CN101284818B - (e)-1-(4-((1r,2s,3r)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1h-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟的固体形式 - Google Patents
(e)-1-(4-((1r,2s,3r)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1h-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟的固体形式 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101284818B CN101284818B CN2008100870964A CN200810087096A CN101284818B CN 101284818 B CN101284818 B CN 101284818B CN 2008100870964 A CN2008100870964 A CN 2008100870964A CN 200810087096 A CN200810087096 A CN 200810087096A CN 101284818 B CN101284818 B CN 101284818B
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- imidazoles
- ethyl ketone
- ketone oxime
- tetrahydroxy butyl
- duohydrate
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Abstract
本发明公开了(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟的固体形式,包含其的组合物,及其用法。
Description
本申请要求2007年4月12日提交的美国临时申请60/923,037的优先权,其作为参考被全文并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟的固体形式,及其它们用于治疗、预防和应对各种疾病和病症的方法。
背景技术
1-磷酸鞘氨醇(S1P)是对多种器官系统具有强力影响的生物活性分子。Saba,J.D.和Hla,T.Circ.Res.94:724-734(2004)。尽管一些人相信该化合物是胞内第二信使,但是其作用方式仍是争论的主题。出处同前。实际上,甚至对其代谢也缺乏了解。Hla,T.,Science309:1682-3(2005)。目前研究人员相信S1P通过鞘氨醇的磷酸化作用形成,通过脱磷酸作用或裂解被降解。据报道,其裂解成为磷酸乙醇胺和长链醛是通过S1P裂解酶催化进行的。出处同前;Pyne & Pyne,Biochem J.349:385-402(2000)。
1-磷酸鞘氨醇是集中在内质网膜内的维生素B6依赖性酶。VanVeldhoven和Mannaerts,J.Biol.Chem.266:12502-12507(1991);VanVeldhoven和Mannaerts,Adv.Lipid Res.26:69(1993)。在PCT专利申请WO 99/16888中描述了人SP1裂解酶及其基因产物的多核苷酸和氨基酸序列。
最近,Schwab和coworkers作出结论,焦糖色III组分,即2-乙酰基-4-四羟基丁基咪唑(THI),当对小鼠施用时抑制S1P裂解酶活性。Schwab,S.等人,Science 309:1735-1739(2005)。而另外一些人假设THI通过不同的机制发挥其作用(例如参见,Pyne,S.G.,ACGC Chem. Res.Comm.11:108-112(2000)),显然对大鼠和小鼠给予该化合物诱导淋巴细胞减少并引起胸腺内成熟T细胞积聚。例如参见,Schwab,出处同前;Pyne,S.G.,ACGC Chem.Res.Comm.11:108-112(2000);Gugsyan,R.,等人,Immunology 93(3):398-404(1998);Halweg,K.M.和Büchi,G.,J.Org.Chem.50:1134-1136(1985);授权给Kroeplien和Rosdorfer的美国专利4,567,194。但是仍然没有在除了小鼠和大鼠的其它动物中具有免疫学作用的THI的已知报导。尽管美国专利4,567,194宣称THI和一些相关化合物可用作免疫抑制药,但是在人中对该化合物的研究没有发现免疫学作用。参见Thuvander,A.和Oskarsson,A.,Fd.Chem.Toxic.32(1):7-13(1994);Houben,G.F.,等人,Fd.Chem.Toxic.30(9):749-757(1992)。
新近,报导了化合物(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟影响1-磷酸鞘氨醇途径。参见Augeri等人于2007年1月25日提交的美国专利申请11/698,253。据信该化合物可用于治疗诸如类风湿性关节炎和I型糖尿病的疾病。
在开发药用化合物中,研究人员认识到,同一化合物的不同固体形式可具有本质上不同的性质。例如,无定形药物与其结晶形式相比可表现出不同的溶出特性和不同的生物利用度,这些性质可影响药物必须怎样给用才能实现最佳效果。无定形和结晶形式的药物还可具有不同的操作性质(例如流动性、压缩性)、溶出速率、溶解性和稳定性,所有这些可影响剂型的生产。因此,由于种种原因需要获得药物的多种形式。另外,管理当局(例如美国食品与药物管理局(the U.S.Food andDrug Administration))在批准含有该药物的产品之前可能要求确认新药的所有固体(例如多晶型)形式。A.Goho,Science News166(8):122-123(2004)。
