CN101126132A - A method and device for recovering heavy metals in fly ash or secondary fly ash - Google Patents
A method and device for recovering heavy metals in fly ash or secondary fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN101126132A CN101126132A CNA2006101124098A CN200610112409A CN101126132A CN 101126132 A CN101126132 A CN 101126132A CN A2006101124098 A CNA2006101124098 A CN A2006101124098A CN 200610112409 A CN200610112409 A CN 200610112409A CN 101126132 A CN101126132 A CN 101126132A
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Abstract
The invention provides a recycling device used for recycling the heavy metal of flying ash or the secondary flying ash. The invention adopts a multi-loop high temperature electric furnace. The electric furnace comprises a high temperature furnace, at least one middle temperature furnace and at least one low temperature furnace. The middle temperature furnace and the low temperature furnace are through provided with a porcelain net which can absorb the volatile to absorb the heavy metal chemical compound components which are violated by the high temperature furnace. The gas outlet tube of the low temperature furnace is provided with a filtering bag to absorb the rest volatile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the harmless treatment and the renewable resource technology of heavy metal in the flying dust, relate in particular to a kind of method that reclaims heavy metal in flying dust or the secondary flying ash.
The invention still further relates to the device of realizing aforesaid method.
Background technology
Rubbish output improves day by day and increases gradually along with people's living standard, and many countries and city cause landfill yard day to hasten towards saturation because the soil is nervous.Garbage incineration technology is the advantage of " three change " owing to have, extremely efforts at environmental protection person's favor in recent years, and especially in developed countries such as Japan, Germany, the U.S., Switzerland, burning has accounted for quite high ratio in the technology of garbage disposal field.China recent years has also been carried out the waste incineration project, to 2005 the end of the year whole nation 47 garbage burning factories are arranged approximately.Waste incineration causes the huge of flying dust output to increase.Contain a large amount of heavy metals and objectionable impurities in the flying dust, heavy metal has non-degradable and biomagnification, if without the direct landfill of special processing, heavy metal can ooze out under landfill yard tart condition in a large number in the flying dust, polluted underground water and soil even air constitute potential harm to human beings'health and ecotope; If directly as other products materials, in use heavy metal and objectionable impurities leach flying dust probably in the flying dust without special processing, direct or indirect contaminate environment and human health.In addition, from the resource reutilization angle, extract the heavy metal that economic worth is arranged in the flying dust, as metallurgical raw material or carry out rich oreization, slag after molten can also not only solve flying dust and handle difficult problem, and reclaim useful metal as the raw material or the pavior of other material of construction, circular form environment to sustainable development has dual function and meaning.
A lot of to the treatment process of incineration of refuse flyash both at home and abroad at present, mainly contain melting and solidification, cement solidification, chemical stabilization and acid or other solvent-extraction processes.Mostly these methods are heavy metal in the flying dust and objectionable impurities are fixed in certain specific structure, reduce the leaching characteristic of heavy metal, but these methods only limit to heavy metal is fixed in the product, in the long term, these heavy metals can leach and contaminate environment under particular environment sooner or later, therefore fundamentally do not solve heavy metal pollution problem.With the melting and solidification is example: the melting and solidification method is under high temperature fused state, cause the complicated physicochemical change of various compositions generations in the flying dust, heavy metal and some objectionable impuritiess are fixed in the grid of fine and close Si-O structure, reduce the leaching characteristic of heavy metal greatly, but flying dust is in melting process, have a large amount of heavy metals to evaporate, this not only forms secondary pollution and increases flue gas processing burden, and causes the waste of resource.At present, be usually used in extracting mostly the method for heavy metal is physico-chemical processes in the flying dust, promptly flying dust through washing after, remove salinities such as sodium a large amount of in the flying dust, potassium and calcium, reduce the alkalescence of flying dust, with acid or alkali heavy metal in the flying dust is extracted then.But also there are a lot of problems in this method, must carry out the strictness processing as waste water and the spent acid alkali lye that produces in the leaching process.Therefore have long flow path, investment and working cost height, easily produce shortcomings such as serious secondary pollution, comprehensive benefit be low.Therefore, on the research basis of melting and solidification, we just have " reverse " facture, promptly in high-temperature heat treatment process, boiling point control furnace temperature in conjunction with heavy metal in the flying dust, heavy metal is volatilized in heat-processed to greatest extent and reclaim, this has not only solved the innoxious problem of flying dust, and has reclaimed useful heavy metal resources.
Summary of the invention
The retrieving arrangement that the purpose of this invention is to provide heavy metal in a kind of flying dust or the secondary flying ash on the basis that is implemented in the flying dust harmless treatment, reclaims the high resource of useful heavy metal.
