CN102304642A - Cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy and a preparation method thereof. The cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10 to 14 percent of Sn, 2 to 5 percent of Pb, 1 to 4 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.25 percent of Fe, Sb, Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi which serve as impurities and the balance of Cu. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: smelting an electrolytic copper plate, a pure nickel plate, a pure tin ingot and a pure lead ingot which serve as raw materials sequentially; adding a refining agent into melting liquid, pouring, cooling, and thus obtaining a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy ingot; and homogenizing and annealing the alloy ingot to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy product. The prepared cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy has uniform ingredients, dendritic segregation is improved obviously, a small number of cast state defects occur, the hardness of the alloy is more than or equal to 100HB, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 300MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy is particularly suitable for wear-resistant heavy load key parts in a traffic power industry.

Description

A kind of casting wear-resistant tin bronze alloy and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of tin-bronze alloy preparation, in particular to a casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Tin bronze is an alloy with tin as the main alloying element and Pb, Ni and other elements added at the same time. It has good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. It is mainly used in the manufacture of elastic components of steam boilers, sea ships and other machinery and equipment and automobiles. And other parts subject to friction in the industry, such as cylinder piston pin bushings, bearings and bushing linings, auxiliary connecting rod bushings, discs and washers and other wear-resistant parts. The tin content of tin bronze for industrial use is generally 3% to 14%. It can be divided into processed tin bronze and cast tin bronze. The tin content of tin bronze used for pressure processing is less than 8%, and the tin content of cast tin bronze is 10%. %~14%.

With the harsh service conditions of products and the diversification of product application fields, the performance of traditional tin bronze materials needs to be further improved to meet the functional requirements of products under harsh service conditions. At the same time, the varieties of tin bronze alloys also need to be further improved and diversified. Meet the product needs under special working conditions. At present, GB/T1176-1987 has 6 grades of cast tin bronze. Since the tin bronze alloy has a wide crystallization temperature range and wide solidification area, the casting performance is poor in fluidity, and it is easy to produce casting defects such as shrinkage porosity and segregation. Therefore, At present, the main problems that need to be solved in the development of tin bronze alloys are composition segregation and casting defects. The main means used for this are to adjust the composition and improve the preparation process. For example, the Qiqihar No. 1 Machine Tool Factory has developed tin Bronze G2CuSn12Pb, Beijing University of Science and Technology prepared tin bronze ZSn9Zn5, ZSn5Zn9 by vacuum casting method. However, there is no report on cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy and its preparation method. Therefore, providing a cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy and its preparation method is of great significance to meet the needs of actual products.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy.

The object of the present invention is also to provide a method for preparing a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy, consisting of the following components in weight percentage: Sn 10-14%, Pb 2-5%, Ni 1-4 %, the total content of impurity components Fe, Sb, Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi≤0.25%, and the balance is Cu.

Preferably, the casting wear-resistant tin bronze alloy is composed of the following components in weight percentage: Sn 12%, Pb 3.5%, Ni 2.5%, the total content of impurity components Fe, Sb, Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi ≤0.25%, the balance is Cu.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a preparation method for casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy, comprising the following steps:

(1) Prepare raw materials: take electrolytic copper plates, pure tin ingots, pure nickel plates and pure lead ingots, then cut, dry and degrease the surface, and then use them;

(2) Ingredients: Weigh the raw materials processed in step (1) according to the composition of cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy;

(3) Melting: Add charcoal to the melting furnace first, then add electrolytic copper plates to the melting furnace, heat to melt the electrolytic copper plates, ensure that the melt surface is completely covered by charcoal during the process of heating and melting the electrolytic copper plates, and pass through the charcoal covering layer Cut off most of the air to realize the melting process of the electrolytic copper plate in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere, the temperature is 1150-1250°C, and the duration is 40-60 minutes; after the electrolytic copper plate is completely melted, the temperature is raised to 1500°C-1550°C and pure nickel plate is added , continue to melt the pure nickel plate in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere for 10-15 minutes; after the pure nickel plate is melted, the temperature drops to 1150-1250°C, then add pure tin ingots and pure lead ingots for melting under a micro-oxidizing atmosphere , lasts for 1 to 3 minutes, and then adds phosphorus copper deoxidizer for deoxidation, stirs with a graphite stirring rod during the smelting process, and removes slag with a slag removal rod;

(4) Adding refining agent: After slag removal, add refining agent to the melt. The amount of refining agent is 0.5% to 2% of the total weight of the melt. After that, stir evenly. ~ 3 minutes, when there is scum on the surface of the melt, then carry out the slag removal treatment until no scum appears on the surface of the melt;

(5) Pouring: After there is no scum on the surface of the melt, after the surface of the melt is removed and the melt is mirror-like, the melt is transferred to the ladle, and then poured into the mold. The pouring temperature is 1120 ° C ~ 1150 ° C ℃, then cooled and taken out to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy ingot;

(6) Homogenizing annealing: the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy ingot in step (5) is kept at 600-800°C for 6-10 hours, then air-cooled, and homogenized annealed to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product.

