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CN102818686B - Grid-control TWT metal grid mesh Modal Experimental Method - Google Patents

Grid-control TWT metal grid mesh Modal Experimental Method Download PDF

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CN102818686B
CN102818686B CN201110153320.7A CN201110153320A CN102818686B CN 102818686 B CN102818686 B CN 102818686B CN 201110153320 A CN201110153320 A CN 201110153320A CN 102818686 B CN102818686 B CN 102818686B
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CN102818686A (en
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宋芳芳
何小琦
恩云飞
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China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种栅控行波管金属栅网模态试验方法,它包括如下步骤:(1)采用逐点激励、单点拾振的方法,在栅网试件上布置测点;(2)用锤击法给栅网结构以激振,同时测出其响应;(3)将得到的信号经A/D转换器进行采样后输入计算机,计算出激励点与响应点的传递函数,得到栅网的频率;(4)用声波激励的方法对栅网结构进行整体激励,用激光测振仪测取各点的响应,并实时在计算机内进行传递函数曲线的拟合得到栅网的模态振型。

The invention discloses a modal test method for a metal grid of a grid-controlled traveling wave tube, which comprises the following steps: (1) adopting a point-by-point excitation and a single-point vibration pickup method, and arranging measuring points on a grid test piece; 2) Use the hammering method to excite the grid structure, and measure its response at the same time; (3) Input the obtained signal into the computer after being sampled by the A/D converter, and calculate the transfer function of the excitation point and the response point, Obtain the frequency of the grid; (4) Excite the grid structure as a whole with the method of acoustic wave excitation, measure the response of each point with a laser vibrometer, and carry out the fitting of the transfer function curve in the computer in real time to obtain the grid structure Mode shape.

Description

栅控行波管金属栅网模态试验方法Modal test method for grid-controlled traveling wave tube metal grid

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及行波管,尤其涉及一种栅控行波管金属栅网模态试验方法。The invention relates to a traveling wave tube, in particular to a modal test method for a grid-controlled traveling wave tube metal grid.

背景技术 Background technique

行波管是广泛使用的最重要电子器件之一。行波管的一些使用环境非常恶劣,需要具有很强的抗振动、冲击性能。为了验证行波管的抗振性能,需要对行波管进行振动试验,而模态试验又是其他振动试验分析的基础,模态试验中检测到产品的模态参数(固有频率和振型)是承受动态载荷结构设计中的重要参数。Traveling wave tubes are one of the most important electronic devices in widespread use. Some traveling wave tubes are used in very harsh environments, requiring strong anti-vibration and shock performance. In order to verify the anti-vibration performance of the traveling wave tube, it is necessary to conduct a vibration test on the traveling wave tube, and the modal test is the basis of other vibration test analysis. The modal parameters (natural frequency and mode shape) of the product are detected in the modal test. It is an important parameter in the design of structures bearing dynamic loads.

目前国内的模态试验仅是针对一些大型机械结构,如飞机、汽车、船舶、桥梁和建筑等,行波管的结构一般是比较复杂的微型结构,并且其密封特性也使得内部的模态参数无法通过成品直接检测。目前国内一些单位也仅通过计算机模拟仿真的方法得到行波管微型结构内部的模态参数,并没有一套完整的模态验证系统来验证其模拟结果的准确性。At present, domestic modal tests are only aimed at some large-scale mechanical structures, such as aircraft, automobiles, ships, bridges and buildings. It cannot be directly detected by the finished product. At present, some domestic units only obtain the internal modal parameters of the TWT microstructure through computer simulation, and do not have a complete modal verification system to verify the accuracy of the simulation results.

行波管内部部件结构更加非常复杂和微小,如轮辐状栅网是行波管中因振动而失效的薄弱部件,这种轻而柔的微结构的动力学特性已成为行波管稳定性和可靠性研究的重要方向。就微结构动力学研究而言,目前主要还依赖于数值模拟,至今还没有一套系统的用于微结构动力学特征参数分析的试验方法。The structure of the internal parts of the traveling wave tube is more complex and tiny. For example, the spoke-shaped grid is a weak part in the traveling wave tube that fails due to vibration. The dynamic characteristics of this light and soft microstructure have become the stability and An important direction of reliability research. As far as microstructure dynamics research is concerned, at present it mainly relies on numerical simulation, and there is no systematic test method for analyzing the characteristic parameters of microstructure dynamics.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

针对现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的是提供一种栅控行波管金属栅网模态试验方法,用于检测微型结构电子产品的模态参数,掌握其结构的动力特性,检验其抗振性能,解决了行波管这类真空电子器件的微型结构——轮辐状金属栅网的模态验证难题。Aiming at the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a modal test method for grid-controlled traveling wave tube metal grid, which is used to detect the modal parameters of microstructure electronic products, grasp the dynamic characteristics of its structure, and test its resistance Vibration performance, which solves the problem of modal verification of the microstructure of vacuum electronic devices such as traveling wave tubes - spoke-shaped metal grids.

