CN102657868A - 5-羟色胺2受体拮抗剂或转运体抑制剂治疗脂肪肝或高脂血症 - Google Patents
5-羟色胺2受体拮抗剂或转运体抑制剂治疗脂肪肝或高脂血症 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及5-羟色胺2受体拮抗剂或转运体抑制剂治疗脂肪肝或高脂血症的用途。药理试验证明,5-羟色胺2受体拮抗剂或转运体抑制剂可有效治疗因高脂饲料导致的大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝及血脂紊乱,有望将5-羟色胺2受体拮抗剂或转运体抑制剂临床用于治疗脂肪肝或高脂血症。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体涉及5-羟色胺2受体拮抗剂或转运体抑制剂治疗脂肪肝或高脂血症的用途。
背景技术
非酒精性脂肪肝(Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD),即通常所说的脂肪肝,是一种病变主体发生在肝小叶,以肝细胞脂肪变性和脂肪堆积为病理特征但无过量饮酒史的临床综合征,主要与肥胖、高脂血症有关。根据其疾病发展的不同阶段主要分为单纯脂肪肝、脂肪性肝炎、脂肪性肝纤维化和脂肪性肝硬化四个病理过程。肥胖者多数具有NAFLD,肥胖及其所引起的疾病已成为现代人健康及死亡的第一杀手。饮食无节制,经常摄入高脂肪、高蛋白食物而致热量过剩导致肥胖,进而导致脂肪肝的形成。NAFLD时肝细胞中总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量明显增加,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL)的合成与排泄出现不均衡,可能导致血液中TG、TC、LDL、VLDL、FFA浓度升高、HDL浓度下降,即出现血脂紊乱,其中TC、TG、LDL浓度升高及HDL浓度下降是血脂紊乱的主要表现。这将使得发生动脉粥样硬化、高血压等心脑血管疾病、2型糖尿病等疾病的概率大增。
NAFLD治疗药物大致分类为:增加胰岛素敏感性及减轻IR药物,代表药物有噻唑烷二酮类药物和双胍类药物等;抗氧化剂,代表药物有维生素E、维生素C和水飞蓟素等;降低血脂的药物,代表药物有普伐他汀、辛伐他汀、普罗布考及氯贝特等。
5-HT2受体又可分为5-HT2A,2B,2C受体三个亚型,外周和中枢均有分布的是5-HT2A,2B受体,5-HT2C受体仅存在于中枢神经系统。肝脏上分布有5-HT2A,2B受体。已知5-HT2A受体具有收缩血管、促血小板聚集、加快心率和介导神经内分泌的功能,血浆5-HT浓度升高与高血压、冠状动脉粥样硬化及心血管事件有关,5-HT2A受体的活化还能刺激某些激素分泌(如促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质酮、肾素等);5-HT2B受体的激活能够使基底平滑肌收缩,5-HT2B受体的活化也参与某些心血管疾病的发展变化。5-HT转运体(serotonin transporter,SERT)在5-HT的降解及再摄取中起着重要作用,在数量和作用时间上对5-HT能神经传递进行精细的调控。SERT属于Na+/Cl-依赖性神经地址转运蛋白基因家族,包括单胺类(NE、DA、5-HT)、抑制性氨基酸(gamma aminobutyric acid,GABA)转运蛋白,通过吸收胞外释放的神经递质从而阻止神 经递质对细胞外受体的作用。SERT主要分布于5-HT神经细胞处,除此之外,也分布于各类非神经细胞处,包括肺血管内皮细胞、心肌细胞、上皮细胞、肝细胞等。SERT在5-HT能系统中的功能是运输5-HT到大脑、血液和外周器官的同源和异源受体,若其发生改变,则5-HT和5-HT受体的合成、清除以及功能都将受到很大的影响,肝脏是外周5-HT清除的主要器官。目前,5-HT2受体与SERT在NAFLD中发挥着什么样的作用尚不清楚。
