CN100574719C - 气体节流冷却式射频消融电极 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种气体节流冷却式射频消融电极，电极针前端涂有绝缘材料并刻有刻度，针尖裸露，内置微型螺旋翅片管换热器，换热器前端嵌有微型节流管，后端与高压气体细管相连，高压气体经过高压气体管在电极针顶部节流制冷后，经换热器从针内隔热套管与高压气体管中间的排放腔内排出。射频导线和热电偶从微型螺旋翅片管换热器中间穿出，并分别安装在电极针内顶部。本发明应用气体节流冷却来快速、高效的控制并扩大消融范围，可广泛应用于对肿瘤进行射频消融。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气体节流冷却式射频消融电极，是一种应用气体节流冷却来快速控制并扩大消融范围的射频消融电极。
背景技术
对肿瘤进行射频消融是将电极针插入病变组织，应用交变的高频电磁波使得肿瘤组织内离子运动方向交替变化，离子动能转换为热能导致病变组织温度升高，从而达到治疗目的。直接热消融效应与组织所受到的温度相关，而温度是由施加的能量、加热的速率以及组织的热敏感性决定的。一般加热温度为41℃-45℃，时间为30-60min，就可导致不可逆的细胞损伤。在此温度范围内酶的失活是导致组织损伤的最主要因素。当组织温度升高到60℃时，使得细胞产生不可逆损伤的时间大大缩短。温度升高超过60℃后，蛋白质变性，在这个温度范围内，出现有凝结坏死区间。当温度继续升高到100℃左右时，组织内水分沸腾气化。温度如果继续升高，组织则会发生炭化以及产生烟的现象。一旦炭化产生，温度会迅速升高。同时，由于出现了热阻限制现象阻碍了组织受损伤的程度，而且炭化增加了组织间隙压力，可能会导致癌细胞扩散而深入肝脏及血管。
因此，在温度不能太高的前提下提高消融范围成为一个难点。目前，主要通过如下两种方法来提高射频消融区域：
一是采用多弹头消融电极来增加消融直径，多弹头消融电极由美国RadioTherapeutics Corp公司率先推出，并于1999年5月引入我国。中国发明专利于CN2722849A于2005年09月07日公开的一种新型多极射频肿瘤消融电极——射频消融切缘电极，其主要特征是：6-16枚子针的尖端都装有测温热电偶，而且只有装测温热电偶的那段1-3厘米子针是导电的，子针的其它部分和针尖、针杆都涂有绝缘层；当子针全部展开时，各子针的尖端与针杆的距离均小于2厘米，从而构成扁球形。在临床中，应用射频消融切缘电极可只对实体肿瘤的边缘进行灭活，肿瘤中间的组织将因缺血而凋亡。由于这种电极能实时而精确地测出肿瘤边缘的治疗温度，因此医生能确切地知道治疗效果。操作柄短是该电极的另一重要特征，应用这种电极对肥胖患者也能采用CT引导进行消融治疗。操作柄上的旋钮可将6-16枚子针同时或分组展开与收回。上述多弹头消融电极的多枚弯曲子针可同时展开，构成球形，从而形成球形凝固坏死区，其主要缺点是：电极的尺寸较大，且需在体内张开，因而不但创伤较大，而且大大增加了损伤邻近重要组织的潜在性危险，而且使用操作比较复杂，难以正确插入至靶组织；另外，多弹头消融电极的消融区域不规则，容易造成出血及感染症状。
二是应用冷却消融电极。冷却消融电极可以减少由于电阻增加而导致消融停止的机率，使更多的射频能量施加到病变组织，延长换热时间，最终增加换热体积，增大消融范围。如中国发明专利CN1263431C于2006年07月12日授权公告的一种单针水冷式射频消融电极，手柄内的支承框紧配合插入储水框，中间的空腔形成冷却水回流池，射频消融电极针前段以绝缘材料涂层并刻有尺度，尖端裸露，后段插入手柄固定在储水框上并连接射频引线，内置引水钢管及其内部的测温热电偶插在射频消融电极针内并保持同轴位置。进水软管与内置引水钢管连通，出水软管连通冷却水回流池，射频引线与热电偶引线共同组成专用连接电缆，与射频消融治疗系统的主机相连接，完成信号传输。冷却水从进水软管通过内置引水钢管流入消融电极针内，经热交换后回到冷却水回流池，再由出水软管流回至循环冷却水装置。目前采用的冷却介质主要是溶液，如水或盐水，这些冷却溶液通过泵在电极针内循环达到冷却效果。但由于进水、出水管道尺寸有限，造成冷却溶液流速较慢，流量不大，在电极针温度较高时，流阻较大，导致换热效率不高，冷却效果不佳。
