CN101122649A - Solar energy faade highly effective gathering and omnibearing transmission technology - Google Patents
Solar energy faade highly effective gathering and omnibearing transmission technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN101122649A CN101122649A CNA2006101043211A CN200610104321A CN101122649A CN 101122649 A CN101122649 A CN 101122649A CN A2006101043211 A CNA2006101043211 A CN A2006101043211A CN 200610104321 A CN200610104321 A CN 200610104321A CN 101122649 A CN101122649 A CN 101122649A
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- photoconduction
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- solar
- photoconduction piece
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013308 plastic optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000691979 Halcyon Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
A solar-energy vertical collection and transmission technology can collect 100 percent sunlight from sunrise to sunset and conveniently transfer to any direction and location, thus making all solar-energy utilization devices play the inherent production efficiency and doubling the conversion efficiency of light energy. The sunlight exported by the core component can be gathered, bent and transferred as well as connected with various optical devices, so that the device overcomes the defects of low solar density, linear light transmission, great changes of light quantity based on seasons and days, and the solar energy is expected to become an energy protagonist. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, reliable function and no maintenance. The greatest feature is to improve the comprehensive efficiency of solar energy for several times; and to collect the solar energy in direct proportion to the height and length of the device without occupying any land. The device can be applied to heating and power generation of walls, lighting and power supply for mountains and slopes, as well as external power supply and heating for cars, trains and other modes of transport.
Description
The present invention is solar energy acquisition and transmission technology, can make variously to bring into play several times actual luminous energy effect of sunshine with light facilities in sunrise in sunset time, in various occasions, belongs to the basic technology of Application of Solar Energy.
Development and use sun power has become countries in the world to pursue the common recognition and the approach of sustainable development to save fossil energy.Therefore in recent decades, the technology and method that sun power utilizes is increasing, and sun power has occupied suitable proportion in world's Energy Mix.The Chinese government classifies sun power first of the regenerative resource as in Eleventh Five-Year Plan.
But sun power also has its shortcoming: energy density is too low; Can only transmit by straight line, or by straight line transmission again after refraction, the reflection; The supply of sunshine is discontinuous, unstable: interrupt night, overcast and rainy very weak; Fine its energize also because of place (latitude of acceptance point), instrument etc. towards different, become because of the time again, this all influence its year, day average energy intensity, also have a strong impact on the performance of the usefulness of its relevant device.In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned natural quality, people have proposed many theories, measure and test, the upsurge that has caused present solar energy research to utilize at utilize mode, conversion regime, method for congregating, indirect banking system or the like of sun power.China is directly utilizing aspect the sun power, and the most successful is solar water heater, and its output and owning amount all account for the first in the world.Solar thermal collector has flat plate collector and concentrating collector.Optically focused class solar electrical energy generation has: tower, slot type, dish formula; So far also there is not photoconduction formula optically focused." light gathering photovoltaic power generating system that octahedra reflective mirror is formed " of inventions such as Chen Yingtian, what blessing extend protection can make real output increase by four times, and the photovoltaic generation cost is descended, and overcome the cosine effect, and the generating total amount can increase by 20%, and cost reduces by 51%.It is to utilize solar tracking system to realize the achievement recently that solar energy utilization ratio improves; But it installs complicated.The cellulose sun power honeycomb metope that Cap Sunpower Corp. of Austria Pei Erge produces can make 6000m
2The heating in building reduces 40%, but than the expense height of traditional wall, reaches 350 Euros/m
2This is new mode and a high-level efficiency of directly utilizing solar heating at present.Germany and Australia have built up the solar column power house, but its floor area is very big, only is applicable to scarcely populated area.
The present invention utilizes the refraction and the total reflection principle of light, realizes the high strength collection of light and is close to the transmission of any direction of effect entirely; The output terminal of sunshine is not subjected to environmental restraint, can supply the various mode high-level efficiency utilizations that utilize.This climbs up world energy sources leading role status for sun power, and critical basic technology is provided.
