CN100495816C - Optimum utilization of slot gap in PIFA design - Google Patents

Abstract

Operating parameters of a planar antenna are controlled by providing a planar metal radiating element having an edge, by providing a slot within the radiating element, the slot having side walls, an open slot-end that lies on the edge of the radiating element, and a closed slot-end the lies within the radiating element, and by providing a thin, line-like, and metal segment, at least a portion of which is coplanar with the radiating element and that extends from the open slot-end to the closed slot-end without physically engaging the slot's side walls. The metal segment can be connected to the antenna's ground plane to thereby form a parasitic element, or the metal segment can be connected to the radiating element to thereby form an extension of the radiating element.

Description

Optimal Utilization of Slots in Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) Design

Cross References to Related Applications

This non-provisional patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/424,850, filed November 8, 2002, entitled "OPTIMUTILIZATION OF SLOT GAP IN PIFA DESIGN," which is incorporated herein by reference middle. U.S. Nonprovisional Patent Application No. 10/135,312, entitled "SINGLE FEED TRI-BAND PIFA WITH PARASITIC ELEMENT," filed April 29, 2002, provides a A parasitic element connected to said ground plane, which is incorporated herein by reference.

technical field

The present application relates to a receiving/transmitting radio wave antenna, such as an antenna used in wireless communication, and more particularly, to a receiving/transmitting A planar antenna with a slot in the radiating element (hereinafter referred to as the radiating element).

Background technique

Antennas for hand-held portable devices such as pagers, portable phones and cellular phones must have small size, light weight and compact physical bulk. Flush or built-in internal antennas are often required, and PIFAs are particularly attractive for this type of application. For many devices, PIFAs are a preferred choice for use as internal antennas in cellular communication applications.

It is named PIFA because from the side view, PIFA with air dielectric resembles the letter F facing down. (See, e.g., Section 10.7 of the publication "MICROSTRIP ANTENNA DESIGN HANDBOOK" by R. Garg, P. Bhartia, I. Bahl, and A. Ittipiboon, Copyright 2001, Artech House, Inc.).

Advances in PIFA technology and design have been directed toward miniaturization and enhanced multiband performance of single-fed PIFAs. The multi-band implementation capability of single-feed PIFAs has also been developed to include both dual-cellular and dual-non-cellular applications.

The PIFA design may include the configuration of slots in the radiating element of the PIFA. For example, U.S. Patent No. 6,573,869 provides a multi-band PIFA with one transmitter, in which a helical slot is formed to generate multiple frequency dependent nulls in the electric field pattern distribution of the antenna. Incorporated herein by reference.

The choice of location, profile and length of the slots within the radiating element of a PIFA depends on relevant design parameters, and it is sometimes preferable to have more than one slot within the radiating element of a PIFA.

Using slots to physically separate the radiating elements of a single-band PIFA for multi-band operation and providing a slot as a reactive loading tool to reduce the resonant frequency of the radiating elements become two important functional roles in PIFA radiating elements. Additionally, the location and profile of the slots can be chosen to control the polarization characteristics of the upper resonant band of the multiband PIFA.

Introducing a slot within the PIFA radiating element has the undesirable effect of reducing the effective surface area of the radiating element, which in turn has the effect of degrading the PIFA in terms of gain and bandwidth.

In addition to having a slot, the radiating element of a PIFA can also be associated with capacitive loading elements, usually in the form of curved metal segments or sheets at the edge of the radiating element, the segments facing toward ground. extends down and does not touch the ground plane. However, capacitive loading has a negative impact on the bandwidth and gain of the PIFA. For example, US Patent No. 5,764,190, which is incorporated herein by reference, provides a capacitively loaded PIFA.

Tank loading and capacitive loading are typically utilized to achieve the desired resonance without increasing the physical size of the PIFA.

Although the slots mentioned above have disadvantages in terms of PIFA performance, the presence of slot configurations within the radiating element of a PIFA may be necessary to achieve multi-band performance and provide the desired resonance.

Also, capacitive loading may be commonly required in PIFA designs given the strict constraints on the physical volume available to place internal antennas within wireless devices.

