CN100559337C - 控制装置 - Google Patents
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- CN100559337C CN100559337C CNB2006800106334A CN200680010633A CN100559337C CN 100559337 C CN100559337 C CN 100559337C CN B2006800106334 A CNB2006800106334 A CN B2006800106334A CN 200680010633 A CN200680010633 A CN 200680010633A CN 100559337 C CN100559337 C CN 100559337C
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G9/053—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks the controlling member comprising a ball
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G2009/04703—Mounting of controlling member
- G05G2009/04707—Mounting of controlling member with ball joint
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G2009/0474—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks characterised by means converting mechanical movement into electric signals
- G05G2009/04755—Magnetic sensor, e.g. hall generator, pick-up coil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G2009/0474—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks characterised by means converting mechanical movement into electric signals
- G05G2009/04759—Light-sensitive detector, e.g. photoelectric
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G2009/04766—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks providing feel, e.g. indexing means, means to create counterforce
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G2009/04777—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks with additional push or pull action on the handle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
- G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
- G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
- G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
- G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
- G05G2009/04781—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks with additional rotation of the controlling member
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Abstract
一种控制装置(1),用于利用可旋转结构(2)提供连接到位移装置(6)上的对象(7)的四个位置参数,三个确定位置参数为:x和y倾斜以及绕z轴的旋转角;第四个参数为位移装置(6)z方向上的位置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有至少四个自由度的控制装置,特别涉及读取x和y上的两个倾角偏移、绕z轴的一个旋转角以及z轴上的线性偏移的控制装置。
背景技术
