CN102336507A - Sludge treatment system and treatment method - Google Patents
Sludge treatment system and treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102336507A CN102336507A CN2011102491521A CN201110249152A CN102336507A CN 102336507 A CN102336507 A CN 102336507A CN 2011102491521 A CN2011102491521 A CN 2011102491521A CN 201110249152 A CN201110249152 A CN 201110249152A CN 102336507 A CN102336507 A CN 102336507A
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- incineration
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- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a sludge treatment system and a sludge treatment method. The system comprises a sludge drying device, a sludge incineration device, a first conveying mechanism and a second conveying mechanism; the sludge drying device is used for drying sludge by utilizing high-temperature flue gas generated by sludge incineration in the sludge incineration device, the sludge incineration device is used for heating the dried sludge and then automatically burns without extra fuel, the first conveying mechanism is used for conveying the dried sludge to the sludge incineration device, and the second conveying mechanism is used for conveying the high temperature of the flue gas to the sludge drying device. The method utilizes the system to treat the sludge, and fuel used in the treatment is derived from organic substances in the sludge or additionally added fuel. The sludge incineration process of the invention adopts the organic fuel owned by the sludge to carry out high-temperature combustion, thereby saving the use amount of other fuels, having good sludge treatment effect and further greatly reducing the cost of sludge treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to chemical field, be specially the sludge treatment technology.
Background technology
In the prior art, for sewage work, the height of the sludge treatment cost that produces after the sewage purification all is difficult to calculate and control all the time.The treatment process of municipal sludge mainly contains landfill, is used for the fertile and burning of farming at present.With the burning is the method for sludge treatment of core, is method for sludge treatment the most completely at present.
Because high-load heavy metal substance of mud and pathogenic bacterium can be spread in soil; Can cause the highly polluted of soil and soil surface plantation farm crop; Landfill mud occupies then that a large amount of soils, processing costs improve day by day and along with the raising of environmental protection standard and the enforcement of the policy of recycling, landfill method will not be the approach of Sustainable development.From reasons such as above safety and environmental healths, the mud that produces after these sewage purifications forbids that stacking or landfill are at the solid refuse landfill yard.
If this type of mud can be caused the accumulation in a large number in soil of toxic heavy metal material equally as fertilizer of crops, thereby contaminated soil and farm crop.
If this type of mud is only carried out drying treatment, not only energy consumption is high, and it is little to take effect, therefore neither long-term plan.
With the burning is the method for sludge treatment of core, and it can make the whole carbonizations of organism, and therefore pathogen kill, and can reduce sludge volume to greatest extent has only this type of mud burned to be only long-acting and safe solution.And so far; The single-action incineration system that is used for burning sludge in the industry only is applicable to bigger sewage work (500,000 residents just build sewage work in above cities and towns); And this industriallization is used for the fluidized combustion equipment of sludge incineration; The fuel usage quantity is big, is all to have energy consumption height, deficiency that cost is high from manufacturing or from operation; And equipment is huge, is inappropriate for a spot of sludge treatment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of sludge treating system and treatment process, effectively reduces the sludge treatment cost.
The invention provides a kind of sludge treating system, comprise sludge drying mechanism, sludge incineration device, first transporting mechanism, second transporting mechanism;
Wherein, The mud that the high temperature that said sludge drying mechanism is used to utilize the flue gas that sludge incineration produces in the sludge incineration device obtains after to sewage purification carries out drying; Said sludge incineration device is used for dried mud heating; There is not burning voluntarily under the situation of additional fuel then; Said first transporting mechanism is used for dried mud is sent to said sludge incineration device, and said second transporting mechanism is used for the high temperature of the flue gas of sludge incineration generation in the said sludge incineration device is sent to said sludge drying mechanism;
Said sludge drying mechanism is connected with said sludge incineration device with second transporting mechanism through the mud transporting mechanism respectively.
Said second transporting mechanism preferably includes heat exchanger and condensing surface,
Wherein, Said heat exchanger is used for the thermal exchange between low-temperature receiver and the thermal source; Said low-temperature receiver is the cold air of said condensing surface discharge and/or the air that blasts to said sludge treating system, and said thermal source is flue gas that generates in the said sludge incineration device and/or the water vapour of discharging from said sludge drying mechanism; Condensing surface is used for the humid gas of discharging in the said sludge drying mechanism is carried out condensation, obtains water of condensation and cold air;
Said sludge drying mechanism is castor formula drying machine or spiral drying machine, is preferably castor formula drying machine;
Said castor formula drying machine can comprise mud squeezing device and/or sludge bulking shear and/or one or more parallel grate up and down,
Wherein, the mud squeezing device can be used for mud is flattened and push mud on grate; The sludge bulking shear can be used for mud is continued the sludge bulking that is cut into equal and opposite in direction or do not wait,
Mud squeezing device and/or sludge bulking shear can be movably connected on the inwall of said drying sludge chamber; Grate can be fixedly connected on the inwall of said drying sludge chamber,
Said mud squeezing device, said sludge bulking shear preferably are respectively packaged unit above grate;
Said sludge incineration device preferably includes mud heating unit and hot sludge incineration device,
Wherein said mud heating unit can be used to utilize hot gas that mud is heated, and said hot gas can come from heat exchanger through the heated gas of heat exchange,
It is that fuel burns that said hot sludge incineration device can be used for the organic substance in the mud, and the gas that needs in the burning can come from heat exchanger through the heated gas of heat exchange.
