cotyledon is complete, the leaf look dark green, the growth is vigorous, and well developed root system does not have yellow leaf, the broccoli seedling of no damage by disease and insect.
The said chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 3000kg, and NPK is that the N:P:K of 50kg is the composite fertilizer of 15:15:15, and boron fertilizer is 1kg.
In the said step 4, two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2-3 time in earlier stage after the field planting.Said fertilizer comprises instant nitrogenousfertilizer and composite fertilizer, in conjunction with weeding, loosen the soil and topdress.Said fertilizing type is the instant nitrogenousfertilizer that contains N 46% and said NPK to be mixed to burrow by 1:1 spread manuer in holes.
If it is lower to run into harvest time temperature, bouquet is difficult for the flower that looses, and it is longer to fit the receipts phase, can gather in the crops according to market conditions in good time.
In plant phasic development process, vernalization is the phase I of growing, and through after vernalization stage, passes through photostage again, and the flower bud differentiation that just can induce a biennial plant carries out the transition to reproductive growth by nourishing and growing.Vegetables are through being divided into two types the period of vernalization: the first kind is the low temperature vernalization of seed, and second type is the low temperature vernalization of green body.The green body vernalization type plant that broccoli belongs to the low temperature long-day when plant reaches certain seedling age, can experience low temperature and carry out vernalization, gets into generative growth phase.The purpose of general vernalization mainly is to impel plant to germinate ahead of time and bolting, and the present invention carries out vernalization through the broccoli seed that will sprout, has induced endogenous hormones GA
3Synthetic, improve the activity of enzymes such as POD and invertase, thereby can promote the completion of the green body vernalization of broccoli; On the basis of quickening each stage process of flower bud differentiation; Do sth. in advance the period of leave, helped the raising of photosynthetic product, reached promotion broccoli aim of high yield.Its beneficial effect is: simple, not only can be with about 3 days in advance ripe phase of broccoli, and also the PR conventional cultivation increases more than 10%, and comprehensive benefit is higher.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Material: the seed of broccoli can be chosen seed on sale on the market, for example auspicious green (mid-early maturity kind), green (medium variety)---Ruifan Agricultural Gardening Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang City sells for a long time.
Present embodiment is cultivated broccoli according to the following steps:
Get step 1, mid-July each 600 in the seed of auspicious green and green two kinds of a specified duration; Respectively be divided into two equal portions again; Respectively get a copy of it (300 seeds) and carry out presoaking and germinating; When seed began to sprout in 20 hours (when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally), seed is placed in 0-2 ℃ the refrigerator (under the dark condition) and handled 15 days;
Step 2, with the seed after the low temperature treatment and the seed that not have to handle coil with 72 holes by conventional method and sow, breed strong sprout; The standard in strong sprout is seedling age 35 ± 2 days, has 6-7 sheet true leaf, and cane is sturdy, cotyledon is complete, the leaf look dark green, the growth is vigorous, and well developed root system does not have yellow leaf, the broccoli seedling of no damage by disease and insect.
Step 3, selection land readjustment, neutral soil fertile, loose, that preserve moisture and fertility power is strong use sufficient base fertilizer; Execute 3000 kilograms of the fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed for per 667 square metres; The NPK of 50kg is that N:P:K is the composite fertilizer of 15:15:15, and 1 kilogram of boron fertilizer is turned over then and buried; Native face is raked carefully, make that 1m is wide, the high furrow of ditch depth 20cm~30cm.
Step 4, at after planting 37 days, the long field planting land for growing field crops during to 6-7 sheet true leaf of seedling, every ridge cultivation two row, 45 centimetres of spacing in the rows, each kind is respectively planted 400 strains, wherein low temperature treatment is respectively planted 200 strains with the seedling of not handling.
Normal root water is in time watered in step 5, field management, field planting later on, guarantees alive as early as possible.To suitably control water later on, inspire root for alive.Growing period will often keep field soil moistening later on.Two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2 times after the field planting, are main to chase after available N fertilizer, and fertilizing type is the instant nitrogenousfertilizer 10kg that contains N 46% and above-mentioned NPK 10kg to be mixed to burrow by 1:1 spread manuer in holes.Topdress and combine weeding, loosen the soil and carry out.Strengthen the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Calculate two variety seeds low temperature treatment and do not handle planting type plant economical character and curd yield, the result sees table 1:
Table 1 low temperature treatment and conventional cultivation (ck) are to the influence of ripe property of broccoli and output
Can be known that by table 1 through the broccoli seed that low temperature treatment is sprouted, the growth potential of its plant is stronger, the degree of development and the outer number of sheets are more than what do not handle, budding the time early, the difference that the time ratio of suitable results is not handled early 4 days and 2 days.Output is also than the difference of not handling high 12.5% and 10.3%.