As an example of using a zigzag pattern in the launch structure of a PIFA, U.S. Patent No. 6,380,895 provides a launch structure for a microstrip PIFA in which the first patches are connected to the second patches by means of a meander pattern. patch, which is incorporated herein by reference. The first patch includes means for feeding an RF signal into the transmitting structure, and the meander pattern acts as an inductive connection between the two patches.

Contents of the invention

The present invention is used to optimally utilize the gaps that form the contours of the grooves in the radiating elements of the PIFA to control the operating parameters of the PIFA. Although the invention will be described for use in a PIFA, the invention is generally applicable to planar antennas having slots in their radiating elements.

In prior art PIFAs, the sink region of the radiating element is independent of the physical existence of any part of the PIFA radiating element, such as shown in FIG. Comprising: a non-radiating side 91; a radiating side 97; a substantially equal-width L-shaped slot 92 having a short vertical section 93 extending substantially perpendicular to the non-radiating side 91 and extending substantially parallel to the non-radiating side 91 A long horizontal section 94 of the PIFA; a shorting post or region 95 on the non-radiating side 91 extending downward from the plane of the radiating element 90 to electrically connect the radiating element 91 to the metal ground plane of the PIFA 90 (not shown ); and a feed post or area 96 on the non-radiating side 91, which is connected to the radiating element 90 to receive/transmit RF signals. The length of the L-shaped groove 92 is the sum of the lengths of the vertical groove section 93 and the horizontal groove section 94 .

According to the invention, the PIFA comprises metal segments arranged in grooves in the metal emitting element of the PIFA. According to the present invention, the metal segment can be connected to the radiating element to form an extension of the radiating element, or the metal segment can be connected to the ground plane of the PIFA to form a short-circuit parasitic element of the PIFA.

The construction and arrangement of the present invention to efficiently utilize the clearance area provided by the slots is equivalent to increasing the effective or actual physical size of the PIFA radiating element. This substantial increase in physical size facilitates the reduction of capacitive loading typically required to achieve the desired resonance. The reduction in capacitive loading also improves the PIFA's bandwidth or gain or both.

By judiciously choosing the profile of the metal segments of the radiating element that extend into the radiating element slot, it is possible to completely overcome the capacitive loading requirement, even with strictly limited linear dimensions of the PIFA.

According to the viewpoint of providing a metal segment in the groove of the emitting element of the PIFA of the present invention, one end of the metal segment in the groove can be physically connected to the emitting element, or one end of the metal segment in the groove can be physically connected to the PIFA. ground plane.

The aforementioned US Patent Application Serial No. 10/135,312 describes the creation of a unique resonant band by placing a shorting parasitic element in the space between the radiating element of the PIFA and the ground plane.

In the construction and arrangement of the present invention there is provided a unique resonant strip in which the radiating element and the shorting parasitic element are in the same plane. In the present invention (see FIG. 8 ), the short-circuit parasitic element is located in the slot area of the radiating element, and the short-circuiting parasitic element is not electrically connected to the radiating element. Manufacture of PIFAs

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a top view of the first embodiment of the present invention, wherein the planar metal emitting element of the PIFA comprises a substantially equal-width L-shaped groove, which has an open end positioned on the non-emitting side of the emitting element, the emitting element a short vertical slot segment or leg extending generally perpendicular from the non-emitting side of the radiating element and a long horizontal slot segment or leg meandering in a path generally parallel to the non-emitting side, and wherein the meandering and generally equal-width metal extension of the radiating element Coplanar with the radiating element, enters the open end of the L-shaped slot, is generally centered in the L-shaped slot, and extends generally along the length of the L-shaped slot.

FIG. 2 is a top view of a second embodiment of the invention, somewhat similar to FIG. 1 . Among them, the planar metal emitting element of PIFA includes a roughly L-shaped and equal-width groove, whose opening end is located on the non-emitting side of the emitting element, wherein the horizontal section of the groove is linear, and the meandering metal extension of the emitting element is aligned with the The radiating elements are coplanar, wherein the metal extension of the radiating element enters the open end of the L-shaped slot, is generally centered in the L-shaped slot, and extends generally along the length of the L-shaped slot.

Fig. 3 is the plan view of the third embodiment of the present invention, and it is somewhat similar to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, wherein the planar metal emitting element of PIFA comprises a substantially L-shaped and equal-width groove, and its open end is positioned at the emitting element On the non-emitting side, where the metallic extension of the radiating element coplanar with the radiating element enters the open end of the L-shaped slot, extends roughly along the length of the L-shaped slot, and is then rotated 360 degrees to follow the horizontal section of the L-shaped slot The length extends back.

