CN100474515C - Film formation apparatus and method for semiconductor process - Google Patents
Film formation apparatus and method for semiconductor process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种半导体处理用的成膜装置,包括向处理容器内供给用于在被处理基板上堆积薄膜的原料气体的原料气体供给系统、以及向处理容器内供给用于向薄膜中导入杂质的掺杂气体和用于稀释掺杂气体的混合气体的混合气体供给系统。混合气体供给系统包括:用于混合掺杂气体和稀释气体以形成混合气体并设置在处理容器外的气体混合箱体,从气体混合箱体向处理容器内供给混合气体的供给线,向气体混合箱体供给掺杂气体的掺杂气体供给系统,以及向气体混合箱体供给稀释气体的稀释气体供给系统。
The present invention provides a film forming apparatus for semiconductor processing, comprising a raw material gas supply system for supplying a raw material gas for depositing a thin film on a substrate to be processed into a processing container, and supplying a raw material gas for introducing impurities into the thin film into the processing container. The mixed gas supply system of the doping gas and the mixed gas used to dilute the doping gas. The mixed gas supply system includes: a gas mixing box for mixing dopant gas and diluent gas to form a mixed gas and arranged outside the processing container, a supply line for supplying the mixed gas from the gas mixing box to the processing container, and a gas mixing box to the gas mixing box. A dopant gas supply system for supplying a dopant gas to the tank, and a dilution gas supply system for supplying a dilution gas to the gas mixing tank.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及用于在半导体晶片等被处理基板上形成掺杂有磷(P)或者硼(B)等杂质(掺杂物)的薄膜的半导体处理用的成膜装置以及方法。这里,所谓半导体处理是指,用于通过在晶片、LCD(液晶显示器)、FPD(平板显示器)用的玻璃基板等被处理基板上,以规定图案形成半导体层、绝缘层、导电层等,在该被处理基板上制造包含半导体设备、与半导体设备连接的配线、电极等构造物而实施的各种处理。The present invention relates to a film forming apparatus and method for semiconductor processing for forming a thin film doped with impurities (dopants) such as phosphorus (P) or boron (B) on a substrate to be processed such as a semiconductor wafer. Here, the so-called semiconductor processing refers to the process of forming semiconductor layers, insulating layers, conductive layers, etc. Various processes are performed on the substrate to be processed to manufacture structures including semiconductor devices, wiring and electrodes connected to the semiconductor devices.
背景技术 Background technique
在构成半导体集成电路的半导体设备的制造过程中,在被处理基板、例如在半导体晶片上实施成膜、氧化、扩散、改质、退火以及蚀刻等各种处理。在作为一种成膜处理的CVD(化学蒸气沉淀)中,存在同时供给成膜用的原料气体和掺杂气体而在堆积膜中掺杂有杂质的情况。在特开2003-282566号公报中揭示有纵型热处理装置的这种CVD方法。在该方法中,在纵型处理容器内多段地收容有多枚半导体晶片。接下来,一边加热晶片一边向处理容器内供给成膜气体和含有杂质的掺杂气体。从而,在掺杂杂质的同时而在晶片上堆积薄膜。在掺杂磷的聚硅过程中,例如使用PH3气体等做为掺杂气体。In the manufacturing process of a semiconductor device constituting a semiconductor integrated circuit, various processes such as film formation, oxidation, diffusion, modification, annealing, and etching are performed on a substrate to be processed, such as a semiconductor wafer. In CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), which is one type of film forming process, there are cases where a film forming source gas and a dopant gas are simultaneously supplied to dope the deposited film with impurities. Such a CVD method in a vertical heat treatment apparatus is disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-282566. In this method, a plurality of semiconductor wafers are accommodated in multiple stages in a vertical processing container. Next, a film-forming gas and a dopant gas containing impurities are supplied into the processing chamber while heating the wafer. Thus, a thin film is deposited on the wafer while being doped with impurities. In the phosphorus-doped polysilicon process, for example, PH 3 gas is used as the doping gas.