发明内容
针对现有技术的上述不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提出一种应用气体节流冷却来快速、高效的控制并扩大消融范围的气体节流冷却式射频消融电极。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的气体节流冷却式射频消融电极包括电极针、手柄主体、手柄连接体、锚定连接环和连接软管，电极针前端涂有绝缘涂层并刻有刻度，针尖裸露，电极针通过垫圈紧配合插入手柄主体，手柄连接体一端与手柄主体固定相连，另一端通过锚定连接环与连接软管相接；电极针内包括微型螺旋翅片管换热器、微型节流管、高压气体细管、隔热套管和隔热套管垫圈，微型螺旋翅片管换热器前端嵌有微型节流管，后端与高压气体细管相连；隔热套管插入电极针，在两个隔热套管垫圈的作用下紧固定于电极针内。
作为本发明的优选实施方案，为了更好的固定高压气体粗管，应用针管延长管连接套将电极针与针管延长管固定在一起，而高压气体粗管嵌在针管延长管内。另外，射频导线和热电偶线从射频消融系统的主机引出，通过连接软管和电极针中的排放腔，从微型螺旋翅片管换热器中间的穿线细管穿出分别安装在电极针顶端。
相对于现有技术，本发明的电极针内前端的微型节流管、微型螺旋翅片管换热器和高压气体细管三者紧密连接在一起，为了避免冷却气体对与电极中后部相接触的组织造成损伤，在电极针中还装配有隔热套管，并通过隔热套管垫圈与电极针紧配合固定。电极针前端涂有绝缘材料并刻有刻度，针尖裸露，电极针后部紧配合插入手柄主体，手柄连接体一端与手柄主体固定相连，另一端通过锚定连接环与连接软管相接，射频导线和热电偶线从射频消融系统的主机引出，通过连接管和电极针中的排放腔，从微型螺旋翅片管换热器中间的细管穿出分别安装在电极针顶端，达到信号传输的目的。
本发明上述气体节流冷却式射频消融电极，高压气体依次经过高压气体粗管、高压气体细管、微型螺旋翅片管换热器以及微型节流管后在电极针内顶部节流制冷，而后通过隔热套管与高压气体细管间的排放腔排出。有正焦汤效应的气体都可以作为本发明气体节流冷却式射频消融电极的高压气体，比如：氩气、氮气、二氧化碳气体或一氧化二氮，上述二种或多种气体的混合气体。当高压气体经过高压管和消融针前端的微型螺旋翅片管换热器后，在微型节流管口处发生节流效应，使得针端温度迅速降低，通过针壁与周围组织换热后，组织温度迅速降低。在射频消融的开始阶段或是过程中恰当地应用这种冷却效应，可以避免组织炭化，实现能量聚集，控制消融范围，尤其可以消融较大范围的肿瘤。同时，安装在电极针顶端的测温热电偶能够实时测量电极针顶端的温度，一方面来监测电极针工作情况是否正常，另一方面可以为医生设计合适的治疗方案提供依据。
本发明上述气体节流冷却式射频消融电极的结构新颖而紧凑，使用安全，使得消融范围大而可控。
附图说明
图1为本发明气体节流冷却式射频消融电极的结构示意图。
图2为本发明气体节流冷却式射频消融电极前端部分放大图。
其中：1为射频消融电极针；2为绝缘涂层；3为针尖；4为微型螺旋翅片管换热器；5为微型节流管；6为热电偶线；7为射频导线；8为高压气体细管；9为隔热套管；10为隔热套管垫圈；11为隔热套管垫圈；12为手柄主体；13为手柄连接体；14为锚定连接环；15为连接软管；16为高压气体粗管；17为排放腔，18为穿线细管；19为垫圈；20为针管延长管连接套；21为针管延长管。
具体实施方式
为更清楚理解本发明的特点和优点，下面结合附图和实施例对本发明加以详细说明。