Figure 4 is a top view of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein the planar metal emitting element of the PIFA includes a substantially L-shaped groove, its horizontal section extends approximately parallel to the non-emitting side of the emitting element, and its vertical section is an open end Located on one side of the radiating element, and wherein the meandering metal extension of the radiating element enters the open end of the L-shaped slot, is generally centered in the L-shaped slot, and extends generally along the length of the L-shaped slot.

5 is a top view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention, somewhat similar to FIG. 4, in which the horizontal section of the generally L-shaped slot includes two generally equal-width meandering extensions of the radiating element, the two extensions being approximately The horizontal section of the L-shaped groove is equally divided.

Fig. 6 is the plan view of the sixth embodiment of the present invention, and it is similar to Fig. 5, wherein the relatively long metal short-circuit post on the side of the radiating element and the relatively short metal feeding post on the radiating side of the radiating element are used for As the coplanar part of the radiating element, this figure also shows in dotted lines how the shorting post and the feeding post are bent down approximately 90 degrees from the plane of the radiating element toward the metal ground plane of the PIFA (not shown), the length of the shorting post The distance between the radiating element and the ground plane is spanned to thereby electrically connect the sides of the radiating element to the ground plane.

7 is a top view of a seventh embodiment of the present invention, wherein the planar emitting element of the PIFA includes two substantially linear grooves extending substantially perpendicularly from the non-emitting side of the emitting element, and the open ends of the two grooves are along the non-emitting side. the emitting sides are spaced apart from each other, wherein the first slot includes a meandering extension of the radiating element coplanar with and generally centered in the first slot, and wherein the second slot includes a linear extension of the radiating element , the linear extension being coplanar with the radiating element and substantially centered in the second slot.

8 is a top view of an eighth embodiment of the present invention, which is somewhat similar to FIG. 1 , except that the coplanar metal pattern meandering along the L-shaped slot is electrically connected to the metal ground plane of the PIFA, thereby forming a short-circuit parasitic element.

9 is a top view of a prior art radiating element of a PIFA, wherein a substantially L-shaped groove is formed in the radiating element such that the vertical section of the groove extends approximately perpendicular to the non-emitting side of the radiating element, and such that the horizontal section of the groove extends approximately Extends parallel to the non-emitting side of the emitting element.

Figure 10 is a side view of a prior art PIFA, this view shows the inverted F shape of the PIFA, and this figure shows the type provided with a metal ground plane in the PIFA, which is constructed and arranged according to the present invention .

Detailed ways

Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention.

As with other embodiments of the invention to be described, which show a top view of the radiating element, it should be understood that the radiating element is spatially associated with the ground plane, much as shown in prior art FIG. 10 . For simplicity purposes, the ground plane associated with embodiments of the present invention is not shown in FIGS. 1-8.

1 is a top view of a generally flat or planar metal emitting element 10 of a PIFA constructed and arranged in accordance with the present invention. The emitting element 10 includes a generally L-shaped meandering path slot 11 with an open end 12 of the L-shaped slot 11 located at On the non-radiating side 13 of the radiating element, that is to say, the side of the radiating element 10 contains a short-circuit column or short-circuit region 15 extending downward, the bottom of which is electrically connected to the metal ground plane (not shown) of the PIFA. In FIG. 1 , the feed post or area 14 is also located on the non-radiating side 13 of the radiating element 10 .

The length of the main body of the L-shaped slot 11 is substantially equal in width, as indicated by numeral 16 . The vertically extending section 17 of the L-shaped slot 11 is linear and extends approximately perpendicular to the non-emitting side 13 . The horizontal extension 18 of the L-shaped trough 11 follows a meandering path comprising three vertical extensions 19 , 20 and 21 . It should be noted that at the three vertical extensions ( 19 , 20 , 21 ), the L-shaped slot 11 has a greater vertical width, as indicated by numeral 38 .

