CN102812284B - Lighting device with multi-chip light emitter, solid state light emitter support member and lighting element - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of luminaire (10), wherein, the solid-state light emitters in the first multi-chip light emitting body (14) is spatially offset relative to the solid-state light emitters in the second multi-chip light emitting body.One comprises the luminaire of the first multi-chip light emitting body, the second multi-chip light emitting body and the 3rd multi-chip light emitting body (14), wherein, any solid-state light emitters in second multi-chip light emitting body is relative to the skew spatially of the first solid-state light emitters on the first multi-chip light emitting body less than 10 degree, and the difference of the tone of the light that the light of a certain tone that any solid-state light emitters in the second multi-chip light emitting body sends and the first solid-state light emitters send is more than 7 MacAdam's ellipses.A kind of solid-state light emitters supporting member (13), it comprises central area and at least the first protruding, the second protruding and the 3rd projection extended from this central area.A kind of luminaire, it comprises the device of at least the first housing member (15) and generally uniform luminescence.

Description

Lighting device with multi-chip light emitter, solid state light emitter support member and lighting element

Cross References to Related Applications

This application claims the benefit of US Patent Application No. 12/776.947, filed May 10, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/298.701, filed January 27, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/299.154, filed January 28, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/299.183, filed January 28, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

This application claims the benefit of US Provisional Patent Application No. 61/299.634, filed January 29, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

technical field

The present invention relates to lighting devices comprising one or more multi-chip light emitters, such as multi-chip solid state light emitters. The invention also relates to solid state light emitter support members and lighting elements.

Background technique

Efforts are underway to develop more energy-efficient systems. In the United States, a large percentage (by some estimates around 25%) of electricity is used for lighting each year. Much of the lighting described is general lighting (eg, downlights, floodlights, spotlights, and other general residential or commercial lighting products). Therefore, there remains a need to provide more efficient lighting.

Solid state light emitters (eg, light emitting diodes) have received much attention due to their energy efficiency. Incandescent light bulbs are notoriously energy-hungry light sources - approximately 90% of the electricity they consume is released as heat rather than light. Fluorescent lights are much more efficient than incandescent lights (about 10 times) but still not as effective as solid state light emitters, such as LEDs.

Additionally, incandescent light bulbs have a relatively short lifespan, typically on the order of 750-1000 hours, compared to the normal lifespan of solid state light emitters, such as light emitting diodes. In comparison, for example, light emitting diodes have a typical lifetime of 50,000-70,000 hours. Fluorescent lights have a longer lifespan than incandescent lights (eg, 10,000-20,000 hours), but offer poorer color reproduction. The typical lifetime of a conventional fixture is approximately 20 years, corresponding to at least approximately 44,000 hours of use of the lighting device (based on 6 hours of daily use for 20 years). Light fixtures with illuminants have a shorter lifetime than fixtures and therefore need to be replaced periodically. The need to replace luminaires is particularly impactful when access is difficult (eg, vaulted ceilings, bridges, high-rise buildings, traffic tunnels) and/or renewal costs are high.

General lighting devices are usually rated according to their color reproduction. Color rendering index (ColorRenderingIndex, CRIRa) is generally used to measure color reproduction. CRIRa is the corrected average of relative measurements of how the color rendering of an illumination system differs from that of a reference radiator when illuminated by 8 reference colors, i.e. relative measurements. CRIRa equals 100 if the color coordinates of a set of test colors irradiated by the lighting system are the same as those of the same test colors irradiated by the reference radiator.

Daylight has a high CRI (Ra about 100), incandescent lights are very close to daylight (Ra > 95), and fluorescent lights are less accurate (typically Ra 70-80). Certain types of professional lighting have very low CRIs (for example, mercury vapor or sodium lamps have an Ra as low as 40 or even lower). Sodium lamps, if used to illuminate highways, have significantly lower driver response times due to lower CRIRa (legibility decreases with lower CRIRa for any given brightness).

The color of visible light output by an illuminant and/or the color of blended visible light output by a plurality of illuminants can be represented on the 1931 CIE (Commission International de I'Eclairage) chromaticity diagram or on the 1976 CIE chromaticity diagram. Those skilled in the art are familiar with these diagrams and are readily available (eg, by searching the Internet for "CIE Chromaticity Diagram").

The CIE chromaticity diagram plots human color perception in terms of two CIE parameters x and y (in the example of the 1931 diagram) or u' and v' (in the example of the 1976 diagram). Each point (ie, color point) on each graph corresponds to a specific color. See, for example, "Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology", vol. 7, 230-231, Robert AMeyersed., 1987, for a technical description of the CIE chromaticity diagram. Spectral colors are distributed around the edges of contour space, which includes all colors perceivable by the human eye. Boundary lines represent the maximum saturation of spectral colors.

The 1931 CIE Chromaticity Diagram can be used to define a color as a weighted sum of different hues. The 1976 CIE chromaticity diagram is similar to the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram, with the difference that similar distances in the 1976 chromaticity diagram represent similar perceived color differences.

In the 1931 diagram, x,y coordinates can be used to represent the shift from a point on the diagram (ie the color point), or to give an indication of the degree of perceived color difference, MacAdam ellipses (MacAdamellipses) can be used to represent the deviation from the point on the diagram. The offset of a point on the graph. For example, the locus of multiple loci, defined as being 10 MacAdam ellipses away from a specific hue defined by a specific set of coordinates on the 1931 map, consists of multiple hues that are perceived to be the same distance from that specific hue (And the same is true for locus loci defined as other numbers of MacAdam ellipses away from a particular hue). The human eye is generally able to distinguish hues that are more than 7 MacAdam ellipses apart from each other (but cannot distinguish hues that are 7 or fewer MacAdam ellipses apart from each other).

Since similar distances on the 1976 map represent similar perceived color differences, an offset from a point on the 1976 map can be expressed in terms of coordinates u' and v', e.g. distance to the point = (Δu' ² + Δv' ² ) ^1/2 . This formula gives values corresponding to the distances between the respective points on a scale of coordinates u' and v'. And a hue defined by the locus of points at the same distance from a specific color point is composed of a plurality of hues each having the same degree of perceptual difference as the specific color point.

The series of points typically presented on a CIE diagram may be referred to as a black body locus. The chromaticity coordinates (that is, the color point) along the blackbody locus follow the Planck formula E(λ)=Aλ ^-5 /(e ^(B/T) -1), where E is the emission intensity and λ is Emission wavelength, T is the color temperature of the blackbody, and A and B are constants. The 1976 CIE diagram includes a list of temperatures along the blackbody locus. The temperature list shows the color locus of the blackbody radiation source that caused the temperature rise. When a heated object begins to emit visible light, it first emits a reddish light, then a yellowish light, then a white light, and finally a bluish light. This happens because the wavelength associated with the peak radiation of a blackbody radiation source shortens with increasing temperature, in accordance with the Wien Displacement Law. Thus, color temperature can be used to describe illuminants that emit light that is on or near the black body locus.

For example, the emission spectrum of any particular LED is generally centered on a single wavelength (determined by the composition and structure of the LED), which is suitable for some applications but not for others (for example, to provide lighting, such The emission spectrum provides very low CRIRa).

In many cases (e.g., lighting fixtures for general lighting), the desired light output is of a different color than that output by a single solid-state light emitter; therefore, in some of the above cases, two or more types A combination of solid-state light emitters that emit different shades of light. Where such combinations are used, it is generally desirable to have a certain degree of uniformity in the light output from the lighting device, ie to reduce the color variation of the light emitted by the lighting device at a certain minimum distance. For example, "pixelation" may need to be reduced or eliminated at a specific distance (e.g., 18 inches) from the lighting device (e.g., by holding up a white The light emitted by illuminants with different hues is fully mixed; wherein, the "pixel" refers to the difference in visual perception of hue existing in the output light.

The most common type of general lighting is white light (or near white light), ie light close to the black body locus, eg within about 10 MacAdam ellipses of the black body locus on the 1931 CIE chromaticity diagram. Even though some of the light within the ten MacAdam ellipses of the blackbody locus is colored to some extent, such light adjacent to the blackbody locus is often referred to as "white" light in terms of its illumination; for example, although light from an incandescent bulb sometimes has a golden or Reddish tint, but call it "white"; likewise, if you exclude light with a correlated color temperature of 1500K or less, then you exclude very red light along the blackbody locus.

Because human-perceivable white light must be a mixture of two or more colors (wavelengths) of light, it is not possible to modify a single LED node to emit white light.

"White" solid state light emitting lamps are produced by providing a device that mixes light of different colors, for example, by using light emitting diodes that each emit light of a different color, and/or by using light emitting materials to process some or all of the light emitted by the light emitting diodes. Conversion produces a "white" solid state light emitting lamp. For example, it is known that some lamps (called "RGB lamps") use red, green, and blue LEDs, while others use (1) one or more LEDs that generate Light from the diode excites an emissive material (for example, one or more phosphormaterials) that produces yellow light, which, when mixed with blue and yellow light, produces white light, which humans perceive.

When more efficient white lighting is required, it is often desirable to have more efficient lighting in all shades.

Therefore, there is a need for high efficacy light sources that combine the efficiency and long life of solid state light emitters with good color mixing.

Contents of the invention

In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a lighting device comprising at least a first multi-chip light emitter and a second multi-chip light emitter.

As used herein, the expression "multi-chip light emitter" (for example, in the expression "a first multi-chip light emitter and a second multi-chip light emitter") includes:

(1) A set of at least two solid state light emitters, wherein the distance between each solid state light emitter in the set and at least one of the other solid state light emitters in the set does not exceed the largest dimension of one of the solid state light emitters in the set ( That is, for each solid state light emitter, the minimum distance between a point on the solid state light emitter in the group and a point on another (or other) solid state light emitter is no greater than one of the solid state light emitters in the group the maximum distance between two points on );

(2) A set of at least two solid state light emitters, wherein the maximum distance between any point on a solid state light emitter in the first set and a point on another (or other) solid state light emitter in the set does not exceed the specified About 50% (in some cases, no more than about 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 2%) of the distance between the solid state light emitters in the first group and the solid state light emitters in the second group %), where the second group has at least two solid state light emitters; and

(3) A group of at least two solid state light emitters, wherein at least 50 percent (in some cases at least 60 percent, 70 percent, 80 percent, 90 percent, 95 percent, or 98 percent) of the light emitted by the solid state light emitters in the group ) through the first lens (eg, TIR lens).

A multi-chip light emitter may consist of (or may consist essentially of) two or more solid state light emitters, or it may contain two or more solid state light emitters (for example, it may contain two or more solid state light emitters and A solid state light emitter support member (and optionally one or more other structures)) to which two or more solid state light emitters are mounted may also optionally be included.

In some embodiments of the lighting device of the present invention, in each of at least two multi-chip light emitters comprised by the lighting device, one or more solid state light emitters emit various hues within seven MacAdam ellipses Light, that is, emits various hues that cannot be distinguished by the ordinary human eye.

It has been found that surprisingly efficient color mixing (and thus an emitted light beam with unexpectedly good color uniformity) can be achieved by spatially offsetting one or more multi-chip light emitters, so that the solid state light emitters on different light emitters can be oriented differently with respect to other solid state light emitters on each multi-chip light emitter; wherein the different light emitters emit various shades of light.

In some embodiments of the lighting device of the present invention, two or more multi-chip luminaires have a similar layout, but at least one multi-chip luminaire is offset relative to one or more other multi-chip luminaires, e.g. , by rotating one or more of the multi-chip light emitters about an axis approximately perpendicular to the emitting surface (eg, by 180 degrees, or by 190 degrees, or by other degrees).

In some embodiments, one or more collimating total internal reflection (TIR) lenses may be employed. The benefits of color mixing provided by the present invention are extraordinary because although a lenslet array (lenslet) on the surface of the lens will not achieve sufficient color mixing by itself, making a multi-chip light emitter as described herein Offset then enables excellent color mixing.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided a lighting device comprising:

at least a first multi-chip light emitter and a second multi-chip light emitter,

The first multi-chip light emitter includes at least a first solid state light emitter and a second solid state light emitter,

the second multi-chip light emitter includes at least a third solid state light emitter and a fourth solid state light emitter,

said first solid state light emitter emits light of a first hue,

the second solid state light emitter emits light of a second hue,

the third solid state light emitter emits a third shade of light,

the fourth solid state light emitter emits light of a fourth hue,

The number of MacAdam ellipses that distinguish said first hue from said third hue is less than the number of MacAdam ellipses that distinguish each other from:

said first hue is distinct from said second hue,

said first hue is distinct from said fourth hue,

said second hue is distinct from said third hue,

said second hue is distinct from said fourth hue, or

said third hue is distinct from said fourth hue,

The first solid state light emitter is spatially offset (as defined herein) by at least 10 degrees relative to the third solid state light emitter.

In some of the above embodiments, which may or may not contain any other features described herein, assuitable, the first multi-chip light emitter, the second multi-chip light emitter, the third multi-chip light emitter and Each of the fourth multi-chip light emitters has a similar layout.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided a lighting device comprising:

at least a first multi-chip light emitter, a second multi-chip light emitter and a third multi-chip light emitter,

The first multi-chip light emitter includes at least a first solid state light emitter, a second solid state light emitter, a third solid state light emitter, and a fourth solid state light emitter,

The second multi-chip light emitter includes at least a fifth solid state light emitter, a sixth solid state light emitter, a seventh solid state light emitter, and an eighth solid state light emitter,

The third multi-chip light emitter includes at least a ninth solid state light emitter, a tenth solid state light emitter, an eleventh solid state light emitter, and a twelfth solid state light emitter,

said first solid state light emitter emits light of a first hue,

the second solid state light emitter emits light of a second hue,

the fifth solid state light emitter emits a fifth shade of light,

the sixth solid state light emitter emits light of a sixth hue,

the ninth solid state light emitter emits light of a ninth hue,

the tenth solid state light emitter emits a tenth shade of light,

said first hue differs from said fifth hue by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

said first shade differs from said ninth shade by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

said fifth shade differs from said ninth shade by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

said first hue differs from each of said second, sixth and tenth shades by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

said fifth shade differs from each of said second, sixth, and tenth shades by more than seven MacAdam ellipses,

said ninth shade differs from each of said second, sixth, and tenth shades by more than seven MacAdam ellipses,

Any solid state light emitter in the second multi-chip light emitter has a hue that differs from the first hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, wherein any solid state light emitter in the second multichip light emitter is opposite to The spatial offset from the first solid state light emitter is less than 10 degrees.

In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a solid state light emitter support member comprising:

first zone, and

at least a first protrusion, a second protrusion and a third protrusion extending from the first region,

a first radius extending along the first protrusion from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member,

a second radius extending from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member along the second protrusion, and

a third radius extending from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member along the third protrusion,

The first, second, and third radii are at least 30% longer than each of the following radii:

a fourth radius extending from the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member to a first location on an edge of the solid state light emitter support member, wherein the first location is between the first protrusion and between the second protrusions,

a fifth radius extending from the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member to a second location on an edge of the solid state light emitter support member, wherein the second location is between the second protrusion and between the third protrusions, and

a sixth radius extending from the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member to a third location on an edge of the solid state light emitter support member, wherein the third location is between the third protrusion and between the first protrusions.

The solid state light emitter support members described above are particularly useful in constructing lighting devices according to the present invention.

In another aspect of the invention there is provided a lighting device comprising:

at least a first housing member, and

A device that emits light approximately uniformly.

The invention can be more fully understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description of the invention.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded view of various components of a lighting device 10;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the lighting elements included in the lighting device 10;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of lighting device 10;

Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of an alternative lighting element 40;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an alternative multi-chip light emitter 50;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an alternative multi-chip light emitter 60;

7 is a schematic diagram of a first multi-chip light emitter 70 and a second multi-chip light emitter 71;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a prototype with 7 multi-chip light emitters used in an example;

Fig. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of an optical element employable in a lighting device according to the present invention;

Figure 10 is an enlarged view of the entrance surface (entrysurface) portion of the optical element;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram when looking down from the inside of the optical element to the bottom of the optical element;

Figures 12, 13 and 14 are schematic diagrams of the operation of optical components (optic) when using different trajectories of rays (lightray);

Figure 15 is a side cross-sectional view of an optical element employable in a lighting device according to the present invention;

Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of the deformation of the entrance surface of various embodiments of the optical component.

detailed description

The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. However, the invention should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items

The terminology used herein is for describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the present invention. As used the singular form "a" is used to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates that it also includes the plural. It will also be understood that the terms "comprising" and/or "comprising" when used in this specification describe the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, units and/or elements, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other Features, integers, steps, operations, units, elements and/or combinations thereof.

When an element such as a layer, region or substrate is referred to herein as being "on", "mounted on", "mounted to" or "extending beyond" another element, When "on", it can also be in or on other units, and/or it can also be directly on other units, and/or it can extend directly on other units, and it can be in direct contact with other units or Indirect contact (for example, there may be intervening units). In contrast, when an element is referred to herein as being "directly on" or "directly extending over" another element, there are no intervening elements present. Also, when an element is referred to herein as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to herein as being "directly connected" or "directly coupled" to another element, there are no intervening elements present. In addition, the expression that the first element is "on" the second element is synonymous with the expression that the second element is "on" the first element.

The expression "contacting" as used herein means that a first structure "contacting" a second structure may directly contact the second structure or indirectly contact the second structure. The expression "indirect contact" means that the first structure is not in direct contact with the second structure, but there are a plurality of structures (including the first structure and the second structure), each of which is in contact with at least one of the plurality of structures One other structure is in direct contact (eg, a first structure and a second structure are stacked and separated by one or more intervening layers). The expression "in direct contact" as used in this specification means that a first structure in direct contact with a second structure touches the second structure, and at least in some locations, there is no intervening structure between the first and second structures.

As used herein, the expression that two parts of a device are "electrically connected" means that there is no electrical connection between the parts that would materially affect the function provided by the device. For example, two parts can be considered to be electrically connected, even though there may be a small resistance between them, which does not inherently affect the function provided by the device (in fact, a wire connecting two parts can be considered as a small resistance); likewise, two parts may be considered to be electrically connected, even though there may be additional electronic parts between them that enable the device to perform additional functions without materially affecting the functions provided by the device, said device being incompatible with the The function of a device including additional parts is the same; likewise, two parts are electrically connected if they are connected directly to each other or directly to opposite ends of a wire or trace on a circuit board or other medium. Here, a distinction can be made between the statement that two components in a device are "electrically connected" and two devices "directly electrically connected", the latter meaning that no electrical component is present between the two components.

Although the terms "first", "second", etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, elements, regions, layers, sections and/or parameters, these elements, elements, regions, layers, sections and/or parameters should not be construed by These terms are limited. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, element, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Thus, a first element, element, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, element, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the present invention.