Described sludge treating system can also comprise sludge dehydration device, and said sludge dehydration device can be used for carrying out processed at the mud after the sewage purification, before drying sludge;
Said sludge dehydration device can link to each other with said sludge drying mechanism.
Preferably be provided with flue gas processing device on said heat exchanger and the pipeline that sludge incineration device links to each other; Said flue gas processing device can be used for the flue gas of sludge incineration generation in the said sludge incineration device before getting into heat exchanger, flue gas is carried out isolation of purified handle;
Said heat exchanger can connect one or both of flue gas solidification equipment, smoke eliminator, and the flue gas that the flue gas that can be used for that sludge incineration in said sludge incineration device is produced comes out from said heat exchanger after getting into heat exchanger is cured one or both of reaction treatment, purifying treatment;
Wherein, said curing reaction preferably includes: the chemical reaction of flue gas after will lowering the temperature and alkaline matter, water generation acid-base neutralisation, and said water comes from the water vapour in the drying process;
Wherein, said purification preferably includes: adopt fiber adsorption filtration or electronics adsorption filtration or charcoal absorption to filter the obnoxious flavour in the flue gas, flue gas is purified.
Said sludge incineration device can also comprise burner, and said burner is located at the outside or inner of said sludge incineration device,
Said burner can be used for said sludge treating system and start time point and fight the temperature in the said hot sludge incineration device is reached set(ting)value, and/or said burner is used for providing when temperature is lower than design temperature in the hot sludge incineration device described in the burning process burnt fuel;
The water of condensation that said condensing surface is discharged can be back to use effluent treatment plant;
The sewage that said sludge dehydration device is discharged can be back to use effluent treatment plant;
Said sulfuration bed bioreactor can link to each other through the 3rd transporting mechanism with said sludge drying mechanism, and said the 3rd transporting mechanism can be used for that the water vapour that said sludge drying mechanism is discharged is sent to said sulfuration bed bioreactor and participate in curing reaction;
Said sludge incineration device is preferably horizontal positioned, and its central symmetry axis and sea line are in a certain angle, serves as that axle rotates with its central symmetry axis.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for sludge treatment, comprises the steps: that with the high-temperature flue gas that produces in the burning disposal be drying source, conducts heat through drying source mud is carried out drying treatment; With dried mud carry out heat treated and at mud by the burning disposal of burning voluntarily after lighting.
The humid gas that generates in the drying treatment is preferably carried out condensation obtains cold air and water of condensation,
Can adopt the mode of heat exchange to realize the heat circulation in the sludge treatment, wherein, the heat exchange thermal source is the water vapour that produces in the high-temperature flue gas that produces in the burning disposal and/or the drying treatment, and the heat exchange low-temperature receiver is said cold air or air;
The thermal source that uses in the said drying treatment can also come from the hot gas that said cold air obtains through heat exchange, and the temperature of drying source is preferably 40-200 ℃; The preferred mode of the contact area that increases mud and drying source that adopts is carried out drying in the drying treatment, and this mode can comprise carries out mud flat mode or mud is cut into a plurality of equal and opposite in directions or the mode of the sludge bulking that do not wait on the grate upper berth;
The preferred mode of heating thermal source heat transfer that adopts heats in the said heat treated, and said heating thermal source is preferably through the heated gas of heat exchange;
The gas of participating in the said burning disposal burning is preferably through the heated gas of heat exchange, can carry out intermittence or continuity stirring to mud in the burning disposal, and incineration temperature is preferably 800-900 ℃.
Mud can carry out processed before dry, the water-content after the dehydration is preferably 5%-60%.
The flue gas that produces in the burning disposal is preferably before heat exchange separates and/or curing reaction and/or purification;
Can change the chemicalstability of composition in the flue gas through curing mode, the mode of said curing reaction preferably adopts flue and alkaline matter, the water reaction after the cooling, and said water preferably comes from the water vapour in the drying process;
The mode that purifies preferably adopts the mode of the obnoxious flavour in the absorption flue gas, and flue gas is purified.
Collect the water that generates in condensed water of condensation and the processed and can be back to use in the sewage purification processing circulation of realization sewage;
The water that generates in the drying treatment can be recycled, and the mode that recycles can comprise that the water that drying treatment is generated is back to use in said curing reaction or the heat exchange and use as recirculated water.
Provide through the present invention, can reach following effect:
1. practice thrift the sludge treatment cost.The present invention carries out drying sludge in sludge drying mechanism; In sludge incineration device, carry out drying back sludge incineration, in flue gas processing device, the flue gas after the sludge incineration is handled, the slag after the slag treatment device is to sludge incineration is handled; Wherein, Adopt the own organic-fuel of mud to carry out high-temp combustion in the sludge incineration process, thereby practiced thrift the usage quantity of other fuel, and then significantly reduced the cost of sludge treatment.
2. sludge treatment is effective.The present invention is with the fuel of the heating of the organic substance in the mud as burning; About 60% organic composition can be converted into heat in the mud; Grate combustion residue or flyash can be used as the construction waste disposal or as the substitute of road-making material or as general use, environment are not had peculiar smell.Water of compaction that obtains in the drying process and water of condensation can clean once more and be back to sewage purifier.Flue gas after the burning can be back to use heat exchange through handling, and the gas of finally discharging chimney only contains innocuous gas such as water vapor, carbonic acid gas.
