CN101484785B - Magnetic element temperature sensors - Google Patents
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- CN101484785B CN101484785B CN2007800247233A CN200780024723A CN101484785B CN 101484785 B CN101484785 B CN 101484785B CN 2007800247233 A CN2007800247233 A CN 2007800247233A CN 200780024723 A CN200780024723 A CN 200780024723A CN 101484785 B CN101484785 B CN 101484785B
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Abstract
Small, low-cost wireless temperature sensors ( 26,64,96 ) are provided for sensing the temperature of an object ( 44 ). The temperature sensors ( 26,64,96 ) preferably include a plurality of individual, magnetically susceptible temperature sensor elements ( 28 - 34,66,92 ), as well as optional magnetic field-responsive data elements ( 38,40,20 ) adapted for attachment to object ( 44 ) or to a substrate ( 82 ) in turn attached to object ( 44 ). The temperature sensor elements ( 28 - 34,66,92 ) preferably have magnetic bodies ( 22,70 ) exhibiting a re-magnetization response under the influence of an applied alternating magnetic field, which is different below and above a set point temperature, normally the Curie temperature of the magnetic body ( 22 ) or an adjacent sheath ( 74,94 ). The temperature sensors ( 26,64,96 ) are used in conjunction with a detector ( 46 ) operable to generate a magnetic field of magnitude sufficient to cause re-magnetization responses of the temperature sensor elements ( 28 - 34,66,92 ) and optional data elements ( 38,40,20 ), to detect such responses, and to use the detected responses to determine the temperature of object ( 44 ) by means of a decoding algorithm. The temperature sensors ( 26,64,96 ) can be used in closed-loop heating systems ( 98 ) capable of controlling the heating of an object ( 114 ).
Description
The cross reference of relevant application
The application requires the rights and interests of following application: the application 60/818,385 of the application submission of submitting on August 9th, 2006 July 5 in 60/836,448,2006; The application 60/798,591 that on May 9th, 2006 submitted to; And the application 11/619,066 of submission on January 2nd, 2007.Above-mentioned application is all quoted at this as a reference.
Technical field
The present invention broadly relates to magnetic element temperature sensors, use the detecting device of this sensor, utilize this sensor and detecting device wirelessly to determine object temperature and control the closed loop heating system and the corresponding method of object temperature.More particularly, the present invention relates to the temperature sensor that the sensor element by at least one easy magnetization constitutes, preferably, this sensor is made of amorphous or nanocrystal metal and has a remagnetize response under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, this remagnetize response under at least one set-point temperature (such as the Curie temperature of sensor element) or on be different.These temperature sensors can use with the correlation detector that is used for temperature detection, and as the part of closed loop heating system.
Background technology
On market, the temperature sensor that can wirelessly read has various application.These application comprise and detecting and the internal temperature of report domestic animal and as the part of closed-loop temperature feedback system, and this closed-loop temperature feedback system allows magnetic induction heaters accurately to control the temperature of adiabatic food delivery cartridge.United States Patent (USP) 5,954,984,6,232,585,6,320,169 and 6,953,919 have disclosed many such application.
What many such application were used at present is radio frequency identification (RFID) system for detecting temperature.These RFID system for detecting temperature comprise RFID reader and relevant RFID " label " thereof, thus this label have a certain type temperature sensor and be the part of its circuit.
These the existing rfid systems often cause because of the label cost are more expensive relatively, and just can't continuous working when surpassing 125 ℃.In addition, they can't send information near metal or other conductive material, particularly when the RFID label is embedded within the conductive material.
Magnetic element mark (or " label ") usually is used as the part that electronic item monitors (EAS) system or other verification system.These marks or label are passive, and be littler and more cheap than RFID label usually, and can at high temperature work, can also adopt some form with its information wireless send to detecting device, even in being embedded into conductor.
For example, United States Patent (USP) 4,484,184 have disclosed EAS mark or the label of being made by the soft magnetic amorphous alloy band.The composition of these bands is by expression formula M
aN
bO
cX
dY
eZ
fConstitute, wherein M is at least a in iron and the cobalt, and N is a nickel, O is at least a in chromium and the molybdenum, and X is at least a in boron and the phosphorus, and Y is a silicon, Z is a carbon, and ＂ a ＂-＂ f ＂ is an atomic percent, and a is approximately between 35-85, b is approximately between 0-45, approximately between 0-7, approximately between 5-22, e is approximately between 0-15 for d for c, f is approximately between 0-2, and the d+e+f sum is approximately between 15-25.Above-mentioned mark band can produce a disturbance by some frequencies, and these frequencies are harmonic waves of the frequency of the incident alternating magnetic field that produces of field emission device.Arrange a pick-up unit, detect that there is mark near interrogation Yin Qinei and the disturbance of magnetic field of the selected tone of the harmonic wave that produces.The process of above-mentioned mark generation harmonic wave has non-linear magnetization response by this mark to incident magnetic field and causes.
This area needs a kind of wireless temperature detection system of utilizing small and exquisite and cheap detector unit, even this system can work under 125 ℃ the temperature and also can send information near metal or other conductive material continuously surpassing.In addition, if this improved detector unit can carry the tentation data relevant with sensor self or carry the tentation data relevant with the object of temperature to be measured (such as identity, object features or the heating instruction of object), will be more favourable then.At last, if thereby this detecting element can be used as the temperature that the part of close-loop feedback heating system can be controlled the output of firing equipment and control object thus, then will realize many advantages.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of temperature sensor, temperature checking method and closed loop heating system of brand-new type.When discovery just can obtain reliable temperature detection by using the magnetic temperature detecting element, just expect the present invention, wherein each magnetic temperature detecting element all has distinctive remagnetize response under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, and these responses are very sensitive and can be monitored at an easy rate to temperature.
More particularly, preferable sensor is configured to the object thermo-contact so that detect its temperature, and the sensor element that comprises at least one easy magnetization, it has the remagnetize response under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, this remagnetize response is what to be defined by at least one very short detectable disturbance of magnetic field pulse, this disturbance of magnetic field pulse has the defined very short duration, this remagnetize response under at least one set-point temperature with on be different.Preferably, this set-point temperature Curie temperature that is sensor element or near the temperature (usually in about 25 ℃) of this Curie temperature.In great majority were used, this set-point temperature was less than about 400 ℃ greatly.
Apply enough big alternating magnetic field when causing the remagnetize response of expectation when the object thermo-contact of this temperature sensor element and temperature to be measured and to this sensor element, this sensor element is just operated in the mode of " temperature switch ".That is, when object is lower than the set-point temperature of this sensor element, just observe remagnetize response from this sensor element; When object temperature meets or exceeds the set-point temperature, or do not observe the remagnetize response, or this response changes.
Usually, temperature sensor of the present invention utilizes a plurality of sensor elements, and each sensor element all has the set-point temperature different with other sensor element.Preferably, these sensor elements are designed to have different set-point temperature continuously, these continuously different set-point temperature transform to the highest and abide by a kind of mode at least a little uniformly from minimum, make can with the corresponding temperature range of the design of temperature sensor in the temperature of monitoring object.In this case, the size definition of the difference between the adjacent set-point resolution of temperature sensor.
In order to utilize temperature sensor of the present invention most effectively, also utilized the detecting device relevant with sensor element.This detecting device has usually and a kind ofly is used to produce enough big alternating magnetic field with equipment of inquiring these sensor elements (that is, causing the remagnetize response of sensor element based on the temperature of object) and the equipment that is used to detect this response.In fact, this detecting device has magnetic field and produces coil and magnetic field receiving coil, and they all are coupled to signal processing unit.In use, detecting device produces essential alternating magnetic field, and the remagnetize of magnetic field receiving coil detecting sensor element response, thereby sends output signal to signal processing unit.Signal processing unit preferably adopts the form of digital microprocessor, and uses a kind of decoding algorithm that is used for determining object temperature.In preferable form, decoding algorithm comprises one or more enquiry forms, and these enquiry forms associate the remagnetize response and the object temperature of sensor element.