为了各种目的,已经制造出许多不同类型的控制装置。最常用的控制装置是所谓的鼠标,在二维上提供位置变量,用来控制计算机上的应用操作。其它的接口控制装置包括所谓的操纵杆,其也是在二维上从该操纵杆中提供位置变量;然而,通过使用额外的与操纵杆关联的按钮,可以增加“位置变量”的数量,但是应当理解,这种装置仅仅只是在二维上物理的测量位置变量。轨迹球也传输二维数据;游戏手柄(game pad)通常使用类似手柄的小型操纵杆来测量位置变量,并且通过使用额外的按钮可以将控制器功能范围延伸到更多的控制数据;方向盘(用于计算机游戏)在一维上传递数据。
在许多已知的解决方案中,控制装置仅仅给出参考测量而不是绝对测量,意味着对于依赖控制装置绝对坐标来正确操作的应用来说,需要复杂的计算来持续的保持控制装置的位置轨迹。此外,这种装置需要定期校准,或者它们将持续的累积误差,很快对于应用来说就可能变得危险。
通常,对于工业和/或专业领域的应用来说,二维并不够用,但是更多的物理位置变量的测量是有利的。为此,文献中可以找到几个解决方案,比如在WO 8805942中,其显示了具有六自由度的操纵杆装置,在US 5,854,622中显示了以六个自由度来测量移动的操纵杆,或者在US 5,565,891中,其显示了六自由度手动操作控制器。然而,在这许多情况下,其解决方案使用复杂、制造成本高,和/或根据它们的几何尺寸和设计难以在某些应用领域实施。
所有上述应用的目标都是指向手持控制装置,用来控制某些外部过程,比如计算机游戏或者机器、车辆或其它设备的控制。在某些行业领域,希望具有这样的装置,其能够测量插入到或连接到该装置上的对象的位置和移动。比如在外科手术模拟等中,然而,为此目的的装置通常比较庞大、复杂和昂贵,意味着需要一种用于这些应用的划算的、可靠的解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种控制装置,该控制装置可测量四个方向的位置变量,并且具有通过使用与该位置测量相连的单独控制按钮来提供额外控制数据的额外选择。
本发明的第一个方面,提供一种控制装置,以至少四个位置参数提供对象的位置,包括:
-可旋转结构;
-至少一个传感器,用于测量所述可旋转结构的位置;
-位移装置,提供线性位移和与所述线性位移成比例的信号;
其中,至少一个传感器与可旋转结构感应的连接,用于以三个角度位置参数来确定可旋转结构的位置,位移装置布置成连接到可旋转结构上以允许其穿过所述可旋转结构移动,并且提供第四位置参数的测量,控制装置进一步布置成提供所述四个位置参数的指示信号。
传感器可以为非接触传感器。非接触传感器可以为光学传感器或测量磁性特征的磁性传感器。
光学传感器可以布置成检测可旋转结构上的光学式样。光学式样为预先构造的式样,增强确定所述三个角度位置参数的分辨率。
用于测量磁性特征的传感器可以布置成测量可旋转结构上的磁性式样。
传感器可以为使用滑环的阻抗测量传感器。
位移装置的一部分可以布置在孔中,该孔布置成至少穿过可旋转结构的一部分。
穿过可旋转结构的孔可以布置成完全穿过可旋转结构的中心部分。
第一对象可以布置成机械连接到位移装置上。
布置成机械连接到位移装置上的第一对象可以为使用者可操作的手柄。
手柄可包括至少一个提供功能信号的接口单元。
第一对象可为接收装置,用于接收第二对象,并包括支持第二对象的箝位装置。
布置成机械连接到位移装置上的第一对象可为医疗模拟装置,布置成接收用于在哺乳动物体内使用的医疗器械或模拟医疗器械。
医疗器械或模拟医疗器械可为内视镜、腹腔镜、直肠镜、导尿管、支架和喉镜中的至少一个。
控制装置可进一步包括至少一个连接到可旋转结构上的弹性机构,允许可旋转结构在垂直于位移装置的平面上线性平移。
至少一个传感器和/或位移装置测量连接到位移装置上的第一对象的绝对位置。
四个参数分别是x方向角度偏移、y方向角度偏移、绕垂直于x和y方向限定的平面的轴的旋转角以及在垂直于x和y方向限定的平面的轴方向上的线性位移参数。
控制装置可进一步包括施加给可旋转结构和位移装置中至少一个的力回馈。
参考下述实施例的说明,本发明的这些以及其它方面将会变得明显。
附图说明
以下将参考附图中所示的示例性实施例,以非限制性方式详细说明本发明,其中:
图1a为根据本发明的控制装置的侧视图;
图1b为根据本发明的控制装置的俯视图;
图2为根据本发明的处理装置的示意图;
图3为图1a中控制装置的细节示意图;
图4为根据本发明的线性位移装置的示意图;
图5为根据本发明具有手柄的控制装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明为图1a和1b中所示的控制装置1,包括可旋转结构2(比如球状结构)、至少一个传感器3、4和5、位移装置6和外壳8,对象7可连接到位移装置6上,外壳8围绕有一些组件。该控制装置1还包括接线盒9和选择按钮10、11和12。图1a示出了装置1沿着图1b中的线1a的侧视图,图1b为沿着图1a中的线1b的俯视图。
可旋转结构2可以连接到外壳8或其它具有弹性件的支持结构(图中未示)上,或者可以在机械设计足够牢固(tight)的支架中自由旋转,以将可旋转结构保持在适当的位置上。轮子或其它支承机构(图中未示)可以将可旋转结构2支持在正确和稳定的位置上,用于传感器3、4和5读取可旋转结构2的位置。在实施例中,可旋转结构2为球状结构,然而因为其不需要在所有的方向上完全旋转,所以可以偏离球状结构,比如其可以截去位移装置6所在引出端的顶端和/或底端。
位移装置6可以连接到可旋转结构2中的孔13上,以允许位移装置6或连接到位移装置6上的对象7穿过球2移动。