2. processing cost is low, and price advantage is obvious.This treatment unit adopts heat reclamation type drying sludge, burning, treatment system; Two sections rotary type incinerators through being made up of mud heating unit and hot sludge incineration device carry out the heating and the burning of mud; Reclaim the sludge incineration heat to drying sludge workshop section, make in the mud about 60% organic composition be converted into heat, the heat supply respect; Can reach self-sufficient fully, therefore in equipment running process, not need to add again extra auxiliary fuel.
3. floor space is little.This treatment unit has two sections rotary type incinerators of HRU by the transmission equipment between wet mud storage warehouse, drying plant, drying plant and the two sections rotary type incinerators, compositions such as discarded refining plant, and whole plant area area is little, and cost reduces.
4. the handled thing utilization ratio is high.The residue staple of wet mud after burning is harmless lime-ash and flying dust, can be as the auxiliary material of Road construction, surpass the auxiliary material that harmless lime-ash more than 90% can be used as material of construction, and improve the economic serviceability of total system thus.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; Below will do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in below describing only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof according to these accompanying drawing illustrated embodiments.
Fig. 1 installs interface chart in the sludge treating system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sludge dewatering treatment schematic representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the mode of connection synoptic diagram of other devices in heat exchanger in the sludge treating system of the present invention and the system.
Fig. 4 is a treatment process synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below will combine the technical scheme of 1,2,3 or 4 pairs of various embodiments of the present invention of accompanying drawing to carry out clear, complete description, obviously, described embodiment only is a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are resulting all other embodiment under the prerequisite of not making creative work, the scope that all belongs to the present invention and protected.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, the present invention provides a kind of sludge treating system, it is characterized in that, comprises sludge drying mechanism, sludge incineration device, first transporting mechanism, second transporting mechanism;
Wherein, The mud that the high temperature that said sludge drying mechanism is used to utilize the flue gas that sludge incineration produces in the sludge incineration device obtains after to sewage purification carries out drying; Said sludge incineration device is used for dried mud heating; There is not burning voluntarily under the situation of additional fuel then; Said first transporting mechanism is used for dried mud is sent to said sludge incineration device, and said second transporting mechanism is used for the high temperature of the flue gas of sludge incineration generation in the said sludge incineration device is sent to said sludge drying mechanism;
Said sludge drying mechanism is connected with said sludge incineration device with second transporting mechanism through the mud transporting mechanism respectively.
Adopt the own organic composition of mud to carry out high-temp combustion in the sludge incineration process, thereby practiced thrift the usage quantity of other fuel, and then significantly reduced the cost of sludge treatment.
Simultaneously, this treatment unit is made up of sludge drying mechanism, sludge incineration device, first transporting mechanism, second transporting mechanism etc., and whole plant area area is little, and cost reduces.
The residue staple of wet mud after burning is harmless lime-ash and flue gas; Can directly carry out landfill as the auxiliary material of Road construction or in Waste Landfill Site; And the heavy metal substance in the mud is in burning process, because the fusing of sandy part in the mud that high temperature causes then directly is enriched among the sand of fusing; Therefore heavy metal substance can be converted into metastable state by unsteady state in the residue, and Here it is so-called " salinization of heavy metal silicic acid ".In the middle of the combustion processes of mud, the silicic acid salinization of heavy metal mainly appears between 800-900 ℃, simultaneously because the heavy metal after the silicic acid salinization is water insoluble, so can not pollute surrounding environment.Therefore, surpass the auxiliary material that harmless lime-ash more than 90% can be used as material of construction, improve the economic serviceability of total system thus.
Described sludge treating system can also comprise sludge dehydration device, and said sludge dehydration device can be used for carrying out processed at the mud after the sewage purification, before drying sludge; Said sludge dehydration device can link to each other with said sludge drying mechanism.
Sludge dehydration device can be connected through transport unit with sludge drying mechanism.
Sludge dehydration device can be for one or more, the amount and the processing power of the processing mud that how much depends on sewage work of number, and the water cut of the mud after the dehydration reduces, and helps ensuing further drying, heating and burning;
Like Fig. 2, said sludge dehydration device generally includes wet mud storage warehouse, mixing tank, water extracter, dewatered sludge storage warehouse etc.;
At first get into wet mud storage warehouse through the mud after the sewage purification; Can send into mixing tank through wet mud handling equipment from wet mud storage warehouse, said wet mud handling equipment is generally eccentric screw pump, and the density of transmission can be 2-6%; Such as: 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%; Be preferably 3.5-5%, can mix with flocculation agent after wet mud gets into mixing tank, throwing out takes place; Be generally 10%-50% at mud through the water cut behind the water extracter, such as: 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, be preferably 20-25%; The sewage that obtains through water extracter comes back to effluent treatment plant, realizes the circulation of sewage, sloughs the mud of water and then can send into the dewatered sludge storage warehouse through the dehydrated sludge transfer equipment, and said dehydrated sludge transfer equipment is generally transfer pump.Said dewatered sludge storage warehouse can be provided with one or more discharge buckets; Mud granule drops above the dewatered sludge storage warehouse on the conveying belt of bottom; Directly sent into the dehydrated sludge drying installation; The corresponding product pump of each discharge bucket, said product pump can be sent the mud in the dewatered sludge storage warehouse into the dehydrated sludge drying installation; In order to improve lime-ash particulate strong hardness after the sludge incineration, can add white lime feed counter in the front of dewatered sludge storage warehouse.