化合物可以一种或多种结晶形式存在,但是这些形式的存在和表征不能准确预测。另外,不存在制备化合物的所有可能的多晶型形式的标准规程。并且甚至在已经确认一种多晶型物之后,只能通过另外的试验确定其它形式的存在和表征。出处同前。
发明内容
本发明部分地涉及新型的(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟及其水合物的固体形式:
固体形式包括无定形和结晶形式。
本发明还涉及包括该固体形式的剂型,和它们用于应对、治疗和预防各种疾病和病症的方法。
附图说明
可参考以下附图理解本发明的某些方面。
图1提供了无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟的结晶形式的X射线粉末衍射光谱。该光谱使用VANTEC-1检波器,在使用铜Kα射线的Bruker D8 Advance system系统上获得,范围在2-50°2θ,步长0.017°2θ,每步时间103s。
图2提供了无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟的结晶形式的拉曼光谱。该光谱在使用用于激发的1064nm Nd:YAG激光器(10mW)和锗检测器的Bruker RFS100分光光度计上获得。该光谱的测量范围为3500-25cm-1,分辨率为2cm-1。
图3提供了(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟二水合物的结晶形式的X射线粉末衍射光谱。该光谱使用VANTEC-1检测器,在使用铜Kα射线的Bruker D8 Advance system系统上获得,测量范围2-50°2θ,步长为0.017°2θ,每步时间为103s。
图4提供了(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟二水合物的结晶形式的拉曼光谱。该光谱在使用用于激发的1064nm Nd:YAG激光器(10mW)和锗检测器的Bruker RFS100分光光度计上获得。该光谱的测量范围为3500-25cm-1,分辨率为2cm-1。
图5提供了从(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟二水合物的单晶获得的晶体结构的分子视图。非氢原子的各向异性原子位移椭圆面以50%概率度显示,氢原子在任意的小半径上显现。
图6提供了典型的流式细胞术(FACS)点状图,其表示媒介物对照(VC)、(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟(化合物1)、和THI对胸腺T细胞组成(CD4+和CD8+)的影响,和所有小鼠的平均值/Sd(n=3)。
图7提供了典型的FACS点状图,其表示媒介物对照(VC)、(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟(化合物1)、和THI对小鼠CD4+细胞的子集(新近胸腺迁出细胞)的影响。
图8提供了典型的FACS点状图,其表示媒介物对照(VC)、(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟(化合物1)、和THI对小鼠CD8+细胞的子集(新近胸腺迁出细胞)的影响。
图9表示媒介物对照、THI、(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟(化合物1)、和1-(4-甲基-5-((1S,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)噻唑-2-基)乙酮(化合物2)对小鼠全血计数的影响。
图10表示单一口服剂量给药的(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟对小鼠中胶原蛋白诱导的关节炎的影响。
图11表示单一口服剂量给药的(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟对恒河猴的白细胞和淋巴细胞计数的影响。
具体实施方式
本发明部分地涉及新型的(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟的固体形式,其是循环淋巴细胞的强力抑制剂。
1.定义
除非另有说明,术语“应对”包括预防已经患有疾病或病症的患者中的特定疾病或病症的再发生,和/或延长已经患有疾病或病症的患者的缓解时间。该术语包括调节疾病或病症的阈值、发展和/或持续时间,或改变患者对疾病或病症应答的方式。
除非另有说明,术语“预防”包括在患者开始患有特定疾病或病症之前发生的行为,该行为抑制或减轻疾病或病症的严重性。换句话说,该术语包括防病。
除非另有说明,化合物的“预防有效量”是足以预防疾病或病况、或与该疾病或病况有关的一种或多种症状、或防止其再发生的量。预防有效量的化合物是指一定量的治疗剂(其单独或与其它药物组合),在疾病的预防中提供预防性益处。术语“预防有效量”可包括改善总体防病或增强其它预防性药物的预防性效力的量。
除非另有说明,“基本上无定形”的固体基本上不含结晶化合物。基本上无定形的固体化合物的例子含有低于约20、15、10、5、3、或1重量%的结晶化合物。
除非另有说明,“基本上结晶”的固体基本上不含无定形化合物。基本上结晶的固体化合物的例子含有低于约20、15、10、5、3、或1重量%的无定形化合物。
除非另有说明,化合物的“治疗有效量”是在疾病或病况的治疗或应对中足以提供治疗益处,或足以延迟与该疾病或病况有关的一种或多种症状或使其最小化的量。治疗有效量的化合物是指一定量的治疗剂(其单独或与其它药物组合),在疾病或病况的治疗或应对中提供治疗益处。术语“治疗有效量”可包括改善全面治疗、减少或避免疾病或病况的症状或病因、或增强其它治疗剂的治疗效力的量。
除非另有说明,术语“包括”与“包括但不限于”具有相同含义,同样地,术语“诸如”与“诸如但不限于”具有相同含义。