The meandering path of the L-shaped slot 11 provides a loading effect that reduces the resonant frequency of the radiating element 10, and this can be achieved without increasing the physical size of the PIFA containing the radiating element 10.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the meander metal segment 22 of the radiating element 10 is provided within the L-shaped slot 11 , and only the end 23 of the segment 22 is electrically connected to the radiating element 11 at or near the open end 12 of the L-shaped slot 11 . This meandering metal section 22 where the end 23 is connected to the radiating element 11 substantially follows or corresponds to the meandering path of the L-shaped slot 11 .

More specifically, the metal segment 22 is composed of a first vertically extending portion 24 and a second horizontally extending portion 25 , which are spaced approximately equal distances from adjacent walls of the L-shaped groove 11 .

The third, fourth and fifth portions 26 , 27 and 28 of segment 22 form a vertical extension of segment 22 which extends upwards into vertical segment 19 of L-shaped groove 11 . This vertically extending portion of segment 22 is spaced approximately the same distance from adjacent walls of vertical section 19 .

The horizontally extending sixth portion 29 of the metal segment 22 is also spaced approximately the same distance from adjacent walls of the L-shaped slot 11 .

The seventh, eighth and ninth portions 30 , 31 and 32 of the metal segment 22 form a vertical extension of the segment 22 which extends upwards into the vertical segment 20 of the L-shaped slot 11 . This vertically extending portion of segment 22 is spaced approximately the same distance from adjacent walls of vertically extending section 20 .

The horizontally extending tenth portion 33 of the segment 22 is also spaced approximately the same distance from the adjacent wall of the L-shaped slot 11 .

The eleventh portion 34 of the metal segment 22 extends substantially perpendicularly into the vertical section 21 of the L-shaped slot 11 and this portion of the segment 22 is also spaced approximately the same distance from adjacent walls of the vertical segment 21 .

The meandering path of the metal segment 22 located within the L-shaped slot 11 also provides the effect of actually increasing the linear (length and width) dimensions of the PIFA containing the emitting element 10 .

This construction and arrangement of the present invention facilitates the design of PIFAs resonant in the AMPS frequency band by extending a portion or segment 22 of the radiating element 10 into the L-shaped slot 11 . For example, the width 35 of such a radiating element 10 is about 33 mm and the length 36 is about 13 mm, the height of the PIFA is about 4.5 mm (see dimension 37 of FIG. 10 ), and the width of the ground plane of the PIFA is about 35 mm and the length is about 75mm.

The semi-perimeter of such an AMPS-band PIFA having the above dimensions is only about 46 mm, compared to about 87.31 mm for a conventional AMPS-band PIFA whose radiating element does not contain the slots and metals described above segments, and capacitive load elements.

That is, using the present invention, a PIFA that is significantly miniaturized in overall size can be obtained.

The above-described embodiment of FIG. 1 is modified in FIG. 2 in that the horizontal section 40 of the L-shaped groove 41 is linear, that is, it does not have a meandering path. However, the metal segment 42 of the metal radiating element 43 extending along the length of the horizontal section 40 of the L-shaped slot 41 follows a tortuous path similar to the above-described path of the metal segment 22 shown in FIG. 1 .

More specifically, in FIG. 2 , the metal segment 42 includes a first portion 44 extending substantially perpendicular to the non-radiating side 13 of the radiating element 43, a second portion 45 extending substantially parallel to the non-radiating side 13, and a second portion 45 extending substantially perpendicular to the non-radiating side 13. The third portion 46 extending substantially parallel to the non-radiating side 13, the fourth portion 47 extending substantially parallel to the non-radiating side 13, the fifth portion 48 extending substantially perpendicular to the non-radiating side 13, and the fifth portion 48 extending substantially parallel to the non-radiating side 13 The extended sixth part 49, the seventh part 50 extending approximately perpendicular to the non-emitting side 13, the eighth part 51 extending approximately parallel to the non-emitting side 13, and the ninth part extending approximately perpendicular to the non-emitting side 13 52 and a tenth portion 53 extending substantially parallel to the non-emitting side 13 .

The embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3 differs from the embodiment of FIG. 2 described above in that the metal segments located in the L-shaped slot 41 within the radiating element 61 follow a modified type of tortuous path. March. The lack of multi-turn tortuous paths described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 is compensated for by providing the metal segments with a longer total linear length, as shown in FIG. 3 .