Said sludge drying mechanism can be castor formula drying machine or spiral drying machine, tray drier etc.; Said sludge drying mechanism can be for one or more;
Said castor formula drying machine can comprise one or more drying sludges chamber;
Can comprise in each drying sludge chamber interior: mud squeezing device and/or sludge bulking shear and/or one or more grate that is arranged in parallel up and down;
Wherein, the mud squeezing device can be used for mud is flattened and push mud on grate; The sludge bulking shear can be used for mud is continued the sludge bulking that is cut into equal and opposite in direction or do not wait;
Mud squeezing device and/or sludge bulking shear can be movably connected on the inwall of said drying sludge chamber; Grate can be fixedly connected on the inwall of said drying sludge chamber; Said flexible connection can connect or other modes for rotatable assembly, and said fixed connection can be welding, fixedly sleeved or other modes.
Said mud squeezing device, said sludge bulking shear can be respectively packaged unit above grate, handle and shearing treatment with convenient mud on the grate is flattened.
In order to increase the rate of drying of mud; Enlarge the contact area of mud and dry gas; Said castor formula drying machine can comprise one or more drying sludges chamber; A plurality of drying sludges chamber is spaced from each other in drying machine, is provided with a plurality of folded mutually up and down fire grates in each kiln, mud to be dried is tiled in carries out drying on the fire grate.In the starting stage of whole drying process; Said mud squeezing device can flatten and push the water in the mud with mud through pressure on grate; Said mud squeezing device is generally tinsel or metal sheet or metal block with holes; The running of mud squeezing device and space occupancy are preferably tinsel with holes for ease, and the water of mud the inside can pass through from the hole of tinsel with the mode of gas;
In order to increase the surface-area that mud contacts with the hot drying gas body, accelerate exsiccant speed.Can also comprise an automatic shear in the drying installation, to the shearing action that flattens, mud after the extruding carries out persistence, the block mud that forms thus.Because of its drying process mainly is to utilize the wet mud of heat transferred of 80-180 ℃ of hot drying gas body; Make the wet branch vaporization of Sludge Surface and spill into space outerpace; Thereby in Sludge Surface and the inner difference that moisture content occurs; And continue to surface diffusion and vaporization the mud moisture content constantly to be reduced inner wet the branch, progressively accomplishes the whole drying of mud.
Said second transporting mechanism preferably includes heat exchanger and condensing surface, and wherein, condensing surface can be used for the humid gas of discharging in the said sludge drying mechanism is carried out condensation, obtains water of condensation and cold air; Said heat exchanger is used to realize the cold air of said condensing surface discharge and the heat exchange between the interior flue gas that generates of said sludge incineration device;
In the sludge drying mechanism; After super-dry, obtain humid gas; Carrying the humid gas of moisture derives through a plurality of pipelines; Obtain water of condensation and cold air through condensing surface cooling back then, wherein cold air is through the gaseous heat exchanger heating, and the gas after the heating can be sent sludge drying mechanism at last again back to.Form a thermal circulation system thus, and have gas with foreign flavor can the discharge system outside.Water of condensation will import sewage purifier, realize recycling of sewage.What in heat exchanger, thermal source is provided for cold air is the flue gas that generates from the said sludge incineration device, and said flue gas is a high-temperature flue gas.
In sludge drying mechanism, block mud drops down onto down grate from last grate, and in whole drying process, mud is dried to solids content greater than 60%, such as, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, preferred 80%-90%.Dried mud is collected by collection device and is delivered to the opening for feed of incinerator through e Foerderanlage, and said collection device is generally screw lift(elevator), and said e Foerderanlage is generally the groove chain type transfer roller.
Said sludge incineration device preferably includes mud heating unit, hot sludge incineration device;
Wherein, the mud heating unit can utilize hot gas that dried mud is carried out heat treated, and hot sludge incineration device can utilize the organic composition in hot gas and the mud that the mud after heating is carried out burning disposal voluntarily;
The housing of said mud heating unit can be respectively shell, inner bag, refractory masses from outside to inside, can be provided with thermal insulation layer between shell and the inner bag, can be provided with thermal insulation layer between inner bag and the refractory masses; Guarantee that said mud heating unit is high temperature resistant and can keep hot environment;
The housing of said hot sludge incineration device can be respectively shell, inner bag, refractory masses from outside to inside, can be provided with thermal insulation layer between shell and the inner bag, can be provided with thermal insulation layer between inner bag and the refractory masses; Guarantee that said hot sludge incineration device is high temperature resistant and can keep hot environment;
Said heating unit can be for one or more; Said incinerator can be for one or more; Said mud heating unit and hot sludge incineration device can as a wholely also can be two devices that separate; Heat when getting into hot sludge incineration device in order to reduce hot mud reduces; Utilize the thermal environment of mud heating unit and hot sludge incineration device simultaneously, be preferably the mud heating unit and hot sludge incineration device is as a whole, can be described as two sections rotary type incinerators;
The body of heater of said two sections rotary type incinerators is generally cylindric, makes things convenient for incinerator in operation process, to rotate; Generally, said sludge incineration device horizontal positioned, its central symmetry axis and sea line are in a certain angle usually, can serve as that axle rotates with its central symmetry axis; Realizing the rotation of incinerator, the mud in the incinerator is stirred fully and moves, it is fully contacted with high-temperature flue gas with high-temperature gas, reach and heat and the effect of burning.
Said sludge incineration device can be provided with burner, and it is inner or outside that said burner can be located at said hot sludge incineration device; The high temperature of burning is provided for said sludge incineration device; When especially at the beginning of system starts, can't meet the requirements of temperature with the sludge incineration device internal temperature, comprising the content of organic composition in the mud do not reach provide enough heat to support the burning of mud.Burner is through manually or automatically controlling, and said burner is typically provided with fuel inlet, and it is inner or outside that said burner is located at said hot sludge incineration device; Fuel comprises fuel oil or combustion gas or other fuel.