5-HT2受体拮抗剂有很多,如:麦角二乙胺(lysergide,LSD)、溴麦角二乙胺(bromolysergide,BOL)、美舍吉特(methysergide)、赛庚啶(cyproheptadine,也是一种抗组胺药)、苯噻啶(pizotifen)、苄甲色胺(benanserin)、凯他舍林(ketanserin)和多种吩噻嗪类药物等[刘善慧,刘炳学,房泽岱 主编;徐叔云,马传庚 主审.英汉药理学辞典.北京:中国医药科技出版社.1993.第519页.]。而选择性阻断5-HT2受体的拮抗剂有酮舍林(ketanserine)、辛那舍林(cinaserine)、米胺舍林(mianserine)、利坦舍林(ritanserine)和米氮平(mirtazapine)等。米氮平属于NA能和特异性5-HT能抗抑郁药,可阻断5-HT2和5-HT3受体,能选择性兴奋5-HT1受体。目前,米氮平临床主要用于抑郁症、焦虑躯体化症状、伴有睡眠障碍的抑郁症、伴有自杀意念的抑郁、老年期抑郁症、共病躯体疾病患者、广泛性焦虑和惊恐障碍、创伤后应激障碍和精神分裂症等[左津淮.米氮平的临床作用[J].天津药学,2004,16(6):53-6.]。
选择性5-HT再摄取抑制剂(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor,SSRI)主要是对5-HT转运体产生抑制作用,能有效地通过与5-HT转运体结合而抑制中枢神经系统突触前膜从突触间隙摄取5-HT,增加间隙中可供实际利用的5-HT,从而治疗抑郁。上市的主要有氟西汀(Fluoxetine)、帕罗西汀(Paroxetine)、西酞普兰(Citalopram)、舍曲林(Sertraline)、氟伏沙明(Fluvoxamine)、草酸S-西酞普兰(Escitalopram oxalate)等,广泛应用于临床抑郁症的治疗[张石革.选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂应用与评价.中国医院用药评价与分析.2007,7(3),172-1751.]。另外,米氮平也具有5-HT再摄取抑制剂活性。目前尚无有关5-HT2受体拮抗剂和选择性5-HT再摄取抑制剂用于治疗非酒精性脂肪肝合并高脂血症等方面的研究报道。
发明内容
我们的研究首次发现肝细胞5-HT2A,2B受体、SERT在NAFLD形成中起明显作用,用5-HT2A,2B受体阻断剂或SERT抑制可有效治疗因高脂饲料导致的大鼠NAFLD及血脂紊乱。
我们选取了米氮平、酮舍林作为非选择性及选择性5-HT2受体拮抗剂代表药物,米氮平、氟西汀作为非选择性及选择性5-HT再摄取抑制剂代表药物,发现米氮平、酮舍林和氟西汀对高脂饲料引起的大鼠NAFLD有明显治疗作用、也能明显减轻血脂紊乱状态,同时对肝细胞5-HT2A,2B受体、SERT基因表达有明显影响;用脂肪酸建立原代培养肝细胞脂质沉积模型, 米氮平、酮舍林和氟西汀对肝细胞脂质沉积模型有明显的降低细胞内甘油三酯含量的作用。
下面是本发明的部分试验过程及结果:
1.5-HT2受体拮抗剂(如酮舍林)、转运体抑制剂(如氟西汀)及兼有两种作用的药物(如米氮平)治疗高脂饲料引起的脂肪肝及高血脂研究结果
1.1实验方法
40只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:对照组(control group);高脂饲料组(high fat-diet,HFD,高脂饲料配方:2%胆固醇+25%猪油+5%蔗糖+68%基础饲料);高脂饲料+米氮平给药组(the high fat-diet+mirtazapine,MIR);高脂饲料+酮舍林给药组(the high fat-diet+ketanserin,KET);高脂饲料+氟西汀给药组(the high fat-diet+fluoxetine,FLX),每组动物各8只。动物单独笼养于普通鼠笼或刺激笼中(鼠笼大小与普通鼠笼相同)。各组间性别、体重无差别。保持室温、光照控制保证12h明、暗条件,普通水喂养。高脂饲料喂养组首先用高脂饲料喂养4周,然后各给药组在高脂饲料喂养的同时再经口给药各种药物。连续给药四周后取血、处死动物、取相应脏器并进行指标测量。