当这种掺杂气体是蒸气压较高的原料时,能够从贮留纯粹掺杂气体的贮留容器中一边控制流量一边向处理容器内导入该掺杂气体。但是,一般来说,因为这种掺杂气体的蒸气压非常低,所以即使将纯粹气体原样导入处理容器内也不能充分扩散,使得掺杂量形成为分布不均匀的状态。When the dopant gas is a material with a relatively high vapor pressure, the dopant gas can be introduced into the processing vessel while controlling the flow rate from a storage vessel in which pure dopant gas is stored. However, in general, since the vapor pressure of such a dopant gas is very low, sufficient diffusion cannot be achieved even if a pure gas is introduced into the processing container as it is, and the dopant amount becomes unevenly distributed.
因此,通常在供给这种掺杂气体的情况下,在通过N2等惰性气体例如预先稀释1%程度的状态下向贮留储气罐内填充该掺杂气体。在使用时,该预先稀释1%浓度的掺杂气体从贮留储气罐一边控制流量一边流出,在扩散状态良好的状态下向处理容器内导入。当稀释的掺杂气体从贮留储气罐向处理容器内导入时,仅仅被稀释部分的每单位时间的气体流量变多。因此,掺杂气体能够在短时间迅速且均匀地扩散于较大容量的处理容器内。Therefore, when supplying such a dopant gas, the dopant gas is usually filled into a storage tank in a state where it is pre-diluted by, for example, about 1% with an inert gas such as N 2 . In use, the pre-diluted 1% dopant gas flows out from the storage tank while controlling the flow rate, and is introduced into the processing container in a state of good diffusion. When the diluted dopant gas is introduced from the storage tank into the processing container, the gas flow rate per unit time only increases in the diluted portion. Therefore, the dopant gas can be quickly and uniformly diffused in a large-capacity processing container in a short time.
但是,在这种情况下,因为掺杂气体以上述稀释的状态而填充在贮留储气罐内,所以每单位时间的气体使用量(流出量)增多。因此,必须在短时间内交换贮留储气罐,因此,生产率降低,从而生产量降低。特别是随着晶片尺寸从8英寸变大到12英寸(300mm),所谓批量式处理容器内的容量也显著变大。随着这些情况,有必要一边维持较高生产量一边更加迅速地进行向处理容器内导入掺杂气体时的均匀扩散。However, in this case, since the dopant gas is filled in the storage tank in the above-mentioned diluted state, the amount of gas used (outflow amount) per unit time increases. Therefore, the storage tank must be exchanged in a short time, and therefore, the productivity is lowered, and thus the production amount is lowered. In particular, as the wafer size increases from 8 inches to 12 inches (300mm), the capacity in the so-called batch processing container also becomes significantly larger. In view of these circumstances, it is necessary to perform more rapid and uniform diffusion of the dopant gas into the processing chamber while maintaining a high throughput.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于:在半导体处理用的成膜装置以及方法中,一边维持处理容器内的掺杂气体的高扩散速度,一边抑制掺杂气体源的交换频率,以此来提高生产率、即生产量。The object of the present invention is to improve the productivity, that is, the production rate by suppressing the exchange frequency of the dopant gas source while maintaining the high diffusion rate of the dopant gas in the processing container in a film-forming apparatus and method for semiconductor processing. quantity.