The sensor element of easy magnetization is preferably formed as the metallic object of amorphous or nanocrystal state.This metallic object preferably adopts the extremely thin elongated lead or the form of band, and its cross-sectional dimension (such as diameter) is up to about 100 nanometers, and can produce by variety of way.A kind of particularly suitable form of metallic object is microfilament (microwire) form, and it is made of interior metal core and optional outer glass coating.This microfilament can be produced or as water-water noncrystal by known Taylor method.Yet, be not to use microfilament in the present invention, as long as these sensors comprise that essential easy magnetization sensor element is just passable.
In another aspect of the present invention, provide new compound or combined type microfilament based on microfilament.In these structures, adjacent ferromagnetic sheath by known Curie temperature, shielded the inside microfilament that is made of the long and thin metal body, this prevents or has changed at least the remagnetize response at the temperature place of relevant microfilament metallic object below the Curie temperature of sheath (or at the known temperature place near the Curie temperature of sheath).Sheath can be round inner microfilament, perhaps is at least partially disposed near the inner microfilament and leaves with it at interval.The glass sock that a kind of particularly suitable compound microfilament comprises the microfilament body of innermost easy magnetization and is trapped among the outside.This sheath be tubulose and round glass sock, also have outmost glass sock round this sheath.By using the Taylor method of revising, can produce this composite design at an easy rate.Specifically, a pair of inner glass tube and outer glass pipe are nested in together, and the metal of easy magnetization is positioned within this pipe, ferromagnetic sheath material in this, manage and outer tube between.Make these parts fusings, and promptly stretch, thereby produce the composite structure of expectation.
In another aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of inspected object method of temperature.This method comprises that broadly the laying temperature sensor makes itself and described object thermo-contact, described sensor comprises the sensor element of at least one easy magnetization, this sensor element has remagnetize response under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, wherein this remagnetize response under at least one set-point temperature with on be different.Next, at the enough big alternating magnetic field of the region generating of this sensor, to cause the remagnetize response of this sensor element.So, the remagnetize response of this sensor element is detected, and the temperature (and therefore determine this object temperature) that is used at least in part to determine this microfilament body be on the temperature of set-point or under the temperature of set-point (for example, in the temperature deterministic process, out of Memory also can use with detected remagnetize response).
As mentioned above, this sensor generally has the sensor element of a plurality of easy magnetizations, each sensor element all has different remagnetize responses under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, and each remagnetize response under the temperature of set-point with on all be different, wherein the set-point temperature of these sensor elements differs from one another.In this case, the remagnetize of some sensor element response is detected at least, and is used to the temperature of survey sensor element and the temperature of object.
Under the situation of compound that uses the band sheath or combined type microfilament detecting element, relevant ferromagnetic sheath is by making relevant magnetic saturation of microfilament body or biasing, prevent the remagnetize response of this microfilament body, reach a temperature more than the Curie temperature of ferromagnetic sheath up to this sensor element and this object or reach some fixed temperatures near this Curie temperature.This sheath makes the degree of sensor element magnetic saturation or biasing can be designed to produce a series of remagnetizes responses different or that change near the temperature range of the Curie temperature of this sheath.Suppose that relevant detecting device has enough big resolution and resolving ability, then these responses different or that change can be detected, and are used to temperature detection.Thus, in this case, single microfilament detecting element can present a plurality of different set-point temperature.
The present invention also provides a kind of particular structure and method so that optionally measure the temperature of the object that is made of at least one pair of parts that are in close proximity to each other, and at least one in these parts is heatable.For example, according to the present invention, can carry out monitoring temperature and control with relevant heated consumables (such as induction heater and the container that is filled with heatable shaving cream) to well heater.In this design, will for can respond to-heated nozzle is equipped with a kind of temperature sensor of the present invention, this nozzle is designed to be connected to said vesse and the fluid that comes out from this container is heated, and this container will by be equipped with a kind of be added to nozzle on magnetic field-response type data element (such as the microfilament of routine) of being associated of temperature sensor.This temperature sensor and data element are associated, if make this temperature sensor and data element experience a kind of alternating magnetic field of inquiry simultaneously, then can only decode to the remagnetize response of this temperature sensor.Usually, this is to realize by the decoding algorithm that changes above-mentioned checkout equipment, makes it will not detect and report object temperature, unless said temperature sensor and data element all exist.When this container was positioned on the induction heater that is used for heating purposes, said temperature sensor and data element were leaned on very closely, and the remagnetize of this sensor response can be detected, and were used to temperature detection.
Of the present invention this has superiority on the one hand especially, just can use with this well heater because the manufacturer of well heater can guarantee the consumables that have only it to make; That is,, then can not occurrence temperature monitor, because the consumables of other manufacturer do not comprise the essential magnetic field that is associated-response type data element if the consumables of another manufacturer use with this well heater.In addition, this well heater can be designed to, and makes it not work, unless use suitable consumables.
The present invention also provides the system by utilizing temperature sensor of the present invention that object is heated.This system also comprises the device that object is heated, and such as the heating unit of induction heating unit or other type, this system also comprises the remagnetize detector response of described type.Also provide the controller that is coupled with detecting device and heating arrangement, so that receive the output signal of self-detector and control the operation of this heating arrangement in response to these output signals.In the system of these types, the temperature of object is by adjoining land or monitoring continuously, and this controller changes the operation of this heating arrangement, so that heat this object or it is maintained in the desired temperatures scope.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the fragment figure of the partial cross section of the magnetic microfilament element that is applicable to prior art of the present invention;
Fig. 2 shows the magnetic characteristic that is applicable to the temperature place of microfilament of the present invention below the Curie temperature of microfilament alloy;
Fig. 3 A is " time-remagnetize " graph of a relation of employed amorphous ribbon in conventional thief-proof EAS mark or the label;
Fig. 3 B is employed a kind of " time-remagnetize " graph of a relation with amorphous microfilament of very big Barkhausen's uncontinuity the mark buied from Sensormatic company or the label;
Fig. 3 C is " time-remagnetize " graph of a relation by the amorphous magnetic microfilament that is coated with glass of Taylor method production;
Fig. 4 is the schematic cross section that is attached to the magnetic temperature sensor on the object under test according to first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 A is similar to Fig. 4 schematic cross section, but shows each parts that are separately positioned on two magnetic microfilament temperature sensors on the object that is designed to lean on very closely;
Fig. 5 is the schematic cross section according to the detector unit of second embodiment of the invention, described a kind of amorphous microfilament magnetic element that scribbles glass, be wrapped in the cylindrical sheath of feeromagnetic metal or Ferrite Material around it, and have the Curie temperature of expectation;
Fig. 6 is the schematic cross section according to magnetic temperature sensor of the present invention, and it has utilized the microfilament data element of the sort of type shown in Figure 1 and detector unit shown in Figure 5;
Fig. 7 is the schematic cross section according to the another kind of detector unit of third embodiment of the invention, the amorphous microfilament magnetic element that wherein scribbles glass as shown in Figure 1, and near the feeromagnetic metal of Curie temperature or the sheath of Ferrite Material with expectation;
Fig. 8 is the schematic cross section according to the magnetic temperature sensor of third embodiment of the invention, comprising data element shown in Figure 1 and detector unit shown in Figure 7;
Fig. 9 shows at the sheath of the detector unit that is applicable to second embodiment of the invention or is applicable to the graph of a relation of " number percent-Curie temperature of copper " in the nickel-copper alloy of sheath of detector unit of third embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is the schematic block diagram according to temperature reader of the present invention, this temperature reader can with its magnetic element temperature sensors reciprocation;
Figure 11 shows the synoptic diagram of answering heating unit based on the sealing feedback temperature sense of control of magnetic element sensor according to of the present invention;
Embodiment
The magnetic element of prior art and detection system
In order to understand the present invention best, it is useful understanding the EAS of existing use magnetic element (usually being called as " magnetic mark ") and the essence and the operation of verification system and corresponding detecting system thereof.
