CN101936659A - Open type anode roaster modular flue wall - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an open-type anode roasting furnace modular flue wall which is more convenient for construction and has better integrity. It is assembled from 2-60 refractory prefabricated modules, and the module provided with the burner is the burner module. , the module provided with the flame guide is a flame guide module, and each flame guide module is additionally provided with a flame partition structure section, and the flame partition structure formed by the combination of each flame partition structure section connects the entire flue wall to each burner port Flame partitions, positioning structures are set between the upper and lower modules, matching concave-convex matching structures are set on the relative contact surfaces between the modules, and the flame guides are integrally formed with the modules. The flame guide module is designed with module through vertical slots, the number of which is determined according to the size of the module and the baking process of the anode baking furnace. The flue wall of the invention is convenient in construction, fast and efficient, strong in integrity, good in stability, long in service life, low in energy consumption, and has good comprehensive economic benefits.

Description

Open type anode roaster modular flue wall

technical field

The invention relates to an open anode roasting furnace in high-temperature kiln equipment, in particular to a flue wall structure of the open anode roasting furnace.

Background technique

The open anode roasting furnace is a high-temperature furnace used for roasting carbon anode products at home and abroad. This carbon anode product is used in the aluminum electrolytic cell of the electrolytic aluminum industry as the anode of the metal aluminum electrolytic cell. The flue wall is the key furnace body of the open anode roasting furnace. Its main structure includes two rows of flue walls arranged on both sides and a material box arranged between the two rows of flue walls. Each row of flue walls includes A plurality of flue walls arranged in sequence, each flue wall is made of refractory material, which includes an outer wall body, an inner wall body and a burner body arranged on the outer wall body and the inner wall body, and connected to the outer wall body. The flame partition structure and the flame guide body between the wall and the inner wall, the burner body is provided with at least two burners, and each burner corresponds to each flame partition separated by the flame partition structure, and each flame partition is connected to each other . The flame guide is a columnar structure connected between the outer wall and the inner wall. Generally speaking, the flame guide is perpendicular to the wall. A flame entering from the burner can be dispersed into several flames when passing through the structure. The function is to direct the flame entering from the burner to different directions up, down, left, and right, so as to facilitate the balanced distribution of heat energy in the flue wall. The performance of the flue wall directly affects the service life of the roaster.

Since the roasting furnace needs to repeatedly load and discharge carbon anode products during the working process, the temperature in the furnace changes greatly, which may easily cause the furnace body to crack and the furnace body to be easily deformed. According to data and practice, the following problems generally exist in open anode roasters in my country's electrolytic aluminum industry:

1. The material box of the furnace has a large temperature difference along the height and length direction.

2. The integrity of the furnace material box structure is poor; especially after the furnace has been in operation for about one year, it is prone to corner cracking, material box and fire channel penetration problems, which results in increased burning of the filling materials and at the same time leads to anode products Oxidation of the product can reduce the pass rate of the product or even scrap the product in severe cases.

3. The fire channel and material box are seriously deformed. The deformation of the furnace flue will directly affect the stability of the size of the material box. Severely deformed flue channels and material boxes with excessive size changes will not only increase the burning loss of filling materials, promote the oxidation of products, but also be very harmful to the operation of loading and unloading products, especially for highly mechanized furnaces, excessive deformation Will mean the end of the furnace life.

4. After the furnace has been running for a period of time, the furnace body cracks and leaks in different degrees.

5. The temperature at the top of the furnace flue is too high.

6. The heat dissipation and heat storage loss of the furnace are large.

Among the above problems, the poor integrity of the material box structure, the deformation of the fire channel and the material box, the cracking of the furnace body to varying degrees after the furnace has been running for a period of time, and air leakage have a great impact on the service life of the anode roasting furnace and the quality of the anode roasting.

The important reason for the above problems is that the overall structural design of the refractory material and the quality of the refractory material in the key parts of the anode roaster, such as the wall of the roaster furnace, failed to meet the requirements of the on-site use conditions, resulting in the deformation of the refractory material in the key parts exceeding the allowable limit.

