CN1016847B - Constant current type electric stimulator without output transformer - Google Patents
Constant current type electric stimulator without output transformerInfo
- Publication number
- CN1016847B CN1016847B CN 87107437 CN87107437A CN1016847B CN 1016847 B CN1016847 B CN 1016847B CN 87107437 CN87107437 CN 87107437 CN 87107437 A CN87107437 A CN 87107437A CN 1016847 B CN1016847 B CN 1016847B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- circuit
- output
- current
- electrostimulator
- further characterized
- Prior art date
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- Expired
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- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000554 physical therapy Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001827 electrotherapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010002091 Anaesthesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010010774 Constipation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010051244 Dyschezia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037005 anaesthesia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a medical electrical stimulator which is characterized by comprising a high-impedance output circuit, a control waveform generating circuit and a booster circuit. The high impedance output circuit outputs the human body with a certain frequency and waveform under the control of the control waveform generating circuit. The boost circuit provides a sufficiently high voltage to generate a constant current flowing through the human body: a high impedance output circuit formed by a common emitter or common base circuit is connected with the booster circuit to provide a sufficiently high output voltage. The control waveform generating circuit is connected with the high-impedance output circuit to control the frequency and waveform of the output pulse current.
Description
The present invention relates to therapeutic medical electrostimulator.What specifically, relate to is a kind of output transformerless electro-medical stimulator.What more particularly, relate to is pocket electro-therapeutic apparatus of a kind of OTL (out-put-transformer-less) constant-current type or acusector fiber crops device.
Electrostimulators such as electro-therapeutic apparatus commonly used, acupuncture anesthetic apparatus generally all have a low-frequency transformer that is built up by stalloy, or it is as the directly output through boosting after of gap oscillation transformer, or export as the output transformer back of boosting.For example, G6805 type therapeutic instrument (Shanghai Q/WS
2-747-80) promptly adopt such output transformer.In the prior art, can also enumerate some electrostimulators, as BT701 electrical stunning device (Shanghai Q/yyx-1109-82); DZ12 acupuncture anesthetic apparatus (Shanghai Q/WS
2-748-80); DZ22 multipurpose electroacupuncture apparatus (Shanghai Q/WS
2-750-80) or the like, generally all be the purpose that reaches treatment or anesthesia by required voltage of winding output that boosts of transformator.Thus, bring following some shortcomings part easily.
At first, the boost number of turns of winding of transformator is more, and insulation is also had higher requirement, thereby the volume that will dwindle this transformator difficulty relatively just.Like this, the miniaturization of electrostimulator, particularly slim pocketization dyschezia is to accomplish.And the speed of production of transformator is slow, and cost is also corresponding sees height.
Secondly,, often adopt higher supply voltage, for example adopt the higher Voltaic battery of price in order to reduce the transformation ratio of transformator.Because the circuit of most products still consumes bigger electric energy when zero load, so shorten the service life of battery, the efficient of electrostimulator is also low.
Moreover in adopting battery powered product circuit, when cell voltage reduced, the voltage amplitude of output can obviously be affected, thereby the voltage amplitude of output and the intensity of electric stimulus instability of generation.
In clinical practice, existing most products all are to be its important technological parameters with output voltage amplitude and voltage waveform.But the impedance of human body is one and is difficult to strictly determined value.In carrying out the electricity irritation medical procedure, the electric current that actual flow is crossed human body changes because of different people, different position, different position and the different situations of electrode pair human body contact.When the voltage amplitude of exporting was constant, the current intensity that flows through human body still can change because of human body impedance changes.The current intensity that flows through human body has determined the intensity of electric stimulus to human body, above-mentioned safe and convenient can the causing human body intensity of electric stimulus instability of current intensity.
The inventor has drawn more such conclusions based on above-mentioned understanding and analysis to prior art, that is, the output of electricity irritation should be technical basis with the current waveform by human body.In other words, electrostimulator should be a kind ofly can produce constant-current source device current waveform, that be not subjected to the human body impedance variable effect to human body.But, just known to the inventor, still can not find such constant-current type electrostimulator at present in the prior art.
One of purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of constant-current type electrical stimulation device, the output that its produces electricity irritation is to be technical basis with the stable current waveform by human body, thereby the Constant Electric Current that human body is produced one or more current waveforms stimulates, to overcome the unstability that causes intensity of electric stimulus in the above-mentioned prior art by voltage amplitude and voltage waveform output, improve clinical therapeutic efficacy.