A kind of magnetic element commonly used is the amorphous microfilament that scribbles glass.In technology and patent documentation, disclosed the following behavior of this microfilament and production run thereof, magnetic property and Curie temperature.For example, referring to following document: United States Patent (USP) 6,441,737 and 6,747,559; The article of Horia Chirac " Preparationand Characterization of Glass Covered Magnetic Wires ", Materials Science andEngineering, A304-306,166-71 (2001); People's such as Donald article " The Preparation; Properties and Applications of Some Glass Coated Metal Filaments Prepared bythe Taylor-Wire Process ", Journal of Materials Science, 31,1139-48 (1996); The article of Wiesner and Schneider " Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Fe--P AlloysContaining Ga, Ge, and As ", Phys.Stat.Sol. (a) 26,71 (1974); And people's such as Antonenko article " High Frequency Properties of Glass-Coated Microwires ", Journal ofApplied Physics, volume 83,6587-89.By the Taylor technology of this area common name, produce the continuous multi-stage microfilament marked downly, in the glass tube of the approximate vertical setting of bottom sealing, make the ingot that is pre-formed alloy or required elemental composition fusing thus.Make this alloy convert molten condition in case heat, then catch the softening bottom of glass tube and it is pulled into continuous microfilament with radio frequency (＂ rf ＂).In the process that stretches, reduce the alloy xsect rapidly and use radiator cooler, just make that this alloy becomes amorphous or nanocrystal.
Fig. 1 has described typical microfilament 20, and its overall diameter is from 10 microns or be smaller to tens of microns.Microfilament 20 has alloy core 22 and glass coating 24, wherein alloy core 22 and glass coating 24 can be continuously each other physical coupling, perhaps only at the some place of several apart each other physical coupling.Although the glass-metal ratio is variable, can control nearly it.For example, for 45-60 micron core diameter microfilament, the typical thickness of glass coating 24 can approximately be the 1-5 micron; For 30 microns core diameter microfilaments, the typical thickness of glass coating 24 approximately is the 1-3 micron.Be used for the EAS of prior art and the microfilament element of checking label and be cut into the section of a plurality of 15mm usually to 75mm.
By changing alloying component and glass-metal diameter proportion, can control the magnetic hysteresis loop of microfilament magnetic property and gained.Fig. 2 shows the Utopian magnetic hysteresis loop response of the typical microfilament 20 with very big Barkhausen's uncontinuity (Barkhausendiscontinuity), is applicable to following the present invention.When this microfilament 20 be exposed to outside alternating magnetic field (its magnetic field intensity on the reverse direction of the instantaneous magnetic polarization of this element greater than coercive force H
c, shown herein is ideally less than 10A/m) time, the remagnetize process has caused being easy to the generation of detected harmonic wave high power pulse.The magnetic flux change of this impulse duration has caused the peak value of flux to the derivative of time.Correspondingly, will observe voltage peak near the receiving coil this element, and reader can make in this voltage peak and this magnetic field and has the microfilament element associated.
The amorphous microfilament 20 that scribbles glass that prior art is produced by the Taylor method can be manufactured into and present low-down coercive force (basically less than 10A/m), very high relative permeability (being higher than 20000 basically), is substantially zero or is a little positive magnetostriction and very big Barkhausen's uncontinuity (this means that this microfilament only exists with the bimodulus magnetic state basically).
The remagnetize character of microfilament 20 also is very important, and the prior art magnetic element of this microfilament and other type is distinguished.With reference to Fig. 3 C (with reference to United States Patent (USP) 6,556,139), can see that for the amorphous microfilament that scribbles glass, remagnetize spike width (recording at semi-amplitude level place) is in the scope of 25-80 microsecond.(with reference to Fig. 3 B) on the contrary, the mark that can buy from Sensormatic company or label comprise a kind of " casting " water amorphous wire, it has very big Barkhausen's uncontinuity, and this spike width is in the scope of about 200-500 microsecond.(with reference to Fig. 3 A) at last, for amorphous ribbon commonly used in thief-proof mark or the label (such as Meto GmbH 32-mm mark or label), spike width approximately is the 1-2 microsecond.Thus, the microfilament of type shown in Figure 1 presents extremely short remagnetize peak value, and this allows the microfilament response is distinguished with ground unrest, such as, the ground unrest that causes with the field reciprocation of other exterior object.
People such as Zhukov the article on the J.Mater.Res.15 No.10 Oct. (2000) described use a plurality of amorphous scribble the silk section of glass the time production multidigit mark process, each section all is of different sizes (length, overall diameter etc.) or magnetic property (such as coercive force).For example, if a plurality of magnetic microfilament element presents different coercive forces respectively, then by using United States Patent (USP) 4,203,544 described methods can detect the remagnetize peak value of their uniquenesses in each magnetic field in the cycle, and can discern their pattern.United States Patent (USP) 5,729,201 have described a kind of method that is used to distinguish so a plurality of microfilaments, even they have identical magnetic property and size.Near microfilament permanent magnet bias-field element is different by the close degree of the independent silk section of it and each, distinguishes the amplitude (this amplitude is required to surpass the coercive force that is used to make each magnetic element remagnetize) of the external magnetic field that is produced by reader.The phase differential that this has caused in the detected remagnetize peak value allows independent element is distinguished thus.
United States Patent (USP) 4,134,538 have described the multicomponent label (mark) that is made of a plurality of magnetic elements, and each element has different coercive forces, allow thus to distribute an identifying code to the object of any stickup, this code has and the as many character of employed magnetic element.In case distribute a character in this identifying code to each magnetic element according to the order of the value of the coercive force of each magnetic element, next just appear in the pick-up unit with the corresponding signal of each magnetic element, its phase shift order is the same with the order of coercive force, and the corresponding amplitude of value that each signal is distributed when all having with coding is reproducing complete code aspect arrangement and the amplitude thus.
United States Patent (USP) 6,622,913 have disclosed by the microfilament element that uses different-diameter or magnetic permeability and can encode to data message by binary mode, make them produce significantly different response to the alternating magnetic field that transmitter produced.Correspondingly, one type microfilament can present binary zero, and the microfilament of another kind of type can present binary one.For example, (these four kinds of microfilaments have increasing coercive force can to make the array of four kinds of microfilaments, make and to distinguish them at an easy rate) by in the cycle of incident alternating magnetic field, detecting just differing of they, to produce the disturbance of high amplitude field and the short arc field disturbance (high voltage amplitude and low-voltage amplitude that alternation is just arranged at the detecting device place thus) of alternation, make them present 1010 such binary modes.
U.S. Patent application 2005/0109435 has been described the magnetics and the optical means of some kinds of coding multidigit information on single microfilament.The stress sensitivity of ferromagnetic amorphous glass coating-type microfilament can advantageously be used as the physical basis that influences domain structure.Ferromagnetic amorphous glass coating-type microfilament coding can come from the localized variation of this domain structure.By forcing local stress or the selective crystallization by non-crystaline amorphous metal, be easy to realize above-mentioned this variation.This variation can be influenced by many modes, comprising carry out the chemical thinning of spot heating, glass coating, coating on glass etc. by pulse laser.The local modification of the glass coating of ferromagnetic amorphous glass coating-type microfilament can be used to produce effectively the controlled change of the domain structure of non-crystaline amorphous metal core, can encode thus.Preferred methods is to use laser pulse that glass or alloy are carried out spot heating (can realize independently heating by selecting wavelength), thereby cause one of glass or alloy or both structural changes, and changed existing stress field or basic magnetism characteristic thus.
Prior art EAS or verification system detector device (these equipment are combining with all types of magnetic elements that are used as magnetic mark and using) are used field emission device unit and magnetic field detector unit usually.Field emission device has frequency generator and field generator coil (constituting the alternating magnetic field source together) usually, is used for producing alternating magnetic fields in the interrogation of this mark.Detector cell has a receiving coil and signal processing unit usually, and this signal processing unit triggers panalarm usually.
In the EAS of prior art system, in the time of near magnetic mark is positioned at above-mentioned coil, the AC field of inquiry has caused the magnetized switching of magnetic element.Correspondingly, very short disturbance of magnetic field pulse is received by the field receiving coil.These pulses are detected by signal processing circuit, and this signal processing circuit produces an output to activate alarm.