除非另有说明,紧挨着一系列名词之前的一个或多个形容词被认为适用于每一个名词。例如,术语“任选被取代的烷基、芳基或杂芳基”与“任选被取代的烷基、任选被取代的芳基、或任选被取代的杂芳基”具有相同含义。
应当注意到,构成较大化合物的一部分的化学部分在本文中可使用当其作为单个分子存在时通常采用的名称或当其作为取代基时通常采用的名称进行描述。例如,术语“吡啶”和“吡啶基”当用于描述与其它化学部分结合的部分时具有相同含义。因此,两个词语“XOH,其中X是吡啶基”和“XOH,其中X是吡啶”具有相同含义,并且包括吡啶-2-醇、吡啶-3-醇和吡啶-4-醇。
也应注意,如果某一结构或某一结构的一部分的立体化学没有用例如粗体线或虚线表示时,则该结构或该结构的一部分可被解释为包括该结构的所有立体异构体。另外,图中显示的具有不饱和原子价的任何原子被假设为与足够的氢原子结合从而满足原子价。另外,用与一条虚线平行的一条实线描述的化学键,如果原子价允许的话,包括单键和双键(例如芳族)。
固体形式
本发明包括(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟的固体形式。
本发明的一个实施方案包括无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟。在特定实施方案中,化合物是无定形形式。在另一个实施方案中,化合物是结晶形式。特定的结晶形式提供了在约4.7、8.2、12.5、17.1、19.9、20.8、29.3、32.0、和/或33.1°2θ具有峰的X射线粉末衍射(XRPD)图形。本领域的技术人员充分了解XRPD图形的相对强度可根据样品制备方式和数据收集方式的不同而改变。怀着这个目的,在图1中提供了该结晶形式的XRPD图形的例子。在图2中提供了该结晶形式的拉曼光谱的例子。
本发明的另一实施方案包括(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟—水合物。在特定的实施方案中,化合物是无定形形式。在另一个实施方案中,化合物是结晶形式。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量的特定结晶形式的熔点为约153℃(宽峰)。
本发明的另一实施方案包括(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟二水合物。在特定的实施方案中,化合物是无定形形式。在另一个实施方案中,化合物是结晶形式。特定形式提供了在约12.5、14.1、16.9、20.4、25.2、和/或27.0°2θ具有峰的XRPD图形。在图3中提供了该结晶形式的XRPD图形的例子。在图4中提供了该结晶形式的拉曼光谱的例子。
本发明包括本文公开的化合物的结晶和无定形形式的混合物(例如,混合物含有低于约50、40、30、20、10、5或1重量%的无定形物质)。本发明还包括无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟、其一水合物和二水合物的混合物(例如,混合物含有低于约50、40、30、20、10、5或1重量%的无水、一水合物或二水合物)。
使用方法
本发明包括调节(例如增加)有需要的患者(例如小鼠、大鼠、狗、猫或人)中S1P的量的方法,该方法包括对患者给用有效量的本发明的化合物(即本文公开的化合物)。
另一个实施方案包括减少患者血液中T细胞数目的方法,该方法包括对患者给用有效量的本发明的化合物。
另一个实施方案包括治疗、应对或预防受S1P水平影响(或具有受S1P水平影响的症状)的疾病的方法,该方法包括对有需要的患者给用治疗或预防有效量的本发明的化合物。
另一个实施方案包括抑制患者的免疫应答的方法,该方法包括对患者给用有效量的本发明的化合物。
另一个实施方案包括治疗、应对或预防自身免疫性或炎性疾病或病症的方法,该方法包括对有需要的患者给用治疗或预防有效量的本发明的化合物。疾病和病症的例子包括强直性脊椎炎、哮喘(例如支气管哮喘)、特应性皮炎、贝赫切特病、移植抗宿主病、川崎综合征、红斑狼疮、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、花粉症、牛皮癣、牛皮癣性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、硬皮病、移植排斥(例如器官、细胞或骨髓的移植排斥)、1型糖尿病、和葡萄膜炎。
其它的疾病和病症包括阿狄森氏病、抗磷脂综合征、自身免疫性萎缩性胃炎、自身免疫性胃酸缺乏(achlorhydria autoimmune)、乳糜泻、克隆病、库欣综合征、皮肌炎、古德帕斯丘综合征、格雷夫斯病、桥本甲状腺炎、特发性肾上腺萎缩、特发性血小板减少、兰-伊综合征、类天疱疮、寻常天疱疮、恶性贫血、结节性多动脉炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬变、原发性硬化性胆管炎、雷诺病、莱特尔综合征、复发性多软骨炎、施密特综合征、舍格伦综合征、交感性眼炎、高安动脉炎、颞动脉炎、甲状腺毒症、溃疡性结肠炎、和韦格纳肉芽肿病。
化合物的量、给药途径和按剂量给药方案将根据各种因素而定,如待治疗、预防或应对的特定适应症、患者的年龄、性别和状况。这些因素所起的作用是本领域公知的,并且可通过常规试验进行调整。在特定的实施方案,对人患者给用的化合物的量为约0.5、1、2.5或5mpk。
药物制剂
本发明包括含本发明的一种或多种化合物的药物组合物。某些药物组合物是适于对患者经口、粘膜(例如经鼻、舌下、阴道、面颊、或直肠)、非肠道(例如皮下、静脉内、快速浓注、肌内或动脉内)或透皮给药的单一单位剂型。剂型的例子包括但是不限于:片剂;薄膜衣片(caplet);胶囊,如软弹性明胶胶囊;扁囊剂;锭剂(troche);菱形剂;分散剂;栓剂;膏剂;泥罨剂(泥剂);糊剂;粉剂;敷料;霜剂;膏药;溶液剂;贴片;气雾剂(例如鼻喷入剂或吸入剂);凝胶剂;适于对患者经口或粘膜给药的液体剂型,包括悬浮剂(例如水性或非水性液体悬浮剂,水包油乳剂,或油包水液体乳剂),溶液剂,和酏剂;适于对患者非肠道给药的液体剂型;和可重新构建以提供适于对患者非肠道给药的液体剂型的无菌固体(例如结晶或无定形固体)。