Relative terms such as "lower", "bottom", "beneath", "upper", "top" or "above" may be used herein to describe one element's relationship to another as shown in the drawings. These relative terms are also intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to those depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as being on the "lower" side of other elements would then be oriented on the "upper" side of the other elements. Thus, depending on the particular orientation of the drawings, the exemplary term "lower" can encompass both an orientation of "upper" and "lower". Likewise, if the device in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" the other elements would then be oriented "above" the other elements. Thus, the exemplary terms "below" or "under" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. Assuming a structure is in an upright orientation, the expressions "top", "middle" and "bottom" are used herein to describe the array of components within the structure; where "toprow" refers to the array The row (of each component within the array) that is above the other rows, the "bottom row" refers to the row (of each component within the array) that is below the other rows in the array, and the "middle row" refers to the row between the top row and the One or more rows between the bottom row .

As used herein, the expression "lights" (or "is illuminated"), when referring to a solid state light emitter, means that at least some electrical current is provided to the solid state light emitter to cause the solid state light emitter to emit at least some electromagnetic radiation (e.g., visible light ). The expression "lit" includes the following situations: when the solid-state light emitter continuously emits electromagnetic radiation or emits electromagnetic radiation intermittently at a rate so that the human eye perceives it as continuously or intermittently emitting electromagnetic radiation; or when the same color or different colors Multiple solid state light emitters intermittently and/or alternately emitting electromagnetic radiation (with or without overlapping in time) such that the human eye perceives them as continuously or intermittently emitting (and, in the case of emitting different colors, as separate color or a mixture of those colors).

The expression "excited" as used herein, when referring to a luminescent material, means that at least some electromagnetic radiation (eg, visible, ultraviolet, or infrared light) comes into contact with the luminescent material, causing the luminescent material to emit at least some light. The expression "excited" includes the case where the luminescent material emits light continuously or intermittently at a rate so that the human eye perceives it as continuous or intermittent luminescence, or a plurality of luminescent materials of the same color or different colors emits light intermittently and/or alternately (continuous with or without overlapping in time) so that the human eye perceives it as a constant or intermittent glow (and in the case of different colors of light, as a mixture of those colors).

The expression "adjacent" as used herein refers to the spatial relationship between the first structure and the second structure, meaning that the first structure and the second structure are close to each other. In other words, when structures described as being "adjacent" to each other are similar, there are no other similar structures disposed between the first structure and the second structure (for example, when two dissipation elements are adjacent to each other, in There are no other dissipative parts in between). When structures described as being "adjacent" to each other are not similar, no other structures are disposed between them.

For example, the expression "(at least in part) defined" as used in the expression "a mixing chamber is (at least in part) defined by a mixing chamber element" means that an element or feature defined "at least in part" by a particular structure is defined entirely by that structure, or Defined by this feature in combination with one or more additional features.

The expression "lighting device" used here does not have any limitation except that it is capable of emitting light. That is, lighting equipment can illuminate a certain area or volume (such as buildings, swimming pools or spa areas, rooms, warehouses, direction lights (indicators), roads, parking lots, vehicles, signs, road markings, billboards, large ships, toys, mirrors, etc. , containers, electronic equipment, boats, aircraft, sports fields, computers, remote audio devices, remote video devices, cellular phones, trees, windows, LCD displays, caves, tunnels, yards, lampposts, etc.), Or a device or series of devices that illuminate the surrounding space, or devices for edge lighting or back lighting (such as backlit advertisements, signs, LCD displays), light bulb replacements (such as replacing AC incandescent lamps, low voltage lamps, fluorescent lamps, etc.) , luminaires for exterior lighting, luminaires for security lighting, luminaires for exterior lighting of dwellings (wall, post/pole), ceiling luminaires/sconces, under-cabinet lighting, lamps (floor and/or dining table and/or desk), landscape lighting, track lighting, task lighting, specialty lighting, ceiling fan lighting, archival/art display lighting, high vibration/impact lighting - work lights, etc., mirror/ Vanity lighting (mirrois/vanitylighting) or any other lighting device.

As used herein (for example, in the expression "one or more solid state light emitters may be mounted on a first surface of a solid state light emitter support member") the term "surface" includes areas that are planar or substantially planar, as well as regions that are substantially uneven. area. For the substantially uneven region, at least 70% of the surface area of the region fits between a first plane and a second plane; wherein the first plane and the second plane are parallel to each other and mutually The separation distance does not exceed 50% of the largest dimension of the area. For the generally uneven area, there are no two or more of the following sub-areas within the area: (1) each sub-area contains at least 5% of the surface area of the area, (2) at least 85% of the first sub-area % of the surface area is contained between a third plane and a fourth plane, wherein the third plane and the fourth plane are parallel to each other and separated from each other by a distance not exceeding 25% of the largest dimension of the first sub-region, and (3) At least 85% of the surface area of the second subregion is accommodated between the fifth plane and the sixth plane, wherein the fifth plane and the sixth plane are (i) parallel to each other, (ii) separated from each other The distance does not exceed 25% of the largest dimension of the second sub-region, and (iii) the fifth and sixth planes define an angle of at least 30 degrees with respect to the third and fourth planes.

As used herein, the expression "BSY solid state light emitter" means a solid state light emitter that emits light having x,y color coordinates that define points within:

(1) The area enclosed by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments on the 1931CIE chromaticity diagram, where the first line segment connects the first point and the second point, and the second line segment connects the second point and the third point, the third line segment connects the third point and the fourth point, the fourth line segment connects the fourth point and the fifth point, and the fifth line segment connects the fifth point and the first point; the x and y coordinates of the first point are 0.32, 0.40, the x, y coordinates of the second point are 0.36, 0.48, the x, y coordinates of the third point are 0.43, 0.45, the x, y coordinates of the fourth point are 0.42, 0.42, and the x, y coordinates of the fifth point are y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38; and/or

(2) The area enclosed by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments on the 1931CIE chromaticity diagram, where the first line segment connects the first point and the second point, and the second line segment connects the second point and the third point, the third line segment connects the third point and the fourth point, the fourth line segment connects the fourth point and the fifth point, and the fifth line segment connects the fifth point and the first point; the x and y coordinates of the first point are 0.29, 0.36, the x, y coordinates of the second point are 0.32, 0.35, the x, y coordinates of the third point are 0.41, 0.43, the x, y coordinates of the fourth point are 0.44, 0.49, and the x, y coordinates of the fifth point are The y coordinates are 0.38, 0.53.

The expression "approximately uniform light" is used here to mean that if the surface area of the beam is divided into 100 approximately square (except areas at the beam edges) areas of equal surface area, the hue of each area is comparable to that of the other The hues of the regions differ from each other by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses. wherein said light beam is divided at a distance of six times the surface diameter of the lighting device along an axis perpendicular to an emission plane of the lighting device (which is defined below); the light is emitted by said lighting device.

The invention also relates to an illuminated enclosure (the volume of which may be illuminated uniformly or non-uniformly), comprising an enclosed space and at least one lighting device according to the invention, wherein the lighting device (uniformly or non-uniformly) illuminates at least a portion of the enclosed space.

Some embodiments of the invention comprise at least a first power cord, and some embodiments of the invention relate to structures comprising a surface and at least one lighting device corresponding to any of the lighting devices according to the invention described herein. Embodiments; wherein the lighting device illuminates at least a portion of the surface if power is supplied to the first power cord, and/or if at least one solid state light emitter within the lighting device is illuminated.

The invention also relates to an area to be irradiated comprising at least one item selected from the group consisting of: building, swimming pool or spa area, warehouse, indicator, road surface, parking lot, vehicle, sign, road surface Signs, Billboards, Large Ships, Toys, Mirrors, Containers, Electronics, Boats, Aircraft, Sports Fields, Computers, Remote Audio Devices, Remote Video Devices, Cellular Phones, Trees, Windows, LCD Displays, Caves, Tunnels , yard, lamppost, etc., in or on which at least one lighting device as described herein is installed.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including scientific and technical terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It should be further understood that those terms as defined in conventionally used dictionaries will be interpreted to have meanings consistent with their meanings in the relevant fields and in the context of the present invention, and will not be idealized or overly formalized unless explicitly defined herein. (formal sense) level understanding. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that a structure or feature that is referred to as being "adjacent" to another feature may partially overlap or underlie the adjacent feature.

As noted above, in one aspect of the invention there is provided a lighting device comprising at least a first multi-chip light emitter and a second multi-chip light emitter, the first multi-chip light emitter comprising at least a first solid state light emitter and a second solid state light emitter. A light emitter, the second multi-chip light emitter includes at least a third solid state light emitter and a fourth solid state light emitter.

In some of the above embodiments, where appropriate, which may or may not include any other features described herein, the first solid state light emitter is spatially offset by at least 10 degrees relative to the third solid state light emitter.

As used herein (for example, in the expression "a first solid state light emitter is spatially offset by at least 10 degrees relative to a third solid state light emitter") the expression "spatially offset by at least a certain angle" means that (1) The first multi-chip light emitter (which is "spatially offset" relative to the second multi-chip light emitter) and the second multi-chip light emitter have a similar layout (which is defined below), and the first multi-chip light emitter is relatively Rotate the second multi-chip light emitter by at least 10 degrees (rotation about an axis approximately perpendicular to its plane of emission), or (2) assume that the first light emitter (comprising the first solid state light emitter) (relative to the body's second illuminant) so that it is in an orientation necessary to tilt (tiite), where the minimum amount is measured in terms of the angle of rotation of a plane defined by any three points within the first illuminant; at that orientation , the (A) first plane containing the first ray is parallel to the (B) second plane containing the second ray defined to extend from the center of gravity (point 1) of the first illuminant to the first solid-state luminescent solid state light emitter (point 2), the second ray is defined as extending from the second solid state light emitter's center of gravity (point 3) to the third solid state light emitter's center of gravity (point 4). Wherein, the direction of the first ray (i.e., the ray defined as extending from point 1 to point 2) is opposite to the direction of the second ray (i.e., the ray defined as extending from point 3 to point 4) at at least the specified angle the difference.

In other words, in the second definition stated in the preceding paragraph, for such devices as follows, it is not necessary for the first plane to be inclined if it is to be parallel to the second plane. In this device, the center of gravity of the first light emitter (including the first solid state light emitter) and the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter are in the first plane, and the center of gravity of the second light emitter (including the third solid state light emitter) and The center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter is in a second plane, and the first plane is coplanar with the second plane; the first plane contains the center of gravity defined to extend from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter. , the second plane contains the second ray defined as extending from the center of gravity of the second light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter, and the first light rays (i.e., extending from the center of gravity of the first light emitter to A ray at the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter) defines at least the specified angle (e.g., at least 10 degrees) angle.

On the other hand (referring again to the second definition of "spatially offset" stated above), for (for example) such a device in which a substantially planar first illuminant (which contains a first solid state light emitter) and a second substantially planar light emitter (which contains a third solid state light emitter) are mounted on a partially spherical housing (i.e., the shape obtained by cutting away a portion of a sphere), and the substantially The flat first and second illuminants are spaced from each other (for example, one-eighth of a sphere (ie, 45 degrees), or one-twelfth of a sphere (ie, 30 degrees)); The ray (ie, the ray extending from the center of gravity of the first light emitter to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter) relative to the second ray (ie, the ray extending from the center of gravity of the second light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter) Before the defined angle, the first illuminant must first be conceptually inclined (relative to the second illuminant) by the necessary minimum amount so as to be in an orientation in which the first plane can be defined to contain the second ray parallel to the plane (i.e., the second plane), the angle defined by the first ray relative to the second ray can then be measured and compared to the minimum specified angle; wherein the first plane contains The first light rays extending from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter, and the second light rays refer to the light rays extending from the center of gravity of the second light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter.

The multi-chip light emitters discussed below apply to multi-chip light emitters that may be included in any lighting device according to the present invention.

A multi-chip light emitter includes two or more solid state light emitters arranged in any suitable manner. As noted above, a multi-chip light emitter may consist of (or may consist essentially of) two or more solid state light emitters, or it may contain two or more solid state light emitters (e.g., it may contain two or more body, and optionally further comprising a solid state light emitter support member (or support members); wherein two or more solid state light emitters (and optionally one or more other structures) are mounted on said solid state light emitter on the support member). For multi-chip light emitters that include one or more solid state light emitter support members, the solid state light emitter support member (or multiple solid state light emitter support members) can be made of any suitable material and can be of any suitable shape. Those skilled in the art are familiar with the various materials (and combinations of materials) from which the above-described solid state light emitter support members can be made, as well as the shapes that the above-described support members can be formed; In any of the above materials (and combinations of materials) and shapes. Any of the aforementioned solid state light emitter support members may contain electrical contacts and/or conductive areas, if desired. In some embodiments where one or more solid state light emitter support members are provided, the support member (or support members) may be a circuit board (eg, a metal core circuit board or FR4 board with thermal vias).

In some embodiments, two or more multi-chip light emitters may be mounted on a single solid state light emitter support member. In the above embodiments, the single or multiple solid state light emitter support members may be as described above. In some embodiments, for example, all multi-chip light emitters contained within a lighting fixture may be mounted on a single solid state light emitter support member.

As noted above, in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solid state light emitter support member comprising a first region and a protrusion extending from the first region.

In some embodiments according to this aspect of the invention, the above-mentioned first region of the support member may consist of, or may contain, the central region of the support member.

Embodiments according to this aspect of the invention may include any suitable number of protrusions.

In some embodiments according to this aspect of the invention, the ratio of the lengths of the respective radii extending from the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member and along the at least one protrusion to the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member at At least one radius on an edge of the solid state light emitter support member between two protrusions is at least 30% longer (in some embodiments at least 40% longer, at least 50% longer, at least 60% longer or more).

The present invention also provides a lighting element comprising a solid state light emitter support member and at least one multi-chip light emitter, the solid state light emitter support member comprising a first region and a protrusion extending from the first region, the at least one multichip light emitting The body is mounted on at least one of said protrusions. In some of the above-described embodiments of lighting devices, a multi-chip light emitter may be mounted on each protrusion (in some of the above-described embodiments, two or more multi-chip light emitters may have a similar layout).

The multi-chip light emitter can be configured (when powered) to emit any suitable hue of light. For example, in some embodiments, one or more multi-chip light emitters may emit light that is perceived as white light when mixed together. In some embodiments, one or more multi-chip light emitters may emit blue, green, yellow, orange, red, or other colors or shades of light.

In some embodiments of a lighting device according to the invention, each multi-chip light emitter within the lighting device is configured (when powered) to emit light of approximately the same hue when mixed together (eg, in a particular hue within 7 MacAdam ellipses; in some embodiments within 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or 1 MacAdam ellipses). In some embodiments of lighting devices according to the invention, at least one multi-chip light emitter within the lighting device is configured (when powered) to have a hue that is different from at least one other when the emitted light is mixed together. The hue (when mixed together) of the light emitted by multi-chip emitters.

Any desired combination of solid state light emitters can be included in any multi-chip light emitter. For example, in some embodiments, one or more of the multi-chip light emitters may contain three BSY solid state light emitters and one red solid state light emitter (e.g., one or more of the multi-chip light emitters may contain only these four light emitters (and optionally other configurations, but no other solid state light emitters)). As used herein, the expression "red solid state light emitter" means a solid state light emitter that emits red light (in other words, wherever a color is used herein to refer to a solid state light emitter, the solid state light emitter is identified as emitting light when energized). solid-state light emitter of light of that color). In some embodiments, one or more of the multi-chip light emitters may comprise:

Two BSY solid state light emitters and two red solid state light emitters (for example, one or more multichip light emitters may contain only these four solid state light emitters);

One red, two green, and one blue solid state light emitter (for example, one or more multichip light emitters may contain only these four solid state light emitters); or

One red, one green, one blue, and one white solid-state light (for example, one or more multi-chip solid-state light emitters may contain only these four solid-state light emitters).

Similarly, any multi-chip light emitter may contain other combinations of solid state light emitters and other numbers of solid state light emitters (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 25, 50, 100 solid state light emitters, etc.), which may be arranged in any suitable pattern.

In some embodiments, the solid state light emitters on one or more multi-chip light emitters are arranged in a 2x2 array, a 2x3 array, a 3x3 array, etc. In some embodiments, a multi-chip light emitter may be associated with an annular or substantially annular region of a lighting device (or multiple multi-chip light emitters may be associated with multiple annular or substantially annular regions of a lighting device), This may have implications for the suitability of a particular array of solid state light emitters. For example, an array of solid state light emitters in a 3×3 arrangement with additional solid state light emitters approximately midway along each side of the array (i.e., 13 total solid state light emitters); Use in a circular area slightly greater than five times the width of each solid state light emitter; or an array comprising a 3×3 array of solid state light emitters with (i.e., a total of 21 solid state light emitters, with the top row containing 3 solid state light emitters, the three middle rows containing 5 solid state light emitters each, and the bottom row containing 3 solid state light emitters), which This array is suitable for use in a larger annular area.

Each solid state light emitter may be oriented in any suitable manner; for example, each solid state light emitter in a multi-chip light emitter may be oriented so that the light emitting surfaces of each of them are parallel (or coplanar) to each other; alternatively, any of the above solid state light emitters may be oriented body so that the emitting surface of any of the aforementioned solid state light emitters is otherwise oriented (i.e., its emitting surface is not parallel or coplanar with one or more emitting surfaces of other solid state light emitters in the multi-chip light emitter).

Any suitable combination of multi-chip light emitters and any suitable number of multi-chip light emitters (for example, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 25 or more) may be employed in a lighting device according to the present invention. , 50 or more, 100 or more multi-chip light emitters), and the multi-chip light emitters may be arranged in any suitable pattern.

In some embodiments, a multi-chip light emitter may be associated with an annular or substantially annular region (eg, an annular light emitting surface) of a lighting device, which may have implications for the suitability of a particular array of multi-chip light emitters. The particular array is for example: top row with 2 multi-chip emitters, middle row with 3 multi-chip emitters, and bottom row with 2 multi-chip emitters (Figures 1 and 3 depict this arrangement).