First embodiment: be used for the modified microfilament of chemical property that Curie temperature detects
First embodiment of the present invention comprises magnetic microfilament temperature sensor, it has the microfilament of at least one and common a plurality of easy magnetizations, at least each alloy of some microfilament has modified chemical property and corresponding different Curie temperature, is less than about 400 ℃ usually greatly.In addition, present embodiment comprises microfilament reader or detecting device, and it can be decoded to the temperature information that obtains from the sensor microfilament.
Modified each microfilament of chemical property preferably is manufactured into and makes at them below the Curie temperature separately, Barkhausen's uncontinuity that modified microfilament reservation is very big, extremely low coercive force and high magnetic permeability (the magnetic hysteresis loop behavior of gained is the type that Fig. 2 describes).These modified microfilaments can lose its ferromagnetism at it more than the Curie temperature usually fully.Other microfilament in the sensor array does not need to have modified chemical property, but can operate as data element according to the list of any above-mentioned prior art or multidigit coding method.
Employed based on iron and/or based on the alloy of cobalt in the amorphous microfilament about prior art, it is exactly the atomic percent of adjusting chromium wherein that best chemical property is revised.Amorphous based on iron (Fe80-xCrx) (PC) in 20 the alloy, chromium has considerable influence to its magnetic property.The increase of chromium number percent can make Curie temperature, average hyperfine field and saturation magnetization thereof descend, and on the other hand, its initial permeability is enlarged markedly.For example, in some sample after tested, chromium number percent increases to 6.5% from 0% will make Curie temperature be reduced to 155 ℃ from 330 ℃.With reference to people's such as Henry article " Magnetic Measurements of Iron-Rich Amorphous Alloys Containing Chromium:Mossbauer Study and B-H Loops ", Journal of Materials Science 19:1000-06 (1984); Can also be with reference to the book " Magnetic Properties of Metals--d-Elements, Alloys, and Compounds " of Wijn, Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1991).
To changing the magnetism characteristic that also can be used to change amorphous microfilament element based on iron with based on other chemical property that the alloy of copper is done.For example, in some FCZBN alloy, cobalt can be replaced iron, and the Curie temperature of gained presents the behavior as the sinusoidal curve along with the increase of cobalt content, and at cobalt atom number percent is that 3% and 12.5% place manifests two maximal values, at cobalt atom number percent is that 7.5% place manifests a minimum value (people's such as Yao article " Co Dependence of Curie Temperature inAmorphous Fe Co Zr B Nb Alloys With High Glass Forming Ability ", Journal ofPhysical Science:Condensed Matter, Vol.16 6325-34 (2004)).IEEE Transactionson Magnetics, Vol.22,1349-51 (1986) proposes a kind of technology, and the Co-P non-crystaline amorphous metal that has high P content thus can obtain by electrolysis.The Curie temperature of these alloys demonstrates linear behavior in " Curie temperature-composition (up to the P of 28-29%) " graph of a relation.For higher concentration, observe constant Curie temperature.
As mentioned above, first embodiment preferably utilizes a plurality of magnetic microfilament detector units, its chemical property changes, makes these microfilaments each temperature (being about 400 ℃ or lower usually) in the particular design temperature range of whole temperature sensor locate to become paramagnetic.For example, Fig. 4 has described temperature sensor 26, and it has 4 temperature detection microfilament 28-34 altogether, thus forming array 36.By using any above-mentioned technology (such as the atomic percent that increases chromium), the chemical property of microfilament 28-34 is modified, and consequently, the Curie temperature of these microfilaments is different and all is exceeded in the temperature range of sensor 26 operate as normal.All the other two microfilaments 38 and 40 are data element.Also used optional permanent magnetism bias-field element 41.
In the embodiment of Fig. 4, microfilament 28-34 is a parallel arranged, wherein spacing 42 equals the radius sum (spacing 42 can greater than these radius sums) of each adjacent microfilament, and be secured together by the heat-conductive bonding agent (not shown), this bonding agent also pastes microfilament and will carry out on the object 44 of monitoring temperature it.
In this exemplary embodiment, the coercive force of microfilament 28-34 and 38-40 changes because of the variation (the especially chromium content of each alloy) of the chemical property in its alloy, so that guarantee that each microfilament in these 6 microfilaments can be detected uniquely by the order of its position in whole array in each cycle.Certainly, being used to change alloy character and being used to, to regulate other prior art of coercive force also be operable.In addition, except microfilament 38 (it is obviously long a lot, such as 40mm), these 6 microfilament 28-34 have identical length (such as 20mm) with 38-40.This extra length of microfilament 38 guaranteed, from the detected remagnetize peak value of this data element microfilament aspect the amplitude greater than all other remagnetize peak values.
Figure 10 shows typical detector device 46, is used for detecting by sensor 26 detected temperature, and is corresponding with the temperature of object 44.Detecting device 46 broadly comprises the alternating magnetic field transmitter unit, and its form is frequency emitter 48 and is coupled with field generator coil 50, makes this transmitter unit can produce the alternating magnetic field that is used to inquire sensor 26.Entire equipment 46 also comprises a receiving coil 52, operationally is coupled to digital signal processing unit 54 and temperature indicator 56.As shown in the figure, processing unit 54 is furnished with communication port 58 and 60, and can operationally be coupled to frequency generator 48 by connecting 62.In addition, frequency generator 48 can be furnished with optional input 61, thereby allows this generator is carried out Long-distance Control.
As mentioned above, sensor 26 and detector device 46 are interrelated, make that equipment 46 can be by carrying out the temperature that object 44 is determined in appropriate inquiry to sensor 26.This interrelated comprising with the position logical and decoding algorithm of sensor 26 (the temperature look-up table lattice of promptly being stored in the storer of signal processing unit 54 in this case) coupling.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that to provide various position logics and corresponding algorithm form.Yet following discussion provides a kind of exemplary systems in the context of the sensor 26 of Figure 10 and detector device 46.
Referring again to Fig. 4, suppose that least significant bit (LSB) is a microfilament 28 among above-mentioned four detector unit microfilament 34-38, it can be named as " first " microfilament.Thus, when object 44 is in the Curie temperature of first microfilament 28 when following, under the influence of the alternating magnetic field that equipment 46 is produced, microfilament 28 still will produce its distinctive short weight and newly magnetize pulse.When the temperature of object 44 is higher than the Curie temperature of first microfilament 28, under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, the short weight that microfilament 28 will no longer produce it is newly magnetized pulse, therefore, will not have its position (" 0 " value) in detected detector unit bit array.
Remaining temperature detection microfilament 30-34 has the modified alloy of chemical property separately, makes that the Curie temperature of these microfilaments is the Curie temperature that are higher than first microfilament 28 continuously and step by step.Thus, " second " microfilament 30 has than the high slightly Curie temperature of first microfilament 28, and that " the 3rd " and " the 4th " microfilament 32 and 34 has is continuous, than the high slightly Curie temperature of the microfilament of low order.Like this, come self-detector 46 add under the influence in magnetic field, than first microfilament 28 and each the high temperature place of low order microfilament before all, the remagnetize pulse (position) of microfilament 30-34 will disappear (promptly becoming " 0 " value).
For example, if the temperature of object 44 is lower than the Curie temperature of first and second microfilaments 28 and 30, then all positions of array 36 all will be read (promptly becoming " 1 " value) by equipment 46., the temperature of object 44 is lower than the Curie temperature of second microfilament 30 if being higher than the Curie temperature of first microfilament 28, then first i.e. " 0 " value that will disappear for equipment 46 is " 1 " value but all will be read by equipment 46 with corresponding remaining position of microfilament 30-34.
As mentioned above, it is the algorithm of form that equipment 46 comprises with the question blank, this algorithm identified goes out, the disappearance of first temperature level and second and the appearance of all the higher temperature positions temperature (detection of sensor or object temperature or determine to be meant single temperature or approximate temperature in a certain temperature range) as used herein like that, between first and second Curie temperature of first and second microfilaments (temperature level) 28 and 30 that means object 44.Thus, by reading the temperature detection bit data that is produced by array 36, and the binary value of these data and interested enquiry form are associated, just the temperature of object 44 can be defined as being within the defined temperature range in interval between the first and second microfilament Curie temperature.Certainly, this logic is applied to all four microfilament 28-34 in Fig. 4 example.