制剂应该适合给药方式。例如,口服给药要求肠溶衣以避免本发明化合物在胃肠道内降解。类似地,制剂可含有促进活性成分向起效部位递送的成分。例如,化合物可以脂质体制剂形式给予,目的是避免它们被降解酶降解,促进在循环系统内的转运,和实现穿过细胞膜到达胞内部位的递送。
剂型的组成、形状和类型将根据起用途而定。例如,在紧急治疗疾病中使用的剂型,与该疾病长期治疗中使用的剂型相比,可含有更大量的一种或多种活性成分。同样地,非肠道剂型,与治疗该疾病所使用的口服剂型相比,可包含更少量的一种或多种活性成分。本发明所包括的特定剂型彼此有差异的这些和其它方式对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的。例如参见,Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18th ed.,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1990)。
口服剂型
适于口服给药的本发明的药物组合物的存在形式可以是离散剂型,诸如但不限于片剂(例如咀嚼片)、薄膜衣片、胶囊、和液体剂(例如调味糖浆剂)。这些剂型含有预定量的活性成分,并且可通过本领域技术人员公知的药学方法制备。例如参见,Remington’s PharmaceuticalSciences,18th ed.,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1990)。
典型的口服剂型通过将活性成分与至少一种赋形剂根据常规的制药技术密切混合制备。赋形剂根据用于给药所需的制剂形式的不同可采取不同形式。
因为片剂和胶囊的易于给用,它们代表了最有利的口服剂量单位形式。如果需要,可通过标准的水性或非水性技术对片剂包衣。这些剂型可通过常规的制药方法制备。通常,药物组合物和剂型可通过使活性成分均一地和密切地与液体载体、细粉形式的固体载体、或两者结合,然后如有必要使产品成形为所需形式而制备。可将崩解剂结合进固体剂型内以促进迅速的溶出。还可结合润滑剂以促进剂型(例如片剂)的生产。
非肠道剂型
非肠道剂型可通过各种途径对患者给药,所述途径包括但不限于皮下、静脉内(包括快速浓注)、肌内和动脉内途径。因为非肠道剂型的给药通常绕过患者对抗外来物质的天然屏障,因此非肠道剂型特别是无菌的或能够在对患者给用之前进行灭菌处理。非肠道剂型的例子包括但是不限于准备好用于注射剂的溶液剂、准备溶解在或悬浮在注射用的可药用媒介物中的干燥产品、准备好用于注射的悬浮剂、和乳剂。
可用于获得本发明的非肠道剂型的适当的媒介物是本领域技术人员公知的。例子包括但是不限于:USP注射用水;水性媒介物,诸如但不限于氯化钠注射液、林格注射液(Ringer’s Injection)、葡萄糖注射液、葡萄糖和氯化钠注射液、以及乳酸化林格注射液;可与水混溶的媒介物,诸如但不限于乙醇、聚乙二醇、和聚丙二醇;以及非水性媒介物,诸如但不限于玉米油、棉子油、花生油、芝麻油、油酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、和苯甲酸苄酯。
透皮、局部和经粘膜剂型
透皮、局部和经粘膜剂型包括但不限于眼用溶液剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂、霜剂、洗液、膏剂、凝胶剂、溶液剂、乳剂、悬浮剂,或本领域技术人员公知的其它形式。例如参见,Remington’s PharmaceuticalSciences,16th and 18th eds.,Mack Publishing,Easton PA(1980 & 1990);和Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,4th ed.,Lea & Febiger,Philadelphia(1985)。透皮剂型包括“储库型”或“基质型”贴片,起可施用于皮肤并佩戴特定时间,从而可渗透释放希望量的活性成分。
可用于获得透皮、局部和经粘膜剂型的适当的赋形剂(例如载体和稀释剂)和其它材料是制药领域技术人员公知的,并且根据所给出的药物组合物或剂型要施用的特定组织的不同而不同。
根据待治疗的特定组织的不同,可在使用本发明的活性成分治疗之前、同时、或之后使用其它组分。例如,可使用渗透增强剂来帮助递送活性成分到组织。
还可调节药物组合物或剂型的pH,或药物组合物或剂型所施用组织的pH以改善一种或多种活性成分的递送。同样地,可调节溶剂载体的极性、其离子强度、或张力以改善递送。还可向药物组合物或剂型中添加化合物如硬脂酸盐,从而有利地改变一种或多种活性成分的亲水性或亲油性以便改善递送。在这点上,硬脂酸盐可作用制剂的脂质媒介物,作为乳化剂或表面活性剂,并且作为递送增强剂或渗透增强剂。可使用活性成分的不同的盐、水合物或溶剂化物以进一步调节得到的组合物的性质。
实施例
可从以下实施例了解本发明的各方面,其对本发明的范围不构成限制。
实施例1:结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物的制备
向配备有机械搅拌器、温度控制器和冷凝器的3L三口圆底烧瓶中加入1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮(100.0g,434.4mmol)、羟胺盐酸盐(45.2g,1.5当量)、乙酸钠(53.4g,1.5当量)和甲醇(HPLC级,1.0L,10X)。上述溶液在65℃搅拌加热2小时。