In some embodiments, there is provided a lighting device comprising at least a first multi-chip light emitter and a second multi-chip light emitter,

a first multi-chip light emitter comprising at least a first solid state light emitter and a second solid state light emitter,

The second multi-chip light emitter includes at least a third solid state light emitter and a fourth solid state light emitter,

a first solid state light emitter emits light of a first hue,

a second solid state light emitter emits light of a second hue,

a third solid state light emitter emits light of a third hue,

a fourth solid state light emitter emitting light of a fourth hue,

the primary hue differs from the tertiary hue by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses (for example, 6 MacAdam ellipses, or 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 or 0 MacAdam ellipses),

the difference between the first hue and the second hue is more than 7 MacAdam ellipses (for example, 10 MacAdam ellipses, or 15, 20, 25, 30 or more MacAdam ellipses),

the difference between the first hue and the fourth hue is more than 7 MacAdam ellipses (for example, 10 MacAdam ellipses, or 15, 20, 25, 30 or more MacAdam ellipses),

The difference between the secondary and tertiary shades is more than 7 MacAdam ellipses (for example, 10 MacAdam ellipses, or 15, 20, 25, 30 or more MacAdam ellipses),

The difference between the second shade and the fourth shade is more than 7 MacAdam ellipses (for example, 10 MacAdam ellipses, or 15, 20, 25, 30 or more MacAdam ellipses), and

The tertiary hue differs from the fourth hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses (eg, 10 MacAdam ellipses, or 15, 20, 25, 30 or more MacAdam ellipses).

In some embodiments, there is provided a lighting device comprising two or more multi-chip light emitters each having a similar layout and each having at least first and second solid state light emitters; wherein the first solid state light emitter A hue of light emitted by the light emitter differs from a hue emitted by at least a second solid state light emitter by at least 7 MacAdam ellipses.

As used herein (for example, in the expression "in some embodiments, two or more multi-chip emitters having a similar layout may be provided") the expression "similar layout" means that orientable features are each a multi-chip light emitter, making:

In the case of multi-chip light emitters each having two solid state light emitters:

defined as rays from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter defining directions within 10 degrees of the first direction,

a ray defined from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter defines a direction within 10 degrees of the second direction,

defined as rays from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the third direction,

In a lighting apparatus, the first solid state light emitter of each multi-chip light emitter emits a hue of light that differs by no more than 7 McAdams from the hue emitted by the first solid state light emitter of each other multichip light emitter ellipse, and

In a lighting apparatus, the second solid state light emitter of each multi-chip light emitter differs by no more than 7 McAdams in a hue of light emitted by the second solid state light emitter of each other multichip light emitter oval.

In the case of multi-chip light emitters each having three solid state light emitters:

defined as rays from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter defining directions within 10 degrees of the first direction,

a ray defined from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter defines a direction within 10 degrees of the second direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the third direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the fourth direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the fifth direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the sixth direction,

the distance from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter is within 10% of the first distance,

the distance from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter is within 10% of the second distance,

the distance from the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter is within 10% of the third distance,

in the lighting device, the hue of light emitted by the first solid state light emitter of each multichip light emitter differs from the hue emitted by the first solid state light emitter of each other multichip light emitter by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

In the lighting device, the hue of light emitted by the second solid state light emitter of each multichip light emitter differs from the hue emitted by the second solid state light emitter of each other multichip light emitter by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, as well as

In the lighting fixture, a hue of light emitted by the third solid state light emitter of each multi-chip light emitter differs from a hue emitted by the third solid state light emitter of each of the other multichip light emitters by no more than seven MacAdam ellipses.

In the case of multi-chip light emitters each having four solid state light emitters:

defined as rays from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter defining directions within 10 degrees of the first direction,

a ray defined from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter defines a direction within 10 degrees of the second direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the third direction,

a ray defined from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the fourth solid state light emitter defines a direction within 10 degrees of the fourth direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the fifth direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the sixth direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the fourth solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the seventh direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the eighth direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the fourth solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the ninth direction,

rays defined from the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the fourth solid state light emitter define directions within 10 degrees of the tenth direction,

the distance from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter is within 10% of the first distance,

the distance from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter is within 10% of the second distance,

the distance from the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the fourth solid state light emitter is within 10% of the third distance,

the distance from the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter is within 10% of the fourth distance,

the distance from the center of gravity of the second solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the fourth solid state light emitter is within 10% of the fifth distance,

the distance from the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter to the center of gravity of the fourth solid state light emitter is within 10% of the sixth distance,

in the lighting device, the hue of light emitted by the first solid state light emitter of each multichip light emitter differs from the hue emitted by the first solid state light emitter of each other multichip light emitter by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

In the lighting device, the hue of light emitted by the second solid state light emitter of each multichip light emitter differs from the hue emitted by the second solid state light emitter of each other multichip light emitter by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

In the lighting device, the hue of light emitted by the third solid state light emitter of each multi-chip light emitter differs from the hue emitted by the third solid state light emitter of each other multichip light emitter by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, as well as

In the lighting fixture, a hue of light emitted by the fourth solid state light emitter of each multi-chip light emitter differs from a hue emitted by the fourth solid state light emitter of each of the other multichip light emitters by no more than seven MacAdam ellipses.

The same is true for multi-chip light emitters each having 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more solid state light emitters.

In the definition of "similar layout" above, the expression "couldbe oriented" means that, in determining whether two or more multichip emitters have a similar layout, one or more of the multichip emitters can be made to Conceptually tilt and/or rotate (to respective different degrees) to determine whether they meet the characteristics listed above as multi-chip light emitters with a similar layout. For example, a batch of identical multichip luminaries can be "orientable" even if they are all randomly mounted on different parts of the sphere (or jumbled in various orientations within a box) Light emitters (rotating and/or tilting), so as to meet all the above-mentioned features; wherein, the same multi-chip light emitter means that the same solid-state light emitters are arranged in the same pattern on each multi-chip light emitter.

As mentioned above, in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lighting device comprising:

at least a first multi-chip light emitter, a second multi-chip light emitter and a third multi-chip light emitter,

The first multi-chip light emitter includes at least a first solid state light emitter, a second solid state light emitter, a third solid state light emitter, and a fourth solid state light emitter,

The second multi-chip light emitter includes at least a fifth solid state light emitter, a sixth solid state light emitter, a seventh solid state light emitter, and an eighth solid state light emitter,

The third multi-chip light emitter includes at least a ninth solid state light emitter, a tenth solid state light emitter, an eleventh solid state light emitter, and a twelfth solid state light emitter,

a first solid state light emitter emits light of a first hue,

a second solid state light emitter emits light of a second hue,

a fifth solid state light emitter emitting light of a fifth hue,

The sixth solid state light emitter emits light of a sixth hue,

The ninth solid-state luminous body emits the light of the ninth hue,

The tenth solid state light emitter emits light of the tenth hue,

the first shade differs from the fifth shade by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

the first shade differs from the ninth shade by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

the fifth shade differs from the ninth shade by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

The first hue differs from each of the second, sixth, and tenth shades by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

the fifth shade differs from each of the second, sixth, and tenth shades by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

the ninth shade differs from each of the second, sixth, and tenth shades by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses,

The hue of any solid state light emitter in the second multi-chip light emitter differs from the first hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses; wherein any solid state light emitter in the second multichip light emitter is relative to the first solid state light emitter The offset in space is less than 10 degrees.

In some embodiments according to this aspect of the invention, any solid state light emitter in the second multi-chip light emitter has a hue that differs from the first hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses; wherein the second multi-chip light emitter Any of the luminaires are spatially offset from the first solid state light emitter by less than 80 degrees (in some embodiments less than 70 degrees, or in some embodiments less than 60 degrees, 50 degrees , 40 degrees, 30 degrees or 20 degrees).

In some embodiments according to this aspect of the invention, the lighting device includes at least four multi-chip light emitters having a similar layout; The upper offset is about 90 degrees (or about 180 degrees in some embodiments).

A multi-chip light emitter may be supported and oriented in any suitable manner. As noted above, one or more multi-chip light emitters may be mounted on one or more solid state light emitter support members (for example, all multi-chip light emitters within a lighting fixture may be mounted on a single solid state light emitter support member, the lighting fixture Each multi-chip light emitter within may be mounted on a separate solid state light emitter support structure (which in turn may be mounted on any suitable support structure), or any number of multi-chip light emitters may be mounted on supported on any number of solid state light emitter support members).

Each multi-chip light emitter may be oriented in any suitable manner. For example, each multi-chip emitter can be oriented so that its emission plane is parallel to the emission plane of one or more (or all) other multi-chip emitters; alternatively, any of the aforementioned multi-chip emitters can be oriented so that it is otherwise oriented Its emission plane (ie, not parallel or coplanar with the emission plane of one or more other multi-chip emitters).

As used herein, the expression "emission plane" (e.g., the emission plane of one or more (or all) other multi-chip emitters) means, (1) a plane perpendicular to the emission axis of the multi-chip emitter (e.g., in the In the case of a hemispherical emission, this plane will follow the flat part of the hemisphere; in the case of a conical light emission, this plane will be perpendicular to the axis of the cone), (2) with the maximum the plane perpendicular to the direction of luminous intensity (e.g., horizontal if the maximum luminescence is vertical), (3) the plane perpendicular to the mean direction of light emission (in other words, if the maximum intensity is at direction, and the strength of the second direction, which is at an angle of ten degrees to one side of the first direction, is greater than the strength of the third direction, which is at an angle of ten degrees to the opposite side of the first direction, then due to the strength of the second direction and the third direction intensity, the average intensity will move somewhat (somewhat) towards the second direction).

In some embodiments, one or more multi-chip light emitters (or at least one solid state light emitter) and/or a solid state light emitter support member (or at least one of the plurality of solid state light emitter support members) are removable.

The term "removable" as used herein means that an element (e.g., one or more multi-chip light emitting body, one or more solid state light emitters, or one or more solid state light emitter support members) are removable from the lighting device. For example, a multi-chip light emitter (or, two or more multi-chip light emitters) may be removed from a lighting device and Replaced by a replacement multi-chip light emitter (or, two or more replacement multi-chip light emitters), so that in addition to the multi-chip light emitter, lighting equipment with a replacement multi-chip light emitter (or, if the replacement multi-chip emitter is substantially the same as the previous multi-chip emitter, the entire lighting apparatus with the replacement multi-chip emitter is the same as the entire lighting fixture with the previous multi-chip emitter. The structure of the device is roughly the same).

In embodiments where one or more multi-chip light emitters (or at least one solid state light emitter) and/or the solid state light emitter support member (or at least one of the plurality of solid state light emitter support members) can be removed, various advantages are realized . For example, by providing the ability to replace one or more multi-chip emitters (or at least one solid state emitter) and/or a solid state emitter support member (or at least one of a plurality of solid state emitter support members), one or more solid state Luminaires can operate at higher temperatures (it will be appreciated that this higher temperature may reduce the life expectancy of the solid state light emitter, but the aforementioned solid state light emitter can be replaced if desired), which makes it possible to obtain Higher lumen output is possible (which may enable a reduction in initial equipment cost, since fewer luminaires are required to provide a given combination of lumen output), and/or reduce or even minimize Heat dissipation transfer (heatdissipationtransfer) and/or dissipative structures become possible.

The solid state light emitters discussed below apply to solid state light emitters that may be included in any multi-chip light emitter or lighting device according to the present invention.

A variety of solid state light emitters are familiar and readily available to those skilled in the art, and any suitable solid state light emitter may be employed in a multi-chip light emitter or lighting device according to the present invention. Representative examples of solid state light emitters include light emitting diodes (organic or inorganic, including polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs)) with or without emissive materials.

Those skilled in the art are familiar with and readily available various solid state light emitters that emit light having a desired peak emission wavelength and/or dominant emission wavelength; and any of the aforementioned solid state light emitters (discussed in detail below) or the aforementioned Any combination of solid state light emitters.

In any lighting device according to the present invention, the solid state light emitters may be of any suitable size, and any number of solid state light emitters of one or more sizes may be employed in the lighting device and/or in one or more multi-chip light emitters. (or various quantities) of solid state light emitters. In some cases, for example, a larger number of smaller solid state light emitters may replace a smaller number of larger solid state light emitters, or vice versa.

Light-emitting diodes are semiconductor devices that convert electrical current into light. A variety of light-emitting diodes are used in more and different fields for an ever-expanding range of purposes. More specifically, light-emitting diodes, semiconductor devices, emit light (ultraviolet, visible, or infrared) when there is a potential difference across the p-n junction structure. There are many known ways of making light emitting diodes and many related structures, any of which may be employed by the present invention.

Light-emitting diodes emit light by exciting electrons across the bandgap between the conduction band and valence band of the active (light-emitting) layer of a semiconductor. The wavelength of light produced by electronic transitions depends on the band gap. Thus, the color (wavelength) of light emitted by an LED and/or the type of electromagnetic radiation (eg, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, near-ultraviolet, etc., and any combination thereof) depends on the semiconductor material of the active layer of the LED.

The expression "light emitting diode" as used herein refers to the basic semiconductor diode structure (ie chip). "LEDs" are generally recognized and sold commercially, eg, in electronics stores, typically appearing as a "packaged" device consisting of multiple parts. These packaged devices generally include semiconductor-based light-emitting diodes, such as but not limited to various light-emitting diodes disclosed in US Pat.

Solid state light emitters according to the present invention may contain one or more luminescent materials, if desired.

Luminescent materials are materials that emit responsive radiation (eg, visible light) when excited by a source of exciting radiation. In many cases, the wavelength of the response radiation is different from the wavelength of the excitation radiation.

Luminescent materials can be divided into down-shifting materials or up-shifting materials; down-shifting materials convert photons into lower energy level (longer wavelength) materials, and up-shifting materials convert photons into higher energy level (shorter wavelength) materials.

One type of luminescent material is a phosphor known and readily available to those skilled in the art. Other examples of luminescent materials include scintillators, visible dayglow tapes, and inks that emit visible light upon exposure to ultraviolet light.

Those skilled in the art are familiar with and can readily obtain various luminescent materials that emit light having a desired peak emission wavelength and/or dominant emission wavelength, or a desired hue; if desired, any of the above luminescent material or any combination of the aforementioned luminescent materials.

The one or more emissive materials may be provided in any suitable form. For example, the luminescent material may be embedded in a resin (i.e., a polymer matrix), such as a silicone material, epoxy material, glass material, or metal oxide material; and/or the luminescent material may be applied to one or more surfaces of the resin to thereby Lumiphors are provided.

Representative examples of suitable solid state light emitters that may be used in the practice of the present invention, including suitable light emitting diodes, light emitting materials, light emitting phosphors, encapsulating materials, etc., are described in the following patent applications:

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/614,180 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0236911) filed December 21, 2006 (Law Firm Docket No. P0958;931-003NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/624,811 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0170447) filed January 19, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0961;931-006NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/751,982 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0274080) filed May 22, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0916;931-009NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/753,103 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0280624) filed May 24, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0918;931-010NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/751,990 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0274063) filed May 22, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0917;931-011NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/736,761 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0278934) filed April 18, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0963;931-012NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/936,163 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0106895) filed November 7, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0928;931-027NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/843,243 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0084685) filed August 22, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0922;931-034NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent No. 7,213,940 published on May 8, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0936; 931-035NP), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety;

U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,134, filed December 1, 2006, entitled "Lighting Apparatus and Method of Lighting" (Inventors: Antony Paul vande Ven and Gerald H. Negley; Law Firm Docket No. 931_035PRO), which The patent application is cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/948,021 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0130285) filed November 30, 2007 (law firm docket No. P0936US2;931-035NP2), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/475,850 (now published as Publication No. 2009-0296384) filed June 1, 2009 (Law Firm Docket No. P1021;931-035CIP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/870,679 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0089053) filed October 11, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0926;931-041NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/117,148 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0304261) filed May 8, 2008 (Law Firm Docket No. P0977;931-072NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/017,676 (now published as Publication No. 2009/0108269) filed January 22, 2008 (Law Firm Docket No. P0982;931-079NP), filed at This application is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In general, any number of colors of light can be mixed by the lighting device according to the invention. Representative examples of light color blending are described in the following patent applications:

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/613,714 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0139920) filed December 20, 2006 (Law Firm Docket No. P0959;931-004NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/613,733 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0137074) filed December 20, 2006 (Law Firm Docket No. P0960;931-005NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/736,761 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0278934) filed April 18, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0963;931-012NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/736,799 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0267983) filed April 18, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0964;931-013NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/737,321 (now published as Publication No. 2007/0278503) filed April 19, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0965;931-014NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/936,163 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0106895) filed November 7, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0928;931-027NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/117,122 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0304260) filed May 8, 2008 (Law Firm Docket No. P0945;931-031NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/117,131 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0278940) filed May 8, 2008 (Law Firm Docket No. P0946;931-032NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/117,136 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0278928) filed May 8, 2008 (Law Firm Docket No. P0947;931-033NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent No. 7,213,940 (Law Firm Docket No. P0936; 931-035NP) published on May 8, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety;

U.S. Patent Application No. 60/868,134, filed December 1, 2006, entitled "Lighting Apparatus and Method of Lighting" (Inventors: AntonyPaulvandeVen and GeraldH. Negley; Law Firm Docket No. 931_035PRO), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/948,021 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0130285) filed November 30, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0936US2;931-035NP2), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/475,850 (now published as Publication No. 2009-0296384) filed June 1, 2009 (Law Firm Docket No. P1021; 931-035CIP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/248,220 (now published as Publication No. 2009/0184616) filed October 9, 2008 (Law Firm Docket No. P0967;931-040NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/951,626 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0136313) filed December 6, 2007 (Law Firm Docket No. P0939;931-053NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/035,604 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0259589) filed February 22, 2008 (Law Firm Docket No. P0942;931-057NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/117,148 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0304261) filed May 8, 2008 (Law Firm Docket No. P0977;931-072NP), which is filed in this Cited in full in the application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 60/990,435, filed November 27, 2007, entitled "Warm White Lighting with High CRI and High Efficiency" (Inventors: Antony Paul vande Ven and Gerald H. Negley; Attorney Docket No. 931_081PRO), the patent application is cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/535,319 (now published as Publication No. _________) filed August 4, 2009 (Attorney Docket No. P0997;931-089NP), which is incorporated in this application cited in its entirety for reference; and

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/541,215 (now published as Publication No. __________) filed August 14, 2009 (Attorney Docket P1080;931-099NP), which is incorporated in this application Cited in full for reference.

Some embodiments according to the invention employ one or more multi-chip light emitters including at least one solid state light emitter that emits BSY light when powered, and at least one solid state light emitter that emits non-BSY light when powered body.

As noted above, the solid state light emitters may be arranged in any suitable manner.

Some embodiments in accordance with the invention may include solid state light emitters that emit a first shade of light (e.g., light in the BSY range) and emit a second shade of light (e.g., light that is not in the BSY range, such as red, Reddish, reddish-orange, slightly orange, or orange) solid state light emitters, wherein each solid state light emitter that emits non-BSY light is surrounded by 5 or 6 solid state light emitters that emit BSY light.

