CN102448202A - Multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway and relates to the technical field of wireless sensor networks. The gateway is mainly composed of embedded processor, SDRAM, Flash memory, WiFi wireless radio frequency transceiver module, ZigBee wireless radio frequency transceiver module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module, GPS data acquisition module and Ethernet interface control module. The operating system is Linux, compatible with TCP/IP protocol IPv6. The advantages are: through the design of the protocol conversion program to complete the conversion between multiple protocols, it can be used to build a network of multiple architectures, as well as the interconnection and data forwarding between networks of various architectures, providing multiple wireless sensor networks. This network access solution has strong anti-interference ability, low power consumption, and small size. It provides a convenient device for the interconnection between networks with various architectures and the construction of integrated networks in the future.

Description

A multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless sensor networks, in particular to a multi-protocol and multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway.

Background technique

Wireless sensor networks are considered to be one of the technologies that have a great impact on the 21st century, and have attracted widespread attention in various countries. Advances in sensor technology, micro-electromechanical systems, modern networks, and wireless communications have promoted the emergence and development of modern wireless sensor networks. The wireless sensor network incorporates various sensors into the network, constitutes the nerve endings of the Internet, and extends the network terminal from the original PC to various tiny sensors, which is regarded as the next generation Internet. The wireless sensor network expands people's ability to obtain information, connects the physical information of the objective world with the transmission network, and will provide people with the most direct, effective and real information in the next generation network. The potential applications of wireless sensor networks are numerous and are now considered the next step in the automation of environmental monitoring, building monitoring, utilities, industrial control, home, ships and transportation systems.

ZigBee is a low-power personal area network protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The technology specified in this protocol is a short-distance, low-power wireless communication technology. It is one of the preferred networking technologies for wireless sensor networks. Ad hoc networking is carried out between sensor nodes through the ZigBee protocol. Its main advantages are simple and low complexity protocol implementation, low investment cost, large network access capacity, short delay, high security, and is especially suitable for low power consumption occasions. WiFi is a short-distance wireless communication technology based on IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g protocols. It is characterized by wide coverage of radio waves and fast transmission rates. A Mesh network is a wireless mesh network, which is a wireless multi-hop network. In the process of evolving to the next-generation network, wireless is an indispensable technology, and wireless mesh can realize cooperative communication with other networks. Bluetooth is a radio technology that supports short-range communication between devices, enabling wireless information exchange between many devices including mobile phones, laptops, and related peripherals. GPRS, General Packet Radio Service, is a wireless packet switching technology based on the GSM system, and its transmission rate can be increased to 115Kbps. GPS, Global Positioning System, is a system that uses satellites to perform real-time positioning and navigation around the world. Nowadays, GPS technology has been integrated into various application fields of social development.

The traditional wireless sensor network gateway equipment has a single structure and function, and the connected network is subject to certain restrictions. It cannot be used for the interconnection between networks of various architectures and the construction of an integrated network, and has high power consumption, low anti-interference ability, and high cost. And other issues.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway, which supports multiple protocols such as WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/IP, and can complete multiple protocols through protocol conversion procedures. Conversion between various protocols, building networks with multiple architectures, and realizing interconnection and data forwarding between networks with multiple architectures.

The present invention is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway, comprises embedded processor, SDRAM, Flash memory, WiFi wireless radio frequency transceiver module, ZigBee wireless radio frequency connected with embedded processor respectively Transceiver module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module, GPS data acquisition module and Ethernet interface control module; the operating system adopts networked operating system Linux, and the chip selection and read-write control of each control module is unified by the embedded processor to complete the data The efficient transmission on the address data bus implements the gateway function.

The further step is: all the peripheral modules are connected with the embedded processor through the bus, and the conversion between multiple protocols and the forwarding of data are realized by using the protocol conversion program.

Five different wireless interfaces of WiFi 2.4GHz, WiFi 5GHz, GPRS, Bluetooth and ZigBee, and one Ethernet wired interface are configured on the embedded processor at the same time, supporting multiple protocols such as WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/IP, And can complete the conversion between ZigBee protocol and TCP/IP protocol, ZigBee protocol and WiFi protocol, ZigBee protocol and GPRS protocol, ZigBee protocol and Bluetooth protocol, etc. , and realize the interconnection of various architecture networks and data forwarding; the gateway is connected to the router through the Ethernet wired interface, and connected to the wireless network of various architectures through the wireless interface.