More specifically, the metal segment coplanar with the emitting element 61 includes a first portion 62 extending substantially perpendicular to the non-emitting side 13, a second portion extending substantially parallel to the non-emitting side 13 and along substantially the entire length of the horizontal segment 66 of the groove. Portion 63 , a third turn portion 64 extending substantially perpendicular to non-emitting side 13 and a fourth portion 65 extending substantially parallel to non-emitting side 13 and along substantially the entire length of horizontal section 66 of the slot.

FIG. 4 provides another embodiment of the present invention, in which the feeding column 14 and the shorting column 15 of the metal radiating element are in a mutually orthogonal configuration relationship. That is to say, the feeding post 14 is located on the radiating side 113 of the radiating element 72 , and the shorting post 15 is located on the side (non-radiating side) 73 of the radiating element 72 .

The shorting post 15 and the open end 70 of the L-shaped slot 71 in the radiating element 72 are located on the narrow side (non-emitting side) 73 of the radiating element 72 of the PIFA. It should be noted that in FIG. 4 , the non-radiating side 73 extends along the narrow side of the radiating element 72 .

The L-shaped slot 71 of FIG. 4 is substantially similar to the L-shaped slot 41 of FIG. 2 except that the open end 70 of the slot is located on the narrow side of the radiating element 72 .

As in the above embodiments of the present invention, the metal segment 74 located in the L-shaped slot 71 is connected to the open end 70 of the L-shaped slot 71 of the radiating element 72 or its vicinity.

As described above with respect to FIG. 2 , the metal segment 74 is coplanar with the radiating element 72 and follows a path that meanders along the horizontal section of the generally L-shaped slot 71 within the radiating element 72.

The orthogonal configuration of the feeding post 14 and the shorting post 15, along with the open end 70 of the L-shaped slot 71 placed along the narrow side of the radiating element 72, was used in the design of the AMPS band PIFA at a width of about 35mm, A radiating element with a width of about 33 mm and a length of about 13 mm is above a ground plane about 75 mm long, and the height of the PIFA is about 4.5 mm.

In the previous embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figs. 1-4, a single metal segment was provided in the groove area of the metal radiating element of the PIFA, and this metal segment formed an extension of the radiating element.

Figure 5 provides an embodiment of the present invention in which two separate metal segments 78 and 79 are provided within a generally L-shaped slot 71 formed in the radiating element 72 of the PIFA. The two metal segments 78 and 79 are connected to opposite sides 80 and 81 of the horizontal section of the L-shaped slot 71 of the radiating element 72 .

Thus, the configuration of two separate metal segments 78 and 79 within slot 71 to form two extensions of radiating element 72 provides an additional degree of freedom in the design of the PIFA. The respective total horizontal lengths of the two metal segments 78 and 79 appear to provide opposite effects in controlling the resonant frequency of the PIFA.

Using the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, an AMPS band PIFA with a width of about 33 mm, a length of about 13 mm and a height of about 4.5 mm is constructed, and its metal ground plane is about 35 mm wide and about 75 mm long. This PIFA does not require a capacitive loading element, which in turn implies that there is no need to bend the radiating element 72 down towards the ground plane along some sides.

Figure 6 shows the composite composition of the radiating element 72 of the PIFA as shown in Figure 5 and its feeding column 14 and shorting column 15, wherein dotted lines 82 and 83 show the positions where the feeding column 14 and the shorting column 15 bend downward, Such that the end 84 of the feed leg 14 is located above the ground plane of the PIFA, while the end 85 of the shorting leg 15 is physically engaged and electrically connected to the ground plane.

As with other embodiments of the present invention, the composite composition shown in Figure 6 is ideally formed using two shot molding or metallized plastic techniques, and this composite composition can also be formed in the type antenna on that type of curved board.

The PIFA design embodiment of the present invention shown in Figures 1-6 includes the use of a single L-shaped slot within the radiating element of the PIFA. In a single-fed, dual-band PIFA, the disadvantage of this single L-shaped slot arrangement is that it is impossible or difficult to achieve independent tuning control of the low and high resonance frequency bands

An embodiment of the present invention as shown in FIG. 7 shows a configuration of a radiating element 100 of a PIFA in which two linear or straight grooves 101 and 102 extend perpendicular to the non-emitting side 103 of the radiating element. The sides also contain a shorting leg 15 and a feed leg 14. This embodiment of the invention provides the advantage of relatively independent control in tuning the low and high resonant frequency bands of a single-fed PIFA.