1.2给药剂量
米氮平给药剂量:10.0mg/kg.天,酮舍林给药剂量:6mg/kg.天,氟西汀给药剂量:6.0mg/kg.天。给药体积:1.0ml/100g,所有药物均用0.5%CMC-Na溶液配成所需浓度的混悬液,对照组及高脂饲料喂养组给以相同体积的0.5%CMC-Na溶液。
1.3观察指标
大鼠体重和进食量;
肝指数(HI)及内脏肥胖指数(VOI)测定(计算公式分别为:HI(g/g)=肝脏重量(g)/体重(g)*100%;VOI(g/g)=内脏脂肪重量(g)/体重(g)*100%);
肝脏指标:TC含量、TG含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力、丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量;
肝组织相关因子基因表达:逆转录PCR技术检测肝脏X受体α(LXRα)、过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体α(PPARα)及γ(PPARγ)、5-HT2A受体(5-HT2AR)、5-HT2B受体(5-HT2BR)和5-HT转运体(SERT)mRNA表达。其中,LXRα、PPARα、PPARγ为核受体,与肝脂质沉积密切相关。引物:
LXR α 上游引物5'GTACAACCCTGGGAGTGAGA 3'
下游引物5'TAGCATCCGTGGGAACAT 3'
PPAR α 上游引物5’GTTCGCAGCTGTTTTGTGGG 3’
下游引物5’CTTCAGTCTTGGCTCGCCTC 3’
PPAR γ 上游引物5'GACCACTCCCATTCCTTT 3'
下游引物5'GCTCTACTTTGATCGCACT 3'
5-HT2AR 上游引物5'GGATTTACCTGGATGTGC 3'
下游引物5'TGGATGGACCGTTGGAAG 3'
5-HT2BR 上游引物5'CAGCAGCAGAGGAAATGA 3'
下游引物5'ATCCAGGGAAATGGCACA 3'
SERT 上游引物5'CCCAACTGGCAGAAACTC 3'
下游引物5'AAGATGATGGCAAAGAACG 3'
内参GAPDH 上游引物5'TATCGGACGCCTGGTTAC 3'
下游引物5'TGCTGACAATCTTGAGGGA 3';
肝组织病理切片观察;
血清TC、TG、LDL、HDL、游离脂肪酸(FFA)、MDA浓度及SOD活力。
1.4研究结果
所有数据统计学检测都用组间Student-t检测,p<0.05表示有明显统计学差异,p<0.01表示有非常明显统计学差异。
1.4.1体重和进食量结果
由图1和图2可见MIR、KET、FLX治疗,对HFD喂养大鼠的体重、进食量无明显影响(p>0.05,与HFD模型组比较)。
1.4.2肝指数HI和内脏肥胖指数VOI
由图3和图4可见,MIR、KET、FLX治疗,对HFD喂养大鼠的肝脂数、内脏肥胖指数没有明显影响(p>0.05,与HFD模型组比较)。
1.4.3肝组织脂质及氧化应激指标
表1药物对“高脂饲料致大鼠NAFLD”肝脂质及氧化应激的影响试验结果( N=8)
注:*p<0.05,**p<0.01与对照组比较;$p<0.05,$$p<0.01与模型组比较(下同)
表1试验结果表明MIR、KET、FLX治疗,对HFD喂养大鼠肝脂质沉积有明显的影响,可明显减轻因高脂饲料喂养引起的NAFLD状态,可降低肝组织TC、TG含量(p<0.01,与HFD模型组比较);并降低肝组织SOD活力、MDA含量(p<0.01,与HFD模型组比较),提示可抑制炎症及氧化应激状态。
1.4.4肝脏组织病理学观察结果
图5肝组织切片观察也表明,MIR、KET、FLX治疗后HFD喂养大鼠肝细胞内脂质沉积明显减小。
1.4.5肝组织LXRα、PPARα、PPARγ、5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR和SERT mRNA表达
见图6~图11.