The gateway equipment adopts the four-level model of physical layer, interconnection layer, control layer and application layer; through the improvement of TCP/IP network protocol, it meets the requirements of data communication, supports channel pre-allocation and real-time priority technology; high priority data It is transmitted through synchronous sequence data transmission, low priority data is transmitted through asynchronous sequence data transmission, and the MAC layer supports real-time data processing in emergency situations.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is: configure WiFi 2.4GHz, WiFi 5GHz, GPRS, Bluetooth and 5 different wireless interfaces of ZigBee simultaneously on the gateway equipment, and an Ethernet wired interface, support WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/ Various protocols such as IP, and can be processed by the protocol conversion program to complete the conversion between multiple protocols, which can be used to build networks with multiple architectures, as well as the interconnection and data forwarding between networks with multiple architectures. The network provides a variety of network access solutions. At the same time, the gateway device also has the advantages of strong anti-interference ability, low power consumption, and small size. The equipment has broad market prospects.

Description of drawings

An embodiment of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a hardware block diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a hardware connection diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the protocol layer of the present invention.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, a multi-protocol multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway consists of an embedded processor, SDRAM, Flash memory, WiFi wireless radio frequency transceiver module, ZigBee wireless radio frequency transceiver module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module, GPS data acquisition module It is composed of an Ethernet interface control module. The embedded processor unifies the chip selection and read and write control of each control module, completes the effective transmission of data on the address data bus, and realizes the gateway function. The system connects all the peripheral modules with the processor through the bus, and uses the protocol conversion program to realize the conversion between various protocols and the forwarding of data.

As shown in Figure 2, U1 represents the embedded processor of the gateway device, which is the core part of the gateway. The embedded processor adopts the S3C6410 microprocessor based on the ARM11 core instead of the traditional ARM7 and ARM9 processors, which can change the shortcoming of a single gateway access. The ARM11 processor has advantages over the traditional ARM7 and ARM9 processors. While providing high performance, it also ensures low power consumption and limited area. The pipeline of the ARM11 processor is different from the previous ARM core. It consists of an 8-stage pipeline, which improves the throughput by at least 40% compared with the previous ARM core. The 8-stage pipeline can enable 8 instructions to be executed at the same time. The ARM11 processor avoids data conflicts in the pipeline through forwarding, and maintains the best pipeline efficiency by implementing jump prediction technology. The ARM11 processor uses these special techniques to optimize its processing to a higher pipeline throughput while maintaining the same effectiveness as an 8-stage pipeline (ARM9 processor). Many features of the ARM11 core enable it to fully Adapt to high-end embedded real-time application systems.

S3C6410 embedded microprocessor, as the core part of the circuit, realizes data collection and processing, and controls other peripheral modules to work together as required. S3C6410 integrates hardware functional peripherals, including: 1 integrated MFC, 4 DMA controllers, 4 UART interfaces, 1 SPI interface, 1 I2C interface (multi-master support), 2 USB host ports and 1 USB high-speed OTG interface, 4 PWM timers and 1 internal watchdog timer, 1 RTC with calendar function, 188 general-purpose I/O ports that can be flexibly configured, with PLL on-chip clock generator. In a word, whether it is its excellent performance, low power consumption, or its rich external interface, it can meet the requirements of embedded gateway development.

U2 represents the peripheral module of this gateway device. The present invention needs to be connected with SDRAM, Flash memory, WiFi wireless radio frequency transceiver module, ZigBee wireless radio frequency transceiver module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module, GPS data acquisition module and Ethernet interface control module to cooperate with ARM11 The microprocessor completes the functions of this gateway.

Five different wireless interfaces of WiFi 2.4GHz, WiFi 5GHz, GPRS, Bluetooth and ZigBee, and one Ethernet wired interface are configured on the embedded processor at the same time, supporting multiple protocols such as WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/IP, And it can complete the conversion between ZigBee protocol and TCP/IP protocol, ZigBee protocol and WiFi protocol, ZigBee protocol and GPRS protocol, ZigBee protocol and Bluetooth protocol and other protocols through the protocol conversion program, which can be used to form a variety of architectures Network, and realize the interconnection of various architecture networks and data forwarding; the gateway is connected to the router through the Ethernet wired interface, and connected to the wireless network of various architectures through the wireless interface.