Organic composition in the mud has the caloric value of 17MJ/kg, evaporates the heat that 1kg water needs 2.9MJ simultaneously.Generally, the mud that contains moisture 80% need evaporate 3kg moisture, thereby obtains the sludge-drying of 1kg, that is:
3kg·2.9MJ＝8.7MJ
Mud has 60% organic content, then obtains following actual heat value:
0.6·17MJ/kg＝10.2MJ/kg
It is thus clear that, under normal conditions, being enough to supply with the drying of mud by the heat that burning sludge produced, the heat supply respect can reach self-sufficient fully.Yet behind the supply drying sludge, waste heat is low excessively, can not make further Btu utilization.In any case in the middle of actual moving process, the combustiblematerials proportion should not be lower than 60% in the wet mud, under the lower situation of combustible content, then must start burner and carry out the aid burning heating.In order to keep the temperature of combustion in the incinerator, need install combustion gas or fuel oil automatic combustor additional when start-up system and charge.And if inorganic content is too high in the mud, then can cause incineration temperature to reduce to below 800 ℃, the burner of combustion gas this moment or fuel oil can be opened automatically, so that make incineration temperature continue to remain between 800-900 ℃.
Said sludge incineration device can be provided with one or more TPs; At any time follow the tracks of the temperature in the incinerator; Be used to measure the hot environment of sludge incineration; Said TP possesses the function that temperature information is sent to automatic control program; At any time temperature signal is sent in the automatic control program, determines whether to open said burner according to the temperature preset value, perhaps reconcile the temperature in the sludge incineration device to make things convenient for automatic control program.
The temperature of said hot sludge incineration device is generally the 800-900 degree, keeps this incineration temperature extremely important, can produce furans with dioxin is higher than 900 ℃ and then can produces oxynitride because be lower than 800 ℃ incineration temperature.
Preferably be provided with flue gas processing device on said heat exchanger and the pipeline that sludge incineration device links to each other; Said flue gas processing device was used for the flue gas of sludge incineration generation in the said sludge incineration device before getting into heat exchanger, flue gas is carried out isolation of purified handle;
Said heat exchanger can connect one or both of flue gas solidification equipment, smoke eliminator, and the flue gas that the flue gas that can be used for that sludge incineration in said sludge incineration device is produced comes out from said heat exchanger after getting into heat exchanger is cured one or both of reaction treatment, purifying treatment;
Said flue gas solidification equipment can be used for the flue gas of discharging after the heat exchange is cured reaction treatment, directly discharges through chimney then, and said flue gas solidification equipment can be the sulfuration bed bioreactor; Said sulfuration bed bioreactor is used for flue gas, white lime and water cure reaction;
Said flue gas solidification equipment can link to each other with said heat exchanger.
Said flue gas separation unit comprises cyclonic separator, and the flue gas that burning sludge produces then gets into cyclonic separator, and at first most of dust is separated, and the objectionable impurities in the flue gas also is separated like HCl, NO3, SO4 (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid) etc. then.Exhaust gas emission meets European Union's waste gas emission standard in 2006.Flying dust is separated.The flying dust of separating is not because of containing hazardous substance, so can dispose with slag basically.After removing the flying dust in the flue gas, it is sent into heat exchanger, the water that is used for heat exchange here from the dry water vapour that goes out of drying process,, water temperature is about 180 ℃.Simultaneously, flue gas temperature behind over-heat-exchanger is reduced to 190 ℃.
High temperature purification flue gas after the over-heat-exchanger cooling can get into said curing reaction device and be cured reaction; Wherein white lime and water can be participated in reaction, and the water of participating in reaction can come from water vapour or the outer water that gets into of said sludge treating system that said dehydration after drying device is discharged;
In this process, said curing reaction device is preferably fluidized bed reactor (claiming ebullated bed reactor again).Flue after cooling is sent into fluidized-bed reactor (claiming ebullated bed reactor again).Before fluidized-bed reaction, feed the water vapor of a part from drying treatment; Purpose is; The oxide compound of sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus and hydrogenchloride forms the alkaline environment contain water vapour at inside reactor, because can react with alkaline white lime under heated condition.Gac partly adsorbs remaining furans with dioxin.Feed white lime, utilize flow of flue gas to form the suspended motion state promoting the circulation of qi solid state reaction of going forward side by side then.
Below be the gas cleaning chemical reaction that takes place 80-180 ℃ temperature range:
From above chemical reaction sulfide not only, and muriate and fluorochemical all can be removed effectively.Heavy metal substance (like mercury etc.) and furans, dioxin etc. be equally earlier with white lime generation chemical reaction, also can be absorbed simultaneously by fabric filter.If have in the flue gas under the situation of chlorine element existence, can generate divalence mercury cl cpd usually, the compound of formation can be absorbed by fabric filter equally.Mercury so that metallic state exists can be got rid of through following reaction mechanism: at first, water and sulfurous gas can be adsorbed with vitriolic combining form, the sulfuric acid of this moment absorption again with MERCURY METAL 99.99(500+500FLASKS) generation chemical reaction, generate Mercury bisulfate, chemical equation is following:
2Hg+2H
2SO
4，ads＝HgSO
4，ads+2H
2O+SO
2
After flue gas and the white lime generation chemical reaction, absorption and the filtration through fabric filter again discharged after being inhaled into chimney then.Because after being adsorbed with harmful substances and filtering, only contain water vapour, carbonic acid gas and gas and allow compliance with emission standards in the exhaust gas discharged, get final product so the height of chimney only needs 10 to 15 meters.