Another object of the present invention is on the stable basis of above-mentioned output intensity of electric stimulus, dwindle the volume and weight of whole device greatly, realize slim pocketization of electrostimulator, with to using and carrying and all bring great convenience, meanwhile, the cost of whole device also is reduced to a great extent.Speed of production improves greatly.
It is to reduce Overall Power Consumption that the present invention has a purpose again, improves the utilizability of power-supply battery and prolongs its service life.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention and other some purposes, feature and advantage will see more fully from detailed description hereinafter, clearer.
The objective of the invention is to comprise what an electrical stimulation device with high impedance OTL (out-put-transformer-less) constant current output circuit, a booster circuit and an output control waveform generation circuit of good output characteristics reached by providing.
Hereinafter in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the embodiment to electrical stimulation device of the present invention is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the functional-block diagram of electrical stimulation device of the present invention, and wherein (1) represents the high impedance output circuit, (2) expression output waveform generation circuit; (3) expression booster circuit; (4) expression output current regulating circuit; (5) expression output indicating circuit.The tie of dotted line is represented also can connect and can not connected.
Fig. 2 is ultimate principle figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the machine line figure of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Fig. 4 is the layout of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Fig. 5 is the layout of the embodiment of the invention 3.
Fig. 6 is the layout of the embodiment of the invention 4.
Fig. 7 is the layout of the embodiment of the invention 5.
Fig. 8 is the layout of the embodiment of the invention 6.
Fig. 9 is the layout of the embodiment of the invention 7.
Come the present invention is illustrated referring now to accompanying drawing 1. Electrical stimulation device of the present invention is the high impedance transformerless output circuit (1) that comprises by it, under the control of output control waveform circuit for generating (2), with certain frequency and waveform, about about 2 hertz to the 150 hertz square wave of clinical requirement for example, a sufficiently high voltage that is provided by voltage booster (3) is provided human body, for example about about 20 volts to 70 volts, even more preferably about about 50～60 volts voltage flows through the constant current pulses of human body and stable intensity of electric stimulus thereby produce one. This constant electric current output does not change with human body impedance, wants big three orders of magnitude because the above-mentioned output circuit of the present invention (1) has output impedance with respect to human body impedance, and human body impedance changes almost can ignore. Therefore, electrical stimulation device of the present invention or egersimeter are constant-current types. About about 0～45 milliampere scope be set or be adjusted in to the maximum of its electric current can according to clinical experience. Be the transformerless output circuit owing to high impedance output circuit provided by the invention (1) again, thereby make the volume and weight of whole device, particularly thickness dwindles greatly, and manufacturing cost reduces, and slim pocketization of egersimeter of the present invention is achieved. On the other hand, again because the no-load current of transformerless output circuit of the present invention (1) and booster circuit (3) etc. is very little, thereby improve the efficient of complete machine and the utilization rate of power-supply battery, prolonged the service life of battery. According to another technical characterictic of the present invention, booster circuit provided by the invention (3) is in low-tension supply, for example 3 volts of power supplys are under power supply, can produce sufficiently high voltage, for example about 20 volts to 70 volts, more preferably about 50～60 volts, again because output circuit (1) has sizable output impedance, just can keep substantially constant constant so human body output is flow through the current strength of human body, in the scope about ten Percent of for example fluctuating, because the variation of human body impedance is concerning this sizable output impedance, its impact can be ignored. Like this, electrical stimulation device of the present invention has just overcome unstable this factor of intensity of electric stimulus, has improved clinical therapeutic efficacy.
According to an alternative feature of the present invention, the present invention can also regulate the size of required output current by a kind of output current regulating circuit (4) is provided selectively, thereby is adjusted to the intensity of electric stimulus that reaches different treatment effects. On the other hand, more advantageously, when cell voltage is reduced to 2 * 1.1 volts of left and right sides from 2 * 1.6 volts, adjusting by current regulating circuit (4), can make maximum output current can both remain on the scope that clinical requirement sets, for example 0～45 milliampere, more desirable is about 30～40 milliamperes. So just reached and improved the utilization rate of battery and the purpose that increases the service life. Certainly, if needn't consider the such factor of economy of battery life and it, device of the present invention also can omit or not adopt current regulating circuit (4) and make circuitry very simple. In addition, current regulating circuit (4) also can be the translation circuit of various waveforms, makes like this egersimeter of the present invention can export the electric current of various waveforms, in order to be fit to the various needs such as the clinical and scientific research of medical treatment.