为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:一种栅控行波管金属栅网模态试验方法,它包括如下步骤:(1)采用逐点激励、单点拾振的方法,在栅网试件上布置测点;(2)用锤击法给栅网结构以激振,同时测出其响应;(3)将得到的信号经A/D转换器进行采样后输入计算机,计算出激励点与响应点的传递函数,得到栅网的频率;(4)用声波激励的方法对栅网结构进行整体激励,用激光测振仪测取各点的响应,并实时在计算机内进行传递函数曲线的拟合得到栅网的模态振型。In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a modal test method for a grid-controlled TWT metal grid, which includes the following steps: (1) adopting point-by-point excitation and single-point vibration pickup method, Arrange measuring points on the test piece; (2) Use the hammering method to excite the grid structure, and measure its response at the same time; (3) Input the obtained signal into the computer after being sampled by the A/D converter, and calculate the excitation The transfer function of the point and the response point is used to obtain the frequency of the grid; (4) The grid structure is excited as a whole by the method of acoustic wave excitation, and the response of each point is measured by a laser vibrometer, and the transfer function is carried out in the computer in real time. The modal shape of the grid is obtained by fitting the curve.

进一步地,在步骤(1)中,在栅网的薄壳上共布置68个测点,形成栅网的网格结构。Further, in step (1), a total of 68 measuring points are arranged on the thin shell of the grid to form a grid structure of the grid.

进一步地,将栅网固定在钻孔的夹具上,与实际约束一致。Further, the grid was fixed on the drilled jig, consistent with the practical constraints.

优选地,所述夹具采用刚性好、重量低、具有较高的刚性质量比和高阻尼特性的铝合金材料,夹具用整块材料加工而成,夹具与试品的重心与试验台面中心重合。Preferably, the fixture is made of an aluminum alloy material with good rigidity, low weight, high rigidity-to-mass ratio, and high damping characteristics. The fixture is processed from a single piece of material, and the center of gravity of the fixture and the test object coincides with the center of the test table.

与现有技术相比,本发明采用锤击确定固有频率,声激励确定振型的激励方法,解决了微型结构因频率过高而激振不起来的问题;采用栅网固定在钻孔的夹具上,与实际约束一致的结构支承方法。解决微型结构——行波管栅网的安装与定位的问题;采用激光束代替传统的传感器方法,采集栅网上振动响应信号,解决了因微型结构的尺寸太小、无法表贴传感器而无法获得完成信号探测的难题。Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses hammering to determine the natural frequency and acoustic excitation to determine the vibration mode, which solves the problem that the microstructure cannot be excited due to too high a frequency; the grid is used to fix the clamp on the drilled hole Above, a structural support method consistent with practical constraints. Solve the problem of installation and positioning of the microstructure-traveling wave tube grid; use the laser beam instead of the traditional sensor method to collect the vibration response signal on the grid, and solve the problem that the microstructure is too small to be surface-mounted. Complete the signal detection puzzle.

附图说明 Description of drawings

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

图1是试验系统示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the test system.

图2是行波管栅网试验样品图。Figure 2 is a sample diagram of the traveling wave tube grid test.

图3是栅网模态试验装置图。Figure 3 is a diagram of the grid modal test device.

图4是栅网结构模态试验系统图。Figure 4 is a diagram of the grid structure modal test system.

图5是栅网模型振动测点布置图。Figure 5 is a layout diagram of the grid model vibration measuring points.

图6是栅网的振动曲线及频谱图。Fig. 6 is the vibration curve and spectrum diagram of the grid.

图7是单频声波激振下栅网的频谱图。Fig. 7 is a spectrum diagram of the grid under single-frequency acoustic wave excitation.

图8是栅网的模态试验振型图。Figure 8 is a modal test mode diagram of the grid.

