CN100521364C - A crash selection method for thrown lead acid accumulator and special tower gravity selector - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a breaking and grading method for a waste lead acid accumulator and a special tower gravity grading machine. The method includes using a common punching machine to preliminarily break, using a a jaw breaker to break mechanically then using a ball grinder to finely grind, finally using the special tower gravity grading machine to grade. The invention has the advantages of sufficient breakage, thorough material gradation, fine grinding grain grade, as well as controllable grain grade; the invention can high efficiently resolve the waste lead acid accumulator into light materials (AGM fiber, ABS, PP, PVC plastic, epoxy resin particle, rubber pressure cap, O-rings), heavy materials (lead and lead alloy), and medium materials (gypsum mud materials containing Pb, PbO, PbO2, PbSO4); small corrosive degree of the equipment, thereby solving the corrosion problems commonly existed in the traditional breaking and grading equipment; steady and reliable equipment, economical investment, as well as low operating cost. Through water medium cycle reutilization, the invention not only can save water resources but also can eliminate environment pollution.

Description

A crushing and sorting method for waste lead-acid batteries and a special tower gravity sorter

(1) Technical field

The invention relates to a crushing and sorting method for waste lead-acid batteries and a special tower gravity sorter in the sorting process.

(2) Background technology

At present, the recycling of waste lead-acid batteries is of great significance. It can not only recycle precious lead resources, but also eliminate the serious pollution of the environment caused by heavy metal ions contained in waste batteries. In order to efficiently recycle waste lead-acid batteries, waste batteries must first be efficiently shredded and sorted. In the field of high-efficiency crushing and sorting equipment for waste batteries, the developed equipment mainly includes the CX crushing and sorting system of Engitec Technologies in Italy and the MA crushing and sorting system developed by MA in the United States. Both technologies have complete sets of equipment.

The method adopted in the CX crushing system of Engitec Technologies in Italy is to pre-crush the waste batteries in the silo, and then perform hammer crushing. The sorting process of this equipment adopts the two-step method of taking mud first, and then separating lead alloy and light materials. The aperture of the vibrating screen in this system is 1mm. During the working process, it is easy to cause blockage of the screen hole and affect the work efficiency.

The crushing and sorting system of MA company in the United States is obviously different from the CX crushing system of Engitec Technologies in Italy. It does not undergo the overall pre-crushing of waste batteries, and directly performs hammer crushing after the waste batteries are poured. vibration. The equipment is characterized by a high level of mechanical automation, but the process is complicated, the equipment is expensive, the investment is large, and the operating cost is high. However, modern lead-acid batteries adopt the valve-controlled maintenance-free technology of AGM separators. Most of the failed waste batteries are dried up, and the acid cannot be poured out, which affects the effect.

In addition, the above two equipment systems are affected by the highly corrosive lead dioxide and sulfuric acid in the waste batteries during the working process, especially, the modern valve-controlled maintenance-free lead-acid batteries are affected by thermal runaway, resulting in scrapping The acid solution in the battery dries up, and the concentration of sulfuric acid is extremely high, causing severe corrosion to the crushing and sorting equipment.

At present, waste lead-acid batteries are mainly composed of two types: valve-controlled maintenance-free batteries and ordinary open batteries, and valve-regulated maintenance-free batteries include AGM separator liquid-absorbing and gel batteries. ABS plastic shells and stronger structures are commonly used in valve-regulated maintenance-free batteries, and their strength and toughness are generally better than the previous open-type automobile and motorcycle batteries.

In view of the characteristics of the current high-strength and high-toughness valve-controlled maintenance-free waste batteries (mainstream batteries), hammer crushing is not easy to crush waste batteries to very fine grains, so the best way is to first undergo structural pre-shredding, and then use A combination of various technical means achieves good crushing and sorting of waste batteries.

(3) Contents of the invention

In order to overcome many problems existing in conventional crushing and sorting equipment, the present invention provides a waste lead-acid battery with good crushing and sorting effect, fine grinding particle size, not easy to be corroded, stable and reliable, low investment and low operating cost. The crushing and sorting method, and the dedicated tower gravity sorter in the sorting process.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A crushing and sorting method for waste lead-acid batteries, said method comprising:

(1) Putting the waste lead-acid battery into the punching machine for structurally destructive preliminary crushing;

(2) Put the preliminarily crushed material in step (1) into the crocodile crusher, inject ammonia water, adjust the pH to 4-6, and perform mechanical crushing until the maximum size of the material is less than 3cm;

(3) Put the mechanically crushed material in step (2) into a ball mill, and grind step by step until the particle size of the lead-containing paste mud material is 20-150 μm;

(4) Sorting the ground materials in step (3) with a tower gravity separator to fully separate the materials to obtain light materials (AGM fibers, ABS, PP, PVC plastics, epoxy resin scraps, rubbery materials) air pressure caps, O-rings), heavy materials (lead and lead alloys) and medium materials (paste materials containing Pb, PbO, PbO ₂ , PbSO ₄ ).