The refining agent described in step (4) is composed of the following components in weight percentage: 60-80% Eu or Eu ₂ O ₃ , 10-30% SiO ₂ , 8-10% Rb ₂ O ₂ And 0.5-2% of YVO ₄ or Y ₂ O ₃ .

In step (5), before pouring the melt into the mold, the mold is preheated, and the preheating temperature is 250-350°C.

Preferably, in step (6), the temperature of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy ingot is homogenized and annealed at 750° C., kept for 8 hours, and then air-cooled.

The cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy provided by the invention is rich in elements such as tin and lead, has a large solidification range, and in addition, lead has a large specific gravity and is not solid-soluble in the copper-tin alloy, but is distributed in dendrites in a single-phase and black granular form. Therefore, defects such as reverse segregation of tin elements, specific gravity segregation of lead elements, and microscopic dendrite segregation are prone to occur during the smelting and casting process. Therefore, the preparation method of cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy provided by the present invention uses a refining agent, which has functions such as degassing, enhancing melt fluidity, and refining crystal grains. By adding the refining agent, the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy product prepared by the present invention has uniform composition, fine structure and excellent performance, and the dendrite segregation defect of the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy is further improved through the subsequent homogenization annealing treatment .

The casting wear-resistant tin bronze alloy prepared by the method of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) the alloy composition is uniform, and the dendrite segregation is better improved after homogenization annealing; (2) there are few defects in the as-cast state, and the alloy hardness is ≥ 100HB , Tensile strength ≥ 300MPa, elongation ≥ 10%. The cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy prepared by the method of the invention is especially suitable for wear-resistant and heavy-duty key components in the transportation power industry.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the microstructure photograph of the casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product that the embodiment of the present invention 1 makes;

Fig. 2 is the microstructure of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product prepared by the conventional casting method, that is, the preparation process of batching → smelting → pouring, which has the same composition as the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product in Example 1 of the present invention photo;

Fig. 3 is the microstructure photograph of the casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product that the embodiment of the present invention 2 makes;

Fig. 4 is the same composition as the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product of Example 2 of the present invention, but adopts the microstructure of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product prepared by the conventional casting method, that is, the preparation process of batching → smelting → pouring photo;

Fig. 5 is the microstructure photograph of the casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product that the embodiment of the present invention 3 makes;

Fig. 6 is the same composition as the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product of Example 3 of the present invention, but adopts the microstructure of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product prepared by the conventional casting method, that is, the preparation process of batching → smelting → pouring photo;

Fig. 7 is the microstructure photograph of the casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product that the embodiment of the present invention 4 makes;

Figure 8 is the microstructure of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product prepared by the conventional casting method, that is, the preparation process of batching → smelting → pouring, which has the same composition as the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product in Example 4 of the present invention photo.

Detailed ways

Example 1

The cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy of the present embodiment is made up of the following components in weight percentage: Sn 14%, Pb 2%, Ni 1%, impurity components Fe, Sb, Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi The total content is 0.25%, and the balance is Cu.

The preparation method of the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy of the present embodiment, the specific steps are:

(1) Prepare raw materials: take 1# electrolytic copper plate with a purity of 99.95%, 1# tin ingot with a purity of 99.90%, 1# nickel plate with a purity of 99.99%, 1# lead ingot with a purity of 99.994%, and then cut , drying and surface degreasing treatment, ready for use;

(2) Ingredients: Weigh the raw materials processed in step (1) according to the composition of cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy;

(3) Melting: First add charcoal about 20cm thick into the melting furnace, then add electrolytic copper plates into the melting furnace, heat rapidly to melt the electrolytic copper plates, and add charcoal during the process of heating and melting the electrolytic copper plates to ensure liquid The surface is completely covered by charcoal, which can keep warm, prevent air inhalation and deoxidize, so as to realize the melting process of the electrolytic copper plate. Add pure nickel plate to 1550°C, continue to melt the pure nickel plate in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere for 10 minutes; after the pure nickel plate is melted, the temperature drops to 1250°C, then add pure tin ingots and pure lead ingots Smelting under an oxidizing atmosphere for 1 minute, then adding phosphor copper deoxidizer for deoxidation, stirring with a graphite stirring rod during the smelting process, and removing slag with a slag removal rod;

