CN102633673A - 他米巴罗汀的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明是一种他米巴罗汀的合成方法,包括步骤:1)以苯胺、对苯二甲酸单甲酯为原料,合成对苯氨甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯(III);2)在无水、氮气保护下,中间体III与2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇低温环合,得到中间体II;3)中间体II水解得到他米巴罗汀(I)。步骤1)中,加入DCC/HOBt、DIC/HOBt、HATU或HBTU作为缩合剂;以三乙胺、DIEA为缚酸剂;步骤2)中,加入卤酸为催化剂;反应溶剂为卤代烷烃类。本发明避免了高污染的环节,降低了环境代价。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种他米巴罗汀的合成方法。
背景技术
据统计,急性早幼粒细胞自血病(APL)在国内占急性髓性细胞自血病的6.5%~32.4%,在FAB分类中为M3型。1986年国内首创的全反式维甲酸(all trans retinoicacid,ATRA)诱导分化疗法可使APL完全缓解率(CR)达85%以上,随着临床进一步应用,发现其可形成耐药性并使复发患者难以再次获得缓解。当前大部分APL病人是用ATRA或用三氧化二砷(即砒霜)或联合化学疗法来治疗。ATRA治疗可活化RAR并诱导早幼粒细胞的分化和成熟,阻止它们的增殖,减轻病情。以维甲酸为基础的疗法使APL病完全缓解后又复发的自血病患者,可以用他米巴罗汀(tamibarotene,I)获得完全缓解。
他米巴罗汀(tamibarotene,I),是日本Nippon Shinyaku公司开发的新型选择性维甲酸受体激动剂,2005年6月首次在日本上市。该药具有疗效好、不易产生抗药性、不良反应小等优点,临床主要用于治疗各种类型的复发或难治性急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)。作为较新上市的品种,目前他米巴罗汀在我国少有生产,各中间体的价格极其昂贵,开发并生产此系列品种,将可以为广大白血病患者提供更加价廉有效的质量药物。
最早的合成方法以发表于《中国医药工业杂志》2009年40卷第1期的路线为代表(参看图2)。此路线是从2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇为起始原料经4步反应得到中间体5,6,7,8-四氢-5,5,8,8-四甲基-2-萘胺,再与4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯反应得到关键中间体4-((5,5,8,8-四甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢-2-萘)氨基甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯(II),此后水解得到最终目标产物-他米巴罗汀(I)。该路线的缺点在于:合成路线长;涉及浓盐酸参与的卤代反应、混酸硝化,以及重金属催化还原反应,不仅收率低,而且环境污染严重。
专利WO9114673以乙酰苯胺替代苯与2,5-二氯-2,5-二甲基己烷反应,得到2-乙酰氨基-5,5,8,8-四甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢萘,再与4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯进行酯交换得到中间体II,进一步水解得到目标产物I(参看图3)。此方法避开了硝化-还原这两步污染大、收率低的步骤,从而大大简化了工艺。但仍然存在以下缺点:酯交换反应中需要氮气保护,以及低温反应,操作烦琐,代价较高;步骤仍嫌烦琐。
专利CN101121675在此基础上进一步改进,以4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯与苯胺反应得到对苯胺甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯,然后与2,5-二氯-2,5-二甲基反应得到中间体II,进一步水解得到目标产物I(参看图4)。此方法在前面几个方法的基础上,使生产工艺进一步降低,并进一步减少了污染大、收率低的步骤,使整个工业化生产成本进一步降低。
但此方法与此前所有工艺路线的设计,都掩盖了两个高污染的环节,即关键起始原料4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯和2,5-二氯-2,5-二甲基己烷的生产。这表现在:
4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯的生产是以对苯二甲酸单甲酯为原料,以氯化亚砜卤代得到的(参看图5)。无论是以氯化亚砜溶液,还是直接以氯化亚砜作为溶剂生产,均产生大量有毒气体以及酸性废料,对环境及生产设备的损害很大。并且,4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯本身也很不稳定,不能长期贮存,必须现做现用。这限制了整个生产工艺路线的正常运转。
2,5-二氯-2,5-二甲基己烷,是以2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇为原料,以浓盐酸为溶剂反应得到的(参看图6)。大量浓盐酸废液的后处理,环境代价太大。
故现有的合成方法还需改进。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种更加简便、更小环境代价的他米巴罗汀的合成方法。
本发明的他米巴罗汀的合成方法,包括步骤:
1)以苯胺、对苯二甲酸单甲酯为原料,合成对苯氨甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯(III);
2)在无水、氮气保护下,中间体III与2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇低温环合,得到中间体II;
