CN100569200C - Semiconductor laser apparatus for treating amblyopia - Google Patents

Abstract

A semiconductor laser treatment device for amblyopia, which includes a control unit, a voltage regulation circuit, a current regulation circuit, a timer, and a semiconductor laser; In the regulating circuit, the timing switch K is connected in series. The invention overcomes the disadvantages of poor therapeutic effect and poor safety of the existing therapeutic apparatus, and has the advantages of small size, light weight, easy portability, safe use, short treatment time and good therapeutic effect.

Description

Diode Laser Amblyopia Treatment Apparatus

technical field

The invention relates to a semiconductor laser treatment device for amblyopia, which uses a cone-sensitive semiconductor laser (wavelength 630-650nm) to stimulate the cone cells in the macular area of the fundus, so that the cone cells are benignly stimulated, and the function of the cone cells is activated to achieve effective The purpose of treating amblyopia.

Background technique

Amblyopia is caused by non-organic lesions, and those whose corrected visual acuity is less than 0.9 due to functional factors are called amblyopia. There are many treatment methods for amblyopia, including covering method, depression therapy, grating therapy, afterimage method and red light filter therapy, fine work training and synoptic machine training, etc.

At present, the amblyopia treatment devices on the market use light-emitting diodes as red and green divergent light sources or use ordinary colorless or colored light sources as visual stimulation sources. However, these light sources are divergent light sources with a large wavelength range, which can effectively stimulate cone cells. The proportion of the light wave is small, which can not make the cone cells produce effective excitatory stimulation, and the purpose of treatment cannot be achieved; there is also a kind of amblyopia treatment instrument with He-Ne laser as the light source on the market. This kind of pulsed laser, in order to effectively stimulate the average power of the cone cells, the instantaneous power of the laser must be large, which is easy to cause a certain degree of damage to the cornea.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies in the existing background technology, and provide a kind of semiconductor laser amblyopia therapeutic apparatus, it utilizes the physiological stimulation effect of the cone cells in the macular area of the fundus, that is, the cone cells are sensitive to the red light of 630-650nm. It is particularly sensitive. Under the stimulation of light irradiation of a certain energy in this band, the cone cells of the human eye are easily activated, thereby improving the visual function of the human eye and achieving the purpose of treating amblyopia.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a semiconductor laser amblyopia treatment instrument, which is characterized in that it includes a control unit and a voltage regulation circuit, a current regulation circuit, a timer, and a semiconductor laser; The current regulating circuit, the timer are connected, the semiconductor laser, the voltage regulating circuit, the current regulating circuit, and the timing switch K are sequentially connected in series; one end of the timer is connected to the control unit, and the other end of the timer is connected to the timing switch K; the control unit The single-chip microcomputer plays the role of analyzing the laser output power characteristics and adjusting the working voltage value and current value of the laser. The timer plays the role of time detection and controlling the working condition of the laser. Instructions to adjust the working voltage and current of the laser to achieve the purpose of adjusting the output power of the laser.

In the above technical solution, the output wavelength of the semiconductor laser is 630-650nm, and the output power is 2-3mW.

In the above technical solution, the working procedure of the control unit controlling the voltage regulation circuit, current regulation circuit, and timer is: start 01→initialization 02→power calculation 03→voltage regulation 04→current regulation 05→timing comparison 06, if the time If the time is not up, return to 03; if the time is up, the switch K is turned off 07→end 08.

In the above technical solution, the output wavelength of the semiconductor laser is 640nm.

The semiconductor laser (laser wavelength is 630-650nm) is used as the stimulating light source, the 89C2051 single-chip microcomputer is used as the core unit of laser output control, and the voltage regulating circuit, current regulating circuit and timing control circuit are added to form the electrical part of the therapeutic device. Realized the provision of 630-650nm red laser light source, which can effectively control the output power and output time of the laser.

The circuit principle block diagram of the therapeutic apparatus is shown in Figure 1, 89C2051 as the core control unit is directly connected with the voltage regulation circuit, current regulation circuit, and timer; the semiconductor laser is connected in series with the voltage regulation circuit, current regulation circuit, and timing switch K. The software flow chart of the control circuit is shown in Figure 2, and the characteristics of the output power of the laser with time are shown in Figure 3. Combined with Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the working process of this therapeutic instrument is as follows:

When the therapeutic instrument starts to work, 89C2051 calculates the output power of the laser according to the characteristics shown in Figure 3, calculates the working voltage and current of the laser, sends instructions to the voltage regulation circuit and current regulation circuit, and the laser outputs the laser with the corresponding power. At the same time, the timer To judge the working time of the laser, when the working time reaches three minutes, the timer sends an instruction to turn off the timing switch K, and the therapeutic apparatus stops working.