然后在15分钟内向混合物中添加在异丙醇中的HCl溶液(通过在0℃将92.7ml AcCl慢慢加入到200ml异丙醇中新制备的),得到的混合物在65℃搅拌3小时。将混合物用MeOH(1.0L,10X)稀释,并冷却到室温,过滤除去沉淀的氯化钠,固体用甲醇洗涤(100ml,1X),溶液在40℃真空浓缩直到开始形成固体(~200ml)。然后添加水(1.0L,10X),在40℃真空除去残余的有机溶剂。进行简单(polish)过滤得到透明的黄色溶液。在室温下向该溶液中慢慢地添加50%的NaOH水溶液,使得混合物的温度不超过40℃,直到pH达到7.2(7.0-7.5)。然后将得到的溶液加热到65℃形成均一溶液,在65℃(60-70℃)真空浓缩直到溶液达到~500ml(5X)的总体积。然后将混合物慢慢地冷却到室温,在0℃搅拌1小时,过滤收集固体,用水洗涤(0℃,100ml,1X x2),得到白色结晶固体。
向上述的湿固体中添加水(400ml),得到的混合物在70-80℃加热直到溶解。将溶液冷却到室温然后在0℃搅拌1小时,过滤收集固体,并用水洗涤(0℃,100ml,1X x2),然后在30℃真空干燥过夜,得到99.4g的标题化合物。
实施例2:无水结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟的制备
将实施例1的固体与EtOH成淤浆(800ml,8X),并在75℃加热1小时,将得到的混合物冷却到0℃并在0℃搅拌1小时,过滤收集白色固体,用乙醇洗涤(0℃,100ml,1X,x2),在50℃真空干燥至恒重,得到标题化合物。
实施例3:结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟一水合物的制备
通过将得自实施例1的结晶二水合物在50℃真空干燥约2天得到标题化合物。
实施例4:(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物的单晶结构
使用具有细焦密封管MoKα作为辐射源的SMART 1K CCD区域检测器获得(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物的单晶结构。使用SHELXS-97(Sheldrick,1990)软件,并使用SHELXL-97(Sheldrick,1997)作为修订程序获得结构溶液。修正技术是对F2的全矩阵最小二乘法(full-matrix least-squares)。对F2的拟合优度为1.037。
单晶形式表现出的特征列于下表1中。
表1.样品和结晶数据
图5提供了得自晶体结构的化合物的分子视图。关于图5,在表2中提供了选择键长,在表3中提供了选择键角。
表3.选择键角(°)
实施例5:在小鼠中测量对淋巴细胞的影响
通过经口管饲法或在饮用水中的方式给用化合物。对于口服给药实验,将结晶以10mg/ml悬浮在媒介物(例如水)中使化合物悬浮。用单一剂量100mg/kg的化合物(相当于每种化合物的100mpk的游离碱)和仅仅含媒介物的对照对小鼠(129/B6株的杂交第一代)进行管饲,然后送返回它们的笼子中。在剂量给药之后18小时使用异氟烷将小鼠麻醉,收集组织用于如下所述的分析。关于饮用水研究试验,以50mg/L将化合物溶解在含10g/L葡萄糖的酸化水(pH=2.8)中。使小鼠自由摄取含化合物的水(或作为对照的葡萄糖溶液)达72小时。在72小时末,收集组织用于分析。
如下获得CBC测量数据。使用异氟烷将小鼠麻醉,从眼眶后丛收集血液进入EDTA血液收集管(Capiject-MQK,Terumo Medical Corp.,Elkton,MD)。使用Cell-Dyn 3500(Abbott Diagnostics,Abbott Park,IL)或HemaVet 850(Drew Scientific,Inc.,Oxford,CT)仪器进行自动CBC分析。
如下获得流式细胞术(FACS)测量数据。通过低渗休克将25μl的全血进行溶胞,在2ml的FACS洗涤缓冲液(FWB:PBS/0.1% BSA/0.1%NaN3/2mM EDTA)中洗涤一次,并在黑暗中使用在50μl FWB中稀释的与荧光染料结合的抗体的组合在4℃染色30分钟。染色后,用2ml的FWB洗涤细胞一次,然后将细胞悬浮在300μl FWB中用于收获。
进行脾和胸腺的非无菌摘除的标准程序。通过使组织强迫通过70μm细胞过滤器(Falcon,Becton Dickinson Labware,Bedford,MA)将器官分散为单细胞悬浮液中。对于FACS分析,通过低渗溶胞对RBC进行溶胞,洗涤,使用10μl 抗-CD16/CD32(Fc BlockTM,BD-PharMingen,San Diego,CA)(在FWB中以1/10稀释)在4℃培养1×106细胞达15分钟。使用在50-100μl FWB中稀释的与荧光染料结合的抗体的组合直接加入到在Fc Block中的细胞上对细胞染色,在黑暗中在4℃染色30分钟。染色后将细胞用1ml的FWB洗涤一次,并将细胞再悬浮在300μl的FWB中用于收获。除非另作说明,否则所有的抗体购自BD-PharMingen,San Diego,CA。使用FACSCalibur流式细胞仪和CellQuest Pro软件软件(Becton Dickinson ImmunocytometrySystems,San Jose,CA)分析样品。
用于胸腺的抗体混合物是:TCRb APC Cy7;CD4 APC;CD8PerCP;CD69 FITC;和CD62L PEl。用于脾和血液的抗体混合物是:B220 PerCP;TCRb APC;CD4 APC Cy7;CD8 PE Cy7;CD69 FITC;和CD62L PE。
实施例6:测量在小鼠中对S1P水平的影响
使用由Murata,N.,等人在Anal.Biochem.282:115-120(2000)中描述的放射受体结合试验的改进法测量小鼠(129/B6株的杂交第一代)脾中的S1P水平。该方法采用了过度表达Edg-1(一种S1P受体亚型)的HEK293F细胞,并基于在给定样品中标记S1P与未标记S1P的竞争。
用pEFneo S1P受体(Edg-1)-表达载体转染HEK293F细胞,并选择G418抗性细胞克隆。在湿润的空气∶CO2(19∶1)气氛中在含5%(v/v)FBS的DMEM中在12个微孔板(multiplates)上培养表达Edg-1的HEK293F细胞。在实验前24小时,将培养基改成含有0.1%(w/v)BSA的新鲜DMEM(不含血清)。