Some embodiments according to the invention include a first set of one or more solid state light emitters that emit BSY light when energized, and a second set of one or more solid state light emitters that emit non-BSY light when energized, and the first The average distance of the center of each solid state light emitter in one set from the closest point of the edge region of the multi-chip light emitter is less than the average distance of the center of each solid state light emitter in the second set from the closest point of the edge region of the multi-chip light emitter.

In some embodiments, the solid state light emitters are configured according to the guidelines described below in paragraphs (1)-(5), or according to any combination of two or more thereof (eg, the first set contains , such as red, reddish, reddish orange, slightly orange, or orange light solid state light emitters; the second group comprises solid state light emitters that emit BSY light), thereby further facilitating light mixing from the solid state light emitters; wherein the solid state light emitters To emit light of different colors:

(1) An array having first and second sets of solid state light emitters, wherein the first set of solid state light emitters are arranged such that no two of the first set of solid state light emitters are in direct proximity to each other within the array;

(2) An array comprising a first set of solid state light emitters and one or more additional sets of solid state light emitters arranged such that at least three solid state light emitters from the one or more additional sets are associated with the first set of solid state light emitters. each adjacent to a solid state light emitter within a group;

(3) An array comprising a first group of solid state light emitters and one or more additional groups of solid state light emitters, the array being arranged such that less than fifty percent (50%), or as much as possible, of the first group of solid state light emitters Possibly few solid state light emitters on the perimeter of the array;

(4) An array comprising a first set of solid state light emitters and one or more additional sets of solid state light emitters, the first set of solid state light emitters being arranged such that no two solid state light emitters of the first set are directly within the array proximate so that one or more additional sets of at least three solid state light emitters are adjacent to each of the solid state light emitters in the first set; and/or

(5) Arrays arranged such that no two solid state light emitters of the first group are directly adjacent to each other within the array, less than fifty percent (50%) of the solid state light emitters in the first group solid state light emitters on the perimeter of the array, and one or more additional sets of at least three solid state light emitters adjacent to each of the solid state light emitters within the first set.

Arrays according to the invention may also be configured in other ways, possibly with additional features that facilitate color mixing. In some embodiments, solid state light emitters can be arranged so that they are closely packed, which can further promote natural color mixing. The lighting device may also include different diffusers and reflectors to facilitate color mixing in the near and far field.

The solid state light emitter may be mounted on the solid state light emitter support member (or other structure) in any suitable manner, for example, by using chip on heat sink (chipon heat sink) mounting techniques, by soldering (e.g., assuming the solid state light emitter support member comprises a metal core A metalcore printed circuit board (MCPCB), flex circuit or even a standard PCB (eg FR4 board)); solid state light emitters can be mounted, for example, using substrate technology from Thermastrate, Northumberland, UK. If desired, the surface of the solid state light emitter support member and/or one or more solid state light emitters can be machined or shaped to have matching topography to provide a higher heat sink surface area.

The housing components discussed below apply to housing components that may be included in any lighting device according to the present invention.

The housing member (or one or more housing members), if included, may be of any suitable shape and size, and may be made of any suitable material. Those skilled in the art are familiar with and can envision a variety of materials (for example, metals, ceramic materials, plastic materials with low thermal resistance, or combinations thereof) that can be constructed as housings, as well as various shapes of the above-mentioned housings, and according to the present invention can Housings made of any of the above materials and having any of the above shapes are employed. In some embodiments, particularly where the housing member provides or assists in providing heat transfer and/or heat dissipation, the housing member may be made of spun aluminum, stamped aluminum, diecast aluminum, powder metallurgy Technically formed aluminum, rolled or stamped steel, hydroformed aluminum, injection molded aluminum, injection molded thermoplastics, compression molded or injection molded thermosets, molded glass, liquid crystal polymers, polyphenylenesulfide (PPS), Clear or tinted acrylic (PMMA) sheet, cast molded or injection molded acrylic, thermoset bulk molded compound (bulk molded compound) or other composite materials, aluminum nitride (AlN), silicon carbide ( SiC), diamond, diamond-like carbon (diamond-like carbon, DLC), metal alloys and polymers mixed with ceramic particles, metal particles or metal-like particles.

One or more housing members may be provided to support and/or protect any of the components (or combination of components) of a lighting device according to the invention described herein.

In some embodiments, a housing member (or one or more housing members) may include one or more heat dissipation zones and other structures. The one or more heat dissipation areas are, for example, one or more heat dissipation fins (fins) and/or one or more heat dissipation pins (pins), and the other structures provide or enhance any suitable thermal management scheme.

In embodiments comprising a solid state light emitter support member, the solid state light emitter support member (or at least one of a plurality of solid state light emitter support members) can facilitate heat transfer to a heat dissipation structure, and/or can act as a heat sink and/or heat sink structure.

In some embodiments, any component of the lighting device may include one or more heat dissipation structures, such as fins or pins, in some embodiments, which may or may not include any other features described herein, as appropriate.

Some embodiments of lighting devices according to the invention have only passive cooling. On the other hand, some embodiments of lighting devices according to the present invention have active cooling (and optionally have one or more passive cooling features). The expression "active cooling" is used here in accordance with its common usage to refer to cooling achieved through the use of some form of energy, as opposed to "passive cooling", which is achieved without the use of energy (ie, when powering a solid state light emitter, passive cooling is cooling that is achieved without the use of any components that require additional energy for providing additional cooling). Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, cooling is achieved using only passive cooling; while in other embodiments of the invention active cooling is provided (optionally including any of the methods described herein that provide or enhance passive cooling). feature).

In some embodiments, the housing member (or one or more housing members) is integral with the mixing chamber element.

In some embodiments, shaping one or more housing members so that they can accommodate one or more multi-chip light emitters, and/or one or more solid state light emitter support members, and/or various operations involving components or modules. For example, it involves receiving current supplied to a lighting device, regulating the current (eg, converting it from AC to DC and/or from one voltage to another), and/or driving one or more solid state light emitters. For example, one or more solid state light emitters are intermittently illuminated, and/or the current supplied to the one or more solid state light emitters is adjusted in response to the following factors. These factors include detected operating temperature of one or more solid state light emitters, detected changes in intensity or color of light output, detected changes in environmental characteristics (such as temperature or ambient light), user commands, etc. and/or The signal contained in the input power (for example, a dimming signal in the AC power supplied to a lighting fixture).

In some embodiments, which may or may not contain any of the other features described herein, a lighting device according to the present invention may incorporate any suitable thermal management solution, in suitable manner.

The lighting device according to the present invention can adopt any suitable heat dissipation scheme, and a variety of such heat dissipation schemes (for example, one or more heat dissipation structures) are well known to those skilled in the art, and/or those skilled in the art can easily A variety of such cooling schemes are envisioned. Representative examples of potentially suitable cooling schemes are described in the following patent applications:

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/856,421 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0084700) filed September 17, 2007 (law firm docket P0924; 931-019NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/939,052 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0112168) filed November 13, 2007 (law firm docket P0930; 931-036NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/939,059 (now published as Publication No. 2008/0112170) filed November 13, 2007 (law firm docket P0931; 931-037NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/411,905 (now published as Publication No. 2010/0246177) filed March 26, 2009 (law firm docket P1003; 931-090NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/512,653 (now published as Publication No. 2010-0102697) filed July 30, 2009 (law firm docket P1010; 931-092NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/469,828 (now published as Publication No. 2010-0103678) filed May 21, 2009 (law firm docket P1038; 931-096NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/551,921 (now published as Publication No. _________) filed September 1, 2009 (law firm docket P1049; 931-098NP), which is hereby cited in its entirety for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 61/245,683 (Law Firm Docket No. P1085US0; 931-100PRO), filed September 25, 2009, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety;

U.S. Patent Application No. 61/245,685 filed September 25, 2009 (Law Firm Docket No. P1087US0; 931-102PRO), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/566,850 (now published as Publication No. _________) filed September 25, 2009 (law firm docket P1173; 931-107NP), which is in this application cited in its entirety for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/582,206 (now published as Publication No._________) filed October 20, 2009 (law firm docket P1062; 931-114NP), which is hereby cited in its entirety for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/607,355 (now published as Publication No.__________) filed October 28, 2009 (law firm docket P1062US2; 931-114CIP), which is incorporated in this application cited in its entirety for reference; and

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/683,886 (now published as Publication No._________) filed January 7, 2010 (Law Firm Docket No. P1062US4; 931-114CIP2), which is included in this application Cited in its entirety for reference.

In embodiments where active cooling is provided, any type of active cooling may be employed, such as blowing or pushing (or assisting in blowing) an ambient fluid (such as air) across or near one or more heat sinks or heat sinks, Thermoelectric cooling, phase change cooling (including powering pumping fluids or compressing fluids), liquid cooling (for example, including powering pumping water, liquid nitrogen or liquid helium), reluctance, etc.

In some embodiments, where appropriate, which may or may not contain any of the other features described herein, one or more heat spreaders may be provided to move heat from one or more solid state light emitter support members to One or more heat sink regions and/or one or more heat dissipation regions; and/or the heat spreader itself may provide surface area for heat dissipation. Those skilled in the art are familiar with a variety of materials suitable for use in the manufacture of heat spreaders, and any of these materials (eg, copper, aluminum, etc.) may be used.

In some embodiments, where appropriate, which may or may not contain any of the other features described herein, a heat spreader may be provided in contact with the first surface of the solid state light emitter support member, and one or more solid state light emitters may be mounted On a second surface of the solid state light emitter support member; wherein the first surface and the second surface are on opposite sides of the solid state light emitter support member. In these embodiments, circuitry (eg, compensation circuitry) in contact with the heat spreader may be provided and provided if desired. For example, the heat spreader can be located between the solid state light emitter support member and the compensation circuit; and/or the heat spreader can have a groove open to the surface of the heat spreader that is remote from the solid state light emitter support member, and the compensation circuit can in this groove.

To this end, any suitable material or structure may be used to enhance heat transfer from one structure or region of the luminaire (or luminaire element) to another (i.e., reduce or minimize thermal resistivity) ). Those skilled in the art know various suitable materials or structures as mentioned above, for example, by means of chemical bonds or physical bonds, and/or by inserting heat transfer aids such as thermal pads, thermal grease, graphite sheets, etc. means.

In some embodiments according to the invention, part of any module, element, or other assembly of a lighting device may contain one or more thermal transfer regions (thermal transfer regions), which have a higher thermal conductivity (eg, higher than the remainder of the module, element or other assembly). The thermal transfer zone can be made of any suitable material and can be of any suitable shape. Using a higher thermal conductivity material in fabricating the heat transfer region generally provides more heat transfer, and using a heat transfer region with a larger surface area and/or cross-sectional area generally provides more heat transfer. Representative examples of materials that may be used to fabricate the thermal transfer region include metal, diamond, DLC, and the like, if provided. Representative examples of shapes that the thermal transfer region may form include rods, tabs, flakes, crossbars, wires, and/or wiring patterns, if provided. The heat transfer region (if included) may also serve as one or more pathways for delivering electrical energy, if desired.

In some embodiments, where appropriate, which may or may not contain any of the other features described herein, a sensor (eg, a temperature sensor, such as a thermistor) may be located in any suitable location. For example, a temperature sensor (eg a thermistor) may be arranged in contact with the heat spreader, eg between the heat spreader and the compensation circuit.

A luminaire or luminaire element according to the invention may comprise one or more electrical connectors.

Various types of junction boxes are well known to those skilled in the art, any of which may be connected in a lighting device according to the invention. A representative example of a suitable type of junction box includes wires (for spliceto) branches, Edison plugs (ie Edison threads receivable in Edison receptacles), and GU24 pins (which are receivable in GU24 receptacles) ). Other known types of junction boxes include 2-pin (round) GX5.3, can DCbay, 2-pin GY6.35, recessed single contact R7, screw-type terminals , 4-inch lead, 1-inch ribbon lead (ribbonlead), 6-inch flexible lead (flexlead), 2-pin GU4, 2-pin GU5.3, 2-pin G4, turn lock (turn&lock) GU7, GU10 , G8, G9, 2-pin Pf, minimum thread (minscrew) E10, DC base BA15d, minimum candle E11, medium thread E26, large thread (mogscrew) E39, large double post (mogulbipost) G38, extended ( ext.) Large end (mogend) prGX16d, medium end prGX16d and medium edge (medskirted) E26/50x39 (see https://www.gecatalogs.com/lighting/software/GELightingCatalogSetup.exe).

In some embodiments, a junction box is connectable to at least one housing member.

If included, the junction box may be electrically connected to one or more circuit components; such as a power supply, an electrical contact area or elements, and/or a circuit board on which a plurality of solid state light emitters are mounted. ).

It would be particularly desirable to provide lighting fixtures that include (and generate some or all of the light produced by) one or more solid state light emitters, where the lighting fixtures can more easily replace conventional light fixtures such as Incandescent lighting fixtures, fluorescent lighting fixtures, or other conventional types of lighting fixtures) (i.e., lighting fixtures that can be relatively easily retrofitted to or initially used to replace traditional fixtures), such as Engaged luminaires are luminaires that contain one or more solid state light emitters that can be engaged in the same socket as a conventional light fixture (a representative example is simply unscrewing the incandescent luminaire from the Edison or a plurality of solid-state light emitting devices threaded in the Edison socket, replacing the incandescent lamp). Such lighting devices are provided in some aspects of the invention.

Some embodiments in accordance with the invention (which may or may not include any of the features described elsewhere herein) include one or more lenses, diffusers or light controls. Those skilled in the art are familiar with a variety of lenses, diffusers, and light controls and can readily envision a variety of materials from which lenses, diffusers, or light controls can be made (e.g., polycarbonate materials, acrylic materials, fused silica, polystyrene etc.), and are familiar with and/or can envision possible shapes for lenses, diffusers, and light controls. In embodiments comprising lenses and/or diffusers and/or light controls, any of the aforementioned materials and/or shapes may be employed in the lenses and/or diffusers and/or light controls. Those skilled in the art will understand that the lens, or diffuser or light control of the lighting device according to the present invention can be selected to have any desired effect (or no effect) on the incident light, such as focusing, diffusing, altering The emission direction of the lighting device (eg, increasing the range of directions of light emitted by the lighting device, such as bending the light so as to propagate below the emission plane of the solid state light emitter), etc. Any of the aforementioned lenses and/or diffusers and/or light controls may comprise one or more luminescent materials, such as one or more phosphors.

Representative examples of lenses that may be employed in accordance with the present invention include total internal reflection (TIR) optics (eg, TIR optics available at Fraen SRL (www.fraensrl.com)). It is well known that, in some cases, TIR optics comprise a material formed of any suitable material or materials (for example, a clear acrylic material) for mounting at one end (for example, at the rounded point of a cone). ) a solid shape (e.g., usually a cone) that receives light; the solid shape totally internally reflects most of the light reaching its side walls and collimates the light before it exits the annular portion of the cone straight. It is known to provide one or more interconnected arrays of lenses (lenslets), if desired, to provide some degree of diffuse reflection of light.

Additional representative examples of lenses that may be employed in lighting devices according to the present invention are described in the following U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/776,799, filed May 10, 2010, entitled "Light Sources Optical Element and Illumination System Using the Light Source", U.S. Patent Application No. P1258 of the law firm, which is discussed in detail below, and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In embodiments according to the invention comprising a lens (or lenses), the lens may be positioned in any suitable position and orientation.

In embodiments according to the invention comprising a diffuser (or diffusers), the diffuser may be positioned in any suitable position and orientation. In some embodiments, which may or may not include any of the features described elsewhere herein, a diffuser may be provided on the top or elsewhere of the lighting device. A diffuser may be included in the form of a diffuser film/diffuser layer arranged to mix the light emission from the solid state light emitter in the near field. In other words, the diffuser can mix the emissions from the solid state light emitters so that light from separate solid state light emitters is not discernible separately when looking directly at the lighting fixture.

The diffuser film (if employed) may comprise any of a variety of different structures and materials arranged in different ways. For example, it may include a conformally arranged coating disposed on the lens. In some embodiments, commercially available diffuser films, such as those available from BrightView Technologies Inc., Morrisville, NC; Cambridge, MA; Fusion Optix Inc. of (Cambridge), those diffuser films provided by Luminit Inc. of Torrance, California (Torrance). Some of these films can include diffuse microstructures, which can include random or ordered microlenses or geometric features, and can be of various shapes and sizes. The diffuser film can be sized to fit all or less than all of a lens; the diffuser film can also be bonded to the lens using known bonding materials and bonding methods appropriate location. For example, an adhesive may be used to mount the film to the lens, or the film may be insert molded with the lens. In other embodiments, the diffuser film may contain scattering particles or index photonic features alone, or the diffuser film may contain scattering particles or index photonic features in combination with microstructures. The diffuser film can have any of a variety of suitable thicknesses (some commercially available diffuser films range in thickness from 0.005-0.125 inches, but films of other thicknesses can also be used).

In other embodiments, a diffuser and/or scattering pattern may be patterned directly on a component (eg, lens). For example, the aforementioned pattern may be a random or pseudo-pattern of surface elements that scatter or disperse light passing through the surface elements. A diffuser may also comprise microstructures within a component such as a lens, or a diffuser film may be contained within a component such as a lens.

Diffuse and/or light scattering may also be provided or enhanced through the use of additives, a variety of which are well known to those skilled in the art. Any of the aforementioned additives may be included in the lumiphor, encapsulating material, and/or other suitable elements or components of the lighting device.

In embodiments according to the invention that include a light control (or light controls), the light control may be positioned in any suitable position and orientation. Those skilled in the art are familiar with various light controls and may employ any of the above light controls. Representative light controls are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Application No. 61/245,688, filed September 25, 2009 (Attorney Docket P1088USO; 931-103PRO), which It is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A light control may be any structure that alters the overall properties of the pattern formed by the light emitted by the light source. In this regard, the expression "light control" as used herein includes films and lenses comprising one or more volumetric light control structures and/or one or more surface light control features.

Additionally, lighting devices according to the present invention may optionally comprise one or more diffusing elements (eg, layers). For example, a scattering element may be included in a lumiphor (ie, a transparent or translucent object in which a luminescent material is embedded), and/or a separate scattering element may be provided. A variety of individual diffusing elements are well known to those skilled in the art, and any such element may be employed within the lighting device of the present invention. The scattering elements can be made of different materials, such as particles of titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, gallium nitride or glass microspheres, for example using particles dispersed within a lens.

A variety of filters are familiar and readily available to those skilled in the art, and any suitable filter or combination of different types of filters may be employed in accordance with the present invention. The above filters may include (1) a pass-through filter; that is, in the filter, the light to be filtered is directed to the filter, and some or all of the light passes through the filter (such as , some light does not pass through the filter), and the light passing through the filter is filtered light; (2) reflective filter; that is, in the filter, the light to be filtered is directed to the filter filter, some or all of the light is reflected by the filter (for example, some light is not reflected by the filter), and the light reflected by the filter is filtered light; and (3) provide pass-through filter and reflective A combination of filters for filtering light.

