CN102701859A - Sustained-release fertilizer taking biomass granular carbon as matrix and specially used for grape and preparation method of fertilizer - Google Patents
Sustained-release fertilizer taking biomass granular carbon as matrix and specially used for grape and preparation method of fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102701859A CN102701859A CN2012102009016A CN201210200901A CN102701859A CN 102701859 A CN102701859 A CN 102701859A CN 2012102009016 A CN2012102009016 A CN 2012102009016A CN 201210200901 A CN201210200901 A CN 201210200901A CN 102701859 A CN102701859 A CN 102701859A
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- charcoal
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 208000006558 Dental Calculus Diseases 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012773 agricultural material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 compound nitrogen phosphate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000021231 nutrient uptake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000019025 Hypokalemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002306 biochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sustained-release fertilizer taking biomass granular carbon as a matrix and specially used for grape and a preparation method of the fertilizer. The method comprises the following step of: compounding granular carbon which is prepared from agricultural waste biomass such as corncob, peanut shells, rice husks and an edible fungus matrix and is taken as a matrix material with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements which are necessary to the growth and development of the grape by using the multiple micropores and high adsorption capacity of the granular carbon to prepare a granular biomass carbon-based sustained-release fertilizer special for the grape. The used biomass granular carbon is black biomass granular carbon granules formed after the agricultural waste biomass is subjected to incomplete combustion under the low-oxygen condition, has multiple characteristics similar to those of soil humus, is high in nutrient and water adsorbing and retaining capacity, can stimulate crop growth, and is high in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium sustained-release performance, so that the sustained-release fertilizer prepared from the biomass granular carbon can effectively meet the requirement of the grape on nutrients in the whole growth period after being applied at one time, has the characteristics of increasing soil fertility, improving a soil structure, achieving high efficiency and environment friendliness, and the like, and is easily popularized and applied to grape production on a large scale.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the agricultural fertilizer production technical field, particularly a kind of is that the grape of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated and preparation method thereof with the biological particles charcoal.
Background technology
Both require output for grape production, but more should note quality.The rational application of fertilizer is the important factor of regulating yield and quality.Grape needs in good time, an amount of supply nitrogen, otherwise nitrogen is not enough, hinders chlorophyllous formation, and photosynthesis reduces, and plant strain growth is thin and weak, yields poorly; Nitrogen is too much, branches and leaves excessive growth, and berry aberration, and sugar degree is low, and quality descends.Grape needs the potassium amount big, and the title of " potassium matter crop " is arranged, and potash fertilizer is ripe, painted to promoting berry, improves sugar content, local flavor and storage tolerance and plays an important role.The fertilizer variety that present grape is used comprises fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and the fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is long, but nutrient content is low, can not satisfy the high yield needs fully; The chemical fertilizer that current grape is used mainly is a quick acting fertilizer, and they dissolve in soil soon, if applied once too much not only injures root system, loss and the phosphate fertilizer that also can cause nitrogen, potash fertilizer is by soil fixing, makes the fertilizer waste and the validity of grape is reduced.
The method one that in fertilising, addresses these problems at present is the consumption that increases fertilizer, the 2nd, and chemical fertilizer application is taked on a small quantity repeatedly.Along with the continuous expansion of wine-growing area, fertilizer can not be satisfied the demand, and peasant's labour intensity and recruitment cost repeatedly used and increased to chemical fertilizer.Adopt long-acting grape or slow special release fertilizer single fertilization more and more to receive peasant's welcome.Present slow release fertilizer both domestic and external generally all is to reach the purpose that prolongs fertilizer efficiency through physical methods such as coating, parcel, packing, coatings, like the coated fertilizer of bag Thio Urea, polymer coated fertilizer, fertilizer bag fertilizer, coated fertilizer and with instantly-soluble fertilizer and the mixing formed Wrapped fertilizer of rubber latex etc.The slow controlled-release technology that also has employing physics and biochemical method to combine is produced slow release fertilizer.The general cost of these fertilizer is higher, and seldom possesses hole and adsorptive power, and more not having increases soil fertility, improves characteristics such as Soil structure.