给予受试化合物之后十八小时,处死小鼠,取出它们的脾并冷冻。使用已知的方法从冷冻组织获得S1P。例如参见,Yatomi,Y.,等人,FEBS Lett.404:173-174(1997)。具体地,在冰上,以1分钟为间隔,将在1ml的用冰冷却的50mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.5)(含有1mM EGTA、1mM DTT和Roche完全蛋白酶抑制剂)中的10个小鼠脾均化三次。将所得物质以2500rpm在4℃离心10分钟以除去细胞碎片。然后将上清液以45000rpm在4℃在70Ti旋转器中超离心1小时,以除去与膜结合的蛋白质。弃去上清液,将沉淀再悬浮在最小体积(~1ml)的用冰冷却的50mM磷酸盐缓冲液(pH 7.5)(含有1mM EGTA、1mM DTT和33%甘油,并存在Roche完全蛋白酶抑制剂)中。使用Bradford测定法测量总蛋白质浓度。
将S1P提取到氯仿/KCl/NH4OH(pH~12)中,保留上面的水相。然后在氯仿/甲醇/HCl(pH<1)中提取,保留下层的有机相并蒸发得到S1P,其在使用前冷冻保存。临到试验之前,通过超声处理将干燥样品溶解在结合剂缓冲液中,该缓冲液由20mM Tris-HCl(pH 7.5)、100mMNaCl、15mM NaF和0.4%(w/v)BSA组成。
通过放射受体-结合试验,在Edg-1表达细胞上,基于样品中[33P]S1P与S1P的竞争性结合,测量样品的S1P含量。采用用冰冷却的结合缓冲液将铺满的12个微孔板中的Edg-1表达HEK293F细胞洗涤两次,然后使用含有1nM[33P]S1P(每孔约18,00dpm)和增加剂量的可靠S1P或者试样的最终体积为0.4ml的相同缓冲液培养。将板在冰上保留30分钟,使用相同的用冰冷却的结合缓冲液洗涤细胞两次以除去未结合的配体。使用由0.1%SDS、0.4%NaOH和2%Na2CO3组成的溶液使细胞增溶,通过液体闪烁计数器计数放射性。通过从标准位移曲线外推推定试验孔中的S1P含量。通过将标准曲线获得的值乘以S1P提取回收率和稀释因子来计算初始试验样品中的S1P含量。
实施例7:对小鼠中的淋巴细胞的影响
使用上面描述的方法,确定各种化合物的体内效果。如图6-8所示,当在饮用水中对小鼠(129/B6株的杂交第一代)给予时,THI和(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟(化合物1)都减少淋巴细胞从胸腺溢出。
图9表示媒介物对照(饮用水)、THI、(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟(化合物1)、和1-(4-甲基-5-((1S,2R,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)噻唑-2-基)乙酮(化合物2)对全血计数的效果。有趣的是,没有观察到化合物2具有由Pyne(WO 97/46543)报告的体内效果。
实施例8:胶原蛋白诱导的关节炎模型
胶原蛋白诱导的关节炎(CIA)是广泛使用的类风湿性关节炎(RA)的模型,类风湿性关节炎是一种由自身免疫性和炎性过程引起的关节疾病。总地参见,Wooley P.H.等人,J.Immunol.135(4):2443-2451;A.Persidis,Nature Biotechnology 17:726-728;Current Protocols in Immunology(John Wiley & Son,Inc.1996)。早期研究确立了与某些H-2单模标本连接的CIA的反应序位。新近,Campbell和同事在C57BL/129sv(H-2b)小鼠中再次评价了CIA并发现C57B6背景由来的小鼠可以发展成CIA。Campbell I.K,et al.Eur.J.Immunol.30:1568-1575(2000)。
在本发明中,通过在4℃搅拌过夜,将注射用胶原蛋白,即,2mg/ml的小鸡胶原蛋白II型(CII)(Sigma)溶于10mM乙酸中。完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)在购买时是制好的(Sigma)。使用玻璃注射器,临在免疫注射前将CII在等体积CFA中乳化。为了对小鼠进行免疫注射,使用玻璃注射器和26G针,在尾巴根部对小鼠皮内注射CII/CFA乳液。每次注射使用CFA和在总体积50μl的CFA中的100μg的小鸡CII。在初次免疫注射之后2周通过相同途径强化免疫注射在CFA中乳化的100μg的CII。
注射胶原蛋白导致小鼠爪垫和关节肿胀,每2-3天检查小鼠的关节炎发病,其通过用卡钳测量后爪爪垫的厚度与视觉评价后腿受影响的关节相组合进行评价。在所述疾病初次发作后的10周跟踪CIA的进展,之后通过关节的组织学评价疾病。如果小鼠在II型胶原蛋白免疫注射150天内没有发展成CIA则认为它们是关节炎阴性的。
通过已确立的视觉评分系统测定小鼠有无关节炎。在小鼠CIA中,可影响到任一个爪或影响到四个爪。炎症在其最高峰时从踝延伸直至趾并且以极度肿胀和发红为特征。一旦出现关节炎,一周检查各爪2到3次。为了评价炎症的严重程度,使用了广泛采用的0到4分的视觉评分系统,其中0=正常,没有发红和肿胀;1=发红和轻微肿胀限于爪中部或踝关节或单个趾;2=发红和轻微肿胀延伸到踝和爪中部或者在超过一个趾内肿胀;3=发红和中度肿胀从踝延伸至跖骨关节;和4=发红和严重肿胀,包括踝、爪和趾。
实施例9:在胶原蛋白诱导的关节炎模型中的效果
在上述模型中使用30只小鼠(129/B6株的杂交第一代)测定(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟在CIA模型中的效果。将小鼠随机分成两个盲组,其接受0mpk(媒介物对照)或者100mpk的化合物。媒介物是无菌的蒸馏水。媒介物对照的剂量为10μl/g体重。
剂量给药为经口管饲每天一次。在CIA实验开始前三天开始,并延续整个试验。图10表示化合物对CIA随时间的效果,其中累积分数是前肢和踝得分的总和。