For achieving the above object, retrieving arrangement provided by the invention adopts multiloop high-temperature atmosphere electric furnace, and this electric furnace has a High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, at least one moderate oven and at least one low temperature oven; The ceramic network sheet of adsorbing volatilizing thing is installed, with the heavy metal compound blending ingredients volatile matter of absorbing high temp stove formation in the burner hearth of moderate oven and low temperature oven; The escape pipe place of low temperature oven burner hearth is equipped with filter bag, with residual volatile matter in the absorption carrier gas.
Described retrieving arrangement, wherein the ceramic network sheet is a multi-disc, is installed on the ceramic rod, the diameter of ceramic network sheet is increased to the outlet side gradually by the burner hearth inlet end.
Described retrieving arrangement is wherein separated by porcelain bushing between the ceramic network sheet, and making between per two ceramic network sheets has a spacing.
Described retrieving arrangement, the ceramic network sheet mesh aperture that wherein is installed in moderate oven is greater than being installed in low temperature oven ceramic network sheet mesh aperture.
Described retrieving arrangement, wherein filter bag be fluorine beautiful this etc. high temperature resistant material.
Described retrieving arrangement, wherein filter bag connects a gas processing device, makes gas enter atmosphere through behind the acid-alkali washing.
Described retrieving arrangement, wherein in the multiloop high-temperature atmosphere electric furnace, high temperature furnace used Si-Mo rod heats; In, low temperature furnace resistor silk heating.
By above-mentioned retrieving arrangement, the temperature of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus can be set as required during use, promptly can collect heavy metal one by one, also can all collect.When collecting heavy metal one by one, can set temperature from low to high according to the specifically molten boiling point of heavy metal, and the stop certain hour is collected; If all collect, then can be set to 1050～1200 ℃ to temperature, the temperature of moderate oven and low temperature oven is made as the thawing point or the zero pour of this heavy metal; Flying dust or secondary flying ash are put into High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, feed different atmosphere (as: air, oxygen nitrogen, argon gas, helium or hydrogen) simultaneously as carrier gas; Heavy metal compound in flying dust or the secondary flying ash (as: oxide compound of lead, chromium, cadmium, aluminium, zinc and copper, sulfide and muriate) at high temperature forms volatile matter, this volatile matter is under the drive of air-flow, enter moderate oven and low temperature oven, different heavy metal compounds is adsorbed on respectively on the ceramic network sheet of moderate oven and low temperature oven in the volatile matter, and remaining volatile matter is adsorbed by filter bag.
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1. because the differing temps section temperature of the molten electric furnace of multiloop high-temperature atmosphere all can be controlled as required, therefore can be fit to most of various recyclings that contain the metallic compound waste material.
Technical process simple, easy to operate, produce little, the non-secondary pollution of exhaust gas volumn.
3. flying dust or secondary flying ash be after pyroprocessing, and the metal that obtains can be used as metallurgical material or with its rich oreization, to treat further exploitation; Slag can be used as the raw material of pavior or other material of construction, has realized the recycling of refuse, has also alleviated the burden of landfill yard simultaneously.
4, can reclaim old and useless battery, waste and old circuit board and scrap stock thereof and contain copper and gas metal in the electronic unit of metal.
Description of drawings
The three loop high-temperature fusion tube furnace diagrammatic cross-sections that Fig. 1 uses for the present invention;
Be labeled as among the figure: 1-High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus thermopair; The 2-inlet mouth; The 3-fire door; The 4-High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus; 5-corundum burner hearth; The 6-corundum crucible; The 7-high temperature material; 8-burner hearth contraction mouth; 9-elevated-temperature seal cover; The 10-moderate oven; 11-ceramic network sheet; 12-chemical porcelain burner hearth; 13-ceramic network sheet; The 14-low temperature oven; The 15-filter bag; 16-acid-alkali treatment device; 17-moderate oven and low temperature oven thermopair.
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a porcelain bushing front view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the lateral plan of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is the front view of ceramic network sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the ceramic network sheet group synoptic diagram of multi-disc ceramic network sheet combination of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in detail, but can not be interpreted as it is limitation of the invention.
See also Fig. 1, the present invention is an example with three loop high-temperature atmosphere furnace devices.This electric furnace has High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, a moderate oven and a low temperature oven, also can according to the flying dust needs of handling establish more several in, low temperature oven.