Except that the foregoing description, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. one kind promotes that broccoli is precocious, the breeding method of high yield, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, seed low temperature treatment with the seed of broccoli presoaking and germinating 18~24 hours at room temperature, when seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, are put in 0-2 ℃ of lucifuge place with seed, put 13~18 days;
Step 2, seeding and seedling raising are grown seedlings above-mentioned seeds treated and to be sowed, to grow seedlings with 72 to 128 holes dishes, cultivate into strong sprout;
Step 3, site preparation and fertilization are selected the field with the non-continuous cropping of brassicaceous vegetable, after the preceding crop results, plough and shine soil, apply base fertilizer before doing furrow, and sowing amount is every 667m
2Execute the chicken manure 3000-3200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, NPK 45-55kg, boron fertilizer 0.5-1.5kg turns over then and buries, and makes that 1-1.5m is wide, the high furrow of ditch depth 20cm~30cm;
Step 4, field planting, choosing do not have the solar time to carrying out field planting said strong sprout, and its seeding row spacing by (40 ± 5) * (50 ± 5) cm is transplanted to the land for growing field crops;
Normal root water is in time watered in step 5, field management after the field planting, growing period keeps field soil moistening, and two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2-3 time in earlier stage after the field planting, in conjunction with weeding, loosen the soil and carry out;
Step 6, results are fully grown up also when loosing ball at broccoli master bouquet, and bouquet is cut off at the high 13-14cm of ball place together with top 5-6 sheet siphonal lobe.
2. the breeding method of, high yield precocious according to the said promotion broccoli of claim 1; It is characterized in that: in the said step 2, be meant seedling age strong sprout 35 ± 2 days, have 6-7 sheet true leaf; Cane is sturdy, cotyledon is complete, the leaf look dark green, the growth is vigorous; Well developed root system does not have yellow leaf, the broccoli seedling of no damage by disease and insect.
3. according to the breeding method of the said promotion broccoli precocity of claim 1, high yield, it is characterized in that: the said chicken manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed is 3000kg, and NPK is that the N:P:K of 50kg is the composite fertilizer of 15:15:15, and boron fertilizer is 1kg.
4. according to the breeding method of the said promotion broccoli precocity of claim 1, high yield, it is characterized in that: in the said step 4, two thoughtful existing balls topdress 2-3 time in earlier stage after the field planting.
5. the breeding method of, high yield precocious according to the said promotion broccoli of claim 4 is characterized in that: said fertilizing type is the instant nitrogenousfertilizer that contains N 46% and said NPK to be mixed to burrow by 1:1 spread manuer in holes.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103004435A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-03 | 国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of broccoli |
| CN103141181A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-12 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for promoting rosa chinensis seed to sprout rapidly |
| CN103202155A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-17 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Seed production method for reducing rotting rate of broccoli |
| CN103210848A (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2013-07-24 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Broccoli lateral branch cultivating plant and hybrid seed production method |
| CN103404345A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-11-27 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Seed production overwintering method for brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. |
| CN104012277A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-09-03 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Broccoli high-yield cultivation method |
| CN104145688A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-11-19 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Cultivation method of broccoli |
| CN104335801A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-02-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for increasing seed production yield of sterile line of broccoli |
| CN104920022A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-23 | 蚌埠市乔峰农业蔬菜专业合作社 | Cauliflower seedling raising method |
| CN106105665A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 固镇县华原家庭农场 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings ensureing Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae stable yields |
| CN107593308A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-19 | 桐梓县佳隆种植专业合作社 | A kind of blue flower implantation methods in west |
| CN108849299A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-23 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | A method of improving broccoli hybrid seed yield |
| CN108967056A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-12-11 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the blue flower in west |
| CN109418044A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-03-05 | 宣威市绍炎农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of cauliflower implantation methods |
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Cited By (19)
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| CN103004435B (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-11-06 | 国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of broccoli |
| CN103004435A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-03 | 国兴农现代农业发展股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of broccoli |
| CN103202155B (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Seed production method for reducing rotting rate of broccoli |
| CN103202155A (en) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-07-17 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Seed production method for reducing rotting rate of broccoli |
| CN103141181A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2013-06-12 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for promoting rosa chinensis seed to sprout rapidly |
| CN103141181B (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2015-03-18 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for promoting rosa chinensis seed to sprout rapidly |
| CN103210848A (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2013-07-24 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Broccoli lateral branch cultivating plant and hybrid seed production method |
| CN103404345A (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2013-11-27 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Seed production overwintering method for brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. |
| CN103404345B (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-08-19 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of method that cauliflower production of hybrid seeds is survived the winter |
| CN104012277A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-09-03 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Broccoli high-yield cultivation method |
| CN104335801A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2015-02-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for increasing seed production yield of sterile line of broccoli |
| CN104145688A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2014-11-19 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Cultivation method of broccoli |
| CN104920022A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-09-23 | 蚌埠市乔峰农业蔬菜专业合作社 | Cauliflower seedling raising method |
| CN106105665A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-16 | 固镇县华原家庭农场 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings ensureing Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae stable yields |
| CN109418044A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-03-05 | 宣威市绍炎农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of cauliflower implantation methods |
| CN107593308A (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2018-01-19 | 桐梓县佳隆种植专业合作社 | A kind of blue flower implantation methods in west |
| CN108967056A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2018-12-11 | 钟山佳园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the blue flower in west |
| CN108849299A (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2018-11-23 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | A method of improving broccoli hybrid seed yield |
| CN108849299B (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2021-04-13 | 台州市农业科学研究院 | Method for improving seed production yield of broccoli |
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Application publication date: 20121219 |