(4) Adding refining agent: Add refining agent to the melt after slag removal, the refining agent is composed of the following components in weight percentage: Eu 60%, SiO ₂ 30%, Rb ₂ O ₂ 8%, YVO ₄ 2%, the amount of refining agent is 0.5% of the total weight of the melt, and then slowly stir from top to bottom, when the temperature rises to 1200 ° C, stop heating, let stand for 3 minutes, until the surface of the melt floats When removing slag, carry out slag removal treatment until no scum appears on the surface of the melt;

(5) Pouring: After there is no scum on the surface of the melt, the surface of the melt is opened to form a mirror surface, and the melt is transferred to the ladle, and then poured into the preheated mold. The temperature is 350°C, the pouring temperature is 1150°C, then cooled and taken out to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy ingot;

(6) Homogenizing annealing: the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy ingot in step (5) was kept at 600° C. for 8 hours, then air-cooled, and homogenized annealed to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy product. The cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product obtained is directly used for machining.

In this example, the hardness of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy reaches 119HB, the tensile strength and elongation are 313MPa and 11.2%, respectively, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, and the dendrite segregation is significantly improved. The photo of the microstructure of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 1 .

Under the same conditions as the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product in this example, the hardness of the alloy prepared by the existing conventional preparation process of batching→smelting→casting is 93HB, and the tensile strength and elongation are 206MPa and 4.2 respectively. %, and the segregation is serious, its microstructure photo is shown in Figure 2.

It can be seen in Figure 2 that there are a large number of dendrites, and the dendrite segregation is obvious; in Figure 1, there are basically no dendrites, the composition is evenly distributed, and the dendrite segregation is significantly improved.

Example 2

The cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy of the present embodiment is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: Sn 12%, Pb 3.5%, Ni 2.5%, impurity components Fe, Sb, Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi The total content is 0.23%, and the balance is Cu.

The preparation method of the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy of the present embodiment, the specific steps are:

(1) Prepare raw materials: take 1# electrolytic copper plate with a purity of 99.95%, 1# tin ingot with a purity of 99.90%, 1# nickel plate with a purity of 99.99%, 1# lead ingot with a purity of 99.994%, and then cut , drying and surface degreasing treatment, ready for use;

(2) Ingredients: Weigh the raw materials processed in step (1) according to the composition of cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy;

(3) Melting: First add charcoal about 20cm thick into the melting furnace, then add electrolytic copper plates into the melting furnace, heat rapidly to melt the electrolytic copper plates, and add charcoal during the process of heating and melting the electrolytic copper plates to ensure liquid The surface is completely covered by charcoal, which can keep warm, prevent air absorption and deoxidation, so as to realize the melting process of the electrolytic copper plate in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere, the temperature is 1150 ° C, and the duration is 60 minutes; after the electrolytic copper plate is completely melted, the temperature rises Add pure nickel plates to 1500°C, continue to melt the pure nickel plates in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere for 15 minutes; after the pure nickel plates are melted, the temperature drops to 1150°C, then add pure tin ingots and pure lead ingots Smelting under an oxidizing atmosphere for 3 minutes, then adding phosphor copper deoxidizer for deoxidation, stirring with a graphite stirring rod during the smelting process, and removing slag with a slag removal rod;

(4) Adding refining agent: Add refining agent to the melt after slag removal, the refining agent is composed of the following components in weight percentage: Eu 69.5%, SiO ₂ 20%, Rb ₂ O ₂ 10%, YVO ₄ 0.5%, the amount of refining agent is 1.5% of the total weight of the melt, and then slowly stir from top to bottom, when the temperature rises to 1250 ° C, stop heating, let stand for 1 minute, until the surface of the melt When there is scum, remove the slag until no scum appears on the surface of the melt;

(5) Pouring: After no scum appears on the surface of the melt, the surface of the melt is removed to form a mirror surface, and the melt is transferred to the ladle, and then poured into the preheated mold. The temperature is 250°C, the pouring temperature is 1120°C, then cooled, taken out, and cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy ingots are obtained;

(6) Homogenization annealing: the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy ingot in step (5) was kept at 680° C. for 10 hours, then air-cooled, and homogenized annealed to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy product. The cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product obtained is directly used for machining.

In this example, the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy has a hardness of 121HB, a tensile strength and elongation of 328MPa and 16.3%, respectively, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, and the dendrite segregation is significantly improved. The photo of the microstructure of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 .