Any desired circuitry, including any desired electronic components, may be employed to power one or more solid state light emitters in accordance with the present invention. Representative examples of circuits that may be used are described in the following patent applications:

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/626,483 filed January 24, 2007 (currently published as Publication No. 2007/0171145) (Law Firm Docket No. P0962;931-007NP), the patent The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/755,162 dated May 30, 2007 (current publication No. 2007/0279440) (law firm docket number P0921;931-018NP), the patent The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/854,744 filed September 13, 2007 (current publication No. 2008/0088248) (Law Firm Docket No. P0923;931-020NP), the patent The application is cited in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/117,280 filed May 8, 2008 (currently published as Publication No. 2008/0309255) (Law Firm Docket No. P0979;931-076NP), the patent The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application; and

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/328,144 filed December 4, 2008 (currently published as Publication No. 2009/0184666) (Law Firm Docket No. P0987;931-085NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/328,115 filed December 4, 2008 (currently published as Publication No. 2009-0184662) (Law Firm Docket No. P1039;931-097NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

Application No. 12/566,142, filed September 24, 2009, entitled "Solid State Lighting Devices with Configurable Shunts" (current Publication No. __________) (Law Firm Docket No. P1091 ; 5308-1091), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

Application No. 12/566,195, filed September 24, 2009, entitled "Solid State Lighting Device with Controllable Bypass and Method of Operation" (current Publication No._________) (Law Firm Docket No. P1128; 5308-1128), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

For example, solid-state lighting systems have been developed that include power supplies that receive AC line voltage and convert that voltage to a voltage (e.g., to DC and to a different voltage value) suitable for driving solid-state light emitters and/or current . Typical power supplies for LED light sources may include various electronic components such as line current regulated power supplies, and/or pulse width modulated current and/or voltage regulated power supplies, and may include bridge rectifiers, transformers, power factor controllers, and the like.

Many different techniques for driving solid-state light sources have been described in many different applications, including, for example, those described in U.S. Patent No. 3,755,697 to Miller, long U.S. Patent No. 5,345,167 by Hasegawa et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,736,881 by Ortiz, U.S. Patent No. 6,150,771 by Perry, Bebenroth ), U.S. Patent No. 6,329,760), Latham II U.S. Patent No. 6,873,203, Dimmick U.S. Patent No. 5,151,679, Peterson U.S. Patent (No. 4,717,868), U.S. Patent No. 5,175,528 by Choi et al., U.S. Patent No. 3,787,752 by Delay, U.S. Patent No. 5,844,377 by Anderson et al., Canada U.S. Patent No. 6,285,139 by Ghanem, U.S. Patent No. 6,161,910 by Reisenauer et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,090,189 by Fisler, Rahm, etc. U.S. Patent (No.6,636,003) of Xu et al., U.S. Patent No.7,071,762 of Xu et al., U.S. Patent No.6,400,101 of Biebl, etc., U.S. Patent No.6,586,890 of Min ), U.S. Patent No. 6,222,172 of Fossum et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,912,568 of Kiley, U.S. Patent No. 6,836,081 of Swanson et al., Mick (Mick ), U.S. Patent No. 6,987,787), Baldwin U.S. Patent No. 7,119,498, Barth U.S. Patent No. 6,747,420, Lebens U.S. Patent No. (No. 6,808,287), U.S. Patent No. 6,841,947 of Berg-johansen, U.S. Patent No. 7,202,608 of Robinson et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,995,518, No.6,724,376, No.7,180,487), U.S. Patents (No.6,614,35 8), U.S. Patent No. 6,362,578 of Swanson et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,661,645 of Hochstein, U.S. Patent No. 6,528,954 of Lys et al., Lys et al. US Patent (No. 6,340,868) of Rees et al. (No. 7,038,399), US Patent of Saito et al. (No. 6,577,072) and US Patent of Illingworth (No. 6,388,393).

The various electronic components (if provided in the lighting fixture) may be mounted in any suitable manner. For example, in some embodiments, light-emitting diodes may be mounted on one or more solid state light emitter support members, and electronic circuitry may be mounted on a separate component (e.g., a "driver board") that may connect AC lines to The voltage is converted to a DC voltage suitable for supplying the LEDs. This way, the line voltage is supplied to the junction box and passed along the driver circuit board where it is converted to a DC voltage suitable for supplying the LEDs and then forwarded to the solid state light emitter support components and supply them to LEDs at the solid state light emitter support components.

In some embodiments according to the invention, the lighting device is a self-ballasting device. For example, in some embodiments, a lighting device may be directly connected to AC current (eg, by plugging into a wall outlet, by screwing into an Edison socket, by hard-wiring into a circuit, etc.). A representative example of a self-ballasting device is described in U.S. Patent Application No. 11/947,392, filed November 29, 2007 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0130298), which The patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Compensation circuitry may be provided to help ensure that the perceived color (including color temperature in the case of "white" light) of light exiting the lighting device is accurate (eg, within a certain tolerance). If included, such compensation circuitry can adjust the current supplied to solid state light emitters emitting light of one color, and/or individually adjust the current supplied to solid state light emitters emitting light of a different color, in order to adjust the current emitted by the lighting device. The color of the mixed light. Such adjustments may be (1) based on temperature sensed by one or more temperature sensors (if included), and/or (2) based on light emission sensed by one or more light sensors (if included), and/or Based on other sensors (if included), factors, phenomena, etc. For example, the sensing of light emission based on one or more light sensors may include based on (i) one or more sensors detecting the color of light emitted by the lighting device, and/or based on (ii) detecting one or more solid-state One or more sensors of the intensity of light emitted by the luminaire, and/or one or more sensors based on (iii) detecting the intensity of one or more specific shades of light.

Various compensation circuits are known and any compensation circuit may be employed in a lighting device according to the invention. For example, the compensation circuit may include a digital controller, an analog controller, or a combination of digital and analog. For example, the compensation circuit may comprise an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a collection of discrete components, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the compensation circuit can be programmed to control one or more solid state light emitters. In some embodiments, the control of the one or more solid state light emitters may be provided by the circuit design of the compensation circuit so that the control of the one or more solid state light emitters is fixed at the time of manufacture. In other embodiments, aspects of the compensation circuit, such as its reference voltage, resistance value, or the like, can be set at the time of manufacture, allowing for control of one or more solid state light emitters without the need for programming or control code. control to adjust.

Representative examples of suitable compensation circuits are described in the following patent applications:

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/755,149 filed May 30, 2007 (current U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0278974) (law firm docket P0919; 931-015NP), This patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/117,280 filed May 8, 2008 (current U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0309255) (law firm docket No. P0979; 931-076NP), This patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/257,804 filed October 24, 2008 (current U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0160363) (law firm docket No. P0985; 931-082NP), This patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/469,819 filed May 21, 2009 (current U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010-0102199) (Law Firm Docket No. P1029; 931-095NP), This patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety;

Application No. 12/566,195, filed September 24, 2009, and entitled "Solid State Lighting Apparatus with Controllable Bypass and Method of Operation" (current U.S. Patent Publication No. __________) (Attorney Firm Docket No. P1128; 5308-1128), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety;

Application No. 12/704,730, filed February 12, 2010, and entitled "Solid State Lighting Apparatus with Compensation Bypass and Method of Operation" (current U.S. Patent Publication No._________) (Attorney's Office US patent application with docket number P1128US2; 5308-1128IP), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/704,995 filed February 12, 2010 (current U.S. Patent Publication No._________) (law firm docket P1231; 931-123NP), which The application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety; and

U.S. Patent Application No. 61/312,918 filed March 11, 2010 (current U.S. Patent Publication No._________) (law firm docket No. P1231US0-2; 931-123PRO2), This patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The color sensors discussed below apply to color sensors that may be included in any lighting device according to the present invention.

Those skilled in the art are familiar with a variety of color sensors, and any such sensor may be employed in the lighting device of the present invention. These well-known sensors include those that are sensitive to all visible light, and those that are sensitive to only a portion of the visible light. For example, the sensor can be a unique and inexpensive sensor (GaP:N LEDs) that takes into account the full light flux but is only (optical) sensitive to one or more of the LEDs. For example, in one particular example, a sensor may only be sensitive to a certain range of wavelengths, and as the light source ages (and reduces light output), the sensor may emit light of that color for color consistency to one or more light sources (e.g., LEDs or LEDs that emit light of other colors) provide feedback. By using a sensor that selectively monitors the output (via color monitoring), the output of one color can be selectively controlled to maintain the proper ratio of outputs and thus maintain the color output of the device. This type of sensor is only excited by light in a specific range of wavelengths, such as a range that excludes red light (see, for example, Application No. 12/117,280, filed May 8, 2008 (current U.S. Patent Publication No. No. 2008/0309255) (U.S. Patent Application, Law Firm Docket No. P0979; 931-076), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Other techniques for sensing changes in the light output of light sources include providing individual emitters or reference emitters, and providing sensors that measure the light output of these emitters. These reference emitters can be set to be isolated from ambient light so that they generally do not contribute to the light output of the lighting fixture. Additional techniques for sensing the light output of the light source include separately measuring the ambient light and the light output of the luminaire, and compensating the measured light output of the light source based on the measured ambient light.

The temperature sensors discussed below apply to temperature sensors that may be included in any lighting device according to the present invention.

At least one temperature sensor may be employed in accordance with some embodiments of the invention. Various temperature sensors (eg, thermistors) are familiar and readily available to those skilled in the art, and any such temperature sensor may be employed in embodiments in accordance with the present invention. Temperature sensors can be used for a variety of purposes, for example as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 12/117,280 filed May 8, 2008 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0309255) , a temperature sensor is used to provide feedback information for compensation circuits such as current regulators; this patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, one or more temperature sensors (e.g., a single temperature sensor or a network of temperature sensors) may be provided in contact with one or more solid state light emitters; Mounting the one or more solid state light emitters on the surface of the support member; or placing the one or more temperature sensors close to the one or more solid state light emitters (e.g., less than 1/4 inch away) such that the temperature sensor Can provide an accurate reading of the temperature of the solid state light emitter.

In some embodiments, one or more temperature sensors may be provided that are not in contact with one or more solid state light emitters (eg, a single temperature sensor or a network of temperature sensors); or that one or more temperature sensors are not in close proximity to one or more Solid State Lighting Settings. But one or more temperature sensors are arranged so that they are separated from the solid state light emitter only by a structure having low thermal resistance so that the temperature sensor can provide an accurate reading of the temperature of the solid state light emitter.

In some embodiments, one or more temperature sensors may be provided that are not in contact with one or more solid state light emitters (eg, a single temperature sensor or a network of temperature sensors); or that one or more temperature sensors are not in close proximity to one or more Solid State Lighting Settings. However, one or more temperature sensors are configured to have a temperature proportional to the temperature of the solid state light emitter, or to vary proportionally to a change in temperature of the solid state light emitter, or to correlate to the temperature of the solid state light emitter.

Some embodiments in accordance with the invention may include power cords that may be connected to a power source (e.g., branch circuit, receptacle, battery, photovoltaic collector) and may be a junction box (or directly power electrical contacts, e.g. The power cord itself can be a junction box) to supply power. Those skilled in the art are familiar with and readily available various structures that can be used as power cords. The power cord may be any structure that transports electrical energy and supplies it to a junction box on the lighting device or to a lighting device according to the invention.

A lighting device according to the invention may be powered from any source or a combination of sources, such as a grid (eg line voltage), one or more batteries, one or more photovoltaic energy harvesting Equipment (i.e., equipment that includes one or more photovoltaic tubes that convert solar energy into electricity), one or more windmills, etc.

A lighting device according to the invention may comprise one or more mixing chamber elements, one or more trim elements and/or one or more fixture elements.

The mixing chamber elements, if included, can be of any suitable shape and size, and can be made of any suitable material. Light from one or more solid state light emitters may be mixed to a suitable degree within a mixing chamber before exiting the lighting device.

Representative examples of materials that can be used to manufacture mixing chamber elements include spun aluminum, stamped aluminum, die cast aluminum, rolled or stamped steel, hydroformed aluminum, injection molded metal, injection molded thermoplastic, compression molded, among a variety of other materials Thermoset or injection molded thermoset, molded glass, liquid crystal polymer, polyphenylenesulfide (PPS), clear or tinted acrylic (Clearortintedacrylic, PMMA) sheet, cast or injection molded acrylic, thermoset bulk Molding compound or other composite materials. In some embodiments, a mixing chamber element may consist of, or may contain, a reflective element (and/or one or more surfaces thereof may be reflective). Such reflective elements (and surfaces) are well known and readily available to those skilled in the art. A representative example of a suitable material that can be used to make the reflective element is that available through Furukawa (a Japanese company) under the trademark

In some embodiments, the mixing chamber is defined (at least in part) by a mixing chamber element. In some embodiments, the mixing chamber is defined in part by a mixing chamber element (and/or by a decorative element) and in part by a lens and/or a diffuser.

In some embodiments, at least one decorative element is connectable to a lighting device according to the invention. Decorative elements, if included, may be of any suitable shape and any suitable size, and may be made of any suitable material. Representative examples of materials that can be used to manufacture trim elements include spun aluminum, stamped aluminum, die cast aluminum, rolled or stamped steel, hydroformed aluminum, injection molded metal, iron, injection molded thermoplastic, pressed aluminum, among a variety of other materials. Molded or injection molded thermosets, glass (e.g. molded glass), ceramics, liquid crystal polymers, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), clear or pigmented acrylic (PMMA) sheets, cast or injection molded acrylic, Thermoset bulk molding compound or other composite materials. In some embodiments that include a decorative element, the decorative element may consist of, or may contain, a reflective element (and/or one or more surfaces thereof may be reflective). The reflective elements (and surfaces) described above are well known and readily available to those skilled in the art. A representative example of a suitable material that can be used to make the reflective element is that available through Furukawa (a Japanese company) under the trademark

In some embodiments according to the invention, a mixing chamber element comprising a decorative element may be provided (e.g., a single structure may be provided for use as a mixing chamber element and as a decorative element, the mixing chamber element may be integrally formed with the decorative element, and/ Or the mixing chamber element may contain areas used as decorative elements). In some embodiments, the structure described above may also incorporate some or all of the thermal management system for the lighting device. In particular, in some cases where a decorative element within a device is used as a heat sink for a light source (such as a solid state light emitter) and the decorative element is exposed to space, it is possible to reduce the thermal interface between the solid state light emitter and the external environment by providing the above structure (thermalinterface) or minimize it (and thus improve heat transfer). In addition, the above-described structures may eliminate one or more assembly steps and/or reduce part count. In such luminaires, the structure (i.e. the combined mixing chamber element and decorative element) may further comprise one or more reflectors and/or reflective films, and the structural aspects of the mixing chamber element are determined by the combined mixing chamber element and decorative components are provided.

In some embodiments, a lighting device (or lighting device element) according to the invention may be connected with at least one fixture element. When included, fixture elements may include fixture housings, mounting structures, packaging structures, and other suitable structures. Those skilled in the art are familiar with and can envision a variety of materials from which the above-described fixation device elements can be constructed and a variety of shapes for the above-described fixation device elements. Fixation device elements made of any of the above materials and having any of the above shapes may be used in accordance with the present invention.

For example, fixation device elements and various components or aspects thereof that may be used to practice the present invention are described in the following patent applications:

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/613,692 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0139923) filed December 20, 2006 (law firm docket P0956;931-002NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/743,754 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0263393) filed May 3, 2007 (law firm docket P0957;931-008NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/755,153 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0279903) filed May 30, 2007 (law firm docket No. P0920;931-017NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/856,421 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0084700) filed September 17, 2007 (law firm docket P0924;931-019NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/859,048 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0084701) filed September 21, 2007 (law firm docket P0925;931-021NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/939,047 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0112183) filed November 13, 2007 (law firm docket P0929;931-026NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/939,052 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0112168) filed November 13, 2007 (law firm docket P0930;931-036NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/939,059 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0112170) filed November 13, 2007 (law firm docket No. P0931;931-037NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/877,038 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0106907) filed October 23, 2007 (law firm docket No. P0927;931-038NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 60/861,901, filed November 30, 2006, and entitled "LED Downlight Luminaire With Accessory Attachment" (Inventors: GaryDavid Trott, Paul Kenneth Pickard, and Ed Adams; LLP Docket No. 931_044PRO), the patent application is cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/948,041 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0137347) filed November 30, 2007 (law firm docket P0934;931-055NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/114,994 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0304269) filed May 5, 2008 (law firm docket P0943;931-069NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/116,341 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0278952) filed May 7, 2008 (law firm docket P0944;931-071NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/277,745 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009-0161356) filed November 25, 2008 (law firm docket No. P0983;931-080NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/116,346 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0278950) filed May 7, 2008 (law firm docket No. P0988;931-086NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/116,348 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0278957) filed May 7, 2008 (law firm docket P1006;931-088NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/467,467 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0290222) filed May 18, 2009 (law firm docket P1005;931-091NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/512,653 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010-0102697) filed July 30, 2009 (law firm docket P1010;931-092NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/465,203 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0290208) filed May 13, 2009 (5/13/09) (Law Firm Docket No. P1027; 931-094NP), which is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/469,819 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010-0102199) filed May 21, 2009 (law firm docket P1029;931-095NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/469,828 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010-0103678) filed May 21, 2009 (law firm docket No. P1038;931-096NP), which The application is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/566,936 (now U.S. Patent Publication No.___________) filed September 25, 2009 (law firm docket P1144;931-106NP), which is filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/566,857 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. _________) filed September 25, 2009 (law firm docket P1181;931-110NP), filed at Cited in its entirety in this application for reference;

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/621,970 (now U.S. Patent Publication No._________) filed November 19, 2009 (law firm docket P1181US2;931-110CIP), which is filed at is incorporated by reference in its entirety in this application; and

U.S. Patent Application No. 12/566,861 (now U.S. Patent Publication No.__________) filed September 25, 2009 (law firm docket P1177;931-113NP), filed at This application is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, if provided, the fixture element may further comprise a junction box that engages with a junction box on the lighting device, or that is electrically connected to the lighting device.

In some embodiments that include a fixture element, a substantially non-moving junction box is provided relative to the fixture element; for example, the forces typically employed when installing an Edison plug in an Edison receptacle do not cause the Edison The receptacle moves relative to the fixture element by more than a centimeter, and in some embodiments no more than 1/2 centimeter (or no more than 1/4 centimeter, or no more than 1 millimeter, etc.). In some embodiments, the junction box that engages the junction box on the luminaire is movable relative to the fixture element and may provide a structure that limits the movement of the luminaire relative to the fixture element (eg, as filed in October 2007 23, U.S. Patent Application No. 11/877,038 (now U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0106907) (Law Firm Docket No. P0927; 931-038NP), the The patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety).

