The apparatus and method of producing continuous carbon nano-tube fibre by liquid sealed vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction
Technical field
The present invention relates to the synthetic of carbon nano-tube fibre, a kind of apparatus and method of producing continuous carbon nano-tube fibre by liquid sealed vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction particularly, it is liquid sealed vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction synthesizing continuous carbon nanometer tube fiber and method that fiber is directly handled in high-temperature region, liquid.
Technical background
Carbon nano-tube fibre has superpower and the high conductivity characteristic, and has characteristics such as high heat conduction, air-sensitive, electric field transmitted.This novel high strength multifunctional fiber has important application prospects at aspects such as high-strength composite material, high conducing composite material, novel conductive material, sensor, electrochemical capacitance and artificial-muscles.Chinese patent CN1724346 A discloses the method for making carbon nanotube microfibers with the CNT fragment.
The most promising method of preparation continuous carbon nano-tube fibre is a high temperature vapor phase stream process for catalytic synthesis at present, this method has been used special equipment, adopt reaction carbon source and iron-containing catalysts such as ethanol, the floating catalytic reaction takes place in being higher than 1000 ℃ hydrogen stream, under appropriate reaction conditions, in air-flow, can grow continuous carbon nano-tube fibre (U.S. Pat Patent 2005/006801-A1).Because reaction is the high-temperature hydrogen sealing system, be difficult at present directly obtain continuous accessible carbon nano-tube fibre by reaction.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of apparatus and method of producing continuous carbon nano-tube fibre by liquid sealed vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction.The present invention can realize the reaction zone carbon nano-tube fibre is carried out direct control and uses the seal fluid medium that carbon nano-tube fibre is handled, obtain high-purity, high-intensity continuous carbon nano-tube fibre, the reaction condition gentleness, suitability for mass industrialized production carbon nano-tube fibre is widely used.
The device of producing continuous carbon nano-tube fibre by liquid sealed vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction provided by the invention mainly comprises the synthesis reactor that tube furnace, quartz ampoule are formed, also comprise the fluid box of containing the seal fluid medium, the seal fluid case is connected by flange with the quartz ampoule outlet side of synthesis reactor, micro-injection pump is positioned at the air inlet position of synthesis reactor, and nozzle is positioned at the inlet end of quartz ampoule.With the liquid phase medium in the fluid box reaction zone and outside air are separated.The basically identical of the synthesis reactor parts of carbon nano-tube fibre and United States Patent (USP) (2005/006801-A1) report.
Described fluid box is a trapezium structure, can adopt vertical type device and horizontal type device.
The vertical type device, the top mid portion sealing of described fluid box, the top both-side opening is for the usefulness of operation carbon nano-tube fibre.Fluid box crown center hermetic unit has the circular hole identical with the quartz ampoule diameter, and this hole is connected by flange with quartz ampoule; Both sides in the crown center sealing are connected with and angled two baffle plates of level, the outside of the right baffle plate is opened aperture and is adorned peephole, at trapezoidal fluid box the inside rigid staybolt rod, support reflective mirror above the rod, reflective mirror can reflex to the pattern of reaction zone on the peephole, can observe the phenomenon of reaction zone by peephole.During experiment when not ventilating body baffle plate inboard identical with outside liquid level, inside pressure is a bit larger tham outside pressure when gas, make inboard liquid level be lower than slightly outside liquid level.
Horizontal type device, fluid box are the containers of splendid attire seal fluid medium, and the global design of fluid box is a right angle trapezium structure.The top left-half sealing of described fluid box, the right half part opening is for the usefulness of operation carbon nano-tube fibre; The fluid box top is connected with and the angled baffle plate of level, and the outside of baffle plate has aperture and adorns peephole, can observe the reacting phenomenon in the quartz ampoule from peephole; Have the circular hole identical with the quartz ampoule diameter on the right angle of right-angled trapezium fluid box face, this hole is connected by flange with quartz ampoule.The inboard of baffle plate is identical with outside liquid level when leading to reacting gas, and the baffle plate inside pressure is a bit larger tham outside pressure when feeding reacting gas, and outer liquid level also just is higher than the medial surface liquid level.
The step that the method for producing continuous carbon nano-tube fibre by liquid sealed vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction provided by the invention comprises:
1) mixed solution of preparation ethanol (carbon source), catalyst ferrocene, promoter thiophene and water injects H with mixed solution with micro-injection pump
2The carrier gas air-flow in.
2) import in the quartz ampoule through nozzle, react under hot conditions, reaction zone generates the continuous carbon nano-tube fibre of tubular.
3) with the carbon nano-tube fibre that forms with the seal fluid media processes or directly the carbon nano-tube fibre of formation is operated from reaction zone.