实施例10:在猴中的效果
通过Covance Research Products Inc.(Alice,TX)研究(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟在20只非本土雄性恒河猴中的作用。使用分别用数字标记的纹身确定每只动物。在剂量给药之前使动物适应约11天,在剂量给药时,认为动物是年轻的成年/适龄成年。
在适应和试验期间,将动物圈养在单独的笼子中,在剂量给药后的至少48小时不将动物搀和,从而监控任何与媒介物和受试物质有关的效果。动物可随意获取未认证的灵长类动物饮食,除了关于剂量给药而特意指出之外。在非禁食期间还酌情提供了水果和其它治疗。随意获取水。
受试化合物在环境条件(近似于室温)下避光保存在有干燥剂的密封容器中。在媒介物对照组中口服给用由Covance提供的蒸馏水。在给药当天制备试验所用的受试物质剂量制剂。对于每个组,称重适当量的受试物和适当体积的蒸馏水。
在剂量给予之前使所有动物禁食一夜并持续到剂量给予后大约4小时。根据剂量给予当天取得的体重计算个体剂量。
通过鼻胃插管给予口服剂量。在撤离管饲用管之前,用大约5ml的水冲刷管,对于血液学分析,收集每只动物剂量给用前(-7天),剂量给用前(-3天),和剂量给用后8、16、24、32和48小时的血液(大约0.5ml)。使用采血当天获得的新鲜样品进行全血血液学试验。
如图11所示,单一口服剂量的(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)乙酮肟在剂量给予后的32小时测量时,对猴子的白细胞和淋巴细胞计数具有显著影响。
上面引用的所有文献(例如专利和专利申请)作为参考以全文并入本文。
Claims (18)
1.结晶无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟,其具有的X射线粉末衍射光谱与图1所示的X射线粉末衍射光谱基本上相同。
2.权利要求1所述的结晶无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟,其具有的拉曼光谱与图2所示的拉曼光谱基本上相同。
3.结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物,其具有的X射线粉末衍射光谱与图3所示的X射线粉末衍射光谱基本上相同。
4.权利要求3所述的结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物,其具有的拉曼光谱与图4所示的拉曼光谱基本上相同。
5.权利要求3或4所述的结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物,其是三斜晶并占据P1空间群。
6.包括权利要求1或2所述的结晶无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟和可药用赋形剂的组合物。
7.包括权利要求3-5任一项所述的结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物和可药用赋形剂的组合物。
8.包括权利要求1或2所述的结晶无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟的单一单位剂型。
9.包括权利要求3-5任一项所述的结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物的单一单位剂型。
10.有效量的权利要求1或2所述的结晶无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟用于制备减少患者的循环淋巴细胞数目的药物的应用。
11.有效量的权利要求3-5任一项所述的结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物用于制备减少患者的循环淋巴细胞数目的药物的应用。
12.有效量的权利要求1或2所述的结晶无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟用于制备调节患者的S1P量的药物的应用。
13.有效量的权利要求3-5任一项所述的结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物用于制备调节患者的S1P量的药物的应用。
14.有效量的权利要求1或2所述的结晶无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟用于制备抑制患者免疫应答的药物的应用。
15.有效量的权利要求3-5任一项所述的结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物用于制备抑制患者免疫应答的药物的应用。
16.治疗或预防有效量的权利要求1或2所述的结晶无水(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟用于制备治疗、应对或预防自身免疫性或炎性疾病或病症的药物的应用。
17.治疗或预防有效量的权利要求3-5任一项所述的结晶(E)-1-(4-((1R,2S,3R)-1,2,3,4-四羟基丁基)-1H-咪唑-2-基)-乙酮肟二水合物用于制备治疗、应对或预防自身免疫性或炎性疾病或病症的药物的应用。
18.权利要求16或17的应用,其中自身免疫性或炎性疾病或病症是类风湿性关节炎、移植抗宿主病、I型糖尿病或葡萄膜炎。
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| TW200848029A (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2008-12-16 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc | Heterocyclic compounds, compositions comprising them and methods of their use |