On the other hand, at present China has become one of maximum country of agriculture waste biomass generation in the world, it is reported; The gross annual output of all kinds of agricultural crop straws of China amount of giving birth to reaches more than 700,000,000 tons; Wherein straw is 2.3 hundred million tons, 2.7 hundred million tons of corn straws, 100,000,000 tons of peanut, beans and autumn coarse cereals stalks.The easiest way of handling stalk at present is directly to burn down on the farm.Burning season, once repeatedly taking place to land and the compelled close event of motorway, both wasting a large amount of precious resources, bringing severe contamination to environment again because of smog all over the sky causes flight.Therefore agriculture waste biomass outlet has become a great problem that solution is badly in need of in government department.Particularly along with the constantly raising of development and life of farmers level of level of agricultural production, fewer and feweri to utilizing of original agriculture waste biomass as fuel and fertilizer, agricultural wastes get more and more.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of particle charcoal with the preparation of agriculture waste biomass such as corn cob, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, rice husk, stalk, edible mushrooms matrix is substrate material; Utilize its many micropores, strong adsorptive power; To grow necessary nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutritive elements compound with grape growth; Prepare slow-release fertilizer dedicated method and the application of particulate biomass charcoal base grape, can satisfy the needs that grape is produced better.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following:
A kind of is that the grape of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated with the biological particles charcoal, contains
1. biological particles charcoal; With
2. sticker; With
3. one or more in nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer.
Content by weight percentage:
The content of biological particles charcoal is 10-50%;
Described is that the slow-release fertilizer dedicated total nutrient content of grape of matrix is 27-33% with the biological particles charcoal; Said total nutrient be meant nitrogen (N) or/and available phosphorus (P2O5) or/and effective potassium (K2O), wherein nitrogenous (N) amount is 10-12%; Contain available phosphorus (P2O5) amount and be 4-6%; Contain effective potassium (K2O) amount and be 13-15%.
Described biological particles charcoal is one or more in corn cob granule charcoal, rice husk particle charcoal, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae particle charcoal, stalk particle charcoal, the mushroom dish particle charcoal.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is one or more in urea, an ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and any other nitrogenous fertilizer.
Described phosphate fertilizer is that monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate of lime, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, nitrophosphate fertilizer and any contains one or more in the phosphatic manure.
Described potash fertilizer is that vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, potassium primary phosphate and any other contain in the potassic fertilizer one or more.
Described trace element fertilizer is one or more in the trace element fertilizers such as boron, zinc, manganese, iron, copper or molybdenum.
Biological particles charcoal among the present invention is preferably and adopts anoxic destructive distillation decomposition technique production agriculture waste biological particles charcoal under the inferior hot conditions.Described agriculture waste biomass can be corn cob, rice husk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, stalk, edible mushrooms matrix etc., but are not limited thereto.
Said sticker is that wilkinite is or/and clay.
In order to play better slow release effect, according to the grape nutrient uptake feature, said is that slow-release fertilizer dedicated to contain following various composition simultaneously the most effective for the grape of matrix with the biological particles charcoal:
1) biological particles charcoal; With
2) sticker; With
3) urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate and borax.
Each component content is slow-release fertilizer dedicated to produce 1 ton of charcoal base grape:
Biological particles carbon particle 200-300 kilogram/ton
Urea 170-190 kilogram/ton
Ammonium sulfate 60-70 kilogram/ton
Diammonium phosphate 60-100 kilogram/ton
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 80-100 kilogram/ton
Vitriolate of tartar 260-300 kilogram/ton
Zinc sulfate 8-10 kilogram/ton
Borax 12-15 kilogram/ton
Described biological particles carbon particle granularity 80-100 order; Described urea contains N:46%; Described ammonium sulfate contains N 21.2%, and described diammonium phosphate contains N 18%, P2O5 46%, and described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate contains P2O5:15%, described vitriolate of tartar contains K2O 50%; Described zinc sulfate contains zinc 20%～23%, described borax boracic 11%.
Also can further contain other little fertilizer, said other little fertilizer is selected from one or more in manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, the copper sulfate.Other little fertile total content is preferably 0.5-1%.The purity of various little fertilizer is preferably more than 90%.
It is the slow-release fertilizer dedicated preparation technology of grape of matrix that the present invention also further provides with the biological particles charcoal, comprises with various component mixing granulations particle diameter 3. 35-5.0mm.
It is the slow-release fertilizer dedicated purposes of grape of matrix that the present invention also further provides with the biological particles charcoal, once applies before the grape rudiment in spring, and preferred amount of application is 150-200 kilogram/mu.Application process is to open the dark ditch of 15-30cm from plant 30-50cm place's direct motion, fertilizer is applied in the ditch, pouring water behind the earthing.