At present, most domestic carbon anode roaster flue walls are built with ordinary high-alumina bricks. There are many problems with the flue wall built in this way, and the prominent problems are: (1) Because there are many brick joints between the small bricks, the integrity is poor, and the overall structural strength is not high under high temperature, and the flue wall is easy to crack during use (2) Taking a 36-chamber open-type anode roasting furnace as an example, it has more than 300 flue walls. If it is built with small bricks, the number of bricks needed is huge. The construction labor intensity is high, the efficiency is low, and the construction period is long. The overhaul construction time of each flue wall generally takes about 72 hours; (3) The heat energy distribution of the furnace is uneven, the heat energy utilization rate is low, and the overall cost is high.

In the published patent technical documents related to the open anode roaster, many useful explorations have been made on the flue wall, mainly in terms of material selection and local structural modification, which can solve the problem of a certain part of the flue wall or A certain aspect of the problem, such as solving the local stability of the flue wall, air permeability, and the thermal shock resistance of the wall material, but it is also necessary to solve the poor integrity of the material box structure, the deformation of the fire channel, the deformation of the material box, and the furnace running for a period of time Afterwards, there were different degrees of furnace body cracking, air leakage and other common problems that have plagued roaster users for a long time, and the effect was limited.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the disadvantages of poor integrity and inconvenient construction of the existing open anode roaster flue wall, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an open anode roaster modular flue wall that is easier to construct and has better integrity .

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: open type anode roasting furnace modular flue wall, the flue wall is made of refractory material, and it includes the outer wall, the inner wall and the outer wall, the inner wall The burner body above the body, and the flame guide body connected between the outer wall body and the inner wall body, the burner body is provided with at least two burner ports, and each burner port corresponds to each flame zone separated by the flame zone structure. The flame partitions are connected to each other, the said fire channel wall is formed by assembling modules, the burner body is composed of at least one preformed burner module, and the burner module is provided with a burner integrally formed with the burner module; the outer wall body, the inner wall The wall and the flame guide connected between the outer wall and the inner wall are composed of at least one preformed flame guide module, and a single flame guide module is composed of an outer plate, an inner plate and at least one flame guide connected between the outer plate and the inner plate It is composed of a flame guide body, the flame guide body and the flame guide module are integrally formed, the outer plates of each flame guide module are combined to form an outer wall, and the inner plates of each flame guide module are combined to form an inner wall.

The flame guide module is also provided with a flame zoning structure section, which is a baffle connected between the outer plate and the inner plate, and the flame zoning structural sections are combined to form a flame zoning structure, and the flame zoning structural section It is integrally formed with the flame guide module.

The burner module is integrally formed with at least one adjacent flame guide module.

On the outer side plate and the inner side plate of the flame guiding module, there are parallel and spaced module through vertical slots correspondingly arranged.

The width of the vertical seam through which the module penetrates is 2-4mm, and the height is 90-100mm.

The flame guide modules are arranged in layers, and the upper and lower adjacent flame guide modules are provided with positioning structures that cooperate with each other and are integrally formed with the modules.

Matching concave-convex matching structures are provided on the opposite contact surfaces between the adjacent modules.

The adjacent modules are bonded with refractory cement.

The modules are all cast with refractory materials and then fired at high temperature.

The fire path wall is composed of 2-60 modules.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the integrity of the flue wall is strong, the stability is good, and the chances of the flue wall and material box shifting, sinking, cracking, and deformation are small during use; corrosion resistance and long service life; disassembly and assembly It is convenient and fast, and the dismantling and installation of the entire flue wall can be completed within 12 to 13 hours; the energy consumption is low, the energy saving effect is relatively prominent, and it has good comprehensive economic benefits.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a top view of module 1 in Figure 1

Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the top view of module two in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the front view of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of part K in Fig. 4, that is, the vertical seam through which the module passes;

Fig. 7 is a top view of module three in Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 is the front view of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a top view of module four in Fig. 1;

Fig. 10 is the front view of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is the top view of module five in Fig. 1;

Fig. 12 is the front view of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a top view of module six in Fig. 1;

Fig. 14 is the front view of Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is a top view of module seven in Fig. 1;

Fig. 16 is the front view of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a cooperative cross-sectional view of two adjacent modules up and down;

Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of the joints between the two wide surfaces and the flame guide in the same module in the present invention;

Fig. 19 is a cooperative sectional view of two adjacent modules on the left and right.

Fig. 20 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flue wall.

Fig. 21 is a B-B sectional view of Fig. 20 .