本发明的第一方面是一种半导体处理用的成膜装置,其中包括:A first aspect of the present invention is a film-forming device for semiconductor processing, including:
收纳隔开间隔而积累的多个被处理基板的处理容器;A processing container for accommodating a plurality of substrates to be processed accumulated at intervals;
在上述处理容器内支持上述被处理基板的支持部材;A supporting member supporting the substrate to be processed in the processing container;
加热上述处理容器内的上述被处理基板的加热器;a heater for heating the above-mentioned substrate to be processed in the above-mentioned processing container;
对上述处理容器内进行排气的排气系统;An exhaust system for exhausting the inside of the above-mentioned processing container;
原料气体供给系统,向上述处理容器内供给用于在上述被处理基板上堆积薄膜的原料气体;a source gas supply system for supplying a source gas for depositing a thin film on the substrate to be processed into the processing container;
混合气体供给系统,向上述处理容器内供给用于向上述薄膜中导入杂质的掺杂气体和用于稀释上述掺杂气体的稀释气体的混合气体;以及a mixed gas supply system for supplying a mixed gas of a doping gas for introducing impurities into the thin film and a dilution gas for diluting the dopant gas into the processing container; and
控制包含上述混合气体供给系统的上述装置的动作的控制部,其中,A control unit for controlling the operation of the above-mentioned device including the above-mentioned mixed gas supply system, wherein,
上述混合气体供给系统包括:The above mixed gas supply system includes:
气体混合箱体,用于混合上述掺杂气体和上述稀释气体以形成上述混合气体,被设置在上述处理容器外;a gas mixing box, used for mixing the above-mentioned dopant gas and the above-mentioned diluent gas to form the above-mentioned mixed gas, and is arranged outside the above-mentioned processing container;
从上述气体混合箱体向上述处理容器内供给上述混合气体的混合气体供给线;a mixed gas supply line for supplying the mixed gas from the gas mixing box to the processing container;
向上述气体混合箱体内供给上述掺杂气体的掺杂气体供给系统;以及a dopant gas supply system for supplying the above-mentioned dopant gas into the above-mentioned gas mixing box; and
向上述气体混合箱体内供给上述稀释气体的稀释气体供给系统。A dilution gas supply system for supplying the dilution gas into the gas mixing tank.
本发明的第二方面是一种半导体处理用的成膜方法,包括:A second aspect of the present invention is a film-forming method for semiconductor processing, comprising:
加热隔开间隔而积累在处理容器内的多个被处理基板的工程,The process of heating a plurality of substrates to be processed accumulated in the processing container at intervals,
向上述处理容器内供给用于在上述被处理基板上堆积薄膜的原料气体的工程,A process of supplying a raw material gas for depositing a thin film on the substrate to be processed into the processing container,
以及在向设置于上述处理容器外的气体混合箱体供给用于向上述薄膜中导入杂质的掺杂气体以及用于稀释上述掺杂气体的稀释气体而形成混合气体的同时,从上述气体混合箱体向上述处理容器内供给上述混合气体的工程。And while supplying a dopant gas for introducing impurities into the above-mentioned thin film and a dilution gas for diluting the above-mentioned dopant gas to a gas mixing box provided outside the above-mentioned processing container to form a mixed gas, from the above-mentioned gas mixing box A process of supplying the above-mentioned mixed gas into the above-mentioned processing container.
本发明的第三方面是一种可由计算机读取的媒体,其中,上述计算机含有用于在处理器中实施的程序指令,A third aspect of the present invention is a computer-readable medium, wherein said computer contains program instructions for implementation in a processor,
在由处理器实行上述程序指令时,在半导体处理用的成膜装置中实施下述工程:When the above-mentioned program instructions are executed by the processor, the following processes are performed in the film-forming apparatus for semiconductor processing:
加热隔开间隔而积累在处理容器内的多个被处理基板的工程,The process of heating a plurality of substrates to be processed accumulated in the processing container at intervals,
向上述处理容器内供给用于在上述被处理基板上堆积薄膜的原料气体的工程,A process of supplying a raw material gas for depositing a thin film on the substrate to be processed into the processing container,
以及在向设置于上述处理容器外的气体混合箱体供给用于向上述薄膜中导入杂质的掺杂气体以及用于稀释上述掺杂气体的稀释气体而形成混合气体的同时,从上述气体混合箱体向上述处理容器内供给上述混合气体的工程。And while supplying a dopant gas for introducing impurities into the above-mentioned thin film and a dilution gas for diluting the above-mentioned dopant gas to a gas mixing box provided outside the above-mentioned processing container to form a mixed gas, from the above-mentioned gas mixing box A process of supplying the above-mentioned mixed gas into the above-mentioned processing container.