The above-mentioned booster circuit (3) that the present invention comprises can be designed to very simple blocking oscillator, its intermittently the number of turn of oscillation transformer needn't much just can obtain to exceed 3 volts of nearly 20 times voltages of voltage of power supply. If adopt other inverter circuit, also can reach same function, Just its step-up transformer number of turn increases, and volume will increase. Adopt on the other hand intermittent oscillation circuit because of its power limited, when output circuit for a certain reason just in case break down, during such as faults such as short circuits, the voltage of lifting will descend because load increases, and can not make curer be subjected to the danger of excessive electro photoluminescence.
The output control waveform circuit for generating (2) that the present invention comprises, can obtain Waveform Control to required output current with various oscillators, for example: triangular wave, square wave, aciculiform ripple, ascending wave or fluctuating ripple etc., as long as the input with output transistor in the waveform de-energisation output circuit (1) that generates just can obtain corresponding current waveform at output. For example, for asking for simplicity, adopt multivibrator to produce a kind of square wave commonly used, pulse width is set at about 425 μ s, and frequency range is at 5～100 times/second, and this enough reaches the effect of electrotherapy clinically. Again for example, the time base circuit with the ICM7556 integrated package can consist of all adjustable wave generator circuits (2) of pulse frequency and pulsewidth, and its frequency range is at 2～1000 hertz, and pulsewidth all can be regulated in 50 μ s～500 μ s scopes.
With reference to accompanying drawing 2, the basic principle of egersimeter of the present invention is further specified. Because transistor technology can make transistor under the common emitter state, the output impedance of colelctor electrode is done quite greatly. As long as supply voltage is enough big, under the constant condition of base current, when electrode position or human body impedance changed to some extent, the electric current that flows through human body remained that substantially constant is constant, Here it is so-called constant-current source. Regulate the electric current that injects transistor (T) base stage and just can change the size of current that flows through human body; Adopt the different wave current offset, can make human body obtain the electro photoluminescence of different current waveforms; If this current offset is controlled with the waveform of certain frequency again, for example control with the square wave of certain frequency, then the electro photoluminescence of output will be that the stable current impulse with the certain waveform of certain frequency stimulates. Contrast Fig. 1, transistor (T) just is equivalent to high impedance output circuit (1); Power supply (E) is equivalent to booster circuit (3); The base bias of transistor (T) is then provided by output waveform generator (2), like this, has just formed the complete machine basic circuit of electrical stimulation device of the present invention.
According to above-mentioned analysis to basic principle of the present invention and block diagram, electrical stimulation device of the present invention can reach the purpose that reduced volume, weight reduction, reduction power consumption and stable output performance improve clinical therapeutic efficacy fully. With the electro medical apparatus of general clinical requirement, the width of its output pulse is about 50-500 μ s scope; Frequency is about the 0.5-150 hertz, and the current strength when doing electrotherapy is no more than about 45 milliamperes. Therefore because egersimeter-electro medical apparatus of the present invention without output transformer, can make its weight and volume, particularly thickness, dwindles greatly. According to existing technical conditions, egersimeter of the present invention can be done almost big or smallly with lighter. Again low in energy consumption because of it, so can adopt No. 8 batteries or button cell power supply. Examine filter to economy and the service life of adopting battery, an embodiment of egersimeter of the present invention adopts No. 5 batteries of two joints, and then when supply voltage was down to 1.1 volts from 1.6 volts of new battery, the present invention still can keep good working order. The no-load current of electro photoluminescence of the present invention can accomplish that less than 5 milliamperes I is accomplished 0.5 milliampere of order of magnitude, so the service life of battery is longer.
Now the invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments.
Figure 3 shows that an embodiment of electrostimulator circuitry of the present invention.Represent with high impedance constant current output circuit (1), output waveform generation circuit (2), booster circuit (3) and output current regulating circuit (4) and output indicating circuit (5) respectively among the figure.