Marked in the figure, 1-module one, 2-module two, 3-module three, 4-module four, 5-module five, 6-module six, 7-module seven, 8-flame guide area line, 9-module Through the vertical joint, 10-flame partition structure, 11-flame guide body, 12-flame partition structure section, 13-refractory mortar, 14-refractory material, 15-positioning structure, 16-burner, 17-flame partition, 18-outside Plate, 19-inner board, 20-baffle plate, 21-outer wall body, 22-inner wall body, 23-crater body.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Figures 1 to 21, the open-type anode roaster modular flue wall of the present invention is made of refractory materials, and it includes an outer wall 21, an inner wall 22 and is connected to the outer wall 21, the inner wall 22 The burner body 23 above, and the flame guide body 11 connected between the outer wall body 21 and the inner wall body 22, the burner body 23 is provided with at least two burner ports 16, and each burner port 16 is separated from the flame zone structure 10. Each flame zone 17 corresponds to each other, and each flame zone 17 is connected to each other. The fire channel wall is formed by assembling modules, and the burner body 23 is composed of at least one preformed burner module. The burner 16 on the burner module is integrally formed with the burner module. The outer wall body 21, the inner wall body 22 and the flame guide body 11 connected between the outer wall body 21 and the inner wall body 22 are made up of at least one preformed flame guide module, and a single flame guide module is composed of an outer plate 18, The inner plate 19 is composed of at least one flame guide 11 connected between the outer plate 18 and the inner plate 19. The flame guide 11 is integrally formed with the flame guide module, and the flame guide 11 is connected to the outer plate 18 and the inner plate 19. In between, it is equivalent to a number of tie rods arranged between the two, which can also objectively enhance the overall strength of the module and prevent the module from deforming and cracking. According to different requirements for flame guiding in different parts, the flame guiding body 11 can adopt columnar structures with different cross-sectional shapes, and its cross-sectional shape can be rectangular, racetrack, etc. The outer panels 18 of each flame guide module are combined to form an outer wall 21 , and the inner panels 19 of each module are combined to form an inner wall 22 . Since the burner module and the flame guide module are all preformed, the strength is high, and the integrity of the wall is improved. The flame guide body 11 and the flame guide module are integrally formed, which overcomes the difficulty of building the flame guide body in the existing wall. The lack of inconvenient construction not only improves the construction efficiency, but also improves the service life of the flue wall, and is also conducive to improving the product quality of the open anode roaster. In addition, if a certain module is damaged during use and cannot be used any longer, the damaged module can be replaced more conveniently and hassle-free, which has less impact on the operation of the roaster.

As shown in Figures 1 and 4 to 21, in order to further facilitate construction, the flame guide module is also provided with a flame partition structure section 12, and the flame partition structure section 12 is connected between the outer plate 18 and the inner plate 19. The baffle plate 20 between them and the flame partition structure 12 are combined to form the flame partition structure 10, and the flame partition structure 12 is integrally formed with the flame guide module. After the assembly and connection of each module is completed, the flame partition structure 10 is also formed, which is convenient for construction. The flame partition structure section 12 is integrally formed with the flame guide module. The strength wall of the flame partition structure 10 is equivalent to the outer wall 21 Some tensioning structures are arranged between the inner wall body 22, which can enhance the overall strength of the flue wall, prevent its deformation and cracking, improve the integrity of the flue wall, improve the overall strength of the flue wall, and make the flue wall more stable. It is not easy to deform and crack, which is conducive to improving the product quality of the open anode baking furnace.

If no flame guide structure is provided inside the module, the module becomes a hollow cavity. In contrast, the present invention sets guide structures such as the flame guide body 11 and the flame partition structure section 12 inside the module, so that the walls on the periphery of the module cavity are mutually supported, and the overall strength of the whole module is higher than that of the flame guide structure without the flame guide structure. The hollow cavity module is taller and has better integrity. At the same time, the flame entering the flue wall can reach every part inside the flue wall. The temperature of each part in the material box is balanced, the heat energy is fully utilized, and energy saving is efficient. It also further facilitates the construction work of the whole flue wall.

In order to further improve the integrity of the flue wall, the burner module can also be integrally formed with at least one adjacent flame guide module.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 6, on the outer plate 18 and the inner plate 19 of the flame guide module, there are correspondingly arranged parallel and spaced module through vertical slits 9, and the module through vertical slits 9 are also produced The flame guide module is integrally preformed, which corresponds to a plurality of strip-shaped through-hole structures opened on the outer plate 18 and inner plate 19. This structure is evenly arranged and vertically arranged, that is, after assembly The system is set parallel to the direction of flame entry, which can further ensure the uniformity of heat distribution in the wall of the flue channel and the stability of product quality. In addition, the through-hole structure can make the impurities and exhaust gas removed by the anode carbon block during the roasting process flow in the flue path. On the one hand, it promotes the combustion in the fire channel, and on the other hand, it promotes the impurity removal and purification of the anode carbon block, which is conducive to improving the quality of carbon products.