位移装置6可以是线性位移测量单元,具有保持固定的一个部分和相对于固定部分可旋转的另一个部分,比如相对于可旋转结构2固定的外侧部分15和相对于固定的外侧部分15在一个方向上移动的内侧部分14。一些传感装置结合到线性位移装置6中,测量内侧部分14相对于外侧部分15的相对位置。本领域技术人员应当理解,相对于传感装置的位置和相对可旋转结构2固定的那个部分,功能可以在外侧部分15和内侧部分14之间转换。线性位移装置6所使用的词语线性意味着机械关系,然而由位移产生的电信号不必是线性的,而可以是本领域技术人员能够理解的任何标定函数。根据控制装置1的应用,可以使用不同的线性位移解决方案。在某些情况下,位移装置6可以延伸穿过可旋转结构2,并且甚至延伸出可旋转结构2之下或甚至外壳8之下,在这样的情况下,位移装置6可以包括一长轴或类似相对于装置6固定部分移动的结构;然而,如果不允许位移装置6穿过可旋转结构和/或位于可旋转结构之下,那么可以为相对于固定部分可移动的位移装置6中的一部分设置伸缩机械装置。在不允许位移装置6穿过可旋转结构的这种情况下,可以设置弹性件来促进可移动部分退回到开始位置,其中,该弹性件可以位于可旋转结构2内、在孔13的底部;该孔没有延伸贯穿可旋转结构2的整个路径。
至少一个传感器3、4和5连接到外壳8上,并测量一个或多个位置相关变量。这些变量用于以三个角度位置确定可旋转结构的绝对位置。传感器3、4和5可以是光学传感类型,读取可旋转结构2表面上的式样。光学传感器可以是相机,获取式样的图像,采用合适的图像处理,可以获得以三个角度变量表示的可旋转结构2的位置。通过使用对于图像处理系统来说已知的预先构造的式样,可以获得变量的加强分辨率。这三个角度可以是x和y方向上的倾角以及绕着z方向上轴点(axis pointing)的旋转角,垂直于x和y方向限定的平面。位移装置6和孔13一样,其位置可以设置成其纵向沿着这个z方向。
如本领域技术人员理解的那样,传感器可以以合适的角度位于可旋转结构2的圆周上,比如,当使用三个传感器3、4和5的时候,可以以相对120°的位置位于可旋转结构2的周围。他们也可以位于不同的平面上,比如,当处于松弛(或中立)位置时,两个传感器3和4位于一个垂直于沿着线性位移装置6的轴的平面上,一个传感器5可以位于远离上述平面的不同位置上(比如,直接位于可旋转结构2的下方、可旋转结构2的底端或者底端和上述限定的平面之间的位置上)。
当与可旋转结构2和/或位移装置6的移动相结合的时候,按钮10、11和12可以用作比如开/关、复位或用于增加功能性。控制装置1可以包括手柄或连接到位移装置6的类似装置上的按钮或其它接口单元,用于方便操作额外的功能,允许单手操作由控制装置1控制的设备。在以下进一步的不同类型应用实例中可以发现这种另外的功能性和接口解决方案的例子。
所有控制装置可移动的部分,包括功能按钮或其它用户接口单元,可以设置有弹性机构,来促使它们退回到开始位置。
在优选实施例中,两个光学传感器3和4彼此之间相隔90°或120°,用于确定可旋转结构2的角位置;然而,本发明并不限于这个传感器数量,可以使用更多或更少的传感器。光学传感器可以是比如CMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体)或CCD(电荷耦合装置)图像采集类型,来获取可旋转结构2表面式样的图像。图像处理用来追踪式样的特征并确定从图像到图像的相对移动。通过在表面上预先构造已知的具有唯一特征的式样,对可旋转结构的位置有个绝对的测量是可能的。已经具有一个光学传感器和图像追踪处理而没有任何预先构造式样,可能具有相对位置确定系统。具有一个传感器3和预先构造式样,使用图像追踪确定可旋转结构的绝对位置是可能的。在另一个实施例中,一个或几个磁性传感器3、4和5测量磁性式样和类似的式样追踪,光学系统可用于定位和确定可旋转结构2的相对或绝对位置。
根据使用的传感元件,式样应当是合适大小和类型的,比如当使用光学传感器时其大小应当符合分辨率和图像区域。
如图2所示,来自传感器3、4和5以及位移装置6的信号都被通过连接器207传输到处理装置200,用于图像处理和信号调整,以便将指示可旋转结构2和位移装置6位置的一个或多个信号提供给利用连接器203连接到处理装置上的某个外部装置。根据控制装置的应用,该处理装置可以包括处理器201、存储单元(或多个存储单元)202、图像处理单元204以及其它的单元205和206。该处理单元可以具有通讯接口,与外部装置或连接到控制装置1上的可选单元进行通讯。这种可选单元可以包括但不限于力回馈、箝位(clamping)装置或者类似的交互装置,用于与控制装置的使用者交互。通过本领域技术人员所知的任何合适的连接器或多个连接器,包括但不限于USB(通用串行总线)、火线(Firewire)、RS232、RS485、以太网、并行接口(centronics parallel port)、GPIB(通用接口总线)、不同的无线接口(比如蓝牙和无线局域网)等等,可以设置用于与外部装置或内部传感器输入通讯的接口。列出的接口都是根据已存在的标准接口,但是可以理解,也可以包括未来的标准解决方案或者甚至是专利接口。
因为可旋转结构2是封在控制装置1的外壳8内,所以可以有利地使用非接触传感器装置;然而,即使不是封装的,也可以使用这些类型的传感器。因此,只有少量的干扰可以影响读取,比如灰尘、光线或杂散磁场。在一个实施例中,外壳8由导电材料制成,具有磁屏蔽特性,来减小影响磁性传感器测量可旋转结构2位置的风险。