本发明更多的课题和优点将会在下面进行描述,它们很明显属于本发明的一部分,或者可以通过本发明的实践而被得知。发明的课题和优点可以通过具体方式和结合而被得知。More subjects and advantages of the present invention will be described below, and they obviously belong to a part of the present invention, or can be learned through the practice of the present invention. The problems and advantages of the invention can be realized through specific methods and combinations.
附图说明 Description of drawings
这些附图结合构成了说明书一部分,用于描述本发明的具体实施方式,与上述通常说明一起具体描述下述实施方式,用于解释本发明的原理。These drawings together constitute a part of the specification and are used to describe the specific embodiments of the present invention. Together with the general description above, the following embodiments are specifically described to explain the principle of the present invention.
图1是表示本发明的实施方式的纵型成膜装置(CVD装置)的结构图。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a vertical film formation apparatus (CVD apparatus) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是处理容器内的气体流入状态、气体向气体混合箱体内的流入量、各开闭阀的开闭状态、气体混合箱体内以及处理容器内的压力的示意图。2 is a schematic view showing the gas inflow state in the processing container, the inflow amount of gas into the gas mixing box, the opening and closing states of each on-off valve, and the pressure in the gas mixing box and the processing container.
图3是表示主控制部结构的简要框图。Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a main control unit.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下,参照附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。其中,在以下说明中,对具有大致相同功能以及结构的构成要素标注同一符号,只在必要时进行重复说明。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, in the following description, the same reference numerals are attached to components having substantially the same function and structure, and the description will be repeated only when necessary.
图1是表示本发明实施方式的纵型成膜装置(CVD装置)的结构图。如图1所示,成膜装置2具有下端开放成圆筒状的纵型处理容器4。处理容器4例如由耐热性高的石英制成。在处理容器4的天井部形成有开口的排气口6。在排气口6上连接设置有横向弯曲成直角的排气喷嘴8。排气喷嘴8与在中途设置有压力控制阀10和真空泵12的排气系统14连接。通过排气系统14能够将处理容器内的气体真空排出。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a vertical film formation apparatus (CVD apparatus) according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the film forming apparatus 2 has a vertical processing container 4 whose lower end is opened into a cylindrical shape. The processing container 4 is made of, for example, quartz with high heat resistance. An open exhaust port 6 is formed in the ceiling portion of the processing container 4 . An exhaust nozzle 8 bent laterally at a right angle is connected to the exhaust port 6 . The exhaust nozzle 8 is connected to an exhaust system 14 provided with a pressure control valve 10 and a vacuum pump 12 on the way. The gas in the processing container can be vacuum-exhausted through the exhaust system 14 .
处理容器4的下端例如由不锈钢制成的圆筒状的主架16所支持。在处理容器4的下端和主架16的上端之间放入有O形环等密封部材20来维持该部分的气密性。在主架16的下端形成有开口部,通过其来装载以及卸载晶片舱18。晶片舱18由石英制成,起到以规定间距来多段载置半导体晶片W的保持构件的作用。在本实施方式的情况下,在晶片舱18中,能够以大约相等间距多段地支持50枚~100枚左右直径为300mm的晶片W。主架16的部分可以通过石英与处理容器4一侧一体成形。The lower end of the processing container 4 is supported by, for example, a cylindrical main frame 16 made of stainless steel. A sealing member 20 such as an O-ring is interposed between the lower end of the processing container 4 and the upper end of the main frame 16 to maintain the airtightness of this portion. An opening is formed at the lower end of the main frame 16 through which the wafer pod 18 is loaded and unloaded. The wafer pod 18 is made of quartz, and functions as a holding member for placing semiconductor wafers W in multiple stages at a predetermined pitch. In the case of the present embodiment, in the wafer chamber 18, approximately 50 to 100 wafers W having a diameter of 300 mm can be supported in multiple stages at approximately equal intervals. Part of the main frame 16 can be integrally formed with one side of the processing container 4 through quartz.