In the burner hearth of moderate oven 10 and low temperature oven 14, be separately installed with ceramic network sheet 11 (this ceramic network plate shape can be consulted Fig. 5), because volatile matter is to pass through low temperature oven 14 again through behind the moderate oven 10 earlier from High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus 4, therefore be arranged on mesh aperture 51 on the ceramic network sheet 11 of moderate oven 10 greater than the mesh aperture of low temperature oven 14 ceramic network sheets 11, its mesh aperture of ceramic network sheet such as moderate oven 10 is 3mm, and the ceramic network sheet mesh aperture of low temperature oven 14 is 2mm.Ceramic network sheet 11 can be monolithic be installed in the burner hearth, also can be combined into ceramic network sheet group and be installed in the burner hearth by multi-disc.Ceramic network sheet group is multi-disc ceramic network sheet to be located on the ceramic rod 61 by its center borehole jack 52 form, for avoiding the ceramic network sheet to be adjacent to mutually, influence adsorption effect, between per two net sheets, add a ceramic pipe box 62 (seeing also Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), penetratingly be installed in the burner hearth then.
In order to prevent that volatile matter is adsorbed on the ceramic network sheet of front too much, thereby cause stopping up, the present invention can also be designed to the diameter that varies in size with each ceramic network sheet, when being combined as ceramic network sheet group, the diameter of its ceramic network sheet increases gradually, forms cone-shaped (seeing also shown in Figure 6).During installation, the end that diameter is little places the inlet end of burner hearth.Escape pipe 11 at the low temperature oven burner hearth is arranged with filter bag 15.This filter bag 15 be for can adopt currently available products, gets clean filtering material company limited as Shanghai, or beautiful this dedusting filter bag of fluorine of producing of cloth industry company limited of Yancheng, Jiangsu generation nation.
The corundum Noah's ark 6 that is loaded with flying dust is put into high-temperature burner hearth 5, close fire door, feed nitrogen (also can be air, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, argon gas etc.) simultaneously, carrier gas flux is controlled at 400ml/min, and (flow can be controlled at 300～800ml/min) according to practical situation, approximately after half an hour, violent physical-chemical reaction at high temperature takes place in the heavy metal compound in the flying dust, forms the blending ingredients volatile matter.Volatile matter is under carrier gas drives, enter moderate oven, zero pour is higher than 600 ℃ material and just condenses down at moderate oven in the component, be adsorbed on the ceramic network sheet, be lower than 600 ℃ material and enter low temperature oven and condense, be adsorbed on the ceramic network sheet, carrier gas is disposed to filter bag through after the condensation from escape pipe 11, adsorb all volatile matters, carrier gas recycles or is disposed to (about the acid-alkali treatment device is known technology, is not described in detail) in the atmosphere after washing by acid-alkali treatment device 16.Close gas then, open fire door, take out the corundum Noah's ark, put into second corundum Noah's ark that is loaded with flying dust and put into burner hearth, close fire door, feed gas.Repeat later on above step until ten times after 20 times, take off the heavy metal that is recovered to from the condenser of moderate oven and low temperature oven.Table 1 is the fusing point and the boiling point of the various forms of heavy metal.
According to desire handle flying dust in the composition of heavy metal compound, the temperature of the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus of three loop high-temperature atmosphere electric furnaces is risen to the fusing point of flying dust, with heavy metal in the flying dust is that oxide compound, muriate and the sulfide of lead, chromium, cadmium, aluminium, zinc and copper is example, its molten boiling point is at 500-1300 ℃, and zero pour to be higher than respectively be 600 ℃ and 200 ℃, then High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus 4 is made as 1300 ℃, and moderate oven 7 is made as 600 ℃, and low temperature oven 14 is made as 100 ℃.
The material of flying dust and recovery is carried out metal content analysis show that metal recovery rate can reach 85～95%.
Slag is leached toxicity test and X-ray diffraction analysis, found that, slag mainly is non-crystal glassy phase, and the leaching concentration of various metals is all less than the leaching standard in the slag.Carrier gas can reach emission standard through acid-alkali washing.
According to desire handle secondary flying ash in the composition of heavy metal compound, the temperature of the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus of three loop high-temperature atmosphere electric furnaces is risen to the temperature more than the fusing point of flying dust, heavy metal is plumbous in the flying dust, chromium, cadmium, aluminium, the oxide compound of zinc and copper and muriate, its molten boiling point is at 500-1300 ℃, and zero pour to be higher than respectively be 600 ℃ and 200 ℃, then High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus 4 is made as 1100 ℃, moderate oven 7 is made as 400 ℃, low temperature oven 9 is made as 50 ℃, the corundum Noah's ark 6 that will be loaded with secondary flying ash is then put into high-temperature burner hearth 5, close fire door, aerating oxygen (also can be air simultaneously, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, argon gas etc.), carrier gas flux is controlled at 300L/h, approximately after half an hour, violent physical-chemical reaction at high temperature takes place in the heavy metal compound in the flying dust, forms the blending ingredients volatile matter.Volatile matter enters moderate oven under carrier gas drives, zero pour is higher than 400 ℃ material and just condenses down at moderate oven in the component, is lower than 400 ℃ material and enters low temperature oven and condense, and carrier gas is from escape pipe 11 dischargings.Close gas then, open fire door, take out the corundum Noah's ark, put into second corundum Noah's ark that is loaded with flying dust and put into burner hearth, close fire door, feed gas.Repeat later on above step until ten times after 20 times, take off the heavy metal that is recovered to from moderate oven and low temperature oven.The material of flying dust and recovery is carried out metal content analysis show that metal recovery rate can reach more than 95%.