Two wireless interfaces of WiFi 2.4GHz and WiFi 5GHz can be used to form a WiFi network and a WiFi Mesh network through this gateway device. The gateway device is used as a WiFi AP in the established WiFi network, and the gateway device is used as a WiFi Mesh AP in the established WiFi Mesh network. For this gateway device as a WiFi Mesh AP, in addition to the gateway function of a traditional wireless router, it also has a routing function that supports Mesh network interconnection, and when connected to the wired Internet, it can also provide multiple Jump wireless internet connection.

The wireless sensor network gateway also has a distinctive feature, that is, the gateway device integrates a GPS data acquisition module, supports GPS positioning and tracking function, and can provide real-time longitude, latitude and other related geographic location information of the gateway device for the monitoring terminal.

The main chip of the WiFi radio frequency transceiver module can choose the AR5414 chip, which adopts a new signal processing technology, can dynamically adjust the power consumption according to the degree of system and network activities, can work in two different frequency bands of 2.4GHz and 5GHz, and supports 802.11 a /b/g wireless protocol and TCP/IP network protocol. The main chip of the WiFi radio frequency transceiver module is connected with the ARM11 microprocessor through the USB interface, so as to realize the connection of the gateway device to the WiFi network.

ZigBee wireless radio frequency transceiver module can choose XBee module of DIGI company, no need to configure radio frequency module, compatible with 802.15.4 protocol, with 2.4GHz as the main frequency band, and also supports two different frequency bands of 868MHz and 915MHz, the module is a built-in protocol stack , can be debugged by X-CTU and ZigBee Operator. The ZigBee wireless radio frequency transceiver module is connected to the ARM11 microprocessor through UART to realize the connection between the gateway device and the ZigBee network. ``

The GPRS module can choose the Hilo module of Sagem Company, and connect to the ARM11 microprocessor through UART to realize the connection between the gateway device and the GPRS network.

The Bluetooth module can choose the BT100 module, which is connected with the ARM11 microprocessor through the USB interface, so that the gateway device can search the surrounding Bluetooth devices and perform data transmission with them.

The GPS data acquisition module can choose Tyco A1037-A module, which follows the NMEA protocol standard. The GPS data acquisition module is connected to the ARM11 microprocessor through UART to realize the acquisition of the geographic location information of the gateway device.

The main chip of the Ethernet interface control module can choose DM9000 chip, which can complete media access control, CRC check, and send and receive Ethernet data frames by itself.

FLASH memory is divided into Nand Flash and Nor Flash, and Flash memory of the present invention selects Nand Flash. The Nand Flash memory is K9F1216U0A from Samsung, and K9F1216U0A is 32M*16bit Nand Flash.

SDRAM has a very high read and write speed, but the data will be lost when the power is off. The combination of Nand Flash and SDRAM is used to use SDRAM as the memory of the ARM11 microprocessor. In the present invention, the data that the system program needs to be stored is stored in the Nand Flash, and the program that needs to be run is transferred into the SDRAM to run after the system is started, which speeds up the operating speed of the system. SDRAM main chip adopts HY57V561620 of HYNIX Company.

As shown in Figure 3, the events processed by wireless sensor networks are generally divided into two categories: one is timing events, such as the regular collection of monitoring data; the other is random events, such as accident alarms. According to the characteristics of wireless sensor network data communication, on the basis of TCP/IP hierarchical model, some necessary measures are added to make it have real-time communication capability, so as to ensure the reliability of control and the certainty of delay. The gateway equipment adopts the four-level model of physical layer, interconnection layer, control layer and application layer; through the improvement of TCP/IP network protocol, it meets the requirements of data communication, supports channel pre-allocation and real-time priority technology; high priority data It is transmitted through synchronous sequence data transmission, low priority data is transmitted through asynchronous sequence data transmission, and the MAC layer supports real-time data processing in emergency situations. The physical layer is mainly the medium of data transmission and the interface of various architecture networks; the interconnection layer is mainly the data connection of various sensors, equipment terminals and other network systems; the control layer is mainly the I/O network. The function is combined with the peer-to-peer information transmission network to control the transmission of data flow and ensure the quality of data communication; in the application layer, it mainly provides the upper-level computer system to access the data of each node in the wireless sensor network through the network, and supports standard TCP/IP . Communication data is divided into two categories: real-time and non-real-time. The monitoring accident alarm meets the hard real-time requirements, and is transmitted through SDIP (Synchronous Data IP, synchronous sequence data transmission), and the general monitoring data is transmitted through ADIP (Asynchronous Data IP, asynchronous sequence data transmission). Real-time data processing in emergency situations is supported at the MAC layer. Complete the conversion between protocols at the network layer, establish communication tunnels, and realize transparent transmission of various data.