Untapped white lime can be delivered to flue gas processing device again, and used white lime is then delivered to hold-up vessel and measured and replacement again.
Sample detection data before and after table 1. sludge incineration
Said sludge treating system can also comprise heat exchanger;
Like Fig. 3, in the said heat exchanger:
Provide the high temperature material of heat exchange can be the high temperature purification flue gas of said flue gas processing device discharge,
It can be the cold air of said condensing surface discharge that the cryogenic substance of heat exchange is provided, and cold air can come back to said dehydration after drying device after heating, use as first thermal source,
The recirculated water of said heat exchange can be the water vapour of said dehydration after drying device discharge,
Heat exchange will be installed the outer air that gets into or gas and is transported to after through the heat exchange heating and can be used as second thermal source in the said mud heating unit and use, and/or be transported to and can be used as the 3rd thermal source in the said hot sludge incineration device and use;
It is the lateral flow type induced draft fan that heat exchanger is carried the handling equipment of flue, and the frequency conversion type motor is arranged in the induced draft fan, therefore can realize regulating the purpose of operational throughput through regulating its power.
Can intrasystem gas be carried out recycle through heat exchanger.
Said slag treatment device can comprise pending slag import, and pending slag import can link to each other with said slag outlet; Said slag treatment device can comprise the pulverized slag crushing device, and said pulverized slag crushing device can be used for the slag that obtains after burning is carried out fragmentation.Said slag treatment device can comprise pending slag import, and pending slag import links to each other with said slag outlet; What of wet mud sediment concentration the slag of leaving over after the sludge incineration depend on.Then slag is delivered to the pulverized slag millstone and pulverize, degree of grinding will be as the criterion being rolled and be thrown into freight container by screw lift(elevator).Simultaneously, since this moment slag temperature also than higher, between 300-400 ℃, so want water that spiral lift is lowered the temperature.
Said sludge treatment equipment can also comprise the electronic program gear; Said electronic program gear can through wired or wireless respectively with sludge drying mechanism, sludge incineration device, flue gas separation unit, flue gas processing device, slag treatment device, heat exchanger, and each device between part mud e Foerderanlage (like sludge pump) etc. be connected.This system's fully automated operation is applicable to the uneven sludge incineration of each mass.Sludge pump, comb formula drying machine, sludge incineration device and all can pass through the control of frequency regulator off grade to gas apparatus etc. for what heat exchanger provided gas.Oxygen content and waste gas total amount can onlinely continue to monitor in sludge incineration device internal temperature, spent air temp, the waste gas.System mainly is to form through a programmable controller (SPS) and a program control system (PLS); These two parts can be placed in same factory building with power supply facilities and within the different room, can be got into by different passages respectively in the factory building outside.
Be after the first installation of sludge treating system, burn in sludge incineration device (sludge incinerator), make the interior temperature of stove reach 800 ℃ with the auxiliary burner of oily formula.When temperature in the stove reached 400 ℃, sludge dehydration device was opened operation; When temperature reached 800 ℃, the heat exchanger heat level that is used for drying treatment finished fully, and sludge-drying reaches the requirement temperature with heated dry air simultaneously.Then, the mud after the dehydration is delivered to drying, and then delivers to burning, when mud is delivered to sludge incinerator, closes burner this moment.Through continuing to carry exsiccant mud, then keep burning state in the furnace chamber.
Under continuously running duty, the waste heat of flue gas passes through heat exchanger and hot water circulation is supplied with dry and air is used in burning, can realize recovery of heat and utilization more thus.If organic composition reaches 60% when above in the mud, then do not need extra aid burning heating.
Like Fig. 4, the present invention also provides a kind of method for sludge treatment, comprises the steps:
Fig. 4, step 101: with the high-temperature flue gas that produces in the burning disposal is drying source, conducts heat through drying source mud is carried out drying treatment;
Fig. 4, step 102: with dried mud carry out heat treated and at mud by the burning disposal of burning voluntarily after lighting.
The mud that obtains after the sewage purification at first carries out sludge dewatering, the total mud of dehydration can with the flocculation agent phase reaction, throwing out takes place, the water that obtains after the dehydration can be back to use sewage purifier; The water cut of the mud after the dehydration can be 15%-40%;
After the sludge dewatering, carry out drying sludge, the exsiccant thermal source can come from the high temperature that the flue gas that produces in the sludge incineration process provides; Can also come from the gas that produces in the drying process, the mode that this gas appears is: discharge the humid gas that contains moisture in the drying process, humid gas passes through condensation again; By the time cold air; Cold air is passed through heat exchange again, absorbs heat and transfers hot gas to, and this hot gas promptly can be back to use in the drying process and use as drying source again; In drying process, can adopt the mode that thermal source conducts heat to carry out drying, the exsiccant heat source temperature is 40-200 ℃, such as 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 100 ℃, 120 ℃, 140 ℃, 160 ℃, 180 ℃, 200 ℃, is preferably 80-180 ℃; The water that wherein obtains after the condensation can be back to use sewage purifier;
In order to promote drying effect, can increase the contact area of mud and thermal source, the measure that wherein can take is preferably: mud is paved into lamella; And/or mud is divided into many fritters; Or other modes, like extrusion drainage etc.