If the number N of the temperature detection microfilament on the given magnetic element temperature sensors has the Curie temperature of the order with known continuous increase that has identified, and the increment that these Curie temperature are selected to each other is consistent at least a little, and then this sensor can detect from first to each temperature the N Curie temperature.The resolution of this sensor is exactly the increment between the continuous Curie temperature.Should be appreciated that even continuous Curie temperature is not in full accord, relevant enquiry form also can be fabricated out, and this sensor also can suitably work.
The microfilament alloy of present embodiment can be before or after these alloys be processed into microfilament, and their Curie temperature is quantized.Like this, just can calibrate this complete microfilament sensor at temperature detection.For given temperature range to be measured, its Curie temperature is quantized and is big more near the number of equally spaced those microfilaments in the said temperature scope, and the resolution of this microfilament temperature sensor is just high more.Preferably, the temperature sensor of present embodiment has at least 20 temperature detection microfilaments, have higher Curie temperature continuously from first microfilament to the N microfilament, and the increment between the continuous microfilament is not more than 5 ℃.
At some temperature detection microfilaments and under (reason may be the misreading of reader, lack and other thermo-contact etc.), lack acceptable question blank scale value and preferably make the reader algorithm of equipment 46 attempt reading again of sensor 26 not according to situation about disappearing with the suitable order of other microfilament.If continuous reading displayed again goes out same irregular temperature data, then the reader algorithm can abandon this temperature data, (the perhaps last temperature that records adds a temperature increment to use the last temperature that records, this temperature increment is based on a kind of last rate of temperature change of measuring and time for reading computation process at interval of comprising), next, attempt again at the interval of reading of mapping out next time.Preferably, take a plurality of steps, good thermo-contact is arranged each other and good thermo-contact is arranged with the object 44 of temperature to be measured to guarantee all microfilaments.A kind of such step is exactly that all microfilaments are pasted on the thin heat-conducting substrate.Another step is to use following thermal conductive shell or encapsulating material.
Known, in one-period, can detect nearly 40 microfilaments, correspondingly, the magnetic element temperature sensors of present embodiment can comprise more than 4 temperature detection microfilaments 20 and more than one (position of rest is not counted in interior) data element.Data element (if especially each data element all is to encode with long numeric data) can be used to store related information (such as linearity or nonlinear relationship constant), and this information can allow detector algorithm that " specific numerical value " (temperature level) is decoded into temperature value associated therewith.This is valuable especially under the situation of not using the enquiry form method.Thus, magnetic element temperature sensors 26 can be in its data element store data inside, such as permanent ID code or " classification of object " code.The ability of this storage " classification of object " code allows single reader algorithm to read some kinds of dissimilar microfilament temperature sensors, and each sensor all has the enquiry form of himself uniqueness, and still correct temperature is decoded.
Should be appreciated that, under the situation that does not deviate from scope of the present invention, in sensor 26 and equipment 46, can use many different coding/decoding strategies, as long as each temperature detection microfilament is designed to can lose its remagnetize pulse character more than the Curie temperature at it under the influence of the alternating magnetic field that equipment 46 is produced.A selection will be to use bias-field element 41, this element 41 is used to distinguish the amplitude (this amplitude is required to surpass the coercive force that is used to make each microfilament remagnetize) of the external magnetic field that is produced by equipment 46, because it is from the close degree varies sample of each independent microfilament 28-34 and 38-40.This has caused by the phase differential in the detecting device 46 detected remagnetize peak values, helps to distinguish above-mentioned 6 independent microfilaments thus.Other variation will include but not limited to: determine stopping or " circumscribing " position between detector unit and data element; Non-temperature data is carried out Code And Decode; And the length that makes some or all of microfilaments is inequality so that change its magnetic responses.In addition, at the temperature place of the Curie temperature that approaches independent temperature detection microfilament, the variation of magnetic property can change but can not eliminate its detectable remagnetize pulse fully.This remagnetize pulse through changing has predictable behavior in the specific temperature range below Curie temperature, also can be used to temperature information is decoded.This can allow each temperature detection microfilament to detect a more than temperature exactly, for example, from Curie temperature with the little spacing of the next one up to this Curie temperature.
Second embodiment: the microfilament that is used for temperature detection with ferromagnetic sheath
This second embodiment comprises magnetic element temperature sensors 64, it has a plurality of compound temperature detection microfilaments 66, each microfilament all comprises the microfilament of the easy magnetization of above-mentioned prior art type, such microfilament does not deliberately reduce its Curie temperature, makes it will keep very big Barkhausen's uncontinuity and other magnetic property of describing as Fig. 2 in the whole working range of sensor 64.This microfilament structure further comprise around the structure 68 of tubulose.Whole second embodiment also comprises the microfilament Temperature Detector similar to detecting device 46, and wherein the algorithm of being stored can be decoded to the temperature information that is obtained from the inquiry of sensor 64.
Particularly, each compound microfilament 66 all has innermost alloy 70, and intermediate glass coating 72 makes that round alloy 70 inside of compound microfilament 66 is just the same at the microfilament 20 of conceptive and previously described prior art.In addition, the structure 68 of microfilament 66 comprises the sheath 74 of the tubulose that is made of feeromagnetic metal or Ferrite Material (such as NiZn or MnZn), and this sheath 74 is round coating 72; This structure 68 also comprises optional outmost glass coating 76, is used for the sheath 74 round tubulose.Sheath 74 has the Curie temperature through careful selection, only make when this microfilament is placed in the alternating magnetic field that detecting device produces, and only (or approaching more than a certain temperature of Curie temperature) more than the Curie temperature of this ferromagnetic sheath 74, inner microfilament alloy 70 just can produce its distinctive disturbance (thus, at the detecting device place remagnetize potential pulse just being arranged).Therefore, during the temperature of (or approaching below a certain temperature of Curie temperature), sheath 74 is ferromagnetic, thus, has changed the characteristic pulse of microfilament 66 below compound microfilament 66 is in the Curie temperature of ferromagnetic sheath 74.This can prevent compound microfilament 66 because of sheath 74 caused magnetic saturation remagnetizes, perhaps allows the signal of the remagnetize conduct of gained from biasing or " change " of compound microfilament 66.For example, more than the sheath Curie temperature, the remagnetize pulse may depart from its position aspect phase place, perhaps, the bias effect of this sheath can allow below a plurality of different set-point temperature and more than remagnetize response through changing is arranged.
During a temperature more than compound microfilament 66 is in the Curie temperature of sheath 74, this sheath becomes paramagnetic, thus to the not influence of characteristic pulse of alloy 70.Therefore, each of sheath 74 more than Curie temperature (perhaps approaching these Curie temperature some more than the temperature), compound microfilament 66 is acted normally (promptly, they make detecting device 46 detect the potential pulse of phase place, amplitude etc. as expected, just as in the enquiry form or by certain other decoding algorithm write down).Yet, during the temperature of each that is in sheath 74 when compound microfilament 66 below the Curie temperature, they can't be detected by detecting device, or can be detected but its magnetic property change, particularly relate to the situation of the detected characteristic pulse in temperature place more than the Curie temperature of sheath 74.This magnetic property through changing will not meet the parameter of enquiry form or other decoding algorithm, such as with phase relation or duration of pulse from the exchange current of frequency generator 48.