图9是栅网仿真计算结果图。Fig. 9 is a diagram of grid simulation calculation results.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

本发明采用频域识别法进行对栅网的薄壳结构的试验模态分析。采用逐点激励,单点拾振的方法,在栅网试件上布置了68个测点,用锤击法给栅网结构以激振,同时测出其响应,接着将信号经A/D转换器进行采样后输入计算机,这些数据经快速Fourier(FFT)变换,则计算出激励点与响应点的传递函数,得到栅网的频率。然后用声波激励的方法对栅网结构进行整体激励,用激光测振仪测取各点的响应,并实时在计算机内进行传递函数曲线的拟合得到栅网的模态振型。试验模态法是直接测量系统固有频率和振型的一种试验方法,它通过同时测量系统的输入信号和输出信号,根据试验测得的传递函数曲线,进行曲线拟合,从而计算固有频率、模态刚度、模态质量等。在实际结构或模型振动试验中,得出结构的自振频率是许多试验的目的,用锤击法测出结构的自振频率是一种比较经济、理想的测振方法,这种方法可实现多点激振(用力锤对多点敲击)和单点响应,在计算机上实时显示锤击频响曲线,通过多次叠加平均计算出每个锤击测振点的传递函数、自功率谱、互功率谱、相干函数和傅立叶谱。在行波管轮辐状栅网微型结构模态试验验证技术中,针对栅网这种特殊结构——拱形镂空结构、质量轻而柔,无法贴装传感器,其振动试验系统的搭建主要解决激励方法、信号采集和结构支承等关键问题。The invention adopts the frequency domain identification method to analyze the test mode of the thin shell structure of the grid. Using the method of point-by-point excitation and single-point vibration pickup, 68 measuring points are arranged on the grid test piece, and the grid structure is excited by the hammering method, and its response is measured at the same time, and then the signal is passed through the A/D The converter takes samples and inputs them into the computer, and these data are transformed by fast Fourier (FFT), then the transfer function between the excitation point and the response point is calculated, and the frequency of the grid is obtained. Then the grid structure is excited as a whole by the method of acoustic wave excitation, the response of each point is measured by the laser vibrometer, and the mode shape of the grid is obtained by fitting the transfer function curve in the computer in real time. The test modal method is a test method to directly measure the natural frequency and mode shape of the system. It measures the input signal and output signal of the system at the same time, and performs curve fitting according to the transfer function curve measured by the test, so as to calculate the natural frequency, Modal stiffness, modal mass, etc. In the actual structure or model vibration test, it is the purpose of many tests to obtain the natural frequency of the structure. It is a relatively economical and ideal vibration measurement method to measure the natural frequency of the structure by hammering. This method can realize Multi-point excitation (multi-point percussion with a hammer) and single-point response, real-time display of the hammer frequency response curve on the computer, and calculation of the transfer function and self-power spectrum of each hammer vibration measurement point through multiple superimposed averages , cross power spectrum, coherence function and Fourier spectrum. In the modal test and verification technology of the micro-structure of the traveling wave tube spoke-shaped grid, for the special structure of the grid-the arched hollow structure, light and soft in weight, and unable to mount sensors, the construction of the vibration test system mainly solves the problem of excitation Key issues such as method, signal acquisition and structural support.

请参阅图1和图4,振动试验的测试系统由三部分组成:(1)激励系统。激励系统主要包括激振器,由它完成对试件的激励。典型的激励装置有激振器系统、冲击锤、阶跃激励装置。激励方式有单点激励、多点激励和单点分区激励。试验中采用的力锤和声波激励两种激励方式,。(2)测量部分。测量部分主要是数据采集,包括传感器、电荷放大器及有关连接部分。其功能是把被测量(力和响应加速度)通过传感器变换成电信号,然后经电荷放大器或衰减后,进入信号分析软件处理系统进行处理。由于栅网的特殊结构,用激光束代替加速度传感器,采集栅网上振动响应信号,测出栅网相关点的形变量。试验中采用PSV-300激光扫描系统对栅网进行结构模态试验。首先由激光头内部的微型摄像头将栅网摄像后把图形传至计算机并进行扫描试验前的布点,启动采集器后,激光将自动按扫描顺序进行扫描试验与测点的数据采集,并实时在计算机内进行频响函数分析处理。试验得到结构的前三阶固有频率与计算值非常接近,最大测量相对误差为3.5%。(3)信号处理系统。分析部分主要包括分析仪及微机(软件包)、打印机等外围设备。分析仪的作用是测量和分析由传感器或激光器所产生的信号,直至获取传递函数数据,它是以快速傅立叶变换(FFT)技术为核心的数字信号分析系统。Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4, the test system of the vibration test consists of three parts: (1) excitation system. The excitation system mainly includes a vibrator, which completes the excitation of the specimen. Typical excitation devices include exciter systems, impact hammers, and step excitation devices. There are single-point incentives, multi-point incentives and single-point partition incentives. Two excitation methods, hammer and sonic excitation, were used in the test. (2) Measurement part. The measurement part is mainly data acquisition, including sensors, charge amplifiers and related connection parts. Its function is to convert the measured (force and response acceleration) into an electrical signal through the sensor, and then enter the signal analysis software processing system for processing after the charge amplifier or attenuation. Due to the special structure of the grid, the laser beam is used instead of the acceleration sensor to collect the vibration response signal on the grid and measure the deformation of the relevant points of the grid. In the test, the PSV-300 laser scanning system is used to conduct structural modal tests on the grid. Firstly, the micro-camera inside the laser head captures the images of the grid and then transmits the graphics to the computer and arranges the points before the scanning test. After starting the collector, the laser will automatically perform the scanning test and the data collection of the measuring points in the scanning order, and in real time. The frequency response function is analyzed and processed in the computer. The first three natural frequencies of the structure obtained by the test are very close to the calculated values, and the maximum measurement relative error is 3.5%. (3) Signal processing system. The analysis part mainly includes peripheral equipment such as analyzers, microcomputers (software packages), and printers. The role of the analyzer is to measure and analyze the signal generated by the sensor or laser until the transfer function data is obtained. It is a digital signal analysis system with fast Fourier transform (FFT) technology as its core.