Old and useless battery peeled off is crushed to 1～50 order, puts into the corundum Noah's ark then and sends into burner hearth.Establish the temperature of the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus 4 of three loop high-temperature atmosphere electric furnaces to 50～70 ℃ this moment, and moderate oven 7 and low temperature oven 9 are made as 0 ℃ temporarily, after this heats up gradually, feeds nonoxidizing atmosphere, and gas flow rate is 200L/h, to collect mercury.When High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus 4 temperature rise to 400 ℃, get swap out in gentle cryogenic gathering system 9 and 10, again transducer set gathering system more, and gentle temperature of low-oven heats up gradually in making, distribution is set to 400 ℃ and 100 ℃, High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus 4 temperature progressively rise to 1000 ℃ simultaneously, feed nonoxidizing atmosphere, and gas flow rate is 400L/h.Reclaim metal at moderate oven 10 and low temperature oven 14, carrier gas is from escape pipe 11 dischargings.
Table 1: the fusing point of the various forms of heavy metal and boiling point
| Metal | Element state | The chlorination attitude | Oxide compound | Vitriol | Sulfide |
| Pb Cu Zn Cr Cd | 328，1740 1083，2595 420 1857，2672 321，769 | 950 620 283，732 1150，1300 568，960 | 886 1326 ......... 2266 1500 | 1,170 200 ℃ are decomposed 1,020 100 1000 down | 1,114 200 ℃ are decomposed 1,975 1,550 1750,980 down |
Claims (7)
1. the retrieving arrangement of heavy metal in flying dust or the secondary flying ash adopts multiloop high-temperature atmosphere electric furnace, and this electric furnace has a High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, at least one moderate oven and at least one low temperature oven; The ceramic network sheet of adsorbing volatilizing thing penetratingly is installed, with the heavy metal compound blending ingredients volatile matter of absorbing high temp stove formation in the burner hearth of moderate oven and low temperature oven; Low temperature oven escape pipe place is equipped with filter bag, to adsorb remaining volatile matter.
2. retrieving arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ceramic network sheet is a multi-disc, is installed on the ceramic rod, the diameter of ceramic network sheet is increased to the outlet side gradually by the burner hearth inlet end.
3. retrieving arrangement as claimed in claim 2 is wherein separated by porcelain bushing between the ceramic network sheet, and making between per two ceramic network sheets has a spacing.
4. retrieving arrangement as claimed in claim 1, the ceramic network sheet mesh aperture that wherein is installed in moderate oven is greater than being installed in low temperature oven ceramic network sheet mesh aperture.
5. retrieving arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein filter bag is beautiful this material of fluorine.
6. as claim 1 or 5 described retrieving arrangements, wherein filter bag connects a soda acid gas scrubber, and washer removes toxic and harmful in the carrier gas of can washing one's hands, and can also absorb and dissolve the part volatile matter that remains in the carrier gas, then enters atmosphere.
7. retrieving arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the multiloop high-temperature atmosphere electric furnace, high temperature furnace used Si-Mo rod heats; In, low temperature furnace resistor silk heating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2006101124098A CN100485057C (en) | 2006-08-16 | 2006-08-16 | Device for reclaiming heavy metal from fly ash or secondary fly ash |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2006101124098A CN100485057C (en) | 2006-08-16 | 2006-08-16 | Device for reclaiming heavy metal from fly ash or secondary fly ash |
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| CN101126132A true CN101126132A (en) | 2008-02-20 |
| CN100485057C CN100485057C (en) | 2009-05-06 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109513229A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-26 | 西安建筑科技大学 | The device and method of lead, zinc nonferrous smelting slag volatile matter is collected under a kind of high temperature |
| CN113088706A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of urban solid waste incinerator |
| CN114635021A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-17 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A method for purifying a vacuum heat treatment furnace for superalloy blades |
-
2006
- 2006-08-16 CN CNB2006101124098A patent/CN100485057C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109513229A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-26 | 西安建筑科技大学 | The device and method of lead, zinc nonferrous smelting slag volatile matter is collected under a kind of high temperature |
| CN113088706A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-09 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of urban solid waste incinerator |
| CN113088706B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-07-12 | 西安交通大学 | Device and method for recovering valuable elements in fly ash of urban solid waste incinerator |
| CN114635021A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-17 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A method for purifying a vacuum heat treatment furnace for superalloy blades |
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| CN100485057C (en) | 2009-05-06 |
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