然而,本发明并不限于可旋转结构2位置的非接触测量,也可以采用接触传感器,包括但不限于滑环(slip rings)、阻抗测量(impedance measurements)、分压器(voltagedividers)、数字编码器(digital encoders)和电容测量(capacitive measurements)。
图3为根据本发明的控制装置1的详细视图。在这种情况下,允许位移装置6穿过可旋转结构2并进一步向下进入外壳的下部,或者如果根据应用和安装适用的话,甚至进一步向下。用于支持可旋转结构的支持结构17设置有大于位移装置6可移动部分14的孔18。为了能够在x和y方向上倾斜移动,这是必须的。比如,外壳8可以限定允许的x和y倾斜方向范围或者支持结构17可以用于同样的目的。用于确定可旋转结构2位置的传感器3和5位于支持结构17内或支持结构17上。来自传感器3和5的信号在信号线21和22中被传送到处理装置200用于处理。来自位移装置6的信号也可以利用合适的信号线或多根信号线(图中未示)传送到处理装置200。传感器和信号线的数量并不限于所示的数量,而是根据使用传感器的应用、类型和数量而可以更多或更少。来自功能按钮10、11和12或任何其它接口功能性的信号以同样的方式在合适的信号线中被传送到处理装置200。
图4显示了本发明中使用的线性位移装置6;然而,本领域技术人员应当理解,可以使用其它类型的位移装置。在图4中,外侧部分15和内侧部分14彼此是相对可移动的,并且用于测量两个元件彼此相对位置的电连接器可以位于外侧部分15上或内侧部分14上。对象7可以安置到、附着到或者机械连接到内侧部分14上或外侧部分15上。在图4中,其是附着到内侧部分14上。对象7可以是比如手柄,可包括进一步的控制接口单元(按钮、开关或继电器)、用于接收另一个要被安置的对象(比如要被模仿或模拟的外科手术器械)的接收装置或者用于调准远距离对象的调试机器设备。以下所列的本发明使用实例中可以找到更多这方面的说明。
当在可旋转结构2表面上采用预先构造的式样的时候,具有四个位置参数的控制装置由于其角度测量可获得高精度而可以用作角度检测装置。用于这种应用的系统需要具有与所选传感器一致的式样,也就是式样部分的大小必须要足够小,使得式样的合适部分在每个时候都符合传感器的视野范围。比如,对于光学传感器读取图像来说,几个式样部分应当是可见的。然而,该式样也不能太小,因为这样的话图像传感器就会由于图像传感器元件有限的分辨率而有丢失细节从而误读的风险。
多维控制装置可以在计算机游戏(gaming)应用、车辆控制(驾驶汽车(steeringcars)、卡车、飞机、直升机和公共汽车)、机器控制中找到应用,比如用于重型机械(挖掘机、装料设备、采矿等等)和起重机以及模拟装置。在许多不同的领域可以找到模拟装置,比如用于训练飞行员、机器操作员、医生等等。图5为用于游戏和/或专业应用的控制装置500的立体图。控制装置500包括基板501、可旋转结构502、位移装置506、手柄520、滚轮525和功能按钮526和527。基板501可布置成用于单独站立的目的,其中控制装置500用于比如游戏应用,并且需要站立在桌面上或悬挂起来,或者也可在如专业应用(比如作为机械设备中的控制装置)中布置成用于安装目的,用于将控制装置固定或半固定在被控制的设备中或邻近被控制的设备的合适位置上。该控制装置500还包括手柄520,提供把手和选择按钮526和527和/或滚轮525,来提供附加的功能和被控制设备的移动控制信号。滚轮525的功能还可以设计为拨动开关,提供两个运动方向(比如向前或向后)的指示信号。手柄520机械的连接到位置装置506上,并且当操作者向上或向下按压的时候,其将会相应的移动,位移装置506将会产生这种位移的指示信号。同时,位移装置506与可旋转结构502机械连接,使其能够在x和y倾斜方向上移动,并绕着z轴旋转,如上所述。测量可旋转结构2移动的传感器将会产生这种位移的指示信号。在控制装置500中设置有处理单元,来处理来自不同传感器和功能接口(按钮、开关和继电器)的信号,并且将信号提供给将要控制的设备,比如计算机控制计算机游戏或者处理单元控制机器。这样的信号可以通过任何合适的本领域技术人员能够理解的连接器(图中未示)来提供,包括但不限于USB(通用串行总线)、火线(Firewire)、RS232、RS485、以太网、并行接口(centronics parallel port)、GPIB(通用接口总线)、不同的无线接口(比如蓝牙和无线局域网)等等。箭头531、532和533表示控制装置500的几个可能位移方向,箭头530表示滚轮525的位移方向。箭头532指示了控制装置500的一个倾斜方向;然而,其它倾斜方向也是可能的,都围绕球502的手柄520的360°圆周。
根据本发明的控制装置1可以用作计算机的接口单元,用于计算机游戏或类似的应用,或者用作模拟装置(比如飞行模拟器)的接口单元。在一个实施例中,多个控制装置1连接到单个的接口单元(图中未示),比如根据本发明的两个控制装置1,其中一个控制装置用来控制一个处理过程,另一个控制装置用来控制另一个处理过程。比如在游戏应用(计算机游戏)中,一个装置可以用来控制视图中人物的移动,其它的控制装置用来控制人物手持的装置(比如武器或类似的装置)。从而,使用者可以同时操作几个功能或动作。本领域技术人员可以理解,这种双重控制装置的特征也可以用来控制其它的设备。