The present invention implements like this:
One, makes the photoconduction piece
With plastics polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (refractive index n
1=1.495), make the thin piece (about thick 6mm) of rectangle, length and width are by the building structure frame decision of using, and six of this optical conductor are very smooth, use plastics polymethylmethacrylate of the same race (PMMA) to add again and join a small amount of GeO
2, make its refractive index reduce (n
2=1.402) be n, with its parcel refractive index
1The thin piece of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) rectangle around (hexahedral two big faces do not wrap up.The plastic interface that these two kinds of refractive indexes are different is very smooth).This photoconduction piece can have four kinds of patterns, the normal parallel (Fig. 1) of the limit in longitudinal profile and big face, and promptly the incident angle θ with the light of normal parallel is zero; The normal not parallel (Fig. 2) of the limit in longitudinal profile and big face, promptly the incident angle θ of light is non-vanishing; The limit in longitudinal profile is not parallel with the normal of big face, and the limit in longitudinal profile is trapezoidal (Fig. 3), and such photoconduction piece can be with the light polymerization of conduction.It is oblique inwards on one side to also have a kind of pattern to have only, Yi Bian it can be with light to tiltedly drawing.In Fig. 1～3, n
1Be the plastics of PMMA, n
2For being added with a small amount of GeO
2PMMA.At n
2PMMA outside also have one deck back-up coat, but do not draw among the figure; O is the sensitive surface normal; θ is an incident angle.
What above-mentioned photoconduction piece had an extra-heavy is subjected to luminous energy power, can (it is maximum incident angle θ accepting the angle
MaxTwice, the photoconduction piece is advanced in the anaclasis in scope Fig. 3), then total reflection forward (to use light direction) propagate, and loss is bordering on zero.The θ angle is the normal of photoconduction piece and the angle of incident ray; Sensitive surface at the photoconduction piece has one 2 θ
MaxAccept angle (coning angle), when the incident angle of incident ray less than θ
MaxThe time, the light of incident just can all enter the photoconduction piece.So lighting efficiency η of photoconduction piece:
Photoconduction piece of the present invention is exactly to allow the incident angle θ of sunshine accept the angle less than 1/2, realizes 100% sunlight impingement rate (lighting efficiency).
Two, install
Sunshine will be avoided reflection, make the incident ray of sunlight consistent with the optical conductor normal direction, i.e. θ=0 o'clock, and cos0 °=1, at this moment the impingement rate of sunlight is 100%.Under photoconduction piece condition, as long as θ is when accepting the angle less than 1/2, the sunlight in accepting angle (coning angle) scope can both be received by the photoconduction piece.But incident angle θ changes with altitude of the sun, and altitude of the sun is by seasonal variations and diurnal variation and cause.Accept in the angular region for sunlight is entered to greatest extent, this just except design meets the photoconduction piece of optical principle, also will study their installation.The elevation angle of winter solar is less, Winter Solstice minimum.So in the winter time, the utilization factor of sunshine is very low, and the front and back utilization factor in Winter Solstice is minimum.Cosine effect that Here it is.The sunshine-duration of halcyon days is the shortest, so at this moment the sun power quantity delivered is minimum.But be again people winter needs most the season of utilizing sun power, and heating, greenhouse need sun power, and the conversion efficiency of light-electricity, light-chemical energy etc. also is directly proportional with the amount of incident of sun power.Therefore, when the photoconduction piece is installed, at first to design its normal line direction angle and elevation angle (elevation angle) Winter Solstice minimum, that the date is the shortest according to the height (angle) of the sun.
Sun altitude and azimuthal calculating
The calculating formula of sun altitude h:
sinh＝sinψ·sinδ+cosψ·cosδ·cosΩ
The calculating formula of solar azimuth A:
H in the formula---sun altitude (degree);
A---solar azimuth (degree);
ψ---local geographic latitude (degree);
δ---declination angle (degree); Get (23 ° 27 ') Winter Solstice, get (23 ° 27 '), the Spring Equinox Summer Solstice, get (0 °) Autumnal Equinox.
Ω---hour angle (degree); Ω=15t t represents to depart from the hourage at high noon.