Booster circuit (3) comprises a blocking oscillator, and it is work like this; Because the impedance of human body is considered various factors generally just often less than 1K Ω, supposes that load is about 1-2K Ω, then will reach the maximal stimulus electric current, more preferably is set at 35mA, supply voltage E should reach about 60 volts.Present embodiment more preferably is set at 54 volts.As shown in Figure 3, after start, the stabilivolt D of polyphone
1D
2(2 * 27V) end, Q
1At R
2Biasing is saturation conduction down, so by R
1C
2Q
2T
1The blocking oscillator that forms is started working, and selects R
1C
2And T
1Make frequency of oscillation reach certain value etc. parameter, for example the about 8000 hertz frequency of oscillation of the parameter generating of present embodiment in Fig. 3.In oscillatory process, whenever Q
2By be conducting to suddenly by the time, its colelctor electrode can produce a positive pulse that is higher than tens times of supply voltages.This pulse is through D
3To C
3Charging.Work as C
3The voltage liter at two ends, when reaching 54 volts of left and right sides, D
1D
2Reverse-conducting and make Q
1Instead end Q partially
2Because of there not being the biasing failure of oscillation; Work as C
3When the voltage at two ends has reduction slightly, D
1D
2End Q again
1Conducting, Q
2Work makes C
3Both end voltage rises again again.Therefore, at C
3Under 54 volts of the voltage maintenances at two ends and don't the situation of output, circuit (3) has only the current drain of hundreds of microampere.Work as C
3Two ends output discharge is many, i.e. load has weighed, and intermittent oscillation is just carried out continuously; Load is light, just proceeds; Non-loaded just vibration hardly.So just greatly reduce power consumption, improved the service life of battery.T in the circuit (3)
1Be with the I-shaped magnetic core coiling of φ 7 * 3.5mm, so volume is quite little.C
3Withstand voltage about about 100 volts, so volume is also little.To used D
1And D
2Parameter adjusted, just can obtain the value of different booster tensions, for example reach the such scope of 20-70 volt, can decide as required.
Output circuit regulating circuit (4) is like this work: the interior maximum output current of scope can both remain on the optimum range of clinical practice from 2 * 1.6 volts to 2 * 1.1 volts in order to guarantee power-supply battery.For example about 30 to 35 milliamperes, present embodiment adopts the forward characteristic of LED to make voltage stabilizing usefulness, D among Fig. 3
6It is exactly the light emitting diode of not only having done the power supply indication but also having made the usefulness of voltage stabilizing.D
6The about 1.8-1.9 of forward voltage drop volt about.This circuit comprises R
8-R
11, C
6, D
6, Q
6And W
2Regulate W
2It is the scalable output current.Work as W
2Travelling arm transfers to LED(D
6) during positive terminal, the output current maximum; Otherwise it is minimum.C
6Usefulness for high frequency bypass.This circuit also can replace the circuit of convertible various waveforms, thereby can make electrostimulator of the present invention export the electrical stimulation current of various waveforms.This circuit can also combine with microcomputer technology, to make the electrical stimulation device that can set current waveform arbitrarily.
The output waveform generation circuit (2) of present embodiment is a kind of multivibrator, comprises Q
3, Q
4, C
4, C
5, R
3-R
7, W
1And D
4, W wherein
1Regulate for frequency of oscillation, work as W
1When increasing the adjusting of resistance direction, frequency of oscillation reduces; Otherwise frequency raises.According to clinical experience, this surge frequency range of present embodiment is about about 5～100 hertz, and pulse width is about 425 μ s.D in this circuit
4, R
6Be to establish for the waveform characteristic of improving the output pulse.
The OTL (out-put-transformer-less) output circuit (1) of present embodiment comprises R
12, R
13, Q
6, Q
7, Q
8Emitter stage, K
2J, and D
6Q in multivibrator (2)
4Current collection is timing very, Q
6Saturation conduction, Q
7End, no current output is through human body; When Q current collection very during low level, Q
5Collector current injects Q
7Base stage makes Q
7Corresponding collector current is arranged, in other words, C
3On 54 volts of voltages through human body again through Q
7, Q
8The emitter stage discharge.Because selected transistor Q
7Formation has the transless constant current output circuit of good high impedance output characteristics, (Q
7Be equivalent to the T among Fig. 2), thus a stable electric current output just can be obtained, promptly obtain stable intensity of electric stimulus.Can also see in addition, above-mentioned wave generator circuit (2) to output circuit (1) play a part a kind of " Waveform Control " or " be similar to " switch ".So adopt the circuit of any generation similar effect, can reach same function.