Efficient charcoal base grape provided by the invention is slow-release fertilizer dedicated, is the durable composite fertilizer that is substrate material with organic biological particles charcoal.The biological particles charcoal that the present invention uses is the black biological particles charcoal particle (carbon black) that the agriculture waste biomass form behind the incomplete combustion under hypoxia condition, has the multifrequency nature of similar agron (acid), its absorption and keep the very capable of nutrient and moisture; Can also stimulate plant growth; Sustained release performance to nitrogen phosphorus potassium is good, and the slow-release fertilizer applied once of preparation can be supplied the grape whole growth phase effectively to nutrient demand thus; Utilization rate of fertilizer is high; And have the increase soil fertility, and improve characteristics such as Soil structure and high-efficiency environment friendly, help large-scale promotion application in grape is produced.
Compare with existing compound manure, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, had good sustained release effect, utilization rate of fertilizer is high.The charcoal base grape that the present invention produces is slow-release fertilizer dedicated to have extremely strong adsorptivity, water-retentivity and heating property of extinction, had good sustained release effect, and the fertilizer nutrient utilization ratio is high.After being manured into soil; Not only can hold fertilizer slow-release, reduce the fertilizer leaching loss, and heat the water conservation district owing to around each carbon granule, all can form a little extinction; Both helped increasing ground temperature, the slowly-releasing drought and water shortage is grown the influence that produces to grape growth to a certain extent again.
2, production technique is simple, and raw material is easy to get.The used substrate material of the present invention is biological particles charcoals such as corn cob, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, rice husk, stalk, edible mushrooms matrix, and raw material comes from the abandoned biomass of agriculture prodn, and is with low cost, inexhaustible; Equipment used is kibbler commonly used, simple and easy charring furnace, whisking appliance, granulating disc etc., and production unit is simple, and technical maturity is easy to industrialization.As long as improve slightly, existing fertilizer plant all can directly put into production.
3, environmentally friendly, safety and environmental protection.The used substrate material of the present invention itself is exactly utilization of waste material, and the needing no outside energy does not produce " three wastes " and pollutes the energy-conservation and environmental protection of production process; The plant-derived organism of biological particles charcoal, its staple are that charcoal is plain more than 90%, can natural decomposition in soil; Noresidue fully; Thereby in use environment is not had any pollution, and have the long-acting characteristic of the structure of improving the soil simultaneously concurrently, help the Sustainable development of agricultural.
4, potentiality to be exploited is huge.Grape is the fertile crop of happiness, the arable land nitrogen stress of China about 90%, and about 30% arable land lacks phosphorus, and about 25% arable land potassium deficiency, and serious, the low problem of utilization ratio of the on the low side and ubiquitous fertilizer loss of ground temperature in early spring become the important factor that perplexs this industry development.The present invention reaches as matrix through applying biological matter particle charcoal element and heats, slowly-releasing, economy, environmental protection, increase soil fertility, improves effect such as fertilizer efficiency, is a kind of revolutionary change of fertilizer industry.
Embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is made further specific descriptions below.
A kind of is that the grape of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated with the biological particles charcoal, comprises:
1. biological particles charcoal; With
2. sticker; With
3. one or more in nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer.
By weight or weight percent content:
The content of biological particles charcoal is 10-50%.
Described is that the slow-release fertilizer dedicated total nutrient content of grape of matrix is 27-33% with the biological particles charcoal, meets organic-inorganic composite fertilizer national standard.Described total nutrient is meant nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P2O5).Wherein nitrogenous (N) amount is 10-12%; Contain available phosphorus (P2O5) amount and be 4-6%; Contain effective potassium (K2O) amount and be 13-15%.
Described biological particles charcoal is one or more a mixture of corn cob granule charcoal, rice husk particle charcoal, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae particle charcoal, stalk particle charcoal or mushroom dish particle charcoal.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is one or more in urea, an ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and any other nitrogenous fertilizer.
Described phosphate fertilizer is that monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate of lime, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, nitrophosphate fertilizer and any contains one or more in the phosphatic manure.
Described potash fertilizer is that vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, potassium primary phosphate and any other contain in the potassic fertilizer one or more.
Described trace element fertilizer is one or more in the trace element fertilizers such as boron, zinc, manganese, iron, copper or molybdenum.
Biological particles charcoal among the present invention is preferably and adopts anoxic destructive distillation decomposition technique production agriculture waste biological particles charcoal under the inferior hot conditions.Described agriculture waste biomass can be corn cob, rice husk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, stalk, edible mushrooms matrix etc., but are not limited thereto.