In some embodiments, one or more structures may be attached to the lighting device and engage within the structure of the fixture element to hold the lighting device in place relative to the fixture element. In some embodiments, the luminaire may be biased relative to the fixture element so that the flange portion of the trim element is aligned with the bottom portion of the fixture element (eg, the extremity of a cylindrical pot lamp housing). ) to maintain contact (and compression). Additional examples of structures that may hold lighting devices in place relative to fixture elements are disclosed in the following U.S. Patent Application No. 11/877,038 filed October 23, 2007 (now U.S. U.S. Patent Application, Patent Publication No. 2008/0106907) (Law Firm Docket No. P0927; 931-038NP), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The lighting device of the present invention may generally be arranged in any suitable orientation, a variety of which are well known to those skilled in the art. For example, the lighting device may be a back-reflecting device or a front-emitting device.

A lighting device according to the invention may have any desired overall shape and size. In some embodiments, lighting devices according to the present invention have any size and shape (i.e., form factor) corresponding to any light source of a variety of light sources in existence, such as: PAR lamps (such as PAR30 lamps or PAR38 light), A light, B-10 light, BR light, C-7 light, C-15 light, ER light, F light, G light, K light, MB light, MR light, PS light, R light, S lamp, S-11 lamp, T lamp, Oslang-based lamp (Linestra2-baselamp), AR lamp, ED lamp, E lamp, BT lamp, linear fluorescent lamp, U-shaped fluorescent lamp, circular fluorescent lamp, singletwintube compact Fluorescent lamps, doubletwintube compact fluorescent lamps, tripletwintube compact fluorescent lamps, A-shaped compact fluorescent lamps, screwwist compact fluorescent lamps, globe screw base compact fluorescent lamps, reflectors Screw base (reflectorscrewbase) compact fluorescent lamps, etc. There are many different variants (or an infinite number of variants) within each luminaire type identified in the preceding sentence. For example, there are many different variants of the traditional A lamp, including those identified as the A15 lamp, the A17 lamp, the A19 lamp, the A21 lamp, and the A23 lamp. As used herein, the expression "A lamp" includes any lamp meeting the dimensional characteristics of an A lamp as defined in ANSIC 78.20-2003, which includes the conventional A lamp identified in the preceding sentence. Some representative examples of form factors include mini multi-mirror Projector lamp (mini projectionlamp), multi-mirror Projector lamps, reflector lamps, 2-pin-vented bottom reflector lamps, 4-pin base CBA lamps, 4-pin base BCK lamps, DAT/DAKDAY/ DAK incandescent projection lamp (incandescent projection lamp), DEK/DFW/DHN incandescent projection lamp, CAR incandescent projection lamp, CAZ/CZB incandescent projection lamp, CZX/DAB incandescent projection lamp, DDB incandescent projection lamp, DRBDRC incandescent lamp Projector lamp, DRS incandescent lamp, BLXBLCBNF incandescent lamp, CDD incandescent lamp, CRX/CBS incandescent lamp, BAHBBABCAECA standard flood lamp (standard photoflood), EBWECT standard flood lamp, EXVEXXEZK reflector flood lamp , DXCEAL reflector flood light, double-ended projection lamp, G-6G5.3 projection lamp, G-7G29.5 projection lamp, G-72 button projection lamp (buttonprojectionlamp), T-4GY6.35 projection lamp, DFN/ DFC/DCH/DJA/DFP incandescent projection lamp, DLD/DFZGX17q incandescent projection lamp, DJLG17q incandescent projection lamp, DPT large base incandescent projection lamp, lampshape B (B8 candle), B10 can shape, B13 medium), lamp shape C (C7 candle, C7DC base), lamp shape CA (CA8 candle, CA9 medium, CA10 candle, CA10 medium), lamp shape G (G16.5 candle, G16.5DC base, G16.5SC base, G16.5 medium, G25 medium, G30 medium, G30 medium edge, G40 medium, G40 large), T6.5DC base, T8 disk (a single light engine module can be set at one end, or a The light engine module can be set at one end), T6.5 intermediate type (T6.5inter), T8 medium type, lamp shape T (T4 candle shape, T4.5 candle shape, T6 candle shape, T6.5DC base, T7 Candle, T7DC Base, T7 Intermediate, T8 Candle, T8DC Base, T8 Intermediate, T8SC Base, T8SCPf, T10 Medium, T10 Medium Pf, T123C Medium, T14 Medium Pf, T20 Large Double Post, T20 Medium Double Post type, T24 medium double column type), lamp shape M (M14 medium), lamp shape ER (ER30 medium, ER39 medium), lamp shape BR (BR30 medium, BR40 medium), lamp shape R (R14SC base, R14 intermediate, R20 medium, R25 medium, R30 medium, R40 medium, R40 medium edge, R40 large, R52 large), lamp shape P (P253C large), lamp shape PS (PS253C large, PS25 medium, PS30 medium, PS3 0 large, PS35 large, PS40 large, PS40 large Pf, PS52 large), lamp shape PAR (PAR20 medium NP, PAR30 medium NP, PAR36 spiral decoration, PAR38 edge, PAR38 medium edge, PAR38 medium edge pr, PAR46 spiral decoration, PAR46 Large end pr, PAR46 medium sidpr, PAR56 spiral decoration, PAR56 large end pr, PAR5 large end pr, PAR64 spiral decoration, PAR64 extended large end pr) (see https://www.gecatalogs.com/lighting/software/GELightingCatalogSetup .exe) (with respect to each form factor, the light engine module can be placed in any suitable position; for example, with its axis coaxial with the axis of the form factor; it can also be placed in any suitable position with respect to each junction box Location). A lamp according to the invention may (or may not) satisfy any or all of the other characteristics of a PAR lamp or other type of lamp.

A lighting device according to the invention may be designed to emit light in any suitable pattern, for example in the form of floodlights, spotlights, downlights or the like. A lighting device according to the invention may comprise one or more light sources emitting light in any suitable pattern, or one or more light sources emitting light in each of a number of different patterns.

In many cases, the lifetime of a solid state light emitter can be related to the thermal equilibrium temperature (eg, the junction temperature of the solid state light emitter). On a manufacturer basis (e.g., in the case of solid-state light emitters, Cree Inc., Philips-Lumileds, Nichia, etc.), the relationship between lifetime and junction temperature Correlations may vary. At a given temperature (junction temperature in the case of solid-state light emitters), useful life is typically on the order of thousands of hours. Accordingly, in certain embodiments, the components of the thermal management system of the luminaire are selected to draw heat from and dissipate the heat drawn from the solid state light emitter at such a rate that the temperature is maintained at or below a specified temperature, (e.g., at 25 maintain the junction temperature of the solid state light emitter at or below the junction temperature of the solid state light emitter at an ambient temperature of 25,000 hours, and in some embodiments at the junction temperature of the rated life of 35,000 hours or below the junction temperature, in other embodiments maintained at or below the junction temperature for the rated useful life of 50,000 hours, or maintained at or below the junction temperature for the rated useful life of other hour values , or a similar hour rating in other embodiments at an ambient temperature of 35° C. (or other value)).

Solid state light emitter lighting systems provide a longer operating life than traditional incandescent and fluorescent lamps. The service life of an LED lighting system is usually measured by "L70 lifetime", which refers to the number of operating hours in which the light output of the LED lighting system does not decrease by more than 30%. An L70 service life of at least 25,000 hours is typically required and has become a standard design goal. The L70 service life used here is determined by the Illuminating Engineering Society (Illuminating Engineering Society) standard LM-80-08 (September 22, 2008, ISBNN No. 978-0-87995-227-3), also referred to herein as "LM-80", the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Various embodiments are described herein in connection with "expected L70 service life". Since the useful life of solid-state lighting products is measured in tens of thousands of hours, full term testing to measure product useful life is usually not practical. Therefore, lifetime predictions based on test data of the system and/or light source are only used to predict the lifetime of the system. This test method includes, but is not limited to, the lifetime predictions present in the ENERGY STAR program requirements above, or the lifetime predictions described by the ASSIST Lifetime Prediction Method in "ASSIST Recommendations...LED Lifetime for General Lighting: Definition of Lifespan," Volume 1, Issue 1, February 2005 ("ASSIST Recommends . . . LED Life For General Lighting: Defunition of Life", Volume 1, Issue 1, February 2005), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Thus, for example, the term "anticipated L70 useful life" refers to the predicted L70 useful life of a product as evidenced by ENERGY STAR, ASSIST, and/or the L70 useful life prediction of the manufacturer's service life statement.

Luminaires according to some embodiments of the invention provide an expected L70 lifetime of at least 25,000 hours. Lighting devices according to some embodiments of the invention provide an expected L70 lifetime of at least 35,000 hours, while lighting devices according to some embodiments of the invention provide an expected L70 lifetime of at least 50,000 hours.

In some aspects of the invention, a lighting device is provided that provides good efficiency and is within the size and shape constraints of the light fixture it replaces. In some embodiments of this type, there is provided a lighting device that provides a lumen output of at least 600 lumens, in some embodiments at least 750 lumens, at least 900 lumens, at least 1000 lumens, at least 1100 lumens, at least 1200 lumens, at least 1300 lumens, at least 1400 lumens, at least 1500 lumens, at least 1600 lumens, at least 1700 lumens, at least 1800 lumens (or in some cases at least an even higher lumen output), and/or the lighting device provides A CRIRa of at least 70, in some embodiments a CRIRa of at least 80, a CRIRa of at least 85, a CRIRa of at least 90, or a CRIRa of at least 95.

In some aspects of the invention, which may or may not contain any of the features described elsewhere herein, there is provided a luminaire that provides sufficient lumen output (to be beneficial as a replacement for traditional luminaires), provides good efficiency, And within the size and shape constraints of the luminaire it replaces. In some cases, "sufficient lumen output" means at least 75% of the lumen output of the luminaire that the luminaire replaces, and in some cases at least 85%, 90%, 95%, 100% of the luminaire that the luminaire replaces , 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, or 125% lumen output.

The color of the output of a lighting device according to the invention may be any suitable color (including white) and/or any suitable color temperature, and may comprise visible and/or non-visible light.

A lighting device (or lighting device element) according to the invention can guide light in any desired range of directions. For example, in some embodiments, a luminaire (or luminaire element) can direct light substantially omnidirectionally (ie, approximately 100% of all directions extending from the center of the luminaire), i.e., two directions in the x, y plane. The two-dimensional shape includes rays extending from 0° to 180° relative to the y-axis (that is, 0° extending from the origin in the positive direction of the y-axis, 180° extending from the origin in the negative direction of the y-axis °), the two-dimensional shape rotates 360° around the y-axis (in some cases, the y-axis may be the longitudinal axis of the luminaire lighting device). In some embodiments, the luminaire (or luminaire element) emits light in substantially all directions within a volume defined by a two-dimensional shape in the x,y plane that includes Extend) A ray extending from 0° to 150°, the 2D shape rotates 360° around the y-axis. In some embodiments, the luminaire (or luminaire element) emits light in substantially all directions within a volume defined by a two-dimensional shape in the x,y plane that includes Extend) A ray extending from 0° to 120°, the 2D shape rotates 360° around the y-axis. In some embodiments, the luminaire (or luminaire element) emits light in substantially all directions within a volume defined by a two-dimensional shape in the x,y plane that includes Extend) A ray extending from 0° to 90°, this 2D shape rotates 360° around the y-axis (i.e. a hemispherical area). In some embodiments, the two-dimensional shape may alternatively include angles ranging from 0°-30° (or 30°-60°, or 60°-90°) to 90°-120° (or 120°- 150°, or 150°-180°) range of angle rays. In some embodiments, the range of directions in which light is emitted by a luminaire (or luminaire element) may be asymmetric about any axis, i.e. different embodiments may have any suitable range of directions in which light is emitted; the range of directions may or may not be continuous. Contiguous (for example, a range area that emits light can be surrounded by a range area that does not emit light). In some embodiments, the luminaire (or luminaire element) can emit light in at least 50% of all directions extending from the center of the luminaire (eg, 50% for a hemisphere), and in some cases at least 60% , 70%, 80%, 90% or more.

Embodiments in accordance with the invention are described in detail herein to provide precise characteristics of representative embodiments within the full scope of the invention. The invention should not be construed as limited to the details set forth above.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations (and/or plan views) that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments of the present invention. Accordingly, deviations from the shapes in the figures, eg, due to production techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments of the invention should not be limited to the particular shapes of regions depicted herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a shaped region depicted as a rectangle, will, typically, have rounded or curved features. Thus, the regions shown in the figures are exemplary in nature and the shapes are not intended to depict the precise shape of a region of a device and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The lighting device described here is explained with reference to cross-sectional views. These cross-sections are rotatable about a central axis, thereby providing a lighting device which is effectively ring-shaped. Alternatively, the cross-section may be replicated to form sides of a polygon such as a square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon or similar shape to provide the lighting device. Thus, in some embodiments, objects that may pass through the edges of the cross-section fully or partially surround objects in the center of the cross-section.

1-3 are schematic diagrams of a lighting device 10 in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the various components of lighting device 10 . 2 is a top view of a lighting element included in lighting device 10 (the lighting element comprising a solid state light emitter support member 13 and a plurality of multi-chip emitters 14 mounted on the solid state light emitter support member 13), and FIG. Perspective view of device 10.

Referring to FIG. 1, a lighting device 10 includes a TIR optic 11, an optic positioner 12, a solid state light emitter support member 13, a plurality of multi-chip emitters 14, a first housing member 15, a second housing member 16, a third Housing member 17 and junction box 18 . For example, a heat spreader (such as a graphite heat spreader) (not shown) may be provided between the solid state light emitter support member 13 and the first housing member 15 to facilitate the transfer of heat emitted by the solid state light emitter throughout the first housing member 15. Larger surface area.

A junction box 18 is supported at the bottom region of the second housing member 16 and can be threaded into an Edison socket. (Alternatively, other types of junction boxes can be provided if desired).

The second housing member 16 can be made of any suitable material or materials (for example, plastic), and a power circuit and a driving circuit are installed on and/or in the second housing member 16 (if necessary, also in the A compensation circuit is disposed on and/or within the second housing member 16 ).

The first housing member 15 provides structure to assist in establishing and maintaining the proper position and orientation of the second housing member 16, multi-chip light emitter 14, and optic positioner 12 relative to the first housing member 15, and relative to each other. The first housing member 15 also provides a heat dissipation structure in the form of heat dissipation fins 19 . The first housing member 15 may be formed from any suitable material or materials, such as aluminum.

Solid state light emitter support member 13 may be made of any suitable material or materials. In some embodiments, the solid state light emitter support member 13 may be a metal core circuit board or an FR4 circuit board with thermal vias.

Multi-chip light emitter 14 may comprise any suitable solid state light emitter as described herein.

Optic positioners 12 are provided to assist in establishing and maintaining the position and orientation of the TIR optics 11 relative to the multi-chip emitters 14 (i.e., typically so that light from each multi-chip emitter 14 enters one of the TIR optics 11 conical dots). Optic retainer 12 may be made of any suitable material, such as plastic. In some embodiments, optic positioner 12 (or at least a portion or portions thereof) may be white (or substantially white) so as to reflect light spilling from TIR optic 11 . In some embodiments, optic retainer 12 (or at least a portion or portions thereof) may be black (or substantially black) so as to absorb light spilling from TIR optic 11 .

The third housing member 17 may be made of any suitable material, such as plastic. In some embodiments, the third housing member 17 is removable (eg, it is in a removable snap-fit with the first housing member 15) to provide access to circuit components to adjust light emission color, communicate with the driver, adjust the compensation circuit, etc.

The lighting device 10 is powered through the junction box 18, from which power is supplied to the power supply and driver (and compensation circuitry, if included), which may interact in any suitable manner to support The conductive paths of member 13 power the solid state light emitters in multi-chip light emitter 14 to illuminate and/or excite the solid state light emitters in any suitable manner (e.g., may be coupled to one or more solid state light emitters over time). pulse modulation and/or regulation of electrical energy, supply different currents for different solid state light emitters, etc.).

Light emitted by the solid state light emitters in the multi-chip light emitter 14 enters the TIR optic 11 and becomes collimated within the TIR optic 11; degree.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a plurality of multi-chip light emitters 14 mounted on a solid state light emitter support member 13 . Each multi-chip light emitter 14 includes four solid state light emitters arranged in a 2×2 array, and the four solid state light emitters include three BSY solid state light emitters and one red solid state light emitter. As shown in FIG. 2, each multi-chip light emitter 14 has a similar layout (i.e., they are each oriented with the red solid state light emitter at the bottom right and the three BSY solid state light emitters at the top right, top left, and bottom left), and where three multi-chip emitters 14 (i.e., the right multi-chip emitter in the top row, the left multi-chip emitter in the middle row, and the right multi-chip emitter in the bottom row) are oriented relative to The multi-chip light emitter 14 is spatially offset by 180 degrees, and the multi-chip light emitter 14 is oriented with the red solid state light emitter at the bottom right and the three BSY solid state light emitters at the top right, top left, and bottom left (i.e., spatially offset Multi-chip light emitter 14 has the red solid state light emitter at the upper left instead of the lower right).

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the assembled lighting device 10 .

4 is a schematic diagram of an alternative lighting element 40 comprising a solid state light emitter support member 41 and a plurality of multi-chip light emitters 42 . The multi-chip light emitters 42 are arranged in an array different from that described in FIG. 3 .

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an alternative multi-chip light emitter 50 comprising six solid state light emitters 51 arranged in a 2x3 array.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an alternative multi-chip light emitter 60 comprising nine solid state light emitters 61 arranged in a 3x3 array.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a first multi-chip light emitter 70 and a second multi-chip light emitter 71 having a similar layout. Even if the respective emission planes of the two multi-chip emitters are not coplanar or parallel (ie, given that they are mounted on different regions of the partially spherical structure 72), they cannot be spatially offset from each other.

example

Testing with Forlan optics and the Apollolamp found that the orientation of the multi-chip emitters (in a 2×2 array with three BSY solid state emitters and one red solid state emitter) relative to each other was uniform in color Sex has a significant impact.

The first prototype assembled has 7 multi-chip light emitters (arranged as described in FIG. 8 ), each multi-chip light emitter has a red solid state light emitter 81 (and BSY solid state light emitters 82 located on the upper right, lower left, and lower right).