1-对照组(Control),2-高脂饲料喂养(HFD)模型组,3-高脂饲料喂养米氮平给药(MIR)组,4-高脂饲料喂养酮舍林给药(KET)组,5-高脂饲料喂养米氟西汀给药(FLX)组
与对照组比较,HFD模型组肝组织LXRα、PPARα、PPAR γ mRNA表达明显下调(p<0.01)。与HFD模型组比较,MIR、KET、FLX给药治疗均可上调LXRα、PPARα、PPAR γ mRNA表达(p<0.01)。
与对照组比较,HFD模型组肝组织5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR mRNA表达明显上调(p<0.01或p<0.05)。与HFD模型组比较,MIR、FLX给药治疗可下调5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR mRNA表达(p<0.01),KET给药治疗可上调5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR MRNA表达(p<0.01)。
与对照组比较,HFD模型组肝组织SERT mRNA表达明显下调(p<0.01)。与HFD模型组比较,MIR、KET给药治疗可上调SERT mRNA表达(p<0.01),FLX给药治疗可下调SERTmRNA表达(p<0.01)。
米氮平显示出具有5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR及SERT双重抑制剂的特点,但对肝细胞5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR mRNA表达的影响与氟西汀相似,而对肝细胞SERT mRNA表达的影响与酮舍林相似。
1.4.6血清指标检测结果
注:*p<0.05,**p<0.01与对照组比较;$p<0.05,$$p<0.01与模型组比较
表2试验结果表明,与对照组比较,HFD喂养模型组血清TC、TG、LDL、FFA浓度明显升高(p<0.01),HDL浓度明显下降,SOD活力减小、MDA含量升高,提示出现明显的血脂紊乱;MIR、KET、FLX给药治疗可明显改善血脂紊乱,降低血清TC、TG、LDL、FFA浓度(p<0.01),提高HDL浓度(p<0.05or p<0.01,同时升高血清SOD活力、降低MDA浓度,提示血脂紊乱明显减轻。
2.体外培养原代肝细胞研究结果
2.1实验方法
应用原位胶原酶灌注法分离肝细胞:取体重180g左右的Wistar大鼠,戊巴比妥钠腹腔麻醉后,经胶原酶灌流液循环灌流,从肝组织中分离肝细胞,收集肝细胞悬液,制成肝细胞密度为1~5×105个/ml的肝细胞悬液,活细胞计数90%以上,用于接种培养。调整好密度的细胞接种在胶原包被的培养板上,按每孔200μl接种于胶原包被的96孔板内,轻轻摇匀后置于37℃细胞培养箱(5%CO2,95%空气,100%湿度)中培养。细胞大约6~8小时完全贴壁,此时更换一半培养基,以后每24h更换1次。应用油酸+棕榈酸(FFAs)诱导肝细胞脂质沉积。设正常肝细胞组,米氮平+正常肝细胞组,酮舍林+正常肝细胞组,氟西汀+正常肝细胞组,肝细胞脂质沉积模型组,肝细胞脂质沉积+米氮平组,肝细胞脂质沉积+酮舍林组,肝细胞脂质沉积+氟西汀组,连续培养120小时。
2.2给药剂量
米氮平(MIR):50μmol/L;
酮舍林(KET):50μmol/L;
氟西汀(FLX):50μmol/L;
FFAs(油酸/棕榈酸):油酸∶棕榈酸摩尔比为2∶1,终浓度1.5μmol/L。
2.3测量指标
TG试剂盒测定各组TG含量,MTT染色检测细胞活力;
肝细胞相关基因:逆转录PCR技术检测肝细胞5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR和SERT mRNA表达,引物设计同动物实验部分。
2.4研究结果
2.4.1大鼠原代肝细胞TG、MTT试验检测结果。
注:*p<0.05,**p<0.01与正常肝细胞组比较;
$p<0.05,$$p<0.01与FFAs造模肝细胞脂质沉积模型组比较
表3结果表明,MTT试验显示各组间细胞活力没有差异,提示给药或造模对肝细胞活力不产生明显影响;MIR、KET、FLX给药均可明显降低因FFAs培养引起的大鼠肝细胞高TG含量(p<0.01),MIR及FLX还可明显降低正常培养肝细胞的细胞内TG含量。研究结果,从细胞水平证明了MIR、KET、FLX确实对肝细胞脂质沉积有抑制作用,提示肝细胞表面5-HT2受体及转运体介导了肝细胞内TG沉积过程。