在使用、训练和/或机器人程序中,可以使用根据本发明的控制装置1。在使用机器人或机器人程序从事自动任务期间,人们可以利用控制装置1来控制机器人。在这种应用中,机器人可以是用在自动制造过程中的装置,比如用在工厂的装配线中或类似的操作中。
在医学内的专业训练中,比如医生、外科医生或兽医侵入和/或非侵入哺乳动物身体内的外科手术中,使用模拟和/或仿真装置。这些供外科手术或诊断装置使用,比如腹腔镜仪器或其它用于内窥(keyhole)的外科手术或诊断的仪器,比如腹腔镜、导尿管、支架(stent)、喉镜或内视镜,进入模拟或仿真装置(以下指模拟装置)来给使用模拟装置的人提供真实环境的感觉。医学领域内的其它应用也是有用的,比如直肠镜、妇产科检查和牙科检查。在计算机屏幕上,根据测量进入模拟装置的外科手术装置移动的传感器信号,训练中的人员将会看到模拟下的仪器及其移动。在这种应用中,根据本发明的控制装置1将是适用的。外科手术装置进入控制装置1的开口,外壳8和接收机构7将会接收该外科手术装置并在模拟期间支持该外科手术装置。接收机构可以与位移装置6结合,从而可以在“z方向”和x、y方向的倾斜方向上移动,并且绕着z轴旋转。控制装置将会测量外科手术装置在z方向上的位移、z方向上的旋转和x、y倾斜方向上的位移。处理装置将会测量外科手术装置的位置,并将这个位置的指示数据传给模拟装置的处理系统,其将会利用这些数据来更新计算机屏幕上仪器相对于模拟装置的图像。
通过比如将几个接收机构7以相互平行或串联的方式连接到位移装置6上,超过一个模拟外科手术仪器可以同时应用在控制装置1上。
在这种类型的应用中,有利的是使用机械交互回馈以及计算机屏幕提供的视觉回馈。这种机械交互回馈包括力回馈,向使用者提供在现实状态下可能遇到的机械力。箝位或摩擦装置可以提供用于训练中某一场景的真实摩擦力,比如模拟仪器刺穿血管壁、遇到血管翻转或弯曲、遇到骨头或与其它身体部分相接。比如在入口处接收仪器的支持装置可以布置成以一定的力支持仪器并且允许仪器位移,或者力可以施加给线性位移装置6和/或可旋转结构2。
在本发明另外的应用中,可以提供倾斜的或定位测量仪器。瞄准装置可以位于位移装置上,并且操作员握住连接到位移装置上的手柄并将瞄准装置向将要与倾斜测量仪器对齐的对象瞄准。当该对象在瞄准装置中确实对齐的时候,可以利用连接到倾斜测量仪器的显示器或者利用反馈给单独读取装置(比如计算机)的显示器来读取相应的倾斜和z参数。这可以用于对齐的目的或者用于测量远处对象的位置。
在本发明另外的应用中,可以设置数字转换器。通过确定对象上多个外侧边界点,该数字转换器用于确定对象的物理结构。这是通过将探针(连接到位移装置6上)保持到对象上,以及利用来自根据本发明的控制装置现在用作读取装置的四个位置参数来读取与该位置相关的位置参数而达到的。为了增大读取装置的位移灵活性(也就是自由度数量),可能需要一个或几个联接臂。
应当注意到,单词“包括”并不排斥那些列出之外的其它元件或步骤的存在,并且元件前面的单词“一”或“一”并不排斥多个这样元件的存在。还应当注意到,任何附图标记都不限制权利要求的范围,本发明可以通过硬件和软件来实施,同样的硬件可以表示几个“装置”。
上述实施例对于本发明而言仅仅只是示例性的而非限制性的。在下述专利权利要求所要求范围内的其它的解决方案、使用、目的和功能对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。
Claims (20)
1、一种控制装置(1),用于提供至少四个位置参数,包括:
-可旋转结构(2);
-至少一个传感器(3、4、5),用于测量所述可旋转结构的位置;
-位移装置(6),提供线性位移和与所述线性位移成比例的信号;
其中,所述至少一个传感器(3、4、5)与所述可旋转结构(2)感应的连接,用于以三个角度位置参数来确定所述可旋转结构(2)的位置,所述位移装置(6)布置成连接到所述可旋转结构(2)上以允许其穿过所述可旋转结构(2)移动,并且提供第四位置参数的测量,所述控制装置进一步布置成提供所述四个位置参数的指示信号。
2、根据权利要求1所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述传感器(3、4、5)为非接触传感器。
3、根据权利要求2所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述非接触传感器(3、4、5)为光学传感器。
4、根据权利要求3所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述光学传感器(3、4、5)布置成检测所述可旋转结构(2)上的光学式样。
5、根据权利要求4所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述光学式样为预先构造的式样,增强确定所述三个角度位置参数的分辨率。
6、根据权利要求2所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述传感器(3、4、5)为用于测量磁性特征的传感器。
7、根据权利要求6所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述用于测量磁性特征的传感器(3、4、5)布置成测量所述可旋转结构(2)上的磁性式样。
8、根据权利要求1所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述传感器(3、4、5)为使用滑环的阻抗测量传感器。