如图1、图2所示，本发明一较佳实施例提出的气体节流冷却式射频消融电极包括射频消融电极针1、手柄主体12、手柄连接体13、锚定连接环14、连接软管15，电极针内包括微型螺旋翅片管换热器4、微型节流管5、高压气体细管8、隔热套管9、隔热套管垫圈10，微型螺旋翅片管换热器4前端嵌有微型节流管5，后端与高压气体细管8相连，隔热套管9插入电极针，在两个隔热套管垫圈10、11的作用下紧固定于电极针内，高压气体(本实施例采用氮气)依次经过高压气体粗管16、高压气体细管8、微型螺旋翅片管换热器4以及微型节流管后在电极针内顶部节流制冷，而后通过隔热套管9与高压气体细管8间的排放腔17排出。电极针前端涂有绝缘涂层2并刻有刻度，针尖3裸露，电极针通过垫圈19紧配合插入手柄主体12，手柄连接体13一端与手柄主体12固定相连，另一端通过锚定连接环14与连接软管15相接。为了更好的固定高压气体粗管16，应用针管延长管连接套将电极针与针管延长管21固定在一起，而高压气体粗管16嵌在针管延长管21内。射频导线7和热电偶线6从射频消融系统的主机引出，通过连接软管15和电极针中的排放腔17，从微型螺旋翅片管换热器4中间的穿线细管18穿出分别安装在电极针顶端。
本实施例的气体节流冷却式射频消融电极可在B超下清晰显示出刀体所在位置。针尖3可形成射频场，且通过改变其长度可以对不同大小的组织进行消融。同时，隔热套管9的位置和长度也可以改变，从而使得冷却的范围发生变化。高压气体在微型节流管口5处发生节流效应，使得针端温度迅速降低，通过针壁与周围组织换热后，组织温度迅速降低。在射频消融的开始阶段或是过程中恰当地应用这种冷却效应，可以避免组织炭化，实现能量聚集，控制消融范围，尤其可以消融较大范围的肿瘤。同时，安装在电极针顶端的测温热电偶能够实时测量电极针顶端的温度，一方面来监测电极针工作情况是否正常，另一方面可以为医生设计合适的治疗方案提供依据。
本实施例的电极结构新颖而紧凑，使用安全，消融范围大而可控。手柄部件采用无毒聚酯材料，射频电极针采用不锈钢管，绝缘涂层采用聚四氟己烯。热电偶采用T型热电偶。
Claims (4)
1、一种气体节流冷却式射频消融电极，其特征在于，包括电极针(1)、手柄主体(12)、手柄连接体(13)、锚定连接环(14)和连接软管(15)，电极针(1)前端涂有绝缘涂层(2)并刻有刻度，针尖(3)裸露，电极针(1)通过垫圈(19)紧配合插入手柄主体(12)，手柄连接体(13)一端与手柄主体(12)固定相连，另一端通过锚定连接环(14)与连接软管(15)相接；电极针(1)内包括微型螺旋翅片管换热器(4)、微型节流管(5)、高压气体细管(8)、隔热套管(9)和隔热套管垫圈(10)，微型螺旋翅片管换热器(4)前端嵌有微型节流管(5)，后端与高压气体细管(8)相连；射频导线(7)和热电偶线(6)通过连接软管(15)和排放腔(17)，从微型螺旋翅片管换热器(4)中间的穿线细管(18)穿出分别安装在电极针顶端；高压气体细管(8)和高压气体粗管(16)相连；隔热套管(9)藉由两个隔热套管垫圈(10、11)紧固定于电极针(1)内。
2、根据权利要求1所述的气体节流冷却式射频消融电极，其特征在于，还设有针管延长管连接套(20)和针管延长管(21)，针管延长管连接套(20)将电极针(1)与针管延长管(21)固定在一起，而高压气体粗管(16)嵌在针管延长管(21)内。
3、根据权利要求1所述的气体节流冷却式射频消融电极，其特征在于，高压气体依次经过高压气体粗管(16)、高压气体细管(8)、微型螺旋翅片管换热器(4)以及微型节流管后在电极针内顶部节流制冷，而后通过隔热套管(9)与高压气体细管(8)间的排放腔(17)排出。
4、根据权利要求3所述的气体节流冷却式射频消融电极，其特征在于，高压气体为氩气、氮气、二氧化碳或一氧化二氮，上述二种或多种气体的混合气体。
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| US11/935,331 US20080154258A1 (en) | 2006-12-26 | 2007-11-05 | Radio Frequency Ablation System with Joule-Thomson Cooler |
| PCT/CN2007/003749 WO2008077317A1 (en) | 2006-12-26 | 2007-12-24 | Radio frequency ablation system with joule-thomson cooler |
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