晶片舱18通过石英制成的保温筒22而被放置在工作台24上。工作台24被支持在贯通开闭主架16的下端开口部的盖部26的回转轴28的上端部。在回转轴28的贯穿部例如设置有磁性流体封30,气密密闭且可旋转地支持回转轴26。在盖部26的周边部和主架16的下端部之间例如放入由O形环等构成的密封部材32,用以保持处理容器4内的密封性。The wafer chamber 18 is placed on a table 24 by an insulated cylinder 22 made of quartz. The table 24 is supported by an upper end portion of a rotary shaft 28 of a lid portion 26 penetrating through the lower end opening of the main frame 16 . For example, a magnetic fluid seal 30 is provided at the penetrating portion of the rotary shaft 28 to support the rotary shaft 26 in an airtight manner and rotatably. A sealing member 32 made of, for example, an O-ring or the like is placed between the peripheral portion of the lid portion 26 and the lower end portion of the main frame 16 to maintain the airtightness of the processing container 4 .
回转轴28例如被安装在支持于起卸机等升降机构34上的臂部36的前端。通过升降机构34来一体升降晶片舱18以及盖部26等。其中,向着盖部26一侧固定设置工作台24,使得即使不旋转晶片舱18也能够进行晶片W的处理。The rotary shaft 28 is attached, for example, to the tip of an arm portion 36 supported by an elevating mechanism 34 such as a lifter. The wafer pod 18 , the cover 26 , and the like are integrally raised and lowered by the elevating mechanism 34 . Among them, the stage 24 is fixedly installed toward the cover portion 26 side so that the wafer W can be processed without rotating the wafer pod 18 .
在处理容器4的侧部以包围它的方式而配设有由碳金属丝制成的加热器38(例如记载在特开2003-209063号公报中)。通过加热器38来加热处理容器4内的气体,因此,使半导体晶片W被加热。碳金属丝加热器能够实现清净的工艺,而且在升降温特性方面具有优越性,适用于后述那样的连续进行多个处理的情况。在加热器38的外周设置有隔热材料40,以确保热稳定性。在主架16上配设有用于向处理容器4内导入并供给各种气体的各种气体供给系统。A heater 38 made of carbon wire is disposed on a side portion of the processing container 4 so as to surround it (for example, it is described in JP-A-2003-209063). The gas in the processing container 4 is heated by the heater 38 , so that the semiconductor wafer W is heated. The carbon wire heater can realize a clean process, and is superior in temperature rise and fall characteristics, and is suitable for the case where a plurality of treatments are performed continuously as described later. A heat insulating material 40 is provided on the outer periphery of the heater 38 to ensure thermal stability. Various gas supply systems for introducing and supplying various gases into the processing chamber 4 are arranged on the main frame 16 .
具体地说,在主架16上接续有原料气体供给系统42、还原性气体供给系统44以及混合气体供给系统45。各气体供给系统42、44、45分别具有气体喷嘴42A、44A、45A。各气体喷嘴42A、44A、45A贯通主架16的侧壁,同时,弯曲成直角使得其端部向上。Specifically, a raw material gas supply system 42 , a reducing gas supply system 44 , and a mixed gas supply system 45 are connected to the main frame 16 . Each gas supply system 42, 44, 45 has gas nozzle 42A, 44A, 45A, respectively. Each gas nozzle 42A, 44A, 45A penetrates the side wall of the main frame 16, and at the same time, is bent at a right angle so that its end is upward.
原料气体供给系统42向处理容器4内供给用于在晶片W上堆积薄膜的原料气体。还原性气体供给系统44向处理容器4内供给用于促进原料气体分解的还原性气体。混合气体供给系统45向处理容器4内供给用于向薄膜中导入杂质的掺杂气体以及用于稀释掺杂气体的稀释气体的混合气体。而且,混合气体45与净化气体供给系统50连接。净化气体供给系统50向处理容器4内供给作为净化气体的惰性气体。The source gas supply system 42 supplies a source gas for depositing a thin film on the wafer W into the processing container 4 . The reducing gas supply system 44 supplies a reducing gas for promoting decomposition of the source gas into the processing container 4 . The mixed gas supply system 45 supplies a mixed gas of a dopant gas for introducing impurities into the thin film and a dilution gas for diluting the dopant gas into the processing chamber 4 . Furthermore, the mixed gas 45 is connected to a purge gas supply system 50 . The purge gas supply system 50 supplies an inert gas as a purge gas into the processing container 4 .