Refer to Fig. 1 for the process flow chart of the method of the present invention.

Because lead dioxide in waste lead-acid batteries is highly corrosive in acidic solutions, it will inevitably cause serious corrosion damage to crushing equipment. To solve this problem, the present invention injects ammonia solution while mechanically crushing, so that the ammonia solution can fully react with the residual acid in the waste battery, greatly reducing the acidity and corrosiveness of the medium. The by-product of ammonia water reaction is ammonium sulfate solution, which can be purified to remove metal ions, and further treated with lime water to be converted into dilute ammonia water for recycling.

The mass concentration of ammonia water used in the step (2) is 5-30%.

The present invention also relates to a tower-type gravity separator used in the crushing and sorting process of waste lead-acid batteries. The feed chamber and the slurry circulation chamber are cylindrical structures, the heavy material collection tank is an inverted cone structure, and the upper part of the feed chamber is provided with a light material discharge port, and the light material discharge port is connected with the light material collection chamber. The tank is connected, and the feed chamber and the slurry circulation chamber are separated by a porous plate; the slurry circulation chamber is provided with a discharge port and a feed port, and the discharge port communicates with the feed port through a bypass circulation system; A fluid flow uniform distribution plate is provided at the connection between the bottom of the slurry circulation chamber and the heavy material collection tank. The fluid flow uniform distribution plate is composed of an air chamber, a screening plate and a gas transition chamber. The air chamber is provided with Air inlet, the sieving plate is provided with an air outlet pipe communicating with the gas transition chamber, the sieving plate is arranged with a material flow pipe communicating with the slurry circulation chamber, and the air chamber is connected to the slurry circulation chamber The chamber is sealed, and the bottom of the heavy material collection tank is provided with a water inlet.

The bypass circulation system is composed of a slurry clarification tank, a liquid outlet pipe, a circulation pump, and a liquid return pipe sequentially connected to the discharge port. The discharge port, the slurry clarification tank, the liquid outlet pipe, the circulation pump, The liquid return pipe and the feed inlet form a circulation, and the upper part of the slurry clarification tank is provided with an overflow port, and the overflow port is connected with the liquid outlet pipe, and the lower part of the slurry clarification tank is connected with the middle material The storage tanks are connected, and the upper part of the middle material storage tank is provided with a filter device, and the filter device is provided with a pipeline communicated with the liquid outlet pipe.

Preferably, a porous vibrating frame is set in the feeding chamber.

The ratio of the diameter of the feeding chamber to the height of the feeding chamber is 1:1-3.

The ratio of the diameter of the slurry circulation chamber to the height of the slurry circulation chamber is 1:0.5-1.

The ratio of the maximum inner diameter to the height of the heavy material collection tank is 1:0.5-1.

Preferably, the upper part of the light material collection tank is provided with a water spray gun, and the collection tank is provided with an agitator, which is washed while the light material is being stirred, so as to separate the lead-containing plaster therein.

Preferably, the light material collection tank is provided with a water outlet with a water filter device, a water storage tank is provided under the light material collection tank, the water outlet is connected to the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is circulated The pump is connected with the water flow inlet at the bottom of the heavy material collection tank, so that the water can be recycled during the sorting process, saving water.

In the tower-type gravity separator, the water flow enters from the bottom of the tower, from bottom to top; the crushed materials of waste batteries enter from the upper part, fall naturally, and form a countercurrent impact with the water flow. The density of each component in the waste battery pulverized material is very different, the proportion of lead and lead alloy is the largest, followed by lead paste mud, AGM fiber, PP, ABS, PVC plastic, epoxy resin scrap, rubber air pressure cap, O The ring is the lightest. Therefore, the above-mentioned materials can be separated by adjusting the water flow velocity and compressed air bubbling pressure: (1) the heavy part (lead and lead alloy) with high density falls to the bottom and is collected; (2) the light part with low density (AGM fibers, PP, PVC, ABS plastics, epoxy resin scraps, rubber air pressure caps, O-rings) float out from the upper part (but there will be a small amount of lead-containing plaster mixed in it, which needs to be removed after subsequent treatment) (3) The medium-density part (lead-containing paste mud) is in a suspended state and is exported in time through the bypass circulation system in the middle of the tower, clarified by the middle tank, filtered and dehydrated to obtain the water content Lower leaded plaster. The main phase components in the paste material are Pb, PbO, PbO ₂ , and PbSO ₄ .