If constituting the material of tubular sheath 74 is feeromagnetic metals, then sheath 74 may only several micron thickness, or that inner microfilament alloy 70 is saturated and manufacturability is required is so thick.The United States Patent (USP) 7,011,911 that is entitled as " AmorphousMicrowire and Method for Manufacture Thereof " has been described a kind of method that is used to form ferromagnetic sheath 74.Other method comprises flame jet or sputter.When using these to be used to create the method for sheath 74, it not is necessary that an outmost coating 76 is arranged.A kind of modified Taylor method also is operable, and wherein inner glass pipe and outer glass pipe are coaxially and telescopically to align, and make the inner glass pipe be within the wall of outer glass pipe.Alloy 70 is in the inside of center glass tube with ingot (bar-shaped) or the form that constitutes metal, and the material that constitutes tubular sheath 74 is then between mutually nested glass tube.The form of this sheath material can be ingot (might be several rods) or constitute metal.By magnetic induction or other suitable means, these alloys are heated to fusion, thereby and the motlten metal of gained and glass spurred rapidly to form and met microfilament 66.
Many kinds of technology known in the art can be regulated the Curie temperature of ferrimag by the trace element that adds special metal.Thus, can use the alloy of any number to constitute tubular sheath 74.Fig. 9 show add some metal (being copper in this case) on a small quantity to ferromagnetic metallic element (being nickel in this case) thus so that form the Curie temperature that real alloy can change the ferrimag of gained by predictable mode.In addition, add small additions of chromium to iron, just can produce its Curie temperature is predictable alloy.With reference to United States Patent (USP) 5,954,989, the Curie temperature of revising nickel with copper and aluminium has been discussed wherein.
Making employed alloy or ferrite material in the process of tubular sheath 74 can be before or after being processed into tubular sheath 74 quantize its Curie temperature adjusting temperature of their Curie temperature (or approach).Thus, magnetic element temperature sensors 46 can be easy to be calibrated so that temperature detection.Such as mentioned, for given temperature range to be measured, its sheath Curie temperature is quantized and is many more near the number of the compound microfilament 66 of equally spaced temperature detection in the said temperature scope, and the resolution of this temperature sensor is just high more.Preferably have at least 20 compound microfilaments 66 of temperature detection, each microfilament all has more and more higher sheath Curie temperature, the most much 5 ℃ than the sheath of next lowest-order.Certainly, if the remagnetize pulse of change microfilament 66 near the temperature range of sheath 74 its Curie temperature (such as, by detecting the phase place of the mobile remagnetize pulse in ground), then detecting device might detect in a certain scope and decode and be used for a plurality of temperature of each microfilament 66, needs microfilament 66 still less to allow sensor to measure temperature exactly in very wide scope thus.
If constituting the material of tubular sheath 74 is ferrites or has ferritic material blends, then this sheath can be adhered to glassy layer 72, independent cylinder pearl or the ferrite cylinder shaped object of other sintering with center pit, makes alloy 70 and glass on every side 72 to be placed in wherein.Perhaps, by glass-Ferrite Material being used for layer 72, then can constitute tubular sheath 74 and make it become the part of glassy layer 72 to substitute pure glass.The United States Patent (USP) 6 that is entitled as " Radar Absorbing Coatings ", 909,395 have described ferrite/glass composite material, and this material can directly be pasted the metal object of tinsel or other shape, perhaps can be adhered to one deck and paste pure glass on the metal.
Referring now to Fig. 6, sensor 64 comprises: a plurality of microfilaments 20 are used to present the array 78 of data element; And the compound microfilament 66 of a plurality of temperature detection, be used to form its array 80.Microfilament 20 and compound microfilament 66 are adhered to sensor or label substrate 82, and label substrate 82 is thin as far as possible its heat conduction as far as possible, make sensor 64 can with the object (not shown) nearly thermo-contact so that carry out temperature survey.
The microfilament 20 that is used for forming array 78 has certain chemical property, thereby is given in each above Curie temperature of the operating temperature range of being planned, for sensor 64 usually less than about 400 ℃.Compound microfilament 66 in the array 80 preferably is spaced a distance 84, in case make each independent compound microfilament 66 be in the above temperature of its Curie temperature, the ferromagnetic or ferrite tubulose sheath 74 of the microfilament that this is independent does not influence its contiguous compound microfilament.
In this simple embodiment, suppose that each data element of array 78 is become logic state " 1 " or " 0 " by laser code.In addition, suppose that in addition, each data element is all equally grown (such as 20mm) except end component 83 and 86 (they are obviously long a lot, such as 40mm).This extra length has been guaranteed from the detected remagnetize peak value of data element 83 and 86 big than other aspect the amplitude.At last, tentation data element 83 is become the logical one value by laser code, and data element 86 is become the logical zero value by laser code.As described in first embodiment, each element in the manufacturing array 78 and 80, make detected phase sequence be matched with to be described from the top (microfilament 83) to the bottom alignment order of (compound microfilament 88), the latter has the highest sheath Curie temperature in the compound microfilament in the array 80.In this case, 46 pairs first of detecting devices detect pulse (same facies relationship) distributed crest amplitude with logic level " 1 " and be start bit (being depicted as microfilament 83 herein), and the last data microfilament 86 that detects has crest amplitude and has logic level " 0 " and as position of rest.Data microfilaments all between start bit 83 and position of rest 86 are all detected by microfilament temperature reader, and as data bit.As described in first embodiment, middle data microfilament can be used to various functions, such as tag identification number and " classification of object " code.
For to decoding from the temperature information of sensor 64, supposing has " N " individual compound microfilament from array 80 to have ferromagnetic sheath 74, the Curie temperature (or having the adjusting temperature of " approaching " Curie temperature) that makes each sheath 74 have to be exceeded in the normal range of operation of sensor 64.Least significant bit (LSB) in this N compound microfilament 66 (just after position of rest 86 detecting with facies relationship, and the phase relation of appointment is arranged from position of rest 86) be regarded as " first " compound microfilament 89.Thus, the first compound microfilament 89 only just begins to produce its normal short pulse disturbance in the temperature place more than the Curie temperature of its sheath 74, and therefore, detecting device 46 will only detect its potential pulse (position).The first compound microfilament 89 will not produce its normal short pulse disturbance below the Curie temperature of its sheath 74, therefore, the position that does not have it in detecting device 46 detected a plurality of positions will be to such an extent as to perhaps its pulse will so be changed and can clearly be detected also as " change " microfilament by detecting device 46.
Keep having ferromagnetic sheath 74 with " second " of facies relationship compound microfilament 90 (being close to least significant bit (LSB)) with position of rest 86, the Curie temperature of this ferromagnetic sheath 74 is higher slightly than the Curie temperature of the first compound microfilament 89.Temperature place below this higher sheath Curie temperature higher temperature of sheath Curie temperature (or approach), the position of compound microfilament 90 will not read by detecting device 46, perhaps its voltage signal will be detected as " change ", but than the higher temperature place of the Curie temperature of the first compound microfilament 89 will aspect phase place and duration by such appearance of expection.
Thus, if sensor 64 is in the following temperature of the Curie temperature assigned temperature of Curie temperature (or be lower than) of the first and second compound microfilaments 89 and 90, then detecting device 46 will detect less than any compound microfilament (the compound microfilament of supposing follow-up more high-order in the array 80 all has the more sheath 74 of high-curie temperature).If sensor 64 is in the following temperature place of sheath Curie temperature (or associated temperature) of the above and second compound microfilament 90 of the sheath Curie temperature (or associated temperature) of the first compound microfilament 89, then first will be read by detecting device 46, but second is not still read by detecting device 46 or detecting device read is " change " signal.Finally, want a high temperature place if sensor 64 is in than the sheath Curie temperature (or associated temperature) of the first and second compound microfilaments 89 and 90, then the first and second compound microfilaments will be read by detecting device 46.
Detecting device 46 comprises a kind of decoding algorithm, this decoding algorithm identifies the lacking of second temperature level (or variation) of the appearance of first temperature level of the first compound microfilament 89 and the second compound microfilament 90, send signal by display 56 thus, this signal indicating sensor temperature is between the first sheath Curie temperature and the second sheath Curie temperature.Thus, if sensor 64 with to the close thermo-contact of the interested object of its temperature, the then output of the compound microfilament array position by read sensor 64, detecting device 46 determine that the temperature of objects is between the first and second sheath Curie temperature in the defined temperature range in interval of (or approaching between their each temperature of Curie temperature).