Said sticker is that wilkinite is or/and clay.
In order to play better slow release effect,, be that slow-release fertilizer dedicated to contain following various composition simultaneously the most effective for the grape of matrix with the biological particles charcoal according to the grape nutrient uptake feature:
1) biological particles charcoal; With
2) sticker; With
3) urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate and borax.
Each component content is slow-release fertilizer dedicated to produce 1 ton of charcoal base grape:
Biological particles carbon particle 200-300 kilogram/ton
Urea 170-190 kilogram/ton
Ammonium sulfate 60-70 kilogram/ton
Diammonium phosphate 60-100 kilogram/ton
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 80-100 kilogram/ton
Vitriolate of tartar 260-300 kilogram/ton
Zinc sulfate 8-10 kilogram/ton
Borax 12-15 kilogram/ton
Described biological particles carbon particle granularity 80-100 orders; Described urea contains N:46%; Described ammonium sulfate contains N 21.2%, and described diammonium phosphate contains N 18%, P2O5 46%, and described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate contains P2O5:15%, described vitriolate of tartar contains K2O 50%; Described zinc sulfate contains zinc 20%～23%, described borax boracic 11%.
Area or field piece to lacking trace element can on purpose add other little fertilizer in this prescription, said other little fertilizer is selected from one or more of manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate.Other little fertilizer (manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate etc.) total content is preferably 0. 5-1% in the special-purpose disposable base fertilizer of grape.The purity of various little fertilizer is preferably more than 90%.
Described urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate, borax are all available on market, and be all on sale at Agricultural Materials shop.
Described other little fertilizer such as manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate etc. are all available on market, and are all on sale at Agricultural Materials shop.
The preferred granular urea of described urea (also being referred to as the urea powder).
Said is that the slow-release fertilizer dedicated preparation technology of grape of matrix comprises with various component mixing granulations particle diameter 3. 35-5.0mm with the biological particles charcoal.
Provided by the invention is that the grape of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated with the biological particles charcoal, uses simply, once applies before the grape rudiment in spring, exempts to topdress.Preferred amount of application is 150-200 kilogram/mu.Application process is to open the dark ditch of 15-30cm from plant 30-50cm place's direct motion, fertilizer is applied in the ditch, pouring water behind the earthing.
Embodiment 1: be the slow-release fertilizer dedicated preparation technology of grape of matrix with the biological particles charcoal
Mix with weight ratio or weight percent according to following step:
(1) nitrogenous (N) amount of getting is 46% granular urea; 80 purpose biological particles carbon particles; Mixed by 71.2%, 28.8%; The disc type tablets press (fertilizer prepares the conventional machinery in the process) that utilization has heating function carries out dressing, processes the simple substance slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of nitrogenous (N) amount 32.75%.
(2) nitrogenous (N) amount of getting is 21.2% ammonium sulfate, 80 purpose biological particles charcoal and stickers, and the mixed by 72.2%, 20.3% and 7.5% is carried out the pressure granulation with KP-300 type fertilizer tablets press, processes the slow-release nitrogen fertilizer of nitrogenous (N) amount 15. 31%.
(3) getting nitrogenous (N) amount is 18%; Contain available phosphorus (P2O5) amount and be 46% diammonium phosphate powder, 80 purpose biological particles carbon particle and stickers; Mixed by 71.3%, 21. 8% and 6.9%; Carry out the pressure granulation with KP-300 type fertilizer tablets press, process nitrogenous (N) amount 12.83%, contain available phosphorus (P2O5) amount and be 32.80% compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer.
(4) get that to contain available phosphorus (P2O5) amount be 15% fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, 80 purpose biological particles carbon particle and stickers; Mixed by 71.8%, 21. 2% and 7.0%; Carry out the pressure granulation with KP-300 type fertilizer tablets press, process that to contain available phosphorus (P2O5) amount be 10.77% slow-release phosphate fertilizer.
(5) get that to contain effective potassium (K2O) amount be that 50% vitriolate of tartar, 80 purpose biological particles carbon particles, sticker, zinc content are 23% zinc sulfate and boron fertilizer (Agricultural Materials shop is all available); Mixed by 66.9%, 20.5%, 7.1%, 2.2%, 3.3%; Carry out the pressure granulation with KP-300 type fertilizer tablets press, process potassium, zinc, the boron composite fertilizer of potassium content 33. 45%.