在该实施方式中,作为原料气体使用硅烷系的气体,例如SiCl4。作为还原性气体使用氢气(H2)。作为掺杂气体例如为了掺杂磷而使用PH3。作为稀释气体和净化气体使用氮气(N2)。作为稀释气体和净化气体也可以使用Ar或He等其它惰性气体来代替N2。In this embodiment, a silane-based gas such as SiCl 4 is used as the source gas. Hydrogen (H 2 ) is used as the reducing gas. PH 3 is used as doping gas, for example for phosphorus doping. Nitrogen (N 2 ) was used as diluent gas and purge gas. Instead of N 2 , other inert gases such as Ar and He may be used as the diluent gas and the purge gas.
更具体地说,原料气体供给系统42以及还原性气体供给系统44的气体喷嘴42A、44A通过掺杂气体供给线52以及还原性气体供给线54(气体通路)与原料气体源42S以及还原性气体源44S相连。在气体通路52、54上设置有开闭阀和质量流量控制器那样的流量控制器52B、54B。从而,能够一边控制流量一边供给原料气体以及还原性气体。More specifically, the gas nozzles 42A and 44A of the raw material gas supply system 42 and the reducing gas supply system 44 are connected to the raw material gas source 42S and the reducing gas supply line 52 and the reducing gas supply line 54 (gas passage). Source 44S is connected. Flow controllers 52B and 54B such as on-off valves and mass flow controllers are provided in the gas passages 52 and 54 . Therefore, it is possible to supply the raw material gas and the reducing gas while controlling the flow rates.
混合气体供给系统45的气体喷嘴45A经由混合气体供给线(气体通路)64与设置在处理容器4外的气体混合箱体66连接。在气体通路64上设置有开闭阀64A。混合箱体66具有用于使掺杂气体和稀释气体混合而形成混合气体的规定容量。气体混合箱体66的容量根据处理容器4的容量例如在200~5000cc的范围内。特别是当在处理容器4内收容有300mm的晶片50~100枚程度的情况下,希望气体混合箱体66的容量在600~700cc的范围。当气体混合箱体66的容量小于200cc的情况下,不能形成在成膜时所必要充分的混合气体的容量。此外,在容量大于5000cc的情况下,装置本身会过于大型化。The gas nozzle 45A of the mixed gas supply system 45 is connected to a gas mixing box 66 provided outside the processing chamber 4 via a mixed gas supply line (gas passage) 64 . An on-off
在掺杂气体源56内填充有不带有稀释气体的纯粹的掺杂气体。在气体通路58和62上配制有开闭阀58A、62A和质量流量控制器那样的流量控制器58B、62B。因此,能够一边控制流量一边供给掺杂气体和稀释气体。气体通路58、62在合流气体通路(合流线)63合并后,与气体混合箱体66连接。但是,各气体通路58、62也可以分别与混合箱体66连接。Pure dopant gas without diluent gas is filled in dopant gas source 56 . On-off valves 58A, 62A and flow controllers 58B, 62B such as mass flow controllers are disposed on the gas passages 58 and 62 . Therefore, it is possible to supply the dopant gas and the diluent gas while controlling the flow rates. The gas passages 58 and 62 are connected to the gas mixing box 66 after the merge gas passage (merge line) 63 is merged. However, each of the gas passages 58 and 62 may be connected to the mixing box 66 respectively.