The mass percent of described ethanol, ferrocene, thiophene and water is formed: 80~96%, 1.0~3.0%, 1.0~3.0%, 1.0~10.0%.
The mixed aqueous solution injection rate of described ethanol, ferrocene and thiophene is 5~10ml/h.
Described H
2The carrier gas air velocity is 500~1200ml/min.
Under the described hot conditions be 900~1200 ℃.
The continuous carbon nano-tube fibre diameter of described tubular is 0.5~1.5cm.
Described liquid medium is: H
2O, 5~20%HCl, 5~30%H
2SO
4, 5~30%HNO
3, one or more the mixing in the ethanol, ethylene glycol, 2~20%PVP liquid, 2~20%PVA liquid, silicone oil, preferable liquid medium is water and silicone oil.
Described carbon source also can be acetone, ethylene glycol or n-hexane; Catalyst also can be iron chloride, nickel oxalate or cobalt acetate.Thiophene is a kind of promoter for preparing carbon nano-tube fibre, can improve the purity and the output of preparation carbon nano-tube fibre with thiophene.
The present invention has realized the reaction zone carbon nano-tube fibre is carried out direct control and uses the seal fluid medium that carbon nano-tube fibre is handled, obtain high-purity, high-intensity continuous carbon nano-tube fibre, the reaction condition gentleness, suitability for mass industrialized production carbon nano-tube fibre is widely used.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: for vertical type prepares continuous carbon nano-tube fibre device overall structure generalized section.
Fig. 2: for vertical type prepares the continuous carbon nano-tube fibre device fluid box generalized section of bowing.
Fig. 3: be horizontal preparation continuous carbon nano-tube fibre device overall structure generalized section.
Fig. 4: be the horizontal preparation continuous carbon nano-tube fibre device fluid box generalized section of bowing.
Fig. 5: for embodiment 1 obtains fine and close carbon nano-tube fibre uniformly.
The specific embodiment
The method of producing continuous carbon nano-tube fibre by liquid sealed vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction provided by the invention, with reference to specific embodiment, but they are not limitations of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, 1 fluid box, 2 baffle plates, 3 peepholes, the outlet of 4 tail gas, 5 connect the flange of fluid box and quartz ampoule, 6 tube furnaces, 7 carbon nano-tube fibres, 8 quartz ampoules, 9 micro-injection pumps, 10 connect the flange of inlet tube and quartz ampoule, 11 nozzles, 12 seal fluids, 13 support sticks, 14 reflective mirrors.
The device that liquid sealing vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction provided by the invention prepares continuous carbon nano-tube fibre mainly comprises the synthesis reactor that tube furnace 6, quartz ampoule 8 are formed, also comprise the fluid box 1 of containing the seal fluid medium, micro-injection pump 9 is positioned at the air inlet position of synthesis reactor, the flange 10 that connects air inlet pipe and quartz ampoule is positioned at the reaction front end, and nozzle 11 is positioned at the inlet end of quartz ampoule.With the liquid phase medium in the fluid box reaction zone and outside air are separated, the seal fluid case is connected by flange 5 with the quartz ampoule outlet side of synthesis reactor.The basically identical of the synthesis reactor parts of carbon nano-tube fibre and United States Patent (USP) (2005/006801-A1) report.
The vertical type device:
Fluid box 1 is the container of splendid attire seal fluid medium, and the global design of fluid box is a trapezium structure, the top mid portion sealing of fluid box, and the top both-side opening is for the usefulness of operation carbon nano-tube fibre.Fluid box crown center sealing separately one with the identical circular hole of quartz ampoule 8 diameters, this hole is connected by flange 5 with quartz ampoule 8.
Both sides in the crown center sealing are connected with and angled two baffle plates 2 of level, and the outside of the right baffle plate is opened an aperture and adorned a peephole 3.Fix a support stick 13 in the trapezoidal container the inside, support a reflective mirror 14 above the rod, reflective mirror can reflex to the pattern of reaction zone on the peephole 3, can observe the phenomenon of reaction zone by peephole 3.
During experiment when not ventilating body baffle plate inboard identical with outside liquid level, inside pressure is a bit larger tham outside pressure when gas, make inboard liquid level be lower than slightly outside liquid level.
Horizontal type device:
Fluid box 1 is the fluid box of splendid attire seal fluid medium, and the global design of fluid box is a right angle trapezium structure, the top left-half sealing of fluid box, and the right half part opening is for the usefulness of operation carbon nano-tube fibre.Apical end connection one and the angled baffle plate 2 of level, the outside of baffle plate is opened an aperture and is adorned a peephole 3.On the right angle of right-angled trapezium fluid box face, open one with the identical circular hole of quartz ampoule 8 diameters, this hole is connected by flange 5 with quartz ampoule 8.From peephole 3, can observe the reacting phenomenon in the quartz ampoule 8.The inboard of baffle plate 2 is identical with outside liquid level when leading to reacting gas, and the baffle plate inside pressure is a bit larger tham outside pressure when feeding reacting gas, and outer liquid level also just is higher than the medial surface liquid level.