Under the same conditions as the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product of this embodiment, the hardness of the alloy prepared by the existing conventional preparation process of batching→smelting→casting is 78HB, and the tensile strength and elongation are 219MPa and 219MPa respectively. 3.9%, and the segregation is serious. The photo of its microstructure is shown in Figure 4.

Example 3

The casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy of the present embodiment is composed of the following components in percentage by weight: Sn 10%, Pb 5%, Ni 4%, impurity components Fe, Sb, Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi The total content is 0.20%, and the balance is Cu.

The preparation method of the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy of the present embodiment, the specific steps are:

(1) Prepare raw materials: take 1# electrolytic copper plate with a purity of 99.95%, 1# tin ingot with a purity of 99.90%, 1# nickel plate with a purity of 99.99%, 1# lead ingot with a purity of 99.994%, and then cut , drying and surface degreasing treatment, ready for use;

(2) Ingredients: Weigh the raw materials processed in step (1) according to the composition of cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy;

(3) Melting: First add charcoal about 20cm thick into the melting furnace, then add electrolytic copper plates into the melting furnace, heat rapidly to melt the electrolytic copper plates, and add charcoal during the process of heating and melting the electrolytic copper plates to ensure liquid The surface is completely covered by charcoal, which can keep warm, prevent air absorption and deoxidation, so as to realize the melting process of the electrolytic copper plate in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere, the temperature is 1200 ° C, and the duration is 50 minutes; after the electrolytic copper plate is completely melted, the temperature rises Add pure nickel plate to 1500°C, continue to melt the pure nickel plate in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere for 15 minutes; after the pure nickel plate is melted, the temperature drops to 1200°C, then add pure tin ingot and pure lead ingot for micro Smelting under an oxidizing atmosphere for 2 minutes, then adding phosphor copper deoxidizer for deoxidation, stirring with a graphite stirring rod during the smelting process, and removing slag with a slag removal rod;

(4) Adding refining agent: Add refining agent to the melt after slag removal, the refining agent is composed of the following components in weight percentage: Eu ₂ O ₃ 60%, SiO ₂ 30%, Rb ₂ O ₂ 8 %, Y ₂ O ₃ 2%, the amount of refining agent used is 2% of the total weight of the melt, and then slowly and fully stirred from top to bottom, when the temperature rises to 1200 ° C, stop heating, let stand for 2 minutes, wait When there is scum on the surface of the melt, carry out scum removal treatment until no scum appears on the surface of the melt;

(5) Pouring: After no scum appears on the surface of the melt, after the surface of the melt is removed and the melt becomes mirror-like, the melt is transferred to the ladle, and then poured into the preheated mold. The temperature is 300°C, the pouring temperature is 1150°C, then cooled and taken out to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy ingot;

(6) Homogenization annealing: the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy ingot in step (5) was kept at 750° C. for 8 hours, and then air-cooled for homogenization annealing to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy product. The cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product obtained is directly used for machining.

In this example, the hardness of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy reaches 128HB, the tensile strength and elongation are 336MPa and 17.6%, respectively, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, and the dendrite segregation is significantly improved. The photo of the microstructure of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 5 .

Under the same conditions as the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product of this embodiment, the hardness of the alloy prepared by adopting the existing conventional preparation process of batching→smelting→casting is 68HB, and the tensile strength and elongation are 223MPa and 223MPa respectively. 3.7%, and the segregation is serious. The photo of its microstructure is shown in Figure 6.

Example 4

The casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy of the present embodiment is made up of the following components in percentage by weight: Sn 14%, Pb 2%, Ni 4%, impurity components Fe, Sb, Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi The total content is 0.25%, and the balance is Cu.

The preparation method of the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy of the present embodiment, the specific steps are:

(1) Prepare raw materials: take 1# electrolytic copper plate with a purity of 99.95%, 1# tin ingot with a purity of 99.90%, 1# nickel plate with a purity of 99.99%, 1# lead ingot with a purity of 99.994%, and then cut , drying and surface degreasing treatment, ready for use;

(2) Ingredients: Weigh the raw materials processed in step (1) according to the composition of cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy;

(3) Melting: First add charcoal about 20cm thick into the melting furnace, then add electrolytic copper plates into the melting furnace, heat rapidly to melt the electrolytic copper plates, and add charcoal during the process of heating and melting the electrolytic copper plates to ensure liquid The surface is completely covered by charcoal, which can keep warm, prevent air inhalation and deoxidize, so as to realize the melting process of the electrolytic copper plate. Add pure nickel plate to 1550°C, continue to melt the pure nickel plate in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere for 10 minutes; after the pure nickel plate is melted, the temperature drops to 1250°C, then add pure tin ingots and pure lead ingots Smelting under an oxidizing atmosphere for 1 minute, then adding phosphor copper deoxidizer for deoxidation, stirring with a graphite stirring rod during the smelting process, and removing slag with a slag removal rod;