In this configuration, the light beam exhibits color non-uniformities that are clearly visible to the naked eye. However, uniformity can be greatly improved by rotating 3 of the 7 MCDs so that the red solid state light emitter is at the opposite corner of the MCD (i.e., the upper left corner). Among them, the 3 multi-chip luminous bodies that rotate 7 multi-chip luminous bodies refer to the multi-chip luminous bodies on the right in the top row of rotation, the multi-chip luminous bodies on the left in the middle row, and the multi-chip luminous bodies on the right in the bottom row. light emitters; having the red solid state light emitters at opposite corners of the multi-chip light emitters means that those multi-chip light emitters are spatially offset, and thus each solid state light emitter in those multi-chip light emitters is spatially offset by 180 Spend.

When 7 multi-chip light emitters each comprising a 2×2 array are arranged in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. The same effect can be seen (to a lesser degree) when the multi-chip emitter on the right is spatially offset by 90 degrees. Wherein, the 2×2 array includes two BSY solid-state light emitters (upper left and lower right) and two red solid-state light emitters (upper right and lower left).

A significant challenge to overcome with optics as described in FIG. 1 is providing a tight optical beam (eg, 13 degrees or less) when using a large number of solid state light emitters of at least two colors. When used in conjunction with a package with four LED chips, since the body of the optic is a collimating TIR lens—which is essentially an imaging optic—no matter how it is configured, the color mixing provided by a single optic may be impractical for some purposes been accepted. The body of the optics automatically projects the image of the LED chips onto the work surface. The lens interconnect array on the front of the optic provides some level of homogenization, but it is not enough to provide sufficient color uniformity for some purposes (ie less than 7 MacAdam distortions in the beam face). However, by using multiple devices with multiple optical components, and offsetting some of the multi-chip emitters relative to each other, the red highlighted area (areaofredemphasis) is covered by the yellow highlighted area, allowing for possible imaging in the far field. Acceptable color uniformity. In a 2x2 configuration, the azimuthal offset provides a color shift of 1 MacAdam or less across the beam plane. This approach does not achieve near-field mixing, where individual colors are seen on the face of each optic.

This practice can be equally applied to arrays containing other 2x2 arrays of multi-chip light emitters, such as an array containing one red, two green, and one blue solid state light emitter (RGGB), and An array (RGBW) of one red, one green, one blue, and one white solid-state light.

Although particular embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to particular combinations of components, various other combinations may be provided without departing from the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention should not be construed as limited to the particular exemplary embodiments described herein and shown in the drawings, but may also include combinations of elements from various described embodiments.

Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it must be understood that the described embodiments are given by way of example only, and that they should not be taken as limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims. Accordingly, the appended claims should be understood to include not only combinations of elements stated in parallel, but also all equivalent elements which perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to obtain substantially the same result. These claims are hereby understood to include what has been specifically set forth and illustrated above, what is conceptually equivalent and what incorporates the essential idea of the present invention.

Any two or more structural parts of the lighting devices described herein may be integrated. Any structural part of the luminaire or light engine module described herein may be provided in two or more parts (the any structural parts may be supported together in any known manner, such as with adhesives, screws, bolts, rivets, staples, etc.).

As noted above, representative examples of lenses that may be employed in lighting devices according to the present invention are described in the following U.S. Patent Application No. 12/776,799, filed May 10, 2010, entitled " Optical Elements for Light Sources and Lighting Systems Using the Light Sources," U.S. Patent Application No. P1258 at law firm docket. The subject matter described in this application is discussed below.

Embodiments of the present invention may include optical elements that enable the lighting system to achieve beam steering and, if necessary, efficient mixing, such as color mixing, of light from multiple sources. Optical elements according to some embodiments are useful where a highly controlled beam of light is required, for example, in tracking lighting, display lighting, and entertainment lighting. Optical elements according to some embodiments may also be used to provide various lighting effects.

In some embodiments of the invention, the optical element may comprise an entrance surface and an exit surface spaced from the entrance surface. The entrance surface comprises at least three sub-surfaces, wherein each sub-surface is configured to receive light from a light source (eg, one or more multi-chip light emitters). Each of the three subsurfaces is geometrically shaped and positioned to direct light rays entering the optical element through that subsurface, thereby directing the light through the optical element. Thus, a first sub-surface may direct a first portion of light from the light source, a second sub-surface may direct a second portion of light from the light source, and a third sub-surface may direct a third portion of light from the light source. The optical element also includes an outer surface disposed between the exit surface and the entrance surface. In some embodiments, the outer surface is conical in shape containing a parabola.

In some embodiments, the subsurfaces include spherical subsurfaces, flatconic subsurfaces, and invertedconic subsurfaces. In some embodiments, the subsurfaces include flat subsurfaces, spherical subsurfaces, and inverted spherical subsurfaces. In some embodiments, the optical element comprises a concentrator lens disposed in the exit surface. For example, the condenser lens may be a Fresnel lens or a spherical lens.

In some embodiments, the optical element includes a light mixing process. For example, the light mixing treatment may be a diffractive surface treatment on the exit surface of the optical element. As an additional example, the light mixing treatment may also be a patterned lens treatment on the exit surface, or facets of the exit surface of the optical element. The light mixing treatment may also consist of facets of the entrance surface of the optical element or facets of the outer surface of the optical element, or the light mixing treatment may comprise facets of the entrance surface of the optical element or facets of the outer surface of the optical element. Light mixing can also be achieved by a volumetric diffusion material spaced from the exit surface of the optic by a small air gap. In some embodiments, the light mixing process provides mixing of different colors of light.

Fig. 9 is a side cross-sectional view of an optical element employable in a lighting device according to the invention.

The optical element, or more simply "optic" 100 is transparent, and in this example it is made of a material with a refractive index of about 1.5. With some materials as low as 1.48 and others as low as 1.59 (for example, some polycarbonates), the refractive index of glass and plastic changes. These materials include glass and/or acrylic, both of which are commonly used in optical assemblies. The optical component 100 includes an entrance surface 104 that completely covers the lens portion of the multi-chip light emitter 102 . Light enters the optic through entrance surface 104 . Light exits the optical element through exit surface 106, which is spaced from, and generally oppositely disposed from, entry surface 104. When viewed from the different views of the finished lighting system of Figure 16 (discussed later in this disclosure), it is apparent that the exit surface 106 is circular in shape. In an exemplary embodiment, the radius of the circle defining exit surface 106 is approximately 16 mm, and the height of the optical elements, not including the condenser lens (discussed further below), is approximately 20 mm.

Still referring to FIG. 9 , the optical element 100 includes an outer surface 108 that is roughly disposed between and flanking the entrance surface 104 and the exit surface 106 of the entrance surface 104 and the exit surface 106; Approximately conforms to a portion of a parabola (ie, the outer surface is parabolic). It should be noted that the parabolic surface causes many rays to be totally internally reflected and exit the optic through the top surface (exit surface) 106 at or near a normal angle relative to the top surface. However, if the entire entrance surface is spherical in shape, then the light rays will enter at the normal to the entrance surface and will not be bent. Thus, only light rays striking the parabolic outer surface 108 will be reflected through the top surface 106 at a normal angle. Vertical rays from the light source also exit the optic at a normal angle with respect to the top surface 106 . All other rays exit the optic at an angle through top surface 106 and are bent away from the normal vector relative to top surface 106, since these rays will pass from a medium with a refractive index of approximately 1.5 to In air with a refractive index of about 1. This skew away actually degrades the collimation of the light passing through the optical element.

The parabolic shape of the outer surface 108 is defined by the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; z</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cr</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; kc</span>}}^{\underset{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; r</span>}}^{\underset{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&OverBar;</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; /</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}$

where x, y, and z are positions on a typical 3-axis system, k is the conic constant, and c is the curvature. This formula usually specifies a conical shape. For parabolic shapes, k is less than or equal to -1. It should be noted, however, that the outer surface being parabolic and actually conical is just one example. Optical elements with three or more entrance surfaces can be designed with various shapes of outer surfaces: eg angled, curved, spherical, curved, and spherical with segmented shapes. As shown in the examples disclosed herein, parabolic or partially parabolic surfaces can be used to provide total internal reflection (TIR); however, there are situations where total internal reflection is not required or is required at all points of the optic.

Continuing with FIG. 9 , another feature of the optical element 100 is a condenser lens 110 disposed in or on the exit surface 106 . In at least some embodiments, the condenser lens can be molded into the optic, for example using acrylic and injection molding the entire optic. As will be seen later, when exemplary paths of light rays are shown and discussed, condenser lens 110 deflects light rays that are generally slightly deflected away from the normal near the center of exit surface 106 to be approximately parallel to the normal or toward The normal is skewed, thus effectively collimating light passing through the optic 100 near its center. In this particular embodiment of the optical element, the condenser lens 110 is an annular Fresnel lens. Spherical condenser lenses can also be used. In the example of FIG. 9, the diameter of the Fresnel lens is about 11.2mm, and the radius of curvature of the outermost edge is about 9mm.

FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the entrance surface portion of the optical element 100 . For clarity, the multi-chip light emitter 102 has been removed from FIG. 10 and the remainder of the figure is described here. Figure 10 is shown through the side of the optic. Figure 11 is a schematic view looking down on the bottom of the optical element from inside the optical element itself. A portion of the parabolic outer surface 108 is visible in FIG. 10 . However, the main purpose of Figures 10 and 11 is to clearly illustrate the entrance surface of the optical element. In this exemplary embodiment, the entrance surface comprises three distinct sub-surfaces, wherein each sub-surface is arranged to receive light from the light source in a different direction. Each of the three subsurfaces is geometrically shaped and positioned to direct light rays entering the optical element through that subsurface so that the light passing through the optical element is substantially collimated.

The subsurfaces of FIGS. 10 and 11 include spherical subsurfaces 120 and flat conical subsurfaces 123 . In this illustration, the spherical subsurface 120 connects at a corner 121 at a normal angle to the bottom of the optical element. In this exemplary embodiment, the radius of curvature of the spherical subsurface is approximately 3.66 mm. Corners 122 join the parabolic outer surface 108 and corners 121 form a flat annular surface at the bottom of the optic. As will be seen in another example presented herein, the bottom portion of the optical element is expandable to accommodate various mounting situations. In this exemplary embodiment, the angle of the flat-conical sub-surface 123 is approximately 20 degrees from the normal.

Still referring to FIGS. 10 and 11 , the third subsurface forms a shallow cone inverted relative to the flat conical subsurface 123 , and is therefore referred to as an inverted conical subsurface 124 . The angle of the inverted conical subsurface is about 70 degrees with respect to the normal vector. In some embodiments, the inverted conical subsurface has a slight radius of curvature, such as a radius of curvature of about 12 mm. Since the optic is transparent, the edge of this shallow cone is visualized as edge 126 in FIGS. 10 and 11 , and the point of the inverted cone as point 127 .

Figures 12, 13 and 14 are optical schematic diagrams of the operation of optical elements employable in a lighting device according to the invention. Figures 12, 13 and 14 are schematic illustrations of the operation of the optics using rays of different trajectories, one trajectory being presented in each of Figures 12, 13 and 14. 12-14 are schematic illustrations of the interaction of the various sub-surfaces of the inlet surface 104 . In general, entrance surface 104 divides light from a light source into three types based on how the light will pass through the optic, assuming the entire entrance surface is spherical. These types are: 1) light that hits the parabolic surface 108 and is redirected to the orthogonal exit surface 106; 2) passes directly through the exit surface 106 but may require a relatively small amount of redirection so that it can be effectively redirected to the parabolic outer surface 108; and 3) light that passes directly through the exit surface 106 but needs to be redirected so much that it is not effectively redirected to the parabolic outer surface 108. Accordingly, the spherical portion of the entrance surface 104 is sized to receive light that passes through the spherical portion and strikes the parabolic outer surface 108 , and is reflected normal to the exit surface 106 . The flat-conical subsurface 123 of the entrance surface 104 is sized and shaped to receive a portion of the light that passes through the exit surface 106 without being redirected to the orthogonal exit surface 106, which portion of the light A portion is redirected to the outer wall 108 in order to redirect it to the normal outlet surface 106 . The inverted conical sub-surface 124 of the entrance surface 104 is sized and shaped to receive a portion of the light that passes through the exit surface 106 without being redirected to the orthogonal exit surface 106, but with a certain fraction of the light. Angled so that it is not effectively redirected by frustoconical portion 123 and redirects this portion of the light to concentrator 110 . The size of the concentrator 110 depends on the shape and size of the inverted conical surface 124 .

FIG. 12 shows what happens to light ray 130 as it enters optical element 100 through the spherical subsurface of entrance surface 104 . Since this ray passes through the entrance surface of the optic at a normal angle, this ray enters without deflection. These rays strike the parabolic outer surface 108 at an angle to the normal that is greater than the critical angle, and are internally reflected to exit the optic at approximately a normal angle.

FIG. 13 illustrates what happens to light rays 130 as they enter the optical element 100 from the light source through the frustoconical subsurface 123 of the entrance surface 104 . As the light ray 132 passes through the flat-conical subsurface, it is deflected toward the normal and strikes the parabolic outer surface 108 at an angle that is greater than the critical angle. Ray 132 then reflects upward and exits the optic at an angle closer to the normal vector, thereby keeping the light collimated. It should be noted that dashed ray 134 illustrates the path the ray would take if it had passed through the entrance surface, which is entirely spherical. Rays 134 miss parabolic outer surface 108 and pass through exit surface 106 exiting the optic at an angle away from the optic centerline. As the ray passes from a medium with a higher index of refraction to a medium with a lower index of refraction, and the ray has been deflected away from the normal, it will exit the optic at some greater angle, deflected from the centerline of the optic away, which reduces the collimation of the light.

FIG. 14 illustrates what happens to light rays 130 as they enter the optical element 100 from the light source through the inverted conical subsurface 124 of the entrance surface 104 . When light ray 132 passes through the inverted conical subsurface, it is deflected toward the normal as it passes from a medium with a lower index of refraction to a medium with a higher index of refraction. In this case, the ray 138 is deflected enough that it passes through the outer portion 137 of the Fresnel condenser lens and ends up exiting the optic nearly parallel to the normal. Thus, the inverted conical portion of the entrance subsurface also serves to collimate the light passing through the optical element. It should be noted that dashed ray 138 illustrates the path the ray would take if the entrance surface of the optic were perfectly spherical. In this case, the ray does not contact the parabolic outer surface 108 and the condenser lens, and exits the optic through the exit surface 106 at an angle away from the centerline of the optic. As the above ray passes from a medium with a higher index of refraction to a medium with a lower index of refraction, and the ray has been deflected away from the normal, it will exit the optic at some greater angle and deviate from the centerline of the optic. Slanted away, this reduces the collimation of the light.

In the various embodiments of the optic disclosed herein, the details of its entrance surface are but one example of how an optical element having an entrance surface with three or more sub-surfaces of different shapes or profiles may be realized. Various combinations of shapes and profiles can be used for the subsurfaces of the entrance surface of the optic. For example, curved surfaces, segmented surfaces, angled surfaces, spherical surfaces, conical surfaces, parabolic surfaces, and/or arcuate surfaces may be used in various embodiments. The subsurfaces of the inlet surface disclosed in the detailed examples herein may be used in different settings. A subset (for example, one or two) of these subsurfaces can be used in combination with other shaped subsurfaces.

Fig. 15 is a side cross-sectional view of an optical element employable in a lighting device according to the present invention. In this case, the optical element has a spherical condenser lens. Optical component 400 includes an entrance surface 404 . Light enters the optical element through one of the sub-surfaces of the entrance surface and exits the optical element through an exit surface 406 ; Optical element 400 includes a parabolic outer surface 408 , as before, disposed roughly between and flanking entrance surface 404 and exit surface 406 . Again, the parabolic surface causes total internal reflection of many rays (particularly those entering the optic through the spherical subsurface of the entrance surface) and causes them to pass through at or near a normal angle relative to the top surface 406. An exit or top surface 406 exits the optic. Optical element 400 has a spherical condenser lens 412 disposed in or on exit surface 406 . In at least some embodiments, the condenser lens can be molded into the optic, for example using acrylic and injection molding the entire optic. It should be noted that any condenser lens is optional as some lighting effects may be desired that do not require a condenser lens with some entrance surfaces; lens. In the example shown in Fig. 15, the spherical condenser lens has a diameter of about 11.2 mm and a radius of curvature of about 9 mm.

Figure 15 is a schematic illustration of another possible variant of the optical element. In the case of this embodiment, the outer surface extends further down than in the previous embodiment, so that the base of the optic has a more convex annular section 450; according to particulars of the lighting system using this annular section ), the annular segment may allow the optic to rest more directly on a surface.

There are virtually infinite variations to various embodiments of the illumination system and optical elements of the present invention. The angle, size and position of the subsurfaces that direct incident light rays can be varied, and additional subsurfaces can be included. Many deformations are possible to all surfaces of the optical element. For example, the size and association of the various surfaces may depend on the size and light output characteristics of the light source, the desired beam angle, the amount of light that needs to be mixed, and/or the materials used in the optics. In fact, the entrance surface of an optic according to an embodiment of the present invention can even be designed for various lighting effects, including light not being collimated, but formed to project various types of decorative patterns or features. The effect of the utilitarian pattern. These variants can be used with or without condenser lenses, in conjunction with various shapes of outer surfaces. The morphs can be designed using photometric simulation software tools that provide ray tracing and/or iso-illuminance curves. The above tools are publicly available in various sources. One example of the aforementioned computer software simulation tool is Photopia published by LTI Optics, LLC, of Westminster, Colorado, USA.

Figure 16 is a schematic illustration of another variation of the entrance surface of various embodiments of the optic. FIG. 16 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the entrance surface of an optical component 500 having an outer surface 508 . In the example of FIG. 16 , the inlet surface includes a flat subsurface 550 , a spherical subsurface 552 , and an inverted spherical subsurface 556 . In this example, the flat subsurface 550 makes an angle of approximately 20 degrees from the normal vector. The spherical subsurface 552 has a smaller radius of curvature than the inverted spherical subsurface 556 . Also, the inverted spherical subsurface 556 extends upwardly about the normal vector and through the center of the optic so that it forms a point 560 .

17 is a schematic diagram of an illumination system using the optical elements described herein. The lighting system 600 is formed as a replacement for a standard R30 incandescent bulb of the type commonly used in so-called "recessed can" ceiling luminaires. The lighting system consists of a standard threaded base 602. Seven multi-chip lights are used as light sources and are located in the lighting system behind the front plate 604. Cooling fins 606 assist in maintaining proper operating temperatures within the system. Above each lighting element there is a void, each void housing an optical element 610 .