Introduce below towards south to the aligning method of photoconduction piece of facade (wall):
1, calculates the sun altitude h of local winter solstice earlier;
2, calculate the sun sunrise of local winter solstice and the position angle A of sunset;
3, with the photoconduction piece accept 1/4 of angle, remove h, integer 3; Get 3 row (accompanying drawing 4, the right side), 15 °, 30 °, 45 ° at the normal inclination angle of each photoconduction piece that draws from the bottom to top; When sun altitude is very little, for example: the elevation angle in Shenyang Winter Solstice has only 41 ° 46 ', the photoconduction piece of these every row is counted halcyon days and is only used two, corresponding line number is also got two row, above delegation after Winter Solstice, play a role.
4, draw that (drawing is to the south, in the face of the reader for the planimetric maps of 3 row.Accompanying drawing 4, a left side).α among the figure
1Position angle at sunrise in position angle=Winter Solstice; α
4Acronical position angle in position angle=Winter Solstice.α
1, α
4The position angle of other each the photoconduction piece between the photoconduction piece at place is α
1To α
4Between increase progressively arithmetic series, promptly by α
1Add an angle (tolerance) and get α
2The position angle, again by α
2The position angle add an identical angle (tolerance), α
3Have only 4 row among the figure, when facade is very long, a lot of row can be arranged, at this moment the tolerance of arithmetic series diminishes, but starting point α
1With terminal point α
4The position angle constant, promptly the first term of this arithmetic series and last item are constant.
5, top photoconduction block array is applicable to and gets light winter.After the Spring Equinox or before the Autumnal Equinox, sunshine begins down to penetrate southward from north at noon, at this moment as taller effects ground utilize sunshine, the photoconduction block array that just needs arrangement one to arrange towards positive north.
When utilizing the photoconduction block array to warm oneself for building, the photoconduction block array of Fig. 4 can be narrowed down to the spacing of contiguous floors and the width in a house, promptly piece is high in story height, and piece is wide, and to equal the room wide; At this moment each photoconduction piece is the room heat supply of the flooring at its place.And many photoconduction pieces (array) of the metope in whole building are the building heat supply at its place.
When facade is very high, can repeat above-mentioned photoconduction block array; Also can the ranks number constant, but increase the height and the width of every photoconduction piece.
Three, application and conductive features cooperates
The photoconduction piece is generally all made the thin slice of thick 6mm for saving light-guide material, and it definitely can not load-bearing, so it must vertically be installed in the grid interior (or installation site bearer bar) of framed structure.Light is reflected in the photoconduction piece by the face of acceptance, and the other end that is totally reflected in piece penetrates again.Utilize mode and position that multiple ejaculation and receive mode can be arranged at the ejaculation end face according to sunlight:
1, with civilian heating be the output of purpose: output be cone light (with accept face the same); Receive by simple glass.Photoconduction piece and simple glass constitute double glazing at a distance of 20mm, and double glazing seals, in fill dry air, and put small quantity of drying.This double glazing can be installed in (for example: it is used in the heating in old house) on the door and window, but the distance of photoconduction piece and simple glass will be reduced to about 5mm.
2, near conveying, utilize heat energy, for example: be used for kiln dried wood, medicinal material, vegetables or the like, can the wedge shaped light guide piece light be concentrated bunchy, the directive object improves drying efficiency.
3, transmit heat energy to output terminal below, as from the roof northwards face wall transmit sunlight, or soil irradiation storage heat earthward, can be with the thickening of photoconduction piece and at nearly output, make the covering interface and be bent downwardly, make light downward, even sunlight is throwed into room with a southern exposure by the north window family.
4, in the generating of the parallel installation photovoltaic cell of output terminal plate module, be incorporated into the power networks.
5, the output light of adjacent several photoconduction pieces directly or through optical cable is invested a common energy converting apparatus, improve the actual service efficiency of device, play optically focused effect (light-guide light-gathering).
6, the thick integrated optical cable of plastic optical fiber, make the end face of this optical cable parallel, and accept the light of photoconduction piece output, by flexible optical cable sunlight is sent to any place and any direction again with the photoconduction piece.Very long as the distance that will transmit, for example 1000 meters is to reduce energy loss, and optical fiber should be made by glass fibre.
Four, the huge superiority of sun power facade highly effective gathering and transmission technology:
1, full-time from sun to sun highly effective gathering sun power is the solar collecting device of top efficiency, with this device all light-use facilities is boosted productivity, and reduces cost of products.