3)中间体II水解得到他米巴罗汀(I)。
步骤1)中,加入DCC/HOBt、DIC/HOBt、HATU或HBTU作为缩合剂。
步骤1)中,以三乙胺、DIEA为缚酸剂。
步骤2)中,加入卤酸为催化剂。
所述卤酸为AlCl3。
步骤2)中,反应溶剂为卤代烷烃类;反应溶剂为CH2Cl2、CHCl3或ClCH2CH2Cl。
本发明直接以对苯二甲酸单甲酯与苯胺,在高效酰化缩合剂的催化下进行连接,避开了4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯的生产,避免了大量有毒气体以及酸性废料;直接用2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇与对苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯环合得到中间体II,尽管反应中需要充氮气保护使成本略有上升,但却避免了产生大量浓盐酸废液,因而避免了高污染的环节,更降低了环境代价。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的他米巴罗汀的合成方法示意图;
图2是《中国医药工业杂志》公布的他米巴罗汀的合成方法示意图;
图3是专利WO9114673公布的他米巴罗汀合成方法示意图;
图4是专利CN101121675公布的他米巴罗汀合成方法示意图;
图5是4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯的合成示意图;
图6是2,5-二氯-2,5-二甲基己烷的合成示意图。
具体实施方式
现结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
参看图1,为本发明的合成路线图。
本发明的他米巴罗汀(I)的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
1)以苯胺、对苯二甲酸单甲酯为原料,合成对苯氨甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯(III);
2)在无水、氮气保护下,中间体III与2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇低温环合,得到中间体II;
3)中间体II水解得到目标产物-他米巴罗汀(I)。
上述步骤1)中,加入DCC/HOBt、DIC/HOBt、HATU、HBTU等作为缩合剂。
上述步骤1)中,以三乙胺、DIEA为缚酸剂;
上述步骤2)中,加入卤酸,如AlCl3为催化剂。
上述步骤2)中,反应溶剂为卤代烷烃类,如CH2Cl2、CHCl3、ClCH2CH2Cl。
专利CN101121675以4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯与苯胺反应得到对苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯;本发明直接以对苯二甲酸单甲酯与苯胺,在高效酰化缩合剂的催化下进行连接,避开了4-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯的生产。专利CN101121675先将2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇以浓盐酸处理得到2,5-二氯-2,5-二甲基己烷,然后与对苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯环合得到中间体II;本发明直接用2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇与对苯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯环合得到中间体II。尽管反应中需要充氮气保护使成本略有上升,但却避免产生大量浓盐酸废液。因而避免了高污染的环节,更降低了环境代价。
以上所述仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案的范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种他米巴罗汀的合成方法,其特征是包括步骤:
1)以苯胺、对苯二甲酸单甲酯为原料,合成对苯氨甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯(III);
2)在无水、氮气保护下,中间体III与2,5-二甲基-2,5-己二醇低温环合,得到中间体II;
3)中间体II水解得到他米巴罗汀(I)。
2.如权利要求1所述的他米巴罗汀的合成方法,其特征是:步骤1)中,加入DCC/HOBt、DIC/HOBt、HATU或HBTU作为缩合剂。
3.如权利要求1所述的他米巴罗汀的合成方法,其特征是:步骤1)中,以三乙胺、DIEA为缚酸剂。
4.如权利要求1所述的他米巴罗汀的合成方法,其特征是:步骤2)中,加入卤酸为催化剂。
5.如权利要求4所述的他米巴罗汀的合成方法,其特征是:所述卤酸为AlCl3。
6.如权利要求1所述的他米巴罗汀的合成方法,其特征是:步骤2)中,反应溶剂为卤代烷烃类。
7.如权利要求6所述的他米巴罗汀的合成方法,其特征是:反应溶剂为CH2Cl2、CHCl3或ClCH2CH2Cl。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103664680A (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-26 | 山东鲁北药业有限公司 | 一种他米巴罗汀合成的新工艺 |
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| CN103664680A (zh) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-03-26 | 山东鲁北药业有限公司 | 一种他米巴罗汀合成的新工艺 |
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