2.4.2肝细胞5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR和SERT mRNA表达检测结果
见图12~14.图中**:p<0.01,与正常肝细胞组(Control)比较;#:p<0.05,##:p<0.01,与肝细胞脂质沉积模型组(HFC)组比较
注:1:正常细胞组(Control),2:正常细胞+MIR给药组(MIR),3:正常细胞+KET给药组(KET),4:正常细胞+FLX给药组(FLX),5:肝细胞脂质沉积模型(FFAs造模)组,6:FFAs+MIR给药(FFAs+MIR)组,7:FFAs+KET给药(FFAs+KET)组,8:FFAs+FLX给药(FFAs+FLX)组
结果表明,对于正常培养肝细胞,MIR、FLX给药对5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR mRNA表达没有明显影响,而KET给药则使肝细胞5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR mRNA表达上调(p<0.01,与对照组比较),三种药物给药均使正常肝细胞SERT mRNA表达下调(p<0.01,与对照组比较);FFAs(油酸/棕榈酸)培养的脂质沉积模型肝细胞,5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR mRNA表达上调(p<0.01,与对照组比较),SERT mRNA表达则下调(p<0.01,与对照组比较),结果与动物实验中脂肪肝动物模型中肝脏的5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR、SERT mRNA表达改变一致;与肝细胞脂质沉积模型(FFAs造模)组比较,MIR及FLX给药可下调因FFAs引起的肝细胞5-HT2AR、5-HT2BR mRNA表达上调(p<0.05或p<0.01),但MIR影响程度较小,KET给药则可进一步上调5-HT2AR、5-HT2BRmRNA表达(p<0.01);与肝细胞脂质沉积模型组比较,MIR及KET给药可上调因FFAs引起的肝细胞SERT mRNA表达下调(p<0.05或p<0.01),但MIR的影响程度较小,FLX给药则可 进一步下调SERT mRNA表达(p<0.01)。
体外肝细胞培养实验结果与动物实验结果基本一致。表明肝细胞5-HT相关系统(5-HT2受体及转运体)与肝细胞脂质沉积相关,且用5-HT2受体阻断剂及5-HT再摄取抑制剂可抑制肝细胞脂质沉积并同时减小血脂紊乱。
附图说明
图1是药物对“高脂饲料致大鼠NAFLD”动物体重的影响试验结果
图2是药物对“高脂饲料致大鼠NAFLD”动物进食量的影响试验结果
图3是药物对“高脂饲料致大鼠NAFLD”肝指数(HI)的影响试验结果
图4是药物对“高脂饲料致大鼠NAFLD”内脏肥胖指数(VOI)的影响试验结果
图5是氟西汀(C)、米氮平(D)、酮舍林(E)和“高脂饲料致NAFLD”模型组(B)大鼠肝细胞典型组织切片观察结果,A为对照组(×200倍)
图6是药物对“高脂饲料结合慢性应激致大鼠NAFLD”肝组织LXRα mRNA表达的影响试验结果( N=8)
图8药物对“高脂饲料结合慢性应激致大鼠NAFLD”肝组织PPARγ mRNA表达的影响试验结果( N=8)
图9药物对“高脂饲料结合慢性应激致大鼠NAFLD”肝组织5-HT2AR mRNA表达的影响试验结果( N=8)
图10药物对“高脂饲料结合慢性应激致大鼠NAFLD”肝组织5-HT2BR mRNA表达的影响试验结果( N=8)
图12药物给药对原代培养正常肝细胞及脂质沉积肝细胞5-HT 2A mRNA表达的影响实验结果
图13药物给药对原代培养正常肝细胞及脂质沉积肝细胞5-HT2B mRNA表达受体的影响实验结果
图14药物给药对原代培养正常肝细胞及脂质沉积肝细胞转运体(SERT)mRNA表达的影响实验结果。
Claims (3)
1.5-HT2受体拮抗剂或选择性5-HT再摄取抑制剂用于制备治疗非酒精性脂肪肝或非酒精性脂肪肝合并有高脂血症的药物的用途。
2.权利要求1的用途,其中5-HT2受体拮抗剂是米氮平或酮舍林。
3.权利要求1的用途,其中5-HT再摄取抑制剂是氟西汀或米氮平。
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