In order to achieve a more stable above-mentioned effect, the width of the module through vertical seam 9 is 2 to 4 mm, and the height is 90 to 100 mm, that is, the module through vertical seam 9 is designed as a narrow strip shape, which can prevent the flame from passing through the module through the vertical seam 9 And directly contact the product in the roasting furnace, cause product quality defect, avoided the situation that the filler in the material box runs through the vertical seam 9 of described module and hinders the situation of above-mentioned effect as far as possible simultaneously again.

The quantity of the module through vertical slits 9 of a single flame guide module, that is, the density of the arrangement of the modules through the vertical slits 9, can be determined according to the size of the manufactured modules and the process conditions of each anode roasting furnace, such as the distribution of the vertical slits of the designed flue wall Status, energy consumption status, etc. to determine. Under normal conditions, the number of module through vertical slits 9 on each flame guide module is 30-590.

Since the length and height of the outer wall 21 and inner wall 22 of the flue wall are generally 5m to 6m, and the width is about 550mm, in order to facilitate the production, transportation, installation and disassembly of a single module, and to ensure the pouring quality, generally The flue wall is divided into layers arranged up and down. The flame guide modules are arranged in layers. According to the needs, each layer can be composed of more than two modules respectively. For the convenience of installation and positioning, they belong to Adjacent flame guide modules on the upper and lower layers are provided with positioning structures 15 that cooperate with each other and are integrally formed with the modules. As shown in FIG. 1 , the positioning structure may adopt a simple boss and groove structure. Like this, after the module installation of bottom layer is finished, be very convenient to put in place other modules of its upper floor according to positioning structure 15, such layer by layer laying bricks or stones, construction is quick and easy.

Generally, considering the needs of roasting furnace users and the overall performance of the roasting furnace, the wall can be composed of 2 to 60 modules, the mold design of a single module will not be too complicated, and at the same time, the number of modules is not too large , It is convenient for construction, and the installation of a flue wall can be completed within 12 to 13 hours.

As shown in Figure 17 and Figure 19, in order to improve the stability of the flue wall and prevent the flame from leaking from the contact and fit of the modules, between the left and right or up and down adjacent flame guide modules, between the burner modules or between the burner modules and the guide Compatible concave-convex matching structures are provided on the opposite contact surfaces between the flame modules.

In addition to the above-mentioned concave-convex structure design on the contact parts of the upper, lower or left and right adjacent modules, as shown in Figure 1, in order to improve the integrity of the flue wall, a better means is that the adjacent flame guide Between the modules, between the burner modules or between the burner modules and the flame guide modules, the refractory cement 13 is used for bonding.

In order to improve the integrity of the modules and improve the construction efficiency, the two modules such as the burner module and the flame guide module are all poured with refractory materials and then fired at high temperature.

Example:

As shown in Figures 1 to 13, the content of the present invention will be further described by taking a flue wall consisting of 12 modules as an example.

The body of wall of the flue wall shown in Fig. 1 is made up of 12 modules, is divided into five layers from top to bottom, and the first floor is the burner body 23 that is made up of two modules one 1, is provided with burner 16 on the module one 1, It is a crater module; the second to fifth floors are an outer wall 21, an inner wall 22, and a flame guide 11 and a flame partition structure 10 between the two built by ten flame guide modules. Two modules 2 and 3 between them are composed, the third layer is composed of two modules 4 4, the fourth layer is composed of two modules 5 5 and the module 6 6 between them, and the fifth layer is composed of two modules The block consists of seven modules.

The wall body of the flue wall shown in Figure 1 can also be simply divided into two parts for integral formation, for example, the above-mentioned upper three-layer modules are integrally formed to form the upper module, and the above-mentioned lower two-layer modules are integrally formed to form the lower module. That is, the burner module can be integrally formed with at least one flame guide module, such as the above-mentioned upper module. The burner module and the flame guide module are collectively referred to as modules.

As shown in Fig. 17 and Fig. 19, each module is provided with a concave-convex matching structure adapted to adjacent modules.