In Figure 17, the top surface of each optic contains a color mixing process, which is visualized in Figure 17 as dots or stipples on the top surface of the optic that act as diffraction on the exit surface surface treatment. An alternative color mixing process would be to provide a cover made of volume diffusing material spaced from the exit surface by a small air gap. This cover can be mounted on each optical element without significantly changing the appearance of the system of FIG. ). Other possible color mixing treatments include patterned lens treatments, which again would not significantly change the appearance of the system of FIG. 17 if applied to the exit surface. Facets on the exit surface or the parabolic surface of the optic may also be used as a color mixing treatment, in which case the dots or stippling on top of each optic of Figure 17 may not be present.

Claims (18)

1. A lighting device, characterized in that it comprises: solid state light emitter support member, and at least a first multi-chip light emitter and a second multi-chip light emitter; The solid state light emitter support member includes a central region, at least a first protrusion, a second protrusion, a first radius and a second radius, the first protrusion and the second protrusion extend from the central region, the first radius extends from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member along the first protrusion, a second radius extending from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member along the second protrusion, said first and second radii are at least 30 percent longer than a third radius: said third radius extending from a center of gravity of said solid state light emitter support member to a first location on an edge of said solid state light emitter support member, Wherein the first position is between the first protrusion and the second protrusion; the first multi-chip light emitter is mounted on the first protrusion, and the second multi-chip light emitter is mounted on on said second protrusion; The first multi-chip light emitter includes at least a first solid state light emitter and a second solid state light emitter, the second multi-chip light emitter includes at least a third solid state light emitter and a fourth solid state light emitter, said first solid state light emitter emits light of a first hue, the second solid state light emitter emits light of a second hue, the third solid state light emitter emits a third shade of light, the fourth solid state light emitter emits light of a fourth hue, The number of MacAdam ellipses that distinguish said first hue from said third hue is less than the number of MacAdam ellipses that distinguish each other from: said first hue is distinct from said second hue, said first hue is distinct from said fourth hue, said second hue is distinct from said third hue, said second hue is distinct from said fourth hue, or said third hue is distinct from said fourth hue, said first solid state light emitter is spatially offset relative to said third solid state light emitter by at least 10 degrees; such that (1) The first multi-chip light emitter and the second multi-chip light emitter have a similar layout; and the first multi-chip light emitter surrounds an emission plane approximately perpendicular to the second multi-chip light emitter axis rotated by at least 10 degrees, or (2) The minimum amount of inclination necessary to assume that the first multi-chip light emitter is in an orientation relative to the second multi-chip light emitter, wherein the minimum amount is in accordance with any three in the first multi-chip light emitter. Measured by the angle of rotation of a plane defined by a point; in this orientation, a first plane containing a first ray defined from said first multi-chip emitter is parallel to a second plane containing a second ray The center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter extends to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter, and the second light ray is defined as extending from the center of gravity of the second multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter; wherein the first The direction of the ray differs from the direction of the second ray by at least 10 degrees. 2. The lighting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: said first hue differs from said third hue by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said first hue differs from said second hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said first hue differs from said fourth hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said second shade differs from said third shade by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said second shade differs from said fourth shade by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, and The tertiary hue differs from the fourth hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses. 3. The lighting device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that: The lighting device also includes at least a third multi-chip light emitter, The third multi-chip light emitter includes at least a fifth solid state light emitter and a sixth solid state light emitter, the fifth solid state light emitter emits a fifth shade of light, and The sixth solid state light emitter emits light of a sixth hue. 4. The lighting device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that: The lighting device also includes at least a third multi-chip light emitter and a fourth multi-chip light emitter. 5. The lighting device of claim 4, wherein the first multi-chip light emitter, the second multi-chip light emitter, the third multi-chip light emitter and the fourth multi-chip light emitter have similar layouts. 6. The lighting device according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that: The lighting device also includes at least a third multi-chip light emitter, and Each of the first multi-chip light emitter, the second multi-chip light emitter, and the third multi-chip light emitter includes at least four solid state light emitters. 7. The lighting device of claim 6, wherein the first multi-chip light emitter, the second multi-chip light emitter and the third multi-chip light emitter have a similar layout. 8. The lighting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lighting device comprises 7 multi-chip luminaires, 3 of the 7 multi-chip luminaires being spatially offset by 180° from other of the 7 multi-chip luminaires degrees such that: (1) the seven multi-chip light emitters have a similar layout; and three of the seven multi-chip light emitters surround approximately Rotated about 180 degrees about an axis perpendicular to its emission plane, or (2) Assuming that three of the seven multi-chip emitters are tilted by the minimum amount necessary to be in an orientation relative to the other multi-chip emitters, wherein the minimum amount is tilted in accordance with the seven multi-chip emitters The rotation angle of the plane defined by any three points in the three multi-chip luminous bodies in the multi-chip luminous body is measured; in this orientation, the first plane containing the first ray is parallel to the second plane containing the second ray , the first ray is defined as extending from the center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the solid-state light emitter in the multi-chip light emitter, and the second ray is defined as extending from one of the other multi-chip light emitters The center of gravity of the multi-chip light emitter extends to the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter on one of the other multi-chip light emitters; wherein the direction of the first light ray is about 180 degrees from the direction of the second light ray Differentiate; The lighting device includes at least a third multi-chip light emitter spatially offset by 0 degrees relative to the first multi-chip light emitter such that The first multi-chip light emitter and the third multi-chip light emitter have a similar layout; and the first multi-chip light emitter is rotated relative to the third multi-chip light emitter about an axis substantially perpendicular to its emission plane about 0 degrees, or (2) Assuming that the first multi-chip light emitter is in an orientation relative to the third multi-chip light emitter, the minimum amount of inclination necessary for any three in the first multi-chip light emitter Measured by the angle of rotation of a plane defined by a point; in this orientation, a first plane containing a first ray defined from the center of gravity of the first multi-chip light emitter is parallel to a second plane containing a second ray extending to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter, the second light rays being defined as extending from the center of gravity of the third multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter on the third multi-chip light emitter; wherein, The direction of the first ray differs from the direction of the second ray by about 0 degrees. 9. The lighting device according to claim 1, wherein each multi-chip light emitter comprises a 2×2 array, and each 2×2 array comprises: (a) at least one red solid state light emitter; (b) At least one solid state light emitter emitting light having x,y color coordinates defining points within: (1) The area enclosed by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments on the 1931CIE chromaticity diagram, where the first line segment connects the first point and the second point, and the second line segment connects the second point and the third point, the third line segment connects the third point and the fourth point, the fourth line segment connects the fourth point and the fifth point, and the fifth line segment connects the fifth point and the first point; the x and y coordinates of the first point are 0.32, 0.40, the x, y coordinates of the second point are 0.36, 0.48, the x, y coordinates of the third point are 0.43, 0.45, the x, y coordinates of the fourth point are 0.42, 0.42, and the x, y coordinates of the fifth point are y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38; and/or (2) The area enclosed by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments on the 1931CIE chromaticity diagram, where the first line segment connects the first point and the second point, and the second line segment connects the second point and the third point, the third line segment connects the third point and the fourth point, the fourth line segment connects the fourth point and the fifth point, and the fifth line segment connects the fifth point and the first point; the x and y coordinates of the first point are 0.29, 0.36, the x, y coordinates of the second point are 0.32, 0.35, the x, y coordinates of the third point are 0.41, 0.43, the x, y coordinates of the fourth point are 0.44, 0.49, and the x, y coordinates of the fifth point are The y coordinates are 0.38, 0.53. 10. The lighting device of claim 9, wherein each 2×2 array comprises: (a) a red solid state light emitter; (b) Three solid state light emitters emitting light having x,y color coordinates defining points within: (1) The area enclosed by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments on the 1931CIE chromaticity diagram, where the first line segment connects the first point and the second point, and the second line segment connects the second point and the third point, the third line segment connects the third point and the fourth point, the fourth line segment connects the fourth point and the fifth point, and the fifth line segment connects the fifth point and the first point; the x and y coordinates of the first point are 0.32, 0.40, the x, y coordinates of the second point are 0.36, 0.48, the x, y coordinates of the third point are 0.43, 0.45, the x, y coordinates of the fourth point are 0.42, 0.42, and the x, y coordinates of the fifth point are y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38; and/or (2) The area enclosed by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments on the 1931CIE chromaticity diagram, where the first line segment connects the first point and the second point, and the second line segment connects the second point and the third point, the third line segment connects the third point and the fourth point, the fourth line segment connects the fourth point and the fifth point, and the fifth line segment connects the fifth point and the first point; the x and y coordinates of the first point are 0.29, 0.36, the x, y coordinates of the second point are 0.32, 0.35, the x, y coordinates of the third point are 0.41, 0.43, the x, y coordinates of the fourth point are 0.44, 0.49, and the x, y coordinates of the fifth point are The y coordinates are 0.38, 0.53. 11. The lighting device of claim 9, wherein each 2×2 array comprises: (a) two red solid state light emitters; (b) Two solid state light emitters emitting light having x,y color coordinates defining points within: (1) The area enclosed by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments on the 1931CIE chromaticity diagram, where the first line segment connects the first point and the second point, and the second line segment connects the second point and the third point, the third line segment connects the third point and the fourth point, the fourth line segment connects the fourth point and the fifth point, and the fifth line segment connects the fifth point and the first point; the x and y coordinates of the first point are 0.32, 0.40, the x, y coordinates of the second point are 0.36, 0.48, the x, y coordinates of the third point are 0.43, 0.45, the x, y coordinates of the fourth point are 0.42, 0.42, and the x, y coordinates of the fifth point are y coordinates of 0.36, 0.38; and/or (2) The area enclosed by the first, second, third, fourth and fifth line segments on the 1931CIE chromaticity diagram, where the first line segment connects the first point and the second point, and the second line segment connects the second point and the third point, the third line segment connects the third point and the fourth point, the fourth line segment connects the fourth point and the fifth point, and the fifth line segment connects the fifth point and the first point; the x and y coordinates of the first point are 0.29, 0.36, the x, y coordinates of the second point are 0.32, 0.35, the x, y coordinates of the third point are 0.41, 0.43, the x, y coordinates of the fourth point are 0.44, 0.49, and the x, y coordinates of the fifth point are The y coordinates are 0.38, 0.53. 12. A lighting device, characterized in that it comprises: solid state light emitter support member, and at least a first multi-chip light emitter, a second multi-chip light emitter, and a third multi-chip light emitter; The solid state light emitter support member includes a central region, at least a first protrusion, a second protrusion, a first radius and a second radius, the first protrusion and the second protrusion extend from the central region, the first radius extends from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member along the first protrusion, a second radius extending from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member along the second protrusion, said first and second radii are at least 30 percent longer than a third radius: said third radius extending from a center of gravity of said solid state light emitter support member to a first location on an edge of said solid state light emitter support member, Wherein the first position is between the first protrusion and the second protrusion; the first multi-chip light emitter is mounted on the first protrusion, and the second multi-chip light emitter is mounted on on said second protrusion; The first multi-chip light emitter includes at least a first solid state light emitter, a second solid state light emitter, a third solid state light emitter, and a fourth solid state light emitter, The second multi-chip light emitter includes at least a fifth solid state light emitter, a sixth solid state light emitter, a seventh solid state light emitter, and an eighth solid state light emitter, The third multi-chip light emitter includes at least a ninth solid state light emitter, a tenth solid state light emitter, an eleventh solid state light emitter, and a twelfth solid state light emitter, said first solid state light emitter emits light of a first hue, the second solid state light emitter emits light of a second hue, the fifth solid state light emitter emits a fifth shade of light, the sixth solid state light emitter emits light of a sixth hue, the ninth solid state light emitter emits light of a ninth hue, the tenth solid state light emitter emits a tenth shade of light, said first hue differs from said fifth hue by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said first shade differs from said ninth shade by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said fifth shade differs from said ninth shade by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said first hue differs from each of said second, sixth and tenth shades by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said fifth shade differs from each of said second, sixth, and tenth shades by more than seven MacAdam ellipses, said ninth shade differs from each of said second, sixth, and tenth shades by more than seven MacAdam ellipses, Any solid state light emitter in the second multi-chip light emitter has a hue that differs from the first hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, wherein any solid state light emitter is spatially relative to the first solid state light emitter. The offset on is less than 10 degrees, making the (1) The first multi-chip light emitter and the second multi-chip light emitter have a similar layout; and the first multi-chip light emitter surrounds an emission plane approximately perpendicular to the second multi-chip light emitter axis rotation of less than 10 degrees, or (2) The minimum amount of inclination necessary to assume that the first multi-chip light emitter is in an orientation relative to the second multi-chip light emitter, wherein the minimum amount is in accordance with any three in the first multi-chip light emitter. Measured by the angle of rotation of a plane defined by a point; in this orientation, a first plane containing a first ray defined from said first multi-chip emitter is parallel to a second plane containing a second ray The center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter extends to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter, and the second light ray is defined as extending from the center of gravity of the second multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter; wherein the first ray of light The direction differs by less than 10 degrees from the direction of the second ray. 13. The lighting device of claim 12, wherein any solid state light emitter in the second multi-chip light emitter has a hue that differs from the first hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, wherein the any of said solid state light emitters is less than 80 degrees spatially offset relative to said first solid state light emitter; such that (1) The first multi-chip light emitter and the second multi-chip light emitter have a similar layout; and the first multi-chip light emitter surrounds an emission plane approximately perpendicular to the second multi-chip light emitter the axis rotation is less than 80 degrees, or (2) The minimum amount of inclination necessary to assume that the first multi-chip light emitter is in an orientation relative to the second multi-chip light emitter, wherein the minimum amount is in accordance with any three in the first multi-chip light emitter. Measured by the angle of rotation of a plane defined by a point; in this orientation, a first plane containing a first ray defined from said first multi-chip emitter is parallel to a second plane containing a second ray The center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter extends to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter, and the second light ray is defined as extending from the center of gravity of the second multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter; wherein the first The direction of the light differs from the direction of the second light by less than 80 degrees. 14. A lighting device as claimed in claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the lighting device comprises at least a fourth multi-chip light emitter having a similar layout. 15. The lighting device of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the fifth solid state light emitter is spatially offset by about 90 degrees relative to the first solid state light emitter; such that (1) The first multi-chip light emitter and the second multi-chip light emitter have a similar layout; and the first multi-chip light emitter surrounds an emission plane approximately perpendicular to the second multi-chip light emitter The axis is rotated approximately 90 degrees, or (2) The minimum amount of inclination necessary to assume that the first multi-chip light emitter is in an orientation relative to the second multi-chip light emitter, wherein the minimum amount is in accordance with any three in the first multi-chip light emitter. Measured by the angle of rotation of a plane defined by a point; in this orientation, a first plane containing a first ray defined from said first multi-chip emitter is parallel to a second plane containing a second ray The center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter extends to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter, and the second light ray is defined as extending from the center of gravity of the second multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the fifth solid state light emitter; wherein the first solid state light emitter The direction of the ray differs by about 90 degrees from the direction of the second ray. 16. The lighting device of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein the fifth solid state light emitter is spatially offset relative to the first solid state light emitter by about 180 degrees; such that (1) The first multi-chip light emitter and the second multi-chip light emitter have a similar layout; and the first multi-chip light emitter surrounds an emission plane approximately perpendicular to the second multi-chip light emitter The axis is rotated approximately 180 degrees, or (2) The minimum amount of inclination necessary to assume that the first multi-chip light emitter is in an orientation relative to the second multi-chip light emitter, wherein the minimum amount is in accordance with any three in the first multi-chip light emitter. Measured by the angle of rotation of a plane defined by a point; in this orientation, a first plane containing a first ray defined from said first multi-chip emitter is parallel to a second plane containing a second ray The center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter extends to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter, and the second light ray is defined as extending from the center of gravity of the second multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the fifth solid state light emitter; wherein the first solid state light emitter The direction of the ray differs by about 180 degrees from the direction of the second ray. 17. A lighting element comprising a solid state light emitter support member and at least a first multi-chip light emitter, a second multi-chip light emitter, and a third multi-chip light emitter, The solid state light emitter support member includes: central area, and at least a first protrusion, a second protrusion and a third protrusion extending from said central region, a first radius extending from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member along the first protrusion, a second radius extending from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member along the second protrusion, a third radius extending from a center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member along the third protrusion, The first, second, and third radii are at least 30% longer than each of the following radii: a fourth radius extending from the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member to a first location on an edge of the solid state light emitter support member, wherein the first location is between the first protrusion and between the second protrusions, a fifth radius extending from the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member to a second location on an edge of the solid state light emitter support member, wherein the second location is between the second protrusion and between the third protrusions, and a sixth radius extending from the center of gravity of the solid state light emitter support member to a third location on an edge of the solid state light emitter support member, wherein the third location is between the third protrusion and between the first protrusions; The first multi-chip light emitter is mounted on the first protrusion, the second multi-chip light emitter is mounted on the second bump, and The third multi-chip light emitter is installed on the third protrusion, The first multi-chip light emitter includes at least a first solid state light emitter and a second solid state light emitter, the second multi-chip light emitter includes at least a third solid state light emitter and a fourth solid state light emitter, said first solid state light emitter emits light of a first hue, the second solid state light emitter emits light of a second hue, the third solid state light emitter emits a third shade of light, the fourth solid state light emitter emits light of a fourth hue, The number of MacAdam ellipses that distinguish said first hue from said third hue is less than the number of MacAdam ellipses that distinguish each other from: said first hue is distinct from said second hue, said first hue is distinct from said fourth hue, said second hue is distinct from said third hue, said second hue is distinct from said fourth hue, or said third hue is distinct from said fourth hue, and said first solid state light emitter is spatially offset relative to said third solid state light emitter by at least 10 degrees; such that (1) The first multi-chip light emitter and the second multi-chip light emitter have a similar layout; and the first multi-chip light emitter surrounds an emission plane approximately perpendicular to the second multi-chip light emitter axis rotated by at least 10 degrees, or (2) The minimum amount of inclination necessary to assume that the first multi-chip light emitter is in an orientation relative to the second multi-chip light emitter, wherein the minimum amount is in accordance with any three in the first multi-chip light emitter. Measured by the angle of rotation of a plane defined by a point; in this orientation, a first plane containing a first ray defined from said first multi-chip emitter is parallel to a second plane containing a second ray The center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter extends to the center of gravity of the first solid state light emitter, and the second light ray is defined as extending from the center of gravity of the second multi-chip light emitter to the center of gravity of the third solid state light emitter; wherein the first The direction of the ray differs from the direction of the second ray by at least 10 degrees. 18. The lighting element of claim 17, wherein: said first hue differs from said third hue by no more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said first hue differs from said second hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said first hue differs from said fourth hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said second shade differs from said third shade by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, said second shade differs from said fourth shade by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses, and The tertiary hue differs from the fourth hue by more than 7 MacAdam ellipses.