Get into the heating phase through dried mud, in the said heat-processed, can carry out intermittence or continuity stirring to mud, mud can fully contact with thermal source, has quickened the rate of heating or the firing rate of mud; The thermal source of heating can come from through the heated gas of heat exchange;
In the said burning process, can carry out intermittence or continuity stirring to mud, incineration temperature is 800-900 ℃; The gas of participating in burning can come from through the heated gas of heat exchange; Organic composition in the mud has the caloric value of 17MJ/kg, evaporates the heat that 1kg water needs 2.9MJ simultaneously.Generally, the mud that contains moisture 80% need evaporate 3kg moisture, thereby obtains the sludge-drying of 1kg, that is:
3kg·2.9MJ＝8.7MJ
Mud has 60% organic content, then obtains following actual heat value:
0.6·17MJ/kg＝10.2MJ/kg
It is thus clear that, under normal conditions, being enough to supply with the drying of mud by the heat that burning sludge produced, the heat supply respect can reach self-sufficient fully.Yet behind the supply drying sludge, waste heat is low excessively, can not make further Btu utilization.In any case in the middle of actual moving process, the combustiblematerials proportion should not be lower than 60% in the wet mud, under the lower situation of combustible content, then must start burner and carry out the aid burning heating.In order to keep the temperature of combustion in the incinerator, need install combustion gas or fuel oil automatic combustor additional when start-up system and charge.Temperature to sludge incineration is monitored, if inorganic content is too high in the mud, then can cause incineration temperature to reduce to below 800 ℃, and the burner of combustion gas this moment or fuel oil can be opened automatically, so that make incineration temperature continue to remain between 800-900 ℃.
The temperature of said hot sludge incineration device is generally 800-900 ℃, keeps this incineration temperature extremely important, can produce furans with dioxin is higher than 900 ℃ and then can produces oxynitride because be lower than 800 ℃ incineration temperature.
Can obtain pyritous flue gas and slag after the sludge incineration; Owing to also have obnoxious flavour in the high-temperature flue gas and learn Unstable Substance; Therefore need carry out separating treatment and the reaction that changes chemicalstability to flue gas; This reaction can be curing reaction, and this curing reaction can be that wherein water can come from the water vapour in the drying process with the chemical reaction of flue gas and alkaline matter after the cooling, water generation acid-base neutralisation; Wherein, the material of alkaline matter comprises white lime, unslaked lime, sodium hydrogencarbonate or the similar chemical substance that alkalescence can be provided.
At first most of dust is separated, and the objectionable impurities in the flue gas also is separated like HCl, NO3, SO4 (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid) etc. then.Exhaust gas emission meets European Union's waste gas emission standard in 2006.Flying dust is separated.The flying dust of separating is not because of containing hazardous substance, so can dispose with slag basically.After removing the flying dust in the flue gas, it is sent into heat exchange, the water that is used for heat exchange here from the dry water vapour that goes out of drying process, water temperature is about 180 ℃.Simultaneously, flue gas temperature behind over-heat-exchanger is reduced to 190 ℃ approximately.
High temperature purification flue gas after the over-heat-exchanger cooling can get into said curing reaction; Wherein white lime and water can be participated in reaction, and the water of participating in reaction can come from water vapour or the outer water that gets into of said sludge treating system that said dehydration after drying device is discharged;
Flue after cooling is sent into fluidized-bed reactor (claiming ebullated bed reactor again).Before fluidized-bed reaction, feed the water vapor of a part from drying treatment; Purpose is; The oxide compound of sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorus and hydrogenchloride forms the alkaline environment contain water vapour at inside reactor, because can react with alkaline white lime under heated condition.Gac partly adsorbs remaining furans with dioxin.Feed white lime, utilize flow of flue gas to form the suspended motion state promoting the circulation of qi solid state reaction of going forward side by side then.
From above chemical reaction sulfide not only, and muriate and fluorochemical all can be removed effectively.Heavy metal substance (like mercury etc.) and furans, dioxin etc. be equally earlier with white lime generation chemical reaction, also can be absorbed simultaneously by fabric filter, electronic filter or activated charcoal filter.If have in the flue gas under the situation of chlorine element existence, can generate divalence mercury cl cpd usually, the compound of formation can be absorbed by fabric filter equally.Mercury so that metallic state exists can be got rid of through following reaction mechanism: at first, water and sulfurous gas can be adsorbed with vitriolic combining form, the sulfuric acid of this moment absorption again with MERCURY METAL 99.99(500+500FLASKS) generation chemical reaction, generate Mercury bisulfate, chemical equation is following:
2Hg+2H
2SO
4，ads＝HgSO
4，ads+2H
2O+SO
2
After flue gas and the white lime generation chemical reaction, absorption and the filtration through fabric filter, electronic filter or activated charcoal filter again discharged after being inhaled into chimney then.Because after being adsorbed with harmful substances and filtering, only contain water vapour, carbonic acid gas and gas and allow compliance with emission standards in the exhaust gas discharged, get final product so the height of chimney only needs 10 to 15 meters.
Untapped white lime can be delivered to flue gas processing device again, and used white lime is then delivered to hold-up vessel and measured and replacement again.
Whole system automations, and can carry out remote monitoring.Can analyze and get rid of fault at once in case go wrong.If the value of going beyond the limit of, system can close down automatically.Equipment stepless control is meant the different sludge qualities that whole day is thrown in 24 hours, can adjust the operation of assurance equipment automatically.