If it is constantly to increase in order that the number of the compound microfilament 66 on the sensor 64 increases to " N " individual compound microfilament and its sheath Curie temperature known, and the increment that these sheath Curie temperature are selected to each other is consistent at least a little, then but sensor 64 just has from the first detected temperatures scope to N sheath Curie temperature, and its temperature resolution is defined by the increment between the continuous sheath Curie temperature.
More generally say, the decoding algorithm of detecting device 46 is configured to understand: first proved that to the appearance of N-1 temperature level and the disappearance of the compound microfilament 66 of N pairing N temperature level in its normal burst state sensor temperature is in (or approaching between each temperature of sheath Curie temperature) between N-1 sheath Curie temperature and the N sheath Curie temperature by what corresponding compound microfilament 66 produced in its normal burst state.This detector algorithm preferably becomes this sensor temperature report the medium temperature between N-1 and N Curie temperature.
Preferably, acceptable compound microfilament bit patterns and corresponding sensor temperature thereof are stored in the enquiry form in the storer of detecting device 46.Thus, when detecting device 46 detects acceptable bit patterns from sensor associated 64, this bit patterns and enquiry form are compared so that find out the sensor associated temperature.
According to (its reason may be the misreading of detecting device 46, not with other compound microfilament thermo-contact etc.) under the situation about occurring with its normal condition with the suitable order of other microfilament, above-mentioned detector algorithm not preferably be attempted reading again of sensor 64 to one or more compound microfilament 66 in array 80.If continuous reading displayed again goes out same irregular bit patterns, then above-mentioned detector algorithm can abandon this temperature data, (the perhaps last temperature that records adds a temperature increment to use the last temperature that records, this temperature increment is based on a kind of last rate of temperature change of measuring and time for reading computation process at interval of comprising), next, attempt again at the interval of reading of mapping out next time.
The 3rd embodiment: have separation but adjacent ferromagnetic saturation element and be used for the microfilament of temperature detection
The 3rd embodiment is at conceptive second embodiment that is very similar to, difference is, saturated or biasing element does not need to contact the surface of adjacent temperature detection microfilament as independent entity with ferromagnetic sheath, by contrast, the sheath 74 of second embodiment joins or otherwise adheres to center microfilament structure to.With reference to Fig. 7, show compound microfilament 92 and comprise the microfilament 20 of the previous the sort of type of describing, this microfilament 20 does not deliberately reduce its Curie temperature, makes other magnetic property that it has kept very big Barkhausen's uncontinuity and Fig. 2 to be described in the whole working range of this sensor.In addition, compound microfilament 92 comprises adjacent ferromagnetic sheath 94.Sheath 94 enough approaches the microfilament 20 that is associated, so that prevent the remagnetize of microfilament 20 and the generation of thing followed characteristic disturbance, be in the temperature place of (or approaching more than a certain temperature of Curie temperature) more than the Curie temperature of sheath 94 up to combination microfilament 92 by magnetic saturation or biasing.Equally, as in second embodiment, sheath 94 can be designed such that the microfilament 20 that is associated be lower than below the different set-points temperature of sheath Curie temperature with more than present a series of different remagnetizes responses, and if desired, this a plurality of different response can be used to temperature detection and determine.
More particularly, the form of sheath 94 is thin rectangular shape feeromagnetic metal sheet preferably, and how much wide its size is unlike relevant microfilament 20, and its plane can curve semicircle (perhaps, for ferrite, can be sintered into semicircle or other suitable shape).The Curie temperature of sheath 94 is through careful selection, when making in making up the alternating magnetic field that microfilament 92 is in detecting device 46, only when combination microfilament 92 is in a temperature of (or approaching more than a certain fixed temperature of Curie temperature) more than the Curie temperature of sheath 94, relevant microfilament 20 just can produce its signal disturbance (having produced thus, the remagnetize pulse of voltage).Sheath 94 only needs several micron thickness, perhaps just as the saturated required so thick of relevant microfilament 20 and be convenient to make required so thick of microfilament 20.Alloy or ferrite in conjunction with the described same type of second embodiment can be used to make sheath 94.In addition, magnetic China ink (having used ferromagnetic powder or ferrite powder) also is suitable, and its advantage is to print being used to make up on the supporting substrate of microfilament 92.
With reference to Fig. 8, show temperature sensor 96, except having substituted the compound microfilament 66 with combination microfilament 92, it and sensor 64 are all just the same aspect all.Correspondingly, be used among Fig. 8 representing duplicate parts from the identical label of Fig. 6, and usage flag " a " is distinguished combination microfilament 92 and compound microfilament 66.
The operation of the operation of sensor 96 and sensor 64 is just the same, and has utilized similar detecting device 46, and this detecting device 46 has the suitable decoding algorithm (preferably, being enquiry form) that is associated with sensor 96.Correspondingly, the detailed description of this operation is unnecessary.
Other embodiment within above-mentioned three embodiments and the scope of the present invention can change aspect different many.For example, Fig. 4 A has described to help the alternate arrangements mode that some product is used.Specifically, in Fig. 4 A, provide sensor 26a, wherein microfilament data element 40 adheres to the first object 44a, and remaining data microfilament 38 and temperature detection microfilament 28-34 and optional biasing element 41 all are adhered on the second object 44b.The position logical and sensor 26 of sensor 26a is just the same, this means, even each parts of sensor 26a are separated on object 44a and the 44b, whole sensor 26a just works in all sensor elements all are in the alternating magnetic field that detecting device 46 produced the time.If this condition does not exist, then can not carry out reading of success with detecting device 46.For example, this structure only can be used to control when the detecting device of well heater detects two parts (detecting two object 44a and 44b thus) of sensor just with well heater two-process that the part object heats, and correspondingly prevent any heating operation, unless two parts of sensor all exist and all are among the magnetic field of detecting device 46.In this case, this well heater control will be coupled to the signal processing unit 54 of detecting device 46 usually.
Certainly, when having more than two objects, also can use this identical design concept.In addition, can use more ripe data-encoding scheme (such as above-mentioned those), the one or more sheets that are complementary with it of whole sensor 26a are associated.This method can comprise: the coupling multidigit code with stopping data bit 38, carry out laser code to first data element 40.
Although described the alternatives of Fig. 4 A in conjunction with the sensor 26 of first embodiment, should be appreciated that if necessary, identical modification also can be applied to the sensor 64 and 96 of the second and the 3rd embodiment.
As the situation of the microfilament 20 of sensor 26, the microfilament that is used to constitute the part of sensor 64 and 96 can be engaged to object 44 or heat-conducting substrate (such as substrate 82) by using suitable bonding.In another alternatives, microfilament 20, compound microfilament 66 and/or combination microfilament 92 can be loaded in the Heat Conduction Material of extremely thin nonferromagnetic, such as the polymeric material that is filled with graphite moldable or that inject, the label of being sold such as SGL Carbon company is
Material family in a kind of material.Other available high-temperature material comprises that the label that Aremco company is sold is ceramic pouring material or other the flexible high temperature polymer of Ceramamcast 510.Using under the situation of these materials, it is minimum that the thickness of sheathing material and total thermal capacity should keep, and reaches minimum so that treat the heat lag between the core alloy material of object that its temperature is monitored and microfilament.
In addition, if suitable, the microfilament in the described embodiment can be twisted into line or be woven into and will carry out among the structure of object of monitoring temperature it.For example, these microfilaments can be woven in the carbon fiber cloth, as long as it is just passable to keep good thermo-contact, and uses the suitable technique means that each temperature-variation element is distinguished from each other out and the data element (comprising position of rest) that they and each clear sign are crossed is distinguished.