The characteristics of this therapeutic instrument are: ① It provides a semiconductor laser of 630-650nm. Because the laser has the advantages of strong directionality, good coherence, and single wavelength, the monochromatic pure red laser can make the cone cells in the macular area of the fundus get better. Effective stimulation to activate visual function; ② Strictly follow the "GB7247.1-2001 Laser Product Safety Part 1; Equipment Classification, Requirements and User Guide" to control the output power and output time of the laser to ensure the safety of the treatment process ③The laser output power of the therapeutic device is 2-3mW, and the laser treatment time is three minutes; ④The laser output of the therapeutic device is continuous laser; ⑤The therapeutic device can be powered by batteries or portable DC power supply, ensuring ensure the safety of use;

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the semiconductor laser amblyopia therapeutic apparatus circuit of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a software flowchart of semiconductor laser amblyopia therapeutic apparatus of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the laser output waveform diagram of the semiconductor laser amblyopia therapeutic apparatus of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a diagram of the control panel of the semiconductor laser amblyopia therapeutic apparatus of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The implementation of the semiconductor laser amblyopia treatment device of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but they do not constitute a limitation to the patent protection of the present invention, and the advantages of the present invention will become clearer and easier to understand.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, it can be seen that the semiconductor laser amblyopia therapeutic apparatus of the present invention includes a control unit, a voltage regulation circuit, a current regulation circuit, a timer, and a semiconductor laser; the control unit is connected with the voltage regulation circuit, the current regulation circuit, and the timer respectively, The semiconductor laser, the voltage regulating circuit, the current regulating circuit, and the timing switch K are connected in series in sequence; one end of the timer is connected to the control unit, and the other end of the timer is connected to the timing switch K; the control unit plays a role in analyzing the characteristics of the laser output power. The single-chip microcomputer with the function of adjusting the working voltage value and current value of the laser, the timer plays the role of time detection and controlling the working condition of the laser, the voltage regulation circuit, and the current regulation circuit adjust the working voltage and current of the laser according to the instructions of the 89C2051 single-chip microcomputer , in order to achieve the purpose of adjusting the laser output power.

The output wavelength of the semiconductor laser is 630-650nm, and the power is 2-3mV; if the output wavelength is 640nm, the effect is better.

The working procedure of the control unit to control the voltage regulation circuit, current regulation circuit and timer is: start 01→initialization 02→power calculation 03→voltage regulation 04→current regulation 05→timing comparison 06, if the time is not up, return to 03 ; If the time is up, the switch K is turned off 07 → end 08.

As shown in Figure 1, 89C2051 as the core control unit is directly connected to the voltage regulation circuit, current regulation circuit, and timer; the semiconductor laser is connected in series with the voltage regulation circuit, current regulation circuit, and timing switch K. 89C2051, as the core control unit of the therapeutic instrument, plays the role of analyzing the characteristics of laser output power and adjusting the working voltage and current value of the laser. The timer plays the role of time detection and controlling the working condition of the laser. The instruction adjusts the operating voltage and current of the laser to achieve the purpose of adjusting the laser output power, so that the laser output meets the requirements of Figure 3.

The method of using this therapeutic device is: turn on the power switch, the power indicator light is on, the patient's eyes are close to the gaze window, press the "laser" button on the control panel of the therapeutic device (as shown in Figure 4), the laser indicator light is on, and the laser window is emitted to the affected eye ( If the patient has amblyopia in only one eye, please use a cover to cover the normal eye), the patient looks directly at the laser with the affected eye until the laser is fired, and the treatment process is over.

The following is the clinical verification report of this therapeutic device.