Present embodiment provides an output indicating circuit (5(can select for use arbitrarily), and it comprises Q
8, R
14, R
15, C
7And D
7When the pulse current of exporting flows through Q
8During emitter stage, electric current is just through R
14To C
7Charging, and through R
15Make luminous tube D
7(LED) ignite; After pulse, fill at C
7On voltage through R
14R
15Continuation is to D
7Discharge, thus the ON time of LED prolonged, so that observe.By to D in the output circuit
6And R
13Adjusting, can regulate D
7The sensitivity that ignites.If omit this output indicating circuit (5), as long as readjust maximum output circuit, this can be by for example regulating R
10Reach, can not produce any harmful effect the complete machine performance.
The pocket electro-therapeutic apparatus made from the present embodiment circuitry can reach some for example following performances:
Output: unidirectional rectangular pulse electric current, positive and negative convertible;
Frequency 5-100Hz;
Claims (9)
1, a kind of medical electrostimulator, comprise a kind of multi-harmonic-oscillations rectangle generation circuit, it is characterized in that comprising a high impedance output circuit [1], an one control waveform generation circuit [2] and a booster circuit [3], described high impedance output circuit [1] is exported the sufficiently high voltage that is provided by described booster circuit [3] and the constant current that flows through human body that produces to human body with certain frequency and waveform under the control of described control waveform generator [2]; Its position is connected to by described booster circuit [3] and is connected with the described high impedance output circuit [1] that common emitter or common-base circuit constitute, so that sufficiently high output voltage to be provided, and be connected with high impedance output circuit [1] by described control waveform generation circuit [2], with the frequency and the waveform of control output pulse current.
2, electrostimulator as claimed in claim 1, it is further characterized in that described output circuit (1) adopts output transformerless circuit, has the constant current output characteristics.
3, electrostimulator as claimed in claim 2, it is further characterized in that described control waveform generation circuit (2) can adopt various agitators to obtain to control the various waveforms of required output current wave, comprises its frequency and pulse width.
4, electrostimulator as claimed in claim 2, it is further characterized in that, described booster circuit (3) can adopt any inversion pierce circuit that low supply voltage is risen to be enough to the high voltage of the pulse current that produces intensity of electric stimulus.
5, electrostimulator as claimed in claim 4, it is further characterized in that, the inverter circuit that described booster circuit (3) adopts is a kind of blocking oscillator, and it utilizes included stabilivolt conducting and the effect that ends and stopping and starting oscillation, thus keep promote high-tension constant.
6, electrostimulator as claimed in claim 4, it is further characterized in that, described booster circuit (3) adopts the integrated package time base circuit to form multivibrator, utilizes the stabilivolt conducting and the effect that ends and stopping and starting oscillation, thus keep promote high-tension constant.
7, electrostimulator as claimed in claim 1, it is further characterized in that, described electrostimulator also comprises an output current regulating circuit (4), with the current waveform of further adjusting output and remain on power-supply battery voltage when reducing maximum output current still can be adjusted in optimum range.
8, electrostimulator as claimed in claim 1, it is further characterized in that described electrostimulator also comprises an output indicating circuit (5), shows that with luminous tube patient is subjected to the intensity of physical therapy.
9, as claim 7 or 8 described electrostimulators, it is further characterized in that, also comprises an output indicating circuit (5), shows that with luminous tube patient is subjected to the intensity of physical therapy.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87107437 CN1016847B (en) | 1987-12-09 | 1987-12-09 | Constant current type electric stimulator without output transformer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87107437 CN1016847B (en) | 1987-12-09 | 1987-12-09 | Constant current type electric stimulator without output transformer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1033443A CN1033443A (en) | 1989-06-21 |
| CN1016847B true CN1016847B (en) | 1992-06-03 |
Family
ID=4816077
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 87107437 Expired CN1016847B (en) | 1987-12-09 | 1987-12-09 | Constant current type electric stimulator without output transformer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1016847B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1114922C (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 2003-07-16 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Information recorder, recording method, and recording media |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013000121A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Functional electrical stimulation system |
| CN104825164A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2015-08-12 | 杨旭明 | Electrical stimulation method for observing rat craniotomy motor cortex with adjustable waveform and amplitude |
| CN106178253A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-12-07 | 浙江中医药大学 | A kind of electric acupoint stimulation method and device based on dilatational wave |
| CN119126898B (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2025-09-23 | 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 | Voltage regulation method and electrical stimulation device |
-
1987
- 1987-12-09 CN CN 87107437 patent/CN1016847B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1114922C (en) * | 1998-02-03 | 2003-07-16 | 三洋电机株式会社 | Information recorder, recording method, and recording media |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1033443A (en) | 1989-06-21 |
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