请参阅图3,试验用的夹具是一种为栅网微型结构模态试验专门设计的试验夹具,其支撑方式与栅网在行波管枪体中的实际焊接情况一致。其采用刚性好、重量低、具有较高的刚性质量比和高阻尼特性的铝合金材料;夹具用整块材料加工而成,消除夹具的自激振荡;所有接触面达到所需的平整度以保证良好的机械接触,并保证夹具与试品的重心与试验台面中心重合。Please refer to Figure 3. The test fixture is a test fixture specially designed for the grid microstructure modal test, and its support mode is consistent with the actual welding of the grid in the gun body of the traveling wave tube. It adopts aluminum alloy material with good rigidity, low weight, high rigidity-to-mass ratio and high damping characteristics; the fixture is processed from a single piece of material to eliminate the self-excited oscillation of the fixture; all contact surfaces achieve the required flatness and Ensure good mechanical contact, and ensure that the center of gravity of the fixture and the test object coincides with the center of the test table.

请参阅图5,为了全面反映栅网的动态特性,同时考虑其结构的特点,在栅网薄壳的孔节点处共布置了68个测点,形成栅网的网格结构试验中首先由激光头内部的微型摄像头将栅网摄像后把图形传至计算机并进行扫描试验的测试布点,启动采集器后,激光将自动按扫描顺序进行扫描试验与数据采集,并实时在计算机内进行频响函数分析处理。Please refer to Figure 5. In order to fully reflect the dynamic characteristics of the grid and consider its structural characteristics, a total of 68 measuring points were arranged at the hole nodes of the thin shell of the grid. The micro-camera inside the head captures the grid and transmits the graphics to the computer for the test layout of the scanning test. After the collector is started, the laser will automatically perform the scanning test and data collection in the scanning order, and perform the frequency response function in the computer in real time. Analytical processing.

请参阅图2和图3,为了获得行波管振动打火的薄弱部位的振动特性参数,对栅控行波管控制栅网样品进行了模态试验,通过对试验采集的结构的输入与输出信号经过参数识别获得模态参数,得到模态固有频率、阻尼比和模态振形,搞清楚结构在某一感兴趣的频率范围内各阶主要模态的特性,通过振形动画能够清晰的观察出栅网的变形,这样可以准确的对结构设计做正确的修改,减少结构的不合理性,提高栅网的刚度。Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3. In order to obtain the vibration characteristic parameters of the weak part of the traveling wave tube vibration and ignition, a modal test was carried out on the control grid sample of the grid-controlled traveling wave tube. Through the input and output of the structure collected by the test The modal parameters of the signal are obtained through parameter identification, and the modal natural frequency, damping ratio and mode shape are obtained, so as to find out the characteristics of the main modes of each order of the structure in a certain frequency range of interest, and the animation of the vibration shape can clearly Observe the deformation of the grid, so that the correct modification can be made to the structural design, the irrationality of the structure can be reduced, and the rigidity of the grid can be improved.