Analysis of curative effect of semiconductor laser therapy for 45 cases of amblyopia

The incidence rate of amblyopia remains high year by year in my country, and its incidence rate among children in our country is 2.83%, and it shows an increasing trend. The definition of amblyopia by the National Children's Amblyopia and Strabismus Prevention and Treatment Group of the Chinese Medical Association is: the corrected visual acuity ≤ 0.8 caused by functional factors without obvious organic lesions in the eye. Many scholars believe that the basis of amblyopia is form deprivation or abnormal interaction of the eyes, resulting in poor or inhibited visual cortex function. Animal experiments and electrophysiological examinations of clinical patients also support this view. At present, the treatment of amblyopia is mainly based on traditional masking therapy, visual stimulation therapy (CAM), afterimage method, depression therapy, red filter film therapy, drug therapy and helium-neon laser therapy that has appeared in recent years. 45 cases of amblyopia children were treated with semiconductor laser amblyopia treatment device, the longest course of treatment was 6 months, and the shortest course was 3 months. Obvious curative effect was achieved. The report is as follows:

1. Object

From July 2005 to March 2006, 45 children with amblyopia were treated in the outpatient clinic with a total of 81 eyes, including 23 males and 22 females. The oldest age was 16 years old, the youngest age was 3 years old, and the average age was 6.3 years old. According to the type of amblyopia, 61 cases had ametropia, 10 cases had anisometropia, 8 cases had strabismus, and 2 cases had form deprivation. 40 eyes were mild, 35 eyes were moderate, and 6 eyes were severe. Among them, 1 eye had optic atrophy, 6 eyes had exudation around the optic nerve, and 1 eye had posterior capsule opacity. And there are 14 eyes for paracentral gaze and 67 eyes for central gaze. PVEP examination of 39 eyes showed prolonged latency of P ₁₀₀ wave, 37 eyes were normal, and 6 eyes were not checked.

2. Method

The semiconductor laser treatment device for amblyopia of the present invention has an emission wavelength of 630-650nm, an output power of 2.5±0.5mW, and a retinal spot diameter of 5mm. Before treatment, check the distance and near vision routinely, and do the anterior segment and fundus examination. Use 1% atropine under the age of 8, dilate mydriasis/retinoscopy with compound tropicamide over the age of 8, and wear therapeutic lenses. Use semiconductor laser amblyopia treatment device to irradiate through the pupil, once a day to three times, each time for 3 minutes, for 3 months, if the visual acuity is improved to above 1.0, gradually change to once a day for three months. After each laser treatment, you can choose supporting afterimage training, red flash training, software visual stimulation training, and patients with side-center gaze can choose center training and other methods for training for several minutes. For those without binocular stereopsis, cooperate with binocular stereopsis training; if the treatment fails after 3 months, stop the treatment and switch to other treatments.

3. Efficacy evaluation

According to the curative effect evaluation standard for amblyopia of the National Children's Amblyopia and Strabismus Prevention and Treatment Group (1996.4) of the Chinese Medical Association:

(1) Ineffective: After treatment, the visual acuity improves <2 lines or remains unchanged

(2) Progress; visual acuity improved >= 2 lines after treatment

(3) Basic cure: visual acuity improved to >=0.9

(4) Recovery: After 3 years of follow-up, the visual acuity remains >= 1.0

4. Statistical methods

The x ² test was used for the curative effect evaluation, and the test standard was α=0.05.

Table 1 Curative effect of different degrees of amblyopia treatment

Note: In the chi-square test, basic cure and progress are combined into effective columns, and the following are similar.

Table 2 Efficacy of different types of treatment

Table 3 The curative effect of different years of illness

Table 4 Treatment efficacy at different ages

Table 5 The curative effect of different fixation properties

The occurrence of amblyopia is caused by a variety of reasons during the sensitive period of children's visual development: reduced light stimulation of one or both sides of the retina, decreased metabolism and activity of retinal photoreceptor cells, decreased synapse formation in the visual pathway, and then reduced the formation of synapses in the visual cortex of the brain. Inhibition, causing vision loss on the affected side, leading to the formation of amblyopia.

It has been reported abroad that in animal experiments with amblyopia caused by visual deprivation, pathological changes such as decreased number of neurons in the visual cortex and shrinkage of the lateral geniculate body were found. At the same time, in patients with amblyopia, the loss of fine vision is much more obvious than that of spatial perception, which also proves that the main damage of amblyopia occurs in the X-cell system dominated by cone cells. Amblyopia treatment therefore focuses on enhancing the light stimulation of the amblyopic eye, thereby activating the cone cells. The cone cells are most sensitive to light with a wavelength of 630-650nm.