The flue wall shown in Fig. 1 has four craters 16, correspondingly provided with roughly equal four flame zones 17, each flame guide module is provided with a flame guide 11, a flame zone structure section 12 and a plurality of modules arranged in parallel and at intervals Through the vertical seam 9, after the modules are bonded with refractory cement 13, the flame partition structure 10 of four flame partitions 17 is formed accordingly, and each flame partition 17 is divided into two rows that are basically distributed along the flame guide area line 8. The flame guide body 11 is roughly divided into three small flame guide areas. There are 12 flame guide areas in total. , The interior of the flue wall is divided into 12 small heat transfer areas, which enhances the balanced distribution of heat energy in the flue wall and is conducive to the balanced heat transfer from the flue wall to the material box.

Each module is preferably prefabricated with silicon nitride composite high-performance castables with good thermal shock resistance, high load softening temperature, corrosion resistance to sulfide and fluoride, high temperature strength, and good thermal conductivity. At the same time, the flame guide body 11 and the flame partition structure section 12 which are part of the module are also formed together.

The advantages of this kind of flue wall are: modular design, fast and convenient construction, no need to stop the furnace for repair of partial flue wall, good integrity of modules and flue wall, not easy to deform and crack, easy to use The service life is long, generally more than 5 years; the entire flue wall has good integrity, stability, and safety; the internal structure has functional partitions that meet the technical conditions of thermal energy distribution and air permeability of roasted carbon anode products , the flue wall can conduct heat evenly, and all parts of the carbon product are heated evenly, and generally there will be no under-burning and over-burning phenomena, which is also conducive to improving the product quality of the roaster.

Claims (10)

1. Open type anode baking furnace modular flue wall, the flue wall is made of refractory material, which includes the outer wall (21), the inner wall (22) and the outer wall (21), the inner wall ( 22) above the burner body (23), and the flame guide body (11) connected between the outer wall body (21) and the inner wall body (22), the burner body (23) is provided with at least two burner ports (16 ), each burner (16) is corresponding to each flame zone (17) separated by the flame zone structure (10), and each flame zone (17) is connected to each other, and it is characterized in that: the described fire channel wall is assembled by the module Formed, the burner body (23) is made up of at least one preformed burner module, and the burner module is provided with the burner (16) integrally formed with the burner module, and the outer wall body (21), the inner wall body (22) and the connection The flame guide (11) between the outer wall body (21) and the inner wall body (22) is made up of at least one preformed flame guide module, and a single flame guide module consists of an outer plate (18), an inner plate (19) and It consists of at least one flame guide (11) connected between the outer plate (18) and the inner plate (19), the flame guide (11) is integrally formed with the flame guide module, and the outer plate (18) of each flame guide module ) are combined to form an outer wall (21), and the inner plates (19) of each flame guide module are combined to form an inner wall (22). 2. The open-type anode roasting furnace modular flue wall as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the flame guide module is also provided with a flame partition structure section (12), and the flame partition structure section (12) is connected In the baffle plate (20) between the outer plate (18) and the inner plate (19), each flame zone structure section (12) is combined to form a flame zone structure (10), and the flame zone structure section (12) and the flame zone structure section (12) are combined. The flame guide module is integrally formed. 3. The open-type anode roaster modular flue wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: said burner module is integrally formed with at least one adjacent flame guide module. 4. The open-type anode roaster modular flue wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the outer plate (18) and the inner plate (19) of the flame guide module are correspondingly provided with parallel intervals The arranged modules pass through the vertical seam (9). 5. The modular flue wall of an open anode roasting furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: the width of the vertical joint (9) through which the modules pass through is 2-4 mm, and the height is 90-100 mm. 6. The modular flue wall of an open anode roaster according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the flame guide modules are arranged in layers, and the upper and lower adjacent flame guide modules are provided with mutually matching and A positioning structure (15) integrally formed with the module. 7. The modular flue wall of an open anode roaster according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: matching concave-convex matching structures are provided on the opposite contact surfaces between the adjacent modules. 8. The open-type anode roaster modular flue wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: said adjacent modules are bonded with refractory cement (13). 9. The modular flue wall of an open anode roasting furnace as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: said modules are all integrally poured with refractory materials and then fired at high temperature. 10. The open-type anode roaster modular flue wall according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the flue wall is composed of 2-60 modules.

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