The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly reflected in: the crushing is sufficient, the grinding particle size is fine and its particle size can be controlled; the waste lead-acid battery can be decomposed into light materials (AGM fiber, ABS, PP, PVC plastics, epoxy resin scraps) , rubber air pressure caps, O-rings), heavy materials (lead and lead alloys) and medium materials (paste materials containing Pb, PbO, PbO ₂ , PbSO ₄ ); the degree of corrosion of the equipment is small, which solves the problem Common corrosion problems in traditional crushing and sorting equipment; the equipment is stable and reliable, with low investment and low operating costs. By recycling the water medium, it not only saves water resources but also eliminates environmental pollution.

(4) Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the method of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the tower type gravity separator of the present invention.

(5) Specific implementation methods

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto:

Example 1:

The crushing equipment selected impact bed (provided by Zhejiang University of Technology), crocodile crusher (Shanghai Yuanhua Machinery Factory, PE-150×250) and horizontal ball mill (provided by Zhejiang University of Technology), with a processing capacity of 1 ton of waste batteries/h .

The sorting equipment adopts a tower-type gravity separator. The structure is shown in Figure 1. The light material discharge port 4 is arranged on the top of the feeding chamber 1, and a porous vibrating frame 5 is arranged at the connection between the bottom of the feeding chamber and the slurry circulation chamber 2. The porous vibrating frame is connected with the curved roller machine 6; the fluid flow uniform distribution plate 7 is set at the connection between the bottom of the slurry circulation chamber and the heavy material collection tank 3, and the fluid flow uniform distribution plate is composed of an air chamber 8, a screening plate 9 and a gas chamber. The transition chamber 10 is formed, the air chamber 8 is provided with an air inlet 11 (connected with the air pump), the sieve plate is provided with an air outlet pipe 12 communicated with the gas transition chamber, and the sieve plate is arranged There is a material flow pipe 13 communicating with the slurry circulation chamber, the air chamber is sealed with the slurry circulation chamber, the slurry circulation chamber is provided with a discharge port 14 and a feed port 15, and the discharge port and the feed port A circulation system is formed by a circulation pump; the bottom of the heavy material collection tank is provided with a water flow inlet 16; the bypass circulation system is connected with the discharge port in sequence with a slurry clarification tank 17, a liquid outlet pipe 18, a circulation pump 19, and a liquid return Pipe 20, the discharge port, slurry clarification tank, liquid outlet pipe, circulation pump, liquid return pipe, feed inlet form a cycle, the upper part of the slurry clarification tank is provided with an overflow port, the overflow The flow port is connected with the liquid outlet pipe, and the lower part of the slurry clarification tank is connected with the filter device through a valve and a pipeline, and the filter device is provided with a pipeline connected with the liquid outlet pipe. The inner diameter of the cylinder of the tower is 80cm, and the total height is 240cm (the feed chamber is 160cm, the slurry circulation chamber is 80cm); the maximum inner diameter of the cone is 80cm, the height is 100cm, the size of the vibrating frame is Φ60cm×40cm, and the pump for conveying the liquid at the bottom of the tower is The flow rate is 50m ³ /h, the flow rate of the pump conveying the bypass circulating liquid in the middle of the tower is 25m ³ /h, and the bubbling pressure of the compressed air is 2 atmospheres.

The actual operation has been carried out in the crushing and sorting equipment mentioned above, and the process is as follows.

Take 500kg of waste batteries and put them into a punching machine for primary crushing. The primary crushed materials are then put into the crocodile crusher. The size of the crushed materials is less than 3cm. While mechanically crushing, inject 10% ammonia water to adjust the pH of the material system to 4. ~5. The treatment liquid is treated with subsequent purification to remove metal ions, and then treated with lime water to convert it into dilute ammonia water for recycling.

After the crushed materials are finely ground step by step by a ball mill, the particle size of the lead-containing paste mud material reaches 20-50 μm, and the ground materials are sorted by a tower gravity separator to obtain: (1) AGM fiber, waste plastic and other light 34.5kg of raw materials, (2) 330kg of lead-containing plaster, (3) 148kg of lead and lead alloy.

Example 2:

The equipment used is the same as in Example 1. The flow rate of the pump for transporting the liquid at the bottom of the tower is 75m ³ /h, the flow rate of the pump for transporting the bypass circulating liquid in the middle of the tower is 35m ³ /h, and the bubbling pressure of the compressed air is 2.5 atmospheres.

The actual operation has been carried out in the crushing and sorting equipment mentioned above, and the process is as follows.