The lengths of the two separate slots 101, 102 and the positions of these two separate slots along the non-emitting side 103 provide a tuning effect on only one specific resonant frequency band, while the other resonant frequency bands are hardly affected.

The above-mentioned inventive concept of providing the zigzag metal radiating element segment 104 in the linear groove 101, providing the linear metal radiating element segment 105 in the linear groove 102, and making these two metal radiating element segments serve as extensions of the radiating element 100 can also be extended to In dual-band or multi-band PIFA designs with more than one slot in the transmit element.

The single-feed multiband PIFA of FIG. 7 provides all of the novel and special properties of the FIGS. 1-6 embodiments of the present invention, and additionally, the PIFA embodiment of FIG. Tuning the low and high band aspects of the PIFA relatively independently controls the desired characteristics.

The shape and length of the metal radiating element segments 104 and 105 formed in the separate slots 101 and 102 only affect the respective resonant frequency bands.

The paths followed by segments 104 and 105 in the two grooves 101 and 102 may be similar or dissimilar. That is, the paths of the metal segments in each of the two slots 101, 102 may be linear or meandering, or the paths may be a combination of linear and meandering types.

In addition, in FIG. 7 , the open ends 106 and 107 of the two grooves 101 and 102 shown are located on the non-emitting side 103 of the emitting element 100 of the PIFA. However, this is not required. That is, two grooves may be provided, the open ends of which are located on opposite and parallel sides 103 and 109 of the radiating element 100 .

In addition, the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 7 may include a modification in which two straight grooves 101 and 102 may be replaced by a combination of two grooves such as one L-shaped groove and one straight groove or two L-shaped grooves.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 8, a metal radiating element 110 of a single-fed tri-band or multi-band PIFA is shown.

In Fig. 8, the size of the radiating element 110, the position of the feeding column 14, the position of the shorting column 15, the size of the PIFA metal ground plane, the position and size of the zigzag L-shaped groove 111 and the height of the PIFA (that is, the height of the radiating element 110 distance from the ground plane) determines the dual resonant frequency of the PIFA.

Other resonant frequencies of the PIFA of FIG. 8 can also be achieved by forming a meandering metal segment 112 within the meandering L-shaped slot 111 . In this embodiment of the present invention, the metal segment 112 is connected to the ground plane of the PIFA, thereby becoming a short-circuit parasitic element.

The length of the shorting parasitic element 112 can be adjusted to achieve other practical resonant frequency bands (eg, GPS or Bluetooth) as desired.

Forming the shorting parasitic element 112 within the generally L-shaped slot 111 of the dual-band PIFA detunes the previous resonant characteristics of the PIFA. A re-optimized radiating element 110 may be required to restore the previously achieved double-resonant properties of the PIFA. In general, an iterative design loop comprising alternating turns in tuning the radiating element 110 and shorting the parasitic element 112 to achieve the desired double resonance in the PIFA while preserving the desired Other resonances.

In describing the invention, it has been assumed that the extension of a radiating element is coplanar with the radiating element when the extension is placed within the trough of the radiating element. This coplanarity provides the desired advantage of relatively simple fabrication of the radiating element.

However, the concept of extending the radiating element into the trough of the radiating element or placing a separate shorting parasitic element within the trough of the radiating element may be implemented without requiring such coplanarity

In such a general case, it is only necessary to extend a section or part of the extension of the radiating element into or through the slot to be coplanar with the radiating element, and the remainder of the extension may extend to a planar antenna (e.g. PIFA or microstrip antenna) in the available space between the ground plane and the radiating element, see for example the air dielectric space between the radiating element and the ground plane that exists in FIG. 10 . Implementing such a general design requires only that the area of the basin be favorable to continue the coplanar section of the extension of the radiating element into the space that exists between the radiating element and the ground plane. In order to briefly describe the purpose of the present invention, and in consideration of avoiding repetition, another embodiment of the present invention will not be described in detail, wherein the metal element located between the slots of the radiating element includes a metal element located between the radiating element and the ground plane. part of the space.