2, do not need any sun tracker and mirror surface, and energy acquisition efficient is very high, this can make photovoltaic generation boost productivity, and reduces cost significantly, makes photoelectricity move towards the marketization.
3, be used to warm oneself and can utilize the metope in house, do not take any soil, do not need special metope jewelry, even at severe cold area, the luminous energy that Nan Qiangsuo gets also is enough to make indoor reaching more than 25 ℃.
4, can make sunlight direct projection soil by it, store fine a large amount of heat energy at soil, for night, overcast and rainy use, eliminate sun power round the clock, the weather sky fluctuates.Or in soil buried metal tube, again sun lights is injected in the metal tube, make photo-thermal be stored in deep under ground, discharge later on and use.
5, build collection of sun power facade and transmission facilities on tight companion's high mountain abrupt slope, can save a lot of construction investments, because of having simplified support.
6, be used for the tower type solar generating, the wall that can build Chao Nan in the north and south of tower and be exposed to the north, the combination of tower wall is saved land used, is used material, increases generated energy.
7, the utilization of sun power, only relevant with facade size (length and height), do not take any soil.
8, the photoconduction piece can be used as window-glass and is used in old building, and the sunlight of its input also is enough to make the room warm.
9, owing to can make the buildings back also sunlight can be arranged to any direction transmission ray, this will improve its room rate.
10, heliotechnics can be extended on the large-scale vehicles, as 5 faces of automobile (all around and ceiling), if substitute with the light guide block whole or in part, with optical cable light is directed to same photovoltaic battery panel generating again, like this except that night and overcast and rainy, automobile all available solar energy travels and warms oneself, and night and the overcast and rainy unnecessary electric energy of storing in accumulator of fine day that utilizes.The real like this solar telephone epoch have just occurred.
Claims (10)
1. sun power facade highly effective gathering and transmission technology are the basic technologies of solar energy development, and its characteristics are:
A, with towards the due south (north) facade gather sunlight;
B, polymethylmethacrylate are made the photoconduction piece;
C, according to the position angle of sunrise in Winter Solstice and sunset and the sun altitude in Winter Solstice, determine the array of photoconduction piece.
2. according to the described feature of claim 1, the photoconduction piece is with high index of refraction (n
1) polymethylmethacrylate makes deltiod, and covering polymethylmethacrylate (low direct projection rate n is arranged all around
2), n
1Greater than n
2, there is back-up coat the outside again.
3. according to the described feature of claim 1, the photoconduction piece is installed in the framed structure of facade.
4. according to the described feature of claim 1, the size of photoconduction piece output terminal can slightly be dwindled, will export light-ray condensing.
5. according to the described feature of claim 1, that a limit of photoconduction piece output terminal is slightly crooked, to realize the bending of output light.
6. according to the described feature of claim 1, the input end face of photoconduction piece output end face and plastic optical fiber cable is coupled, to realize that light is transported to any direction.
7. according to the described feature of claim 1, photoconduction piece output end face and photovoltaic cell plate module are coupled.
8. according to the described feature of claim 1, the output end face of photoconduction piece there is the parallel arrangement glass of distance, make double glazing.
9. according to the described feature of claim 1, build the facade framework in high mountain cliff other or solar electrical energy generation tower north and south.
10. according to the described feature of claim 1, the photoconduction piece is installed on power supply, heat supply on the vehicles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101043211A CN101122649A (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2006-08-07 | Solar energy faade highly effective gathering and omnibearing transmission technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101043211A CN101122649A (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2006-08-07 | Solar energy faade highly effective gathering and omnibearing transmission technology |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101122649A true CN101122649A (en) | 2008-02-13 |
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ID=39085060
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101043211A Pending CN101122649A (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2006-08-07 | Solar energy faade highly effective gathering and omnibearing transmission technology |
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|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102841609A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-26 | 镇江华扬信息科技有限公司 | Method for solar tracking controller system |
-
2006
- 2006-08-07 CN CNA2006101043211A patent/CN101122649A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102841609A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-26 | 镇江华扬信息科技有限公司 | Method for solar tracking controller system |
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