Further compound: the finished product of (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) in 25.2%, 9.0%, 11.3%, 12.6% and 41.9% ratio compound, and are stirred with ZLC-300 type stirrer (fertilizer prepares the conventional machinery in the process).
Also can further add 0.5% manganous sulfate and 0.5% copper sulfate, or add 1% ferrous sulfate, stir with ZLC-300 type stirrer (fertilizer prepares the conventional machinery in the process).
Described sticker is the Acidic Bentonite of PH 5.5-6.5.
Claims (7)
1. one kind is that the grape of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated with biological particles carbon, it is characterized in that containing:
1). the biological particles charcoal; With
2). sticker; With
3). one or more in nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer;
Content by weight percentage:
The content of biological particles charcoal is 10-50%;
Described is that the slow-release fertilizer dedicated total nutrient content of grape of matrix is 27-33% with the biological particles charcoal; Said total nutrient be meant nitrogen (N) or/and available phosphorus (P2O5) or/and effective potassium (K2O), wherein nitrogenous (N) amount is 10-12%; Contain available phosphorus (P2O5) amount and be 4-6%; Contain effective potassium (K2O) amount and be 13-15%;
Described biological particles charcoal is one or more in corn cob granule charcoal, rice husk particle charcoal, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae particle charcoal, stalk particle charcoal, the mushroom dish particle charcoal;
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is one or more in urea, an ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and any other nitrogenous fertilizer;
Described phosphate fertilizer is that monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate of lime, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, nitrophosphate fertilizer and any contains one or more in the phosphatic manure;
Described potash fertilizer is that vitriolate of tartar, Repone K, potassium primary phosphate and any other contain in the potassic fertilizer one or more;
Described trace element fertilizer is one or more in the trace element fertilizers such as boron, zinc, manganese, iron, copper or molybdenum;
Said sticker is that wilkinite is or/and clay.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of be that the grape of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated with biological particles carbon, it is characterized in that containing:
1) biological particles charcoal; With
2) sticker; With
3) urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, zinc sulfate and borax;
Each component content is slow-release fertilizer dedicated to produce 1 ton of charcoal base grape:
Biological particles carbon particle 200-300 kilogram/ton
Urea 170-190 kilogram/ton
Ammonium sulfate 60-70 kilogram/ton
Diammonium phosphate 60-100 kilogram/ton
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 80-100 kilogram/ton
Vitriolate of tartar 260-300 kilogram/ton
Zinc sulfate 8-10 kilogram/ton
Borax 12-15 kilogram/ton.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 a kind of is that the grape of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated with biological particles carbon; It is characterized in that described biological particles carbon particle granularity 80-100 orders, described urea contains N:46%, and described ammonium sulfate contains N 21.2%; Described diammonium phosphate contains N 18%, P2O5 46%; Described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate contains P2O5:15%, described vitriolate of tartar contains K2O 50%, and described zinc sulfate contains zinc 20%～23%, described borax boracic 11%.
4. according to claim 1 or claim 2 a kind of is that the grape of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated with biological particles carbon; It is characterized in that also further containing other little fertilizer, said other little fertilizer is selected from one or more in manganous sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, the copper sulfate.
5. as claimed in claim 4 a kind of be that the grape of matrix is slow-release fertilizer dedicated with biological particles carbon, it is characterized in that other little fertile total weight percent content is 0. 5-1%.
As claim 1-5 arbitrary described a kind of be the slow-release fertilizer dedicated preparation technology of grape of matrix with biological particles carbon, it is characterized in that described various component mixing granulations, particle diameter 3. 35-5.0mm.
As claim 1-6 arbitrary described a kind of be the slow-release fertilizer dedicated purposes of grape of matrix with biological particles carbon; It is characterized in that it as disposable base fertilizer; Amount of application is 150-200 kilogram/mu; Opening the dark ditch of 15-30cm, fertilizer is applied in the ditch from plant 30-50cm place's direct motion.
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| CN2012102009016A CN102701859A (en) | 2012-06-19 | 2012-06-19 | Sustained-release fertilizer taking biomass granular carbon as matrix and specially used for grape and preparation method of fertilizer |
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| CN103483096A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2014-01-01 | 武汉飞喜乐农业科技有限公司 | Special fertilizer for grape vines and preparation method thereof |
| CN104177201A (en) * | 2014-07-19 | 2014-12-03 | 叶集试验区富民高新葡萄种植专业合作社 | Special slow-release synergistic high-yield compound fertilizer for grapes |
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Application publication date: 20121003 |