Although the present invention has been described in detail above, these detailed descriptions are not intended to limit the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (37)

1. An antenna comprising: a ground plane; a radiating element (10; 43; 61; 72) spaced above said ground plane, said radiating element comprising a substantially linear side (13, 73); a generally L-shaped slot (11; 41; 71; 101), the side walls of which are formed in said radiating element, said slot having an open end (12; 70) on said side and having a a closed end (21) located within said radiating element, said slot having a first portion extending generally perpendicular to said side and a second portion extending generally parallel to said side; and a shorting post (15) connecting the radiating element to the ground plane; It is characterized in that, an extension (22; 42; 62-65; 74) of said radiating element, which is located in said groove and not in physical contact with said sidewall, said extension having a connection with said radiating element and approximately a first end (23) located adjacent said open end of said slot and also having a second end (34; 53; 64) located approximately adjacent said closed end of said slot, wherein said extension comprises a first portion (24; 44; 62; 74) extending through said first portion of said groove, and wherein said extension comprises a second portion extending through said second portion of said groove ( 26-33; 45-52; 63; 65). 2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein a portion of the extension is located in a space between the radiating element and the ground plane. 3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the second end of the extension is located in a space between the radiating element and the ground plane. 4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the side is a radiating side of the radiating element. 5. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the side is a non-radiating side of the radiating element. 6. The antenna of claim 5, wherein the shorting stud is substantially located on the non-radiating side of the radiating element. 7. The antenna of claim 6, comprising: A feed post located on a non-transmitting edge. 8. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the side is a radiating side of the radiating element and includes a feed post on the radiating side. 9. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the extension also extends into a space between the radiating element and the ground plane. 10. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the second portion of the slot meanders with a path extending substantially parallel to the substantially linear side, and wherein the second portion of the extension curved with a path extending generally parallel to the generally linear side. 11. The antenna of claim 10, wherein the second portion of the extension also extends into a space between the radiating element and the ground plane. 12. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein said second portion of said slot is a linear portion extending substantially parallel to said substantially linear side, and wherein said second portion of said extension including a first portion extending in one direction through said second portion of said slot, a turn portion substantially at said closed end of said slot, and a second portion extending through said slot in a second direction. The third part of the second part. 13. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said side is a non-radiating side of said radiating element, said antenna comprising: a radiating edge on said radiating element; a feed post located on said transmitting edge; A shorting post on the non-emitting side connects the emitting element to the ground plane. 14. The antenna of claim 13 , wherein said slot includes a substantially linear portion extending substantially perpendicular to said non-radiating side, and wherein said extension extends through said linear portion of said slot follow a tortuous path. 15. An antenna comprising: a ground plane; a radiating element spaced above said ground plane; a non-emitting edge on said emitting element; a radiating edge on said radiating element; a feed post located on said transmitting edge; a shorting post on the non-emitting side connecting the emitting element to the ground plane; a groove, the sidewall of which is formed in the radiating element, the groove having an open end on the non-emitting side and a closed end in the radiating element; An extension of the radiating element, which is located in the slot and not in physical contact with the sidewall, the extension has a first portion, the first portion connects the radiating element substantially in the slot of the slot near the open end to position a second end of the first portion approximately midway along the length of the slot; and The extension has a second portion, the first end of the second portion is connected to the radiating element near the second end of the first portion, the second end of the second portion is approximately at the near the closed end of the groove. 16. The antenna of claim 15, wherein the first and second portions of the extension follow a tortuous path. 17. The antenna of claim 1, wherein said antenna is a planar antenna selected from the group consisting of a microstrip antenna and a planar inverted-F antenna. 18. An antenna comprising: a metal ground plane; a metal radiating element spaced from the ground plane, the radiating element including a generally linear edge; a generally L-shaped slot with sidewalls formed in the radiating element, the slot having an open end on the side and a closed end in the radiating element, the slot having a first portion extending generally perpendicular to the side and a second portion extending generally parallel to the side; and a shorting post connecting the radiating element to the ground plane; It is characterized in that, a metal element located within the slot and not in physical contact with the sidewall, the metal element having a first end located approximately adjacent the open end of the slot and having a A second end adjacent to the closed end, wherein the metal element includes a first portion extending through the first portion of the slot, and wherein the metal element includes a first portion extending through the slot. Part two of two. 19. The antenna of claim 18, wherein the metal element is connected to the ground plane. 