The semiconductor laser amblyopia treatment instrument used in this clinical experiment has a wavelength of 630-650nm and a power of 2.5±0.5mW, which can easily penetrate the cornea and is rarely absorbed, so that it can fully act on the fovea of the macula, activate the cone cells, and promote The establishment of normal visual pathways; on the one hand, the local photothermal and electromagnetic effects of laser irradiation can promote retinal blood circulation, improve photoreceptor cell metabolism, and promote the recovery of photoreceptor cell functions, so it is suitable for various types of amblyopia treatment; on the other hand, red The laser only acts on the cone cells, while the rod cells are not sensitive to it, so it can correct the paracentral gaze accompanied by amblyopia at the same time; finally, the laser of this wavelength can penetrate the turbid refractive interstitium, so it can treat congenital cataract Or form deprivation amblyopia caused by acquired factors such as corneal clouding is theoretically also effective.

Statistical analysis of clinical experiment results shows that the total effective rate can reach 71.60%, of which the mild effective rate is 82.50%, and the moderate effective rate is 68.57%. There are statistical differences in the curative effect of different degrees of amblyopia: mild treatment is the best, moderate treatment is the second, and severe treatment is the worst. There are also statistical differences in the curative effect of amblyopia with different years of illness: the curative effect is the best for those with a course of less than 1 year, followed by those with a course of less than 4 years, and the effect is poorer for those with a course of more than 4 years. Observation of different types of curative effects showed that there was no significant statistical difference among ametropia, anisometropia and strabismus (P>0.05). There was no significant statistical difference in curative effect observation of different ages (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the curative effects of paracentral fixation and central fixation (P>0.05).

Periodic inspections during the course of treatment showed no obvious anterior segment and fundus damage, and the macula was normal. The P ₁₀₀ latency of 39 patients with abnormal PVEP was significantly shortened, and 18 of them fell below 100ms. The reasons for the analysis of ineffective cases may be as follows: (1) The child's compliance is poor, and the eyes are deliberately closed or shifted during the irradiation process, so that the irradiation light cannot act on the macular part of the fundus, which affects the therapeutic effect. (2) The length of the patient's onset time, the longer the onset time, the worse the treatment effect. (3) The degree of amblyopia, the lower the amblyopia, the worse the curative effect. (4) With or without other fundus lesions, the treatment effect is poor for those with other fundus lesions.

The experimental results show that the semiconductor laser treatment of amblyopia is relatively safe and effective in the short term, and the treatment is simplified and the treatment cycle is shortened; Good clinical application value. Combined use of comprehensive training methods such as afterimage training, red flash training, and software visual stimulation training will be more effective. We will make further observations and reports on its long-term curative effect and long-term damage response to refractive media and retina.

It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make appropriate changes and deformations to the present invention without changing the principles of the present invention, which also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. The semiconductor laser amblyopia therapeutic apparatus is characterized in that it includes a control unit, a voltage regulation circuit, a current regulation circuit, a timer, and a semiconductor laser; the control unit is connected with the voltage regulation circuit, the current regulation circuit, and the timer respectively, and the semiconductor laser , a voltage regulating circuit, a current regulating circuit, and a timing switch K are sequentially connected in series; one end of the timer is connected to the control unit, and the other end of the timer is connected to the timing switch K; the control unit is used for analysis of laser output power characteristics and laser The single-chip microcomputer with the adjustment function of the working voltage value and the current value, the timer plays the role of time detection and control of the working condition of the laser, the voltage regulation circuit, and the current regulation circuit adjust the working voltage and current of the laser according to the instructions of the 89C2051 single-chip microcomputer, so as to To achieve the purpose of adjusting the laser output power, the output wavelength of the semiconductor laser is 630-650nm, and the output power is 2-3mW. 2. The semiconductor laser treatment device for amblyopia according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit controls the voltage regulation circuit, current regulation circuit, and timer working procedures as follows: start (01)→initialization (02)→power calculation (03) → voltage adjustment (04) → current adjustment (05) → timing comparison (06), if the time is not up, then return to (03); if the time is up, switch K off (07) → end (08). 3. The semiconductor laser treatment device for amblyopia according to claim 1, characterized in that the output wavelength of the semiconductor laser is 640nm.

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