The operating system of the gateway device of the present invention adopts a networked operating system Linux, which is compatible with TCP/IP protocol IPv6, so as to meet the requirements of real-time performance and stability. The Linux operating system is widely used in the embedded field because of its unique characteristics. The management of hardware resources and software resources of the entire system, as well as the scheduling of various tasks can be well realized through the Linux operating system. The protocol conversion program exists as the upper layer application program of the gateway, and completes the analysis and forwarding of data. The protocol conversion program is combined with the gateway hardware to communicate with the node devices in the wireless sensor network through the wireless network interface. After the protocol conversion program obtains the data information and additional information sent by the nodes in the wireless sensor network, it can determine the purpose of the data message. Make judgments in a timely manner, correctly analyze, process and forward it, so that the gateway has the ability to communicate with the remote monitoring terminal in different ways.             

Working principle: A multi-protocol and multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway collects the data of various architecture network systems, and performs protocol conversion through the core control board. When the sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network transmit the collected data (such as timing sampling data or alarm information) to the monitoring terminal, they encapsulate the data into data frames in the ZigBee protocol format and send them out. The ZigBee in this gateway device After the wireless radio frequency transceiver module receives the data frame, it extracts the data and transmits the data to the processor through the data bus, and writes the data into the Ethernet interface control module after processing through the corresponding protocol conversion program, and the Ethernet interface control module will The data packet is encapsulated in TCP/IP protocol format and sent to the monitoring computer of Ethernet. Conversely, Ethernet sends control and configuration data to sensor nodes in the opposite direction. On the other hand, since the gateway device is also integrated with a WiFi radio frequency transceiver module, a GPRS module, and a Bluetooth module, the data of the ZigBee network obtained by the gateway can also be processed by the corresponding protocol conversion program as required, and the data can be written into Different wireless modules are packaged into protocol formats suitable for transmission in different architecture networks, and finally sent to authorized user terminals through the wireless interface.

Claims (5)

1. multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway; It is characterized in that: comprise flush bonding processor, the SDRAM that is connected with flush bonding processor respectively, Flash memory, WiFi radio frequency transceiving module, ZigBee radio frequency transceiving module, GPRS module, Bluetooth module, gps data acquisition module and Ethernet interface control module; The flush bonding processor unification is accomplished the effective transmission of data on address data bus to the sheet choosing and the read-write control of each control module, realizes this gateway function.

2. a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: all peripheral modules link to each other with flush bonding processor through the mode of bus, utilize protocol convertor to handle conversion and the forwarding of data that realizes between the various protocols.

3. a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: on flush bonding processor, dispose WiFi 2.4GHz, WiFi 5GHz, GPRS, Bluetooth and ZigBee5 different wave point simultaneously; And Ethernet wireline interface; Support various protocols such as WiFi, GPRS, Bluetooth, ZigBee and TCP/IP; And can be through the protocol convertor conversion between ZigBee agreement and the various protocols such as ICP/IP protocol, ZigBee agreement and WiFi agreement, ZigBee agreement and GPRS agreement, ZigBee agreement and Bluetooth agreement of finishing dealing with; Be used to set up the network of multiple framework, and the interconnected and forwarding of data that realizes multiple architecture network; Gateway links to each other with router through the Ethernet wireline interface, is connected to through wave point in the wireless network of various frameworks.

4. according to each described a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: gateway device adopts physical layer, interconnection layer, key-course and four hierarchical models of application layer; The data that priority is high transmit through the synchronizing sequence data transfer mode, and the data that priority is low are sent through asynchronous sequence data transmission means, and support real time data processing in emergency circumstances at the MAC layer.

5. a kind of multi-protocols multi-interface wireless sensor network gateway according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described flush bonding processor adopts the S3C6410 microprocessor based on the ARM11 kernel.

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