20. The antenna of claim 19, wherein the ground plane and the radiating element are planar members extending substantially parallel to each other, and wherein at least a portion of the metallic element is substantially coplanar with the radiating element. 21. The antenna of claim 20, wherein a portion of the metallic element is located in a space between the radiating element and the ground plane. 22. The antenna of claim 20, wherein the slot includes a length dimension, a closed end within the radiating element and an open end on the side, and wherein the metallic element is substantially along The length of the slot is meandered to have an effective length dimension that is longer than the length dimension of the slot. 23. The antenna of claim 18, wherein the metal element is connected to the radiating element. 24. The antenna of claim 23, wherein the ground plane and the radiating element are planar members extending substantially parallel to each other, and wherein at least a portion of the metallic element is substantially coplanar with the radiating element. 25. The antenna of claim 24, wherein a portion of the metal element is located in a space between the radiating element and the ground plane. 26. The antenna of claim 25, wherein the radiating element includes a side, wherein the slot includes a length dimension, a closed end within the radiating element, and an open end on the side, and Wherein said metal element is bent substantially along said length dimension of said slot to have an effective length dimension longer than said length dimension of said slot. 27. The antenna of claim 18, wherein the antenna is a planar antenna selected from the group consisting of a microstrip antenna and a planar inverted-F antenna. 28. A planar antenna comprising: a ground plane; a radiating element having one side; a shorting post connecting the radiating element to the ground plane; a first slot having sidewalls, an open end on said side, and a closed end within said radiating element; a second slot having sidewalls, an open end spaced from said open end of said first slot on said side, and a closed end within said radiating element; a first extension of the radiating element, the first extension entering the slot from the open end of the first slot and extending generally along the length of the first slot from the open end to said closed end thereof without physical contact with said sidewall of said first groove; and a second extension of the radiating element, the second extension entering the slot from the open end of the second slot and extending generally along the length of the second slot from the open end to said closed end thereof without making physical contact with said sidewall of said second groove. 29. The antenna of claim 28, wherein said first extension of said radiating element follows a path selected from the group consisting of linear and tortuous, and wherein said second extension of said radiating element The section follows a path selected from the group consisting of linear and tortuous. 30. The antenna of claim 29, wherein the antenna is selected from the group consisting of a microstrip antenna and a planar inverted-F antenna. 31. A method of controlling operating parameters of a planar antenna comprising the steps of: providing a substantially planar metal emitting element (10; 43; 61; 72) having one side (13, 73); providing a substantially L-shaped slot (11; 41; 71; 101) in the radiating element; having said slot comprising side walls, an open slot end (12; 70) located on said side of said emitting element, and a closed slot end (21) located within said emitting element, said slot having a a first portion extending generally perpendicular to the side and a second portion extending generally parallel to the side; providing a shorting post (15) connecting the radiating element to the ground plane; It is characterized in that, providing a generally planar metal segment positioned within the slot and out of physical contact with the sidewall, the metal segment having a first end (23) and also has a second end (34; 53; 64) located approximately adjacent to said closed end of said slot, wherein said metal segment includes a section extending through said first portion of said slot A first portion (24; 44; 62; 74), and wherein said metal segment comprises a second portion (26-33; 45-52; 63; 65) extending through said second portion of said slot. 32. The method of claim 31 comprising the steps of: The metal segment is electrically connected to the radiating element. 33. The method of claim 31 comprising the steps of: The metal segment is electrically connected to the radiating element at a location substantially near the open end of the slot. 34. The method of claim 33, comprising the steps of: The metal segment is provided as a meandering metal segment, the length of which is greater than the length of the groove. 35. The method of claim 31 , comprising the steps of: providing a metallic ground plane spaced apart from and substantially parallel to the radiating element; and The metal segment is electrically connected to the ground plane. 36. The method of claim 35, comprising the steps of: The metal segment is provided as a meandering metal segment, the length of which is greater than the length of the groove. 37. The method of claim 31 , comprising the steps of: providing a metallic ground plane spaced apart from and substantially coplanar with the radiating element; electrically connecting the metal segment to one of the group consisting of a radiating element and a ground plane; and The antenna is selected from the group consisting of microstrip antennas and planar inverted-F antennas.

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