Sludge pump, comb formula drying machine, sludge incineration device and all can pass through the control of frequency regulator off grade to gas apparatus etc. for what heat exchanger provided gas.Oxygen content and waste gas total amount can onlinely continue to monitor in sludge incineration device internal temperature, spent air temp, the waste gas.System mainly is to form through a programmable controller (SPS) and a program control system (PLS); These two parts can be placed in same factory building with power supply facilities and within the different room, can be got into by different passages respectively in the factory building outside.
Be after the first installation of sludge treating system, burn in sludge incineration device (sludge incinerator), make the interior temperature of stove reach 800 ℃ with the auxiliary burner of oily formula.When temperature in the stove reached 400 ℃, sludge dehydration device was opened operation; When temperature reached 800 ℃, the heat exchanger heat level that is used for drying treatment finished fully, and sludge-drying reaches the requirement temperature with heated dry air simultaneously.Then, the mud after the dehydration is delivered to drying, and then delivers to burning, when mud is delivered to sludge incinerator, closes burner this moment.Through continuing to carry exsiccant mud, then keep burning state in the furnace chamber.
Under continuously running duty, the waste heat of flue gas passes through heat exchanger and water circulation is supplied with dry and air is used in burning, can realize recovery of heat and utilization more thus.If organic composition reaches 60% when above in the mud, then do not need extra aid burning heating.
Through a kind of sludge treatment equipment provided by the invention and treatment process, can reach following effect:
The heat reclamation type sludge drying and incineration system can be handled 250-5000kg dewatered sludge/h and not wait, and being equivalent to density is 200kg/m
3The dewatered sludge throughput of dry matter content is 1-25m
3/ h, if moved day according to 300 and calculate in 1 year, then the heat reclamation type sludge drying and incineration system can burn from 70,000-2,000,000 town dweller's wet mud.
This sludge treating system according to its sized and processing power, can handle 70,000 to 2,000,000 town dweller's wet mud.
The total system floor space is little, only needs between one about 1000-2000 square metre industrial truck.
Whole system automations, and can carry out remote monitoring.Can analyze and get rid of fault at once in case go wrong.If the value of going beyond the limit of, system can close down automatically.
Equipment stepless control is meant the different sludge qualities that whole day is thrown in 24 hours, can adjust the operation of assurance equipment automatically.
Constantly carry dewatered sludge, make and remain at 800-900 ℃ of temperature in the incinerator, energy recycling in the realization system, the usage quantity of saving external fuel to burner hearth.
System's continuous service reaches the recovery of heat purpose, promptly refers to, the heat that burning sludge is produced reclaims and return to drying sludge, can realize recovery of heat and utilization more thus.
Sludge treating system of the present invention and treatment process are to be the economy sludge incineration technology of environmental protection again, both have been suitable for new projects' construction, also be suitable for existing, even small-scale sewage work transforms.
This technology is compared with common incineration technology, on manufacturing cost, can save 30%. promptly, makes the about 20.000 tons equipment of year burning sludge, and manufacturing expense is merely 7,000,000.
About 60% organic composition can be converted into heat in the mud, and this means does not have extra demand for fuel in equipment running process.
Fuel oil or the combustion gas that only need when starting outfit, use, purpose are the temperature of combustion that keeps interior 800-900 ℃ of incinerator.
The equipment operation is than the energy-conservation 15%-20% of conventional sludge incinerator.
This system can make modular construction, is convenient to when sludge quantity increases, be easy to expansion.
Grate combustion residue or flyash can be used as that construction waste is disposed or use as the substitute of road-making material or as general.Environment there is not peculiar smell.
Water of compaction and water of condensation can clean once more and be back to sewage purifier.
Expellant gas only contains water vapor, carbonic acid gas and gas.
It should be noted that: other specific refuse, such as: waste and old computingmachine, oily sludge; Medical waste (syringe, bandage etc.), the slaughterhouse waste; Food waste and general rubbish or the like, all its organic contents are greater than 60% equal together burning that can be without a doubt.This is considerable " extra " revenue source.But medical waste must also will have special reception facilities because of its hygienic reason.
Various embodiment provided by the invention can make up with any-mode as required each other, the technical scheme that obtains through this combination, also within the scope of the invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and modification to the present invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, belong within the scope of claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof if of the present invention these are revised with modification, then the present invention also comprises these changes and modification interior.
Claims (10)
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| CN102718386A (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-10 | 北京国通环宇科技有限公司 | Sludge treatment method |
| CN103713547A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-09 | 江苏大学 | Device for directly drying sludge by using wind power generation and control method |
| CN106642142A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-10 | 湖南瑞新机械制造有限公司 | Method and device for reducing emission load of unburned materials and waste incineration treating system |
| CN109704528A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-05-03 | 安徽金辉肥业有限公司 | A kind of biological carbon fertilizer prepares charcoal drying and other treatment equipment |
| CN109796119A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2019-05-24 | 成都元泽环境技术有限公司 | A kind of smoke backflow sludge dewatering technology |
| CN110357389A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-10-22 | 上海大川原德莱因设备工程有限公司 | A kind of hot air type sludge drying and incinerating system |
| CN110828832A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-02-21 | 深圳渝鹏新能源汽车检测研究有限公司 | Preparation method of iridium-based catalyst for anode of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell |
| CN111396899A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-10 | 海诺尔环保产业股份有限公司 | Sludge drying and incineration integrated treatment system |
| CN112079621A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-15 | 沈阳中城城市矿产资源开发集团有限公司 | A sludge and urban construction waste treatment and reuse system |
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| CN201670796U (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2010-12-15 | 轻工业环境保护研究所 | Sludge drying and incineration integrated treatment system |
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Application publication date: 20120201 |