Take 1000kg of waste batteries and put them into a punching machine for primary crushing. The primary crushed materials are then put into a crocodile crusher. While mechanically crushing, inject 15% ammonia water to adjust the pH of the medium to 5-6. After the medium is purified and treated to remove metal ions, it is treated with lime water and converted into dilute ammonia water for recycling.

After the crushed materials are finely ground step by step by a ball mill, the particle size of the lead-containing paste mud material reaches 80-100 μm, and the ground materials are sorted by a tower gravity separator to obtain: (1) AGM fiber, waste plastic and other light 70.5kg of raw materials, (2) 655kg of lead-containing plaster, (3) 298kg of lead and lead alloy.

Claims (9)

1. lead-acid accumulator cracking and sorting method, described method comprises:

(1) lead-acid accumulator is dropped in the punch press, it is tentatively broken to carry out structural deterioration;

(2) step (1) is dropped in the alligator through preliminary broken material, inject ammoniacal liquor simultaneously, regulating material pH is 4～6, carry out Mechanical Crushing to material full-size less than 3cm;

(3) step (2) is dropped in the ball mill through the material of Mechanical Crushing, be ground to step by step that to contain lead plaster mud raw meal particle size be 20～150 μ m;

(4) with the material of step (3) through grinding with tower gravity classifier sorting, material is fully separated; Described tower gravity classifier is followed successively by uncovered feed space, slurry circular chamber, heavier feeds feeder from top to bottom, described feed space and slurry circular chamber are column structure, described heavier feeds feeder is an inverted pyramidal structures, feed space top is provided with the light material outlet, described light material outlet is connected with the light material feeder, and feed space and slurry circular chamber are separated by porous plate; Described slurry circular chamber is provided with discharge gate and charging aperture, and described discharge gate is communicated with charging aperture by the bypass circuit system; Described slurry circular chamber bottom is provided with the even distribution grid of fluid flow with heavier feeds feeder junction, the even distribution grid of described fluid flow is made of air chamber, screening plate and gas transition chamber thereof, described air chamber is provided with air intake, described screening plate is provided with the escape pipe that is communicated with the gas transition chamber thereof, be furnished with the material flow siphunculus that is communicated with the slurry circular chamber on the described screening plate, described air chamber and the sealing of slurry circular chamber, described heavier feeds feeder bottom is provided with flow inlet.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that used ammoniacal liquor mass concentration is 5～30% in the step (2).

3. tower gravity classifier that is used for the lead-acid accumulator cracking and sorting, be followed successively by uncovered feed space, slurry circular chamber, heavier feeds feeder from top to bottom, described feed space and slurry circular chamber are column structure, described heavier feeds feeder is an inverted pyramidal structures, feed space top is provided with the light material outlet, described light material outlet is connected with the light material feeder, and feed space and slurry circular chamber are separated by porous plate; Described slurry circular chamber is provided with discharge gate and charging aperture, and described discharge gate is communicated with charging aperture by the bypass circuit system; Described slurry circular chamber bottom is provided with the even distribution grid of fluid flow with heavier feeds feeder junction, the even distribution grid of described fluid flow is made of air chamber, screening plate and gas transition chamber thereof, described air chamber is provided with air intake, described screening plate is provided with the escape pipe that is communicated with the gas transition chamber thereof, be furnished with the material flow siphunculus that is communicated with the slurry circular chamber on the described screening plate, described air chamber and the sealing of slurry circular chamber, described heavier feeds feeder bottom is provided with flow inlet.

4. tower gravity classifier as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described bypass circuit system is by forming with slurry defecator, drain pipe, circulating pump, liquid back pipe that discharge gate is connected successively, described discharge gate, slurry defecator, drain pipe, circulating pump, liquid back pipe, charging aperture constitute circulation, described slurry defecator top is provided with overfall, described overfall is connected with described drain pipe, described slurry defecator bottom links to each other with filter by valve, pipeline, and described filter is provided with the pipeline that is communicated with drain pipe.

5. tower gravity classifier as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that being provided with in the described feed space porous vibrating frame.

6. tower gravity classifier as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the described feed space internal diameter and the ratio of feed space height are 1:1～3.

7. tower gravity classifier as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the described slurry circular chamber internal diameter and the ratio of slurry circular chamber height are 1:0.5～1.

8. tower gravity classifier as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the described heavier feeds feeder awl end internal diameter and the ratio of height are 1:0.5～1.

9. tower gravity classifier as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that described light material feeder is provided with the delivery port of band water treatment plant, described light material feeder below is provided with hopper, described delivery port is communicated with hopper, and described hopper is communicated with by the flow inlet of circulating pump with heavier feeds feeder bottom.

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