测试结果:Test Results:

1、栅网振动固有频率。请参阅图6,将栅网固定在夹具上,并用力锤敲击栅网,同时用激光测振仪测量栅网的振动,通过测量得到的栅网振动曲线作频谱分析,获得栅网的固有频率,其频谱峰值数据见表1。1. The natural frequency of grid vibration. Please refer to Figure 6, fix the grid on the fixture, hit the grid with a hammer, and measure the vibration of the grid with a laser vibrometer, and perform spectrum analysis on the vibration curve of the grid to obtain the inherent characteristics of the grid. Frequency, its spectrum peak data are shown in Table 1.

表1  频谱峰值列表(工程单位:mm/s)Table 1 Spectrum peak list (engineering unit: mm/s)

  序号 serial number   频率 frequency   幅值谱Peak Amplitude spectrum Peak   阻尼比 Damping ratio   01 01   14235.9 14235.9   11.4748 11.4748   0.063% 0.063%   02 02   18331.1 18331.1   5.71416 5.71416   0.142% 0.142%   03 03   22538.6 22538.6   1.61977 1.61977   0.120% 0.120%

2、振型获取。请参阅图7和图8,用单频声波激振栅网,,用激光测振仪测取各点的振动信息,并经处理得到栅网的前三阶的振型。从图8可知栅网结构自身的模态频率很高,在行波管振动环境考核试验中不会因栅网共振发生大形变而导致阴栅间距过小。栅网在整管中随行波管其他结构发生平动。2. Acquisition of vibration mode. Please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8, the grid is excited by a single-frequency sound wave, and the vibration information of each point is measured by a laser vibrometer, and the vibration information of the first three orders of the grid is obtained after processing. It can be seen from Figure 8 that the modal frequency of the grid structure itself is very high, and the distance between the cathode grids will not be too small due to the large deformation of the grid resonance in the TWT vibration environment assessment test. The grid moves in translation along with other structures of the traveling wave tube in the whole tube.

请参阅图9,栅网的模拟结果和试验结果非常接近。做栅网这样的镂空结构模型的模态试验比较难做,本专利介绍的金属轮辐状栅网模态试验验证方法解决了这一难题,实际模态试验得到了理想的数据结果,能使模拟计算结果得到较好的验证。Please refer to Figure 9, the simulated and experimental results of the grid are very close. It is difficult to do the modal test of the hollow structure model such as the grid. The metal spoke grid modal test verification method introduced in this patent solves this problem. The actual modal test has obtained ideal data results, which can make the simulation The calculation results are well verified.

Claims (2)

1.一种栅控行波管金属栅网模态试验方法,其特征在于,它包括如下步骤:1. A grid-controlled TWT metal grid modal test method is characterized in that it comprises the steps: (1)采用逐点激励、单点拾振的方法,在栅网试件上布置测点;将栅网固定在钻孔的夹具上,与实际约束一致,所述夹具采用刚性好、重量低、具有较高的刚性质量比和高阻尼特性的铝合金材料,夹具用整块材料加工而成,夹具与试品的重心与试验台面中心重合;(1) Using the method of point-by-point excitation and single-point vibration pickup, the measuring points are arranged on the grid test piece; the grid is fixed on the jig of the drilled hole, which is consistent with the actual constraints. The jig adopts good rigidity and low weight , Aluminum alloy material with high rigidity-to-mass ratio and high damping characteristics, the fixture is processed from a whole piece of material, and the center of gravity of the fixture and the test object coincides with the center of the test table; (2)用锤击法给栅网结构以激振,同时测出其响应;(2) Use the hammering method to excite the grid structure and measure its response at the same time; (3)将得到的信号经A/D转换器进行采样后输入计算机,计算出激励点与响应点的传递函数,得到栅网的频率;(3) The signal obtained is sampled by the A/D converter and then input into the computer to calculate the transfer function of the excitation point and the response point to obtain the frequency of the grid; (4)用声波激励的方法对栅网结构进行整体激励,用激光测振仪测取各点的响应,并实时在计算机内进行传递函数曲线的拟合得到栅网的模态振型。(4) The grid structure is excited as a whole by the method of acoustic wave excitation, the response of each point is measured by a laser vibrometer, and the mode shape of the grid is obtained by fitting the transfer function curve in the computer in real time. 2.根据权利要求1所述的栅控行波管金属栅网模态试验方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,在栅网的薄壳上共布置68个测点,形成栅网的网格结构。2. the grid-controlled TWT metal grid modal test method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step (1), 68 measuring points are arranged altogether on the thin shell of the grid to form a grid grid structure.
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