9、根据权利要求1所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述位移装置(6)的一部分布置在孔中,该孔布置成至少穿过所述可旋转结构(2)的一部分。
10、根据权利要求9所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述穿过所述可旋转结构的孔布置成完全穿过所述可旋转结构(2)的中心部分。
11、根据权利要求1所述的控制装置(1),其中,第一对象(7)布置成机械连接到所述位移装置(6)上。
12、根据权利要求11所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述布置成机械连接到所述位移装置上的第一对象(7)为使用者可操作的手柄。
13、根据权利要求12所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述手柄包括至少一个提供功能信号的接口单元(525、526、527)。
14、根据权利要求11所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述第一对象(7)为接收装置,用于接收第二对象并包括支持所述第二对象的箝位装置。
15、根据权利要求11所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述布置成机械连接到所述位移装置上的第一对象(7)为医疗模拟装置,布置成接收用于在哺乳动物体内使用的医疗器械或模拟医疗器械。
16、根据权利要求15所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述医疗器械或模拟医疗器械为内视镜、腹腔镜、直肠镜、导尿管、支架和喉镜中的至少一个。
17、根据权利要求1所述的控制装置(1),进一步包括至少一个连接到所述可旋转结构(2)上的弹性机构,允许所述可旋转结构(2)在垂直于所述位移装置(6)的平面上线性平移。
18、根据权利要求11所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述至少一个传感器(3、4、5)和位移装置(6)测量连接到所述位移装置(6)上的所述第一对象(7)的绝对位置。
19、根据权利要求1所述的控制装置(1),其中,所述四个参数分别是x方向角度偏移、y方向角度偏移、绕垂直于所述x和y方向限定的平面的轴的旋转角以及在所述垂直于所述x和y方向限定的平面的轴方向上的线性位移参数。
20、根据权利要求1所述的控制装置(1),进一步包括施加给所述可旋转结构(2)和所述位移装置(6)中至少一个的力回馈。
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| WO (1) | WO2006104440A1 (zh) |
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- 2006-03-17 CN CNB2006800106334A patent/CN100559337C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-17 JP JP2008503991A patent/JP5102759B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008537218A (ja) | 2008-09-11 |
| RU2007139930A (ru) | 2009-05-10 |
| EP1864204B1 (en) | 2012-07-25 |
| JP5102759B2 (ja) | 2012-12-19 |
| WO2006104440A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| AU2006229582A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| CA2601997A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
| DK1864204T3 (da) | 2012-10-22 |
| EP1864204A1 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
| CN101151587A (zh) | 2008-03-26 |
| CA2601997C (en) | 2014-08-26 |
| RU2388040C2 (ru) | 2010-04-27 |
| US20080278448A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
| AU2006229582B2 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
| BRPI0609553A2 (pt) | 2010-04-13 |
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