The specific embodiment that liquid sealing vapor-phase flow catalytic reaction provided by the invention prepares continuous carbon nano-tube fibre is as follows:
Embodiment 1
Water is the seal fluid medium.Ethanol (carbon source), ferrocene (catalyst), thiophene (promoter), water are pressed 23.70g, 0.45g, the ultrasonic mixing wiring solution-forming of 0.40g, 0.66g, and solution injects 600ml/min H by micro syringe with 7.0ml/h speed
2In the reaction gas flow, synthetic reaction is carried out in quartz ampoule, and the horizontal pipe atmosphere furnace is provided with 1150 ℃ and is reaction temperature.Can be observed from peephole after the reaction beginning, vaporific carbon nano-tube fibre produces in quartz ampoule, and along with flowing of carrier gas stream, fiber becomes the continuous carbon nano-tube fibre of the tubular of 0.5~1.5cm.Can carry out the direct mechanical operation to the carbon nano-tube fibre that forms by the water-stop medium, the carbon pipe fiber that takes out from reaction zone is by behind the aqueous medium, and diameter becomes about 0.1cm, and intensity increases, and fiber surface and water soak into.When the water evaporation back of fiber absorption fiber become fine and close more, diameter is about 0.02cm, it is original 1/75~1/25 that fibre diameter is punctured into, the intensity increase of fiber.
Embodiment 2
Joining 10% HCl solution is the seal fluid medium.Ethanol, ferrocene, thiophene, water are pressed 23.70g, 0.45g, the ultrasonic mixing wiring solution-forming of 0.40g, 0.66g, and solution injects 600ml/min H by micro syringe with 7.0ml/h speed
2In the reaction gas flow, synthetic reaction is carried out in quartz ampoule, and the horizontal pipe atmosphere furnace is provided with 1150 ℃ and is reaction temperature.Can be observed from peephole after the reaction beginning, vaporific carbon nano-tube fibre produces in quartz ampoule, and along with flowing of carrier gas stream, fiber becomes the continuous carbon nano-tube fibre of the tubular of 0.5~1.5cm.Can carry out the direct mechanical operation to the carbon nano-tube fibre that forms by the water-stop medium, the carbon pipe fiber that takes out from reaction zone is by behind the aqueous medium, and diameter becomes about 0.1cm, and intensity increases, and fiber surface and water soak into.
Embodiment 3
Join 10%HNO
3Solution is the seal fluid medium.Ethanol, ferrocene, thiophene, water are pressed 23.70g, 0.45g, the ultrasonic mixing wiring solution-forming of 0.40g, 0.66g, and solution injects 600ml/min H by micro syringe with 7.0ml/h speed
2In the reaction gas flow, synthetic reaction is carried out in quartz ampoule, and vertical tubular type atmosphere furnace is provided with 1150 ℃ and is reaction temperature.Can be observed from peephole after the reaction beginning, vaporific carbon nano-tube fibre produces in quartz ampoule, and along with flowing of carrier gas stream, fiber becomes the continuous carbon nano-tube fibre of the tubular of 0.5~1.5cm.Can carry out the direct mechanical operation to the carbon nano-tube fibre that forms by the water-stop medium, the carbon pipe fiber that takes out from reaction zone is by behind the aqueous medium, and diameter becomes about 0.1cm, and intensity increases, and fiber surface and water soak into.
Embodiment 4
Joining the 10%PVA aqueous solution is the seal fluid medium.Ethanol, ferrocene, thiophene, water are pressed 23.70g, 0.45g, the ultrasonic mixing wiring solution-forming of 0.40g, 0.66g, and solution injects 600ml/min H by micro syringe with 7.0ml/h speed
2In the reaction gas flow, synthetic reaction is carried out in quartz ampoule, and vertical tubular type atmosphere furnace is provided with 1150 ℃ and is reaction temperature.Can be observed from peephole after the reaction beginning, vaporific carbon nano-tube fibre produces in quartz ampoule, and along with flowing of carrier gas stream, fiber becomes the continuous carbon nano-tube fibre of the tubular of 0.5~1.5cm.Can carry out the direct mechanical operation to the carbon nano-tube fibre that forms by the water-stop medium, the carbon pipe fiber that takes out from reaction zone is by behind 10%PVA aqueous medium, and diameter becomes about 0.2cm, and intensity increases.Fiber enters 10%PVA aqueous solution fluid box with air-flow, and the PVA aqueous solution and carbon nano-tube fibre are directly compound, and the fiber after compound can be by direct control.