| AR065980A1 (es) * | 2007-04-12 | 2009-07-15 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc | Metodos para preparar compuestos basados en imidazol |
| TW200920355A (en) * | 2007-09-06 | 2009-05-16 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc | Compositions and methods for treating immunological and inflammatory diseases and disorders |
| ES2401555T3 (es) * | 2008-06-18 | 2013-04-22 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Formas sólidas de (1R,2S,3R)-1-(2-(isoxazol-3-il)-1H-imidazol-4-il)butano-1,2,3,4-tetraol y métodos de utilización de las mismas |
| JP5645318B2 (ja) | 2010-02-18 | 2014-12-24 | 第一三共株式会社 | イミダゾール誘導体 |
| US9200309B2 (en) | 2010-06-28 | 2015-12-01 | Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited | Method for screening for S1P lyase inhibitors using cultured cells |
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| WO1997046543A1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-11 | The University Of Wollongong | Acetyl derivatives of thiazoles and analogues |
| CN101395141A (zh) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-03-25 | 莱西肯医药有限公司 | 咪唑基化合物,包含其的组合物和它们的使用方法 |
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| US4567194A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1986-01-28 | The Coca-Cola Company | 2-Acylimidazole compounds, their synthesis and use as medicinal agents |
| US7649098B2 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2010-01-19 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Imidazole-based compounds, compositions comprising them and methods of their use |
| AR065980A1 (es) * | 2007-04-12 | 2009-07-15 | Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc | Metodos para preparar compuestos basados en imidazol |
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| WO1997046543A1 (en) * | 1996-05-31 | 1997-12-11 | The University Of Wollongong | Acetyl derivatives of thiazoles and analogues |
| CN101395141A (zh) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-03-25 | 莱西肯医药有限公司 | 咪唑基化合物,包含其的组合物和它们的使用方法 |
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| JP5496080B2 (ja) | 2014-05-21 |
| CA2683963A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
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| US8658682B2 (en) | 2014-02-25 |
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| MX2009010904A (es) | 2009-10-26 |
| AU2008240255B2 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
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