(4) Adding refining agent: Add refining agent to the melt after slag removal, the refining agent is composed of the following components in weight percentage: Eu ₂ O ₃ 80%, SiO ₂ 10%, Rb ₂ O ₂ 9.5 %, Y ₂ O ₃ 0.5%, the amount of refining agent used is 0.8% of the total weight of the melt, and then slowly and fully stirred from top to bottom, when the temperature rises to 1200°C, stop heating, let stand for 2 minutes, wait When there is scum on the surface of the melt, carry out scum removal treatment until no scum appears on the surface of the melt;

(5) Pouring: After no scum appears on the surface of the melt, after the surface of the melt is removed and the melt becomes mirror-like, the melt is transferred to the ladle, and then poured into the preheated mold. The temperature is 350°C, the pouring temperature is 1150°C, then cooled and taken out to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy ingot;

(6) Homogenizing annealing: the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy ingot in step (5) is kept at 800° C. for 10 hours, then air-cooled, and homogenized annealing is performed to obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy product. The cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product obtained is directly used for machining.

In this example, the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy has a hardness of 114HB, a tensile strength and elongation of 309MPa and 13.8%, respectively, the plasticity of the alloy is improved, and the dendrite segregation is significantly improved. The photo of the microstructure of the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 7 .

Under the same conditions as the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy product of this embodiment, the hardness of the alloy prepared by adopting the existing conventional preparation process of batching→smelting→casting is 76HB, and the tensile strength and elongation are 252MPa and 252MPa respectively. 7.3%, and the segregation is serious. The photo of its microstructure is shown in Figure 8.

Claims (6)

1. A casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy, characterized in that, consists of the following components in percentage by weight: Sn 10-14%, Pb 2-5%, Ni 1-4%, impurity components Fe, Sb, The total content of Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi is ≤0.25%, and the balance is Cu. 2. The cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that, the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy is composed of the following components in weight percentage: Sn 12%, Pb 3.5%, Ni 2.5%, The total content of impurity components Fe, Sb, Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi is ≤0.25%, and the balance is Cu. 3. a preparation method for casting wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Ingredients step: Weigh the raw materials according to the composition of the cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy. The raw materials are electrolytic copper plate, pure tin ingot, pure nickel plate and pure lead ingot. The cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy is composed of the following weight percentages Component composition: Sn 10-14%, Pb 2-5%, Ni 1-4%, the total content of impurity components Fe, Sb, Al, Zn, P, Si and Bi≤0.25%, and the balance is Cu; Melting steps: heat and melt the electrolytic copper plate in a micro-oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature of 1150-1250°C for 40-60 minutes; after the electrolytic copper plate is completely melted, raise the temperature to 1500-1550°C and add a pure nickel plate to continue the micro-oxidation Melt the pure nickel plate under the atmosphere for 10-15 minutes; after the pure nickel plate is melted, the temperature drops to 1150-1250°C, then add pure tin ingots and pure lead ingots for smelting under a micro-oxidizing atmosphere for 1-15 minutes 3 minutes, stirring during smelting, removing slag; Step of adding refining agent: after slag removal, add refining agent to the melt. The amount of refining agent is 0.5% to 2% of the total weight of the melt. Minutes, when there is scum on the surface of the melt, then carry out the scum removal treatment until no scum appears on the surface of the melt; Pouring steps: After no scum appears on the surface of the melt, transfer the melt to the ladle, and then pour it into the mold at a pouring temperature of 1120°C to 1150°C, then cool it, take it out, and obtain a cast wear-resistant tin bronze alloy casting ingot; Annealing step: heat the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy ingot at 600-800° C. for 6-10 hours, then air-cool and perform uniform annealing treatment to obtain cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy products. 4. The method for preparing a cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy according to claim 3, wherein the refining agent is composed of the following components in weight percent: 60-80% Eu or Eu ₂ O ₃ , 10-30% SiO ₂ , 8-10% Rb ₂ O ₂ and 0.5-2% YVO ₄ or Y ₂ O ₃ . 5. The preparation method of cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that, in the pouring step, before pouring the melt into the mold, the mold is preheated, and the preheating temperature is 250-350 ℃. 6. The preparation method of cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that, in the annealing step, the temperature at which the cast wear-resistant tin-bronze alloy ingot is homogenized annealed is 750° C. hours, then cool in air.

Images