The closed loop feedback system that is used for firing equipment
At United States Patent (USP) 6,320,169 and 6,953,919 described closed loop thermal are regulated in the heating system, and the detecting device that can use magnetic element temperature sensors of the present invention at an easy rate and be associated is with the RFID reader that substitutes the RFID label and be associated.Thus, serviceability temperature-adjusting magnetic element technology heating system just can be realized a large amount of heating application, and this system similarity is in the rfid system of prior art, but the RFID parts are substituted by sensor of the present invention and detector member.For example, according to the present invention, can make amendment: United States Patent (USP) 6,953, the intelligent kitchen range described in 919 to following; United States Patent (USP) 6,822,204 described hot distribution systems; United States Patent (USP) 6,504,135,6,444,961,6,274,856 and 6,232,585 described food delivery systems; And various warming-up devices, such as cup, bowl, awfully hot platter, plate, ski boots and United States Patent (USP) 5,594,984 described other objects.In addition, can be integrated into not be in the closed loop heating system of other type based on induction, such as closed loop thermal control infrared ray, halogen, resistive heating system to identical parts (sensor and detecting device).
With reference to Figure 11, closed loop heating system 98 comprises microfilament detecting device 46 (with reference to Figure 10), and microfilament detecting device 46 is merged in the induction heating equipment 100 to substitute the RFID reader.This equipment 100 comprises: control microprocessor 102, operationally be coupled to detecting device 46, solid-state phase inverter 104 and rectifier 106; And induction work coils 108, be coupled to phase inverter 104.AC power supplies 109 and current sensor 109a operationally are coupled to rectifier 106.Field generator and receiving coil 50,52 are integrated in the sensor element 110 of support component 112 belows.
If desired, microfilament sensor of the present invention and detecting device can be used to control the firing equipment of other type, such as halogen or electric resistance heater or gas-cooker or electric stove.
Mentioned each patent and the document of this paper all quoted at this as a reference.
Claims (29)
1. temperature sensor, be configured to the object thermo-contact so that the temperature of inspected object, described sensor comprises the sensor element of at least one easy magnetization, described sensor element can produce thermally sensitive remagnetize response under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, this remagnetize response is to be defined by at least one short detectable disturbance of magnetic field pulse, this disturbance of magnetic field pulse has the defined duration, the temperature correlation of this remagnetize response and described object and be lower than under at least one set-point temperature of 400 ℃ with on be different.
2. sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
A plurality of sensor elements are arranged, and some sensor element has the set-point temperature different with other sensor element at least.
3. sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described set-point temperature is the Curie temperature of sensor element.
4. sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
More than a plurality of different set-point temperature and below, described sensor element has different remagnetize response.
5. sensor as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that,
Described a plurality of different set-point temperature is below the Curie temperature of sensor element.
6. sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described sensor element comprises metallic object.
7. sensor as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that,
Described metallic object is an amorphous.
8. sensor as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that,
Described metallic object is a nanocrystal.
9. sensor as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that,
The form of described metallic object is silk or the thin band that elongates, and its cross-sectional dimension reaches 100 microns.
10. sensor as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that,
Described metallic object is to constitute by being selected from following alloy: based on the alloy of iron; Alloy based on cobalt; And their potpourri.
11. sensor as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that,
Described alloy contains chromium.
12. sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described sensor element comprises by the circumjacent metallic object of glass coating.
13. sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described sensor element comprises metallic object, this metallic object has coercive force, the relative permeability more than 20,000 less than 10A/m, be substantially zero or a little on the occasion of magnetostriction and very big Barkhausen's uncontinuity.
14. a method of temperature that is used for inspected object comprises the steps:
The laying temperature sensor makes itself and described object thermo-contact, described sensor comprises the sensor element of at least one easy magnetization, this sensor element can produce thermally sensitive remagnetize response under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, the temperature correlation of this remagnetize response and described object and be lower than under at least one set-point temperature of 400 ℃ with on be different;
At the enough big alternating magnetic field of the region generating of this sensor, to cause the remagnetize response of this sensor element; And
The thermally sensitive remagnetize response that detection is produced by described sensor element, and use detected response to determine that at least in part the temperature of this object is more than the temperature of set-point or following.
15. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that,
Described sensor has the sensor element of a plurality of easy magnetizations, each sensor element all has different remagnetize responses under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, and each remagnetize response is different below different set-point temperature, and uses different remagnetizes to respond to determine the temperature of described object.
16. method as claimed in claim 14 detects step and also comprises the steps:
Make the use receiving coil detect remagnetize response and generation and detected remagnetize and respond corresponding output signal.
17. method as claimed in claim 16 also comprises the steps:
Use the show up signal processing unit of receiving coil of operationally coupling, receive output signal and therefrom determine about temperature of this object at least.
18. method as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that,
Described different set-point successively from minimum set-point or the set-point scope to the highest set-point or the set-point scope.
19. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that,
Described sensor element comprises metallic object, and described set-point temperature is exactly the Curie temperature of described metallic object.
20. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that,
Described object comprises a pair of parts, and this is designed to be in close proximity to each other to form this object to parts, and this is heatable to one of parts, and described method also comprises the steps:
Place described temperature sensor and make itself and heatable parts thermo-contact, and make another parts and magnetic field-response data element associated, this magnetic field-response data element is relevant with described temperature sensor, only makes the correct temperature that just may determine described temperature sensor when temperature sensor and data element are in the alternating magnetic field that is produced simultaneously.
21. method as claimed in claim 20 is characterized in that,
Described data element comprises at least one microfilament, and described microfilament comprises the metallic object of elongation, and described metallic object has the remagnetize response under the influence of the alternating magnetic field that is produced, and described method comprises the steps:
Detect the remagnetize response of described data element and the remagnetize response of described temperature sensor.
22. method as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that,
More than a plurality of different set-point temperature and below, described sensor element has a plurality of remagnetizes response, detects step and comprises the steps:
Detect at least some in a plurality of remagnetize responses; And
Use detected remagnetize to respond to determine the temperature of this object.
23. method as claimed in claim 22 is characterized in that,
Described a plurality of different set-point temperature is below the Curie temperature of sensor element.
24. method as claimed in claim 22 determines that the step of the temperature of object also comprises the steps:
In a temperature range, determine this temperature.
25. one kind is used for system that object is heated, comprises:
Temperature sensor, described temperature sensor is designed to described object thermo-contact and can be used for the temperature of inspected object, described sensor comprises the sensor element of at least one easy magnetization, this sensor element can produce thermally sensitive remagnetize response under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, the temperature correlation of described remagnetize response and described object and below the temperature of set-point with more than be different;
Be used for device that described object is heated;
Detecting device, it comprises and can be used for producing the equipment of alternating magnetic field and can be used for detecting the thermally sensitive remagnetize response that produced by described at least one sensor element and generation and detected remagnetize respond the equipment of output signal related; And
Controller, described controller are coupled to detecting device and heating arrangement and can receive described output signal and control the operation of heating arrangement according to described output signal.
26. system as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that,
Described heating arrangement comprises the induction heating unit.
27. method by using the described system of claim 25 that object is heated.
28. a system that is used for the temperature of Measuring Object comprises:
Temperature sensor, described temperature sensor is designed to described object thermo-contact and can be used for the temperature of inspected object, described sensor comprises the sensor element of at least one easy magnetization, this sensor element can produce thermally sensitive remagnetize response under the influence of added alternating magnetic field, the temperature correlation of described remagnetize response and described object and below the temperature of set-point with more than be different; And
Reader/detecting device, it comprises and can be used for producing the equipment of alternating magnetic field and can be used for detecting the thermally sensitive remagnetize response that produced by described sensor element and generation and detected remagnetize respond the equipment of output signal related.
29. one kind by using the described system of claim 28 to monitor the method for temperature of object.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
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| US79859106P | 2006-05-09 | 2006-05-09 | |
| US60/798,591 | 2006-05-09 | ||
| US81838506P | 2006-07-05 | 2006-07-05 | |
| US60/818,385 | 2006-07-05 | ||
| US83644806P | 2006-08-09 | 2006-08-09 | |
| US60/836,448 | 2006-08-09 | ||
| US11/619,066 US7794142B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-01-02 | Magnetic element temperature sensors |
| US11/619,066 | 2007-01-02 | ||
| PCT/US2007/060032 WO2007133813A2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2007-01-03 | Magnetic element temperature sensors |
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| CN101484785A CN101484785A (en) | 2009-07-15 |
| CN101484785B true CN101484785B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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