此外,混合气体供给系统45的气体通路64也作为净化气体供给系统50的气体通路而被使用。即,气体通路64在开闭阀64A的下游、经由净化气体供给线(气体通路)68与净化气体源50S连接。在气体通路68上设置有开闭阀68A和质量流量控制器那样的流量控制器68B。因此,能够一边控制流量一边供给净化气体。In addition, the gas passage 64 of the mixed gas supply system 45 is also used as the gas passage of the purge gas supply system 50 . That is, the gas passage 64 is connected to the purge gas source 50S via the purge gas supply line (gas passage) 68 downstream of the on-off
开闭阀52A、54A、64A、68A、58A、62A通过由微型计算机等构成的气体供给控制部70来控制其开关。在气体混合箱体66中设置有用于测定内部压力的压力计72,实时地将该压力测定值向气体供给控制部70输出。气体供给控制部70通过基于掺杂气体和稀释气体的流量比、以及压力测定值来实时地计算而能够求得掺杂气体的体积。Opening and closing
此外,成膜装置2具有由控制包含气体供给控制部70的装置整体动作的计算机所构成的主控制部80。主控制部80在与其随附的存储部内预先存储有成膜处理方法、例如根据被成膜的膜厚以及组成等来进行后述成膜处理。此外,在该存储部中,处理气体流量和膜的膜厚以及组成的关系作为预先控制数据而被存储。因此,主控制部80基于这些存储的处理方法而能够控制气体供给控制部70、排气系统14、升降机构34以及加热器38等。Further, the film forming apparatus 2 has a main control unit 80 composed of a computer that controls the operation of the entire apparatus including the gas supply control unit 70 . The main control unit 80 preliminarily stores a film forming process method in a storage unit accompanying it, and performs film forming process described later in accordance with, for example, the film thickness and composition of the film to be formed. In addition, in this storage unit, the relationship between the process gas flow rate and the film thickness and composition of the film is stored as pre-control data. Therefore, the main control unit 80 can control the gas supply control unit 70, the exhaust system 14, the elevating mechanism 34, the heater 38, and the like based on these stored processing methods.
接下来,对使用上述结构的成膜装置2进行的成膜方法进行说明。在该实施方式的方法中,分别间隔地(以脉冲状)将原料气体、还原性气体、掺杂气体以及稀释气体向处理容器4导入。因此,通过反复成膜原子层面或者分子层面的薄膜来堆积掺杂磷的聚硅膜。该成膜方法被称为所谓的ALD(原子层沉积)。Next, a film-forming method performed using the film-forming apparatus 2 configured as described above will be described. In the method of this embodiment, the source gas, the reducing gas, the dopant gas, and the diluent gas are introduced into the processing container 4 at intervals (pulse). Therefore, phosphorus-doped polysilicon films are deposited by repeatedly forming thin films at the atomic level or molecular level. This film-forming method is called so-called ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition).
首先,在成膜装置2没有加载晶片的待机状态时,处理容器4维持在比处理温度低的温度。另一方面,将搭载有多枚例如50枚晶片W的常温晶片舱18,从常温晶片舱18的下方向上装载在处理容器4内。然后,通过使用盖部26来关闭主架16的下端开口部以密闭处理容器4的内部。First, in the standby state in which the film formation apparatus 2 is not loaded with a wafer, the processing container 4 is maintained at a temperature lower than the processing temperature. On the other hand, the normal-temperature wafer chamber 18 carrying a plurality of, for example, 50 wafers W is loaded in the processing container 4 upward from the bottom of the normal-temperature wafer chamber 18 . Then, the opening of the lower end of the main frame 16 is closed by using the lid portion 26 to hermetically seal the inside of the processing container 4 .
接下来,将处理容器4内抽成真空并维持在规定的处理压力。同时,通过增大向加热器38的供给电力而使晶片温度上升,升温到成膜用的处理温度为止并使其稳定。接下来,在控制流量的同时,从各气体供给系统42、44、45的气体喷嘴42A、44A、45A向处理容器4内供给每次进行各处理工程时所必要的规定处理气体。如上所述,间隔地(以脉冲状)进行各种气体的供给,这些各种气体的供给以及供给的停止是通过气体供给控制部70控制各开闭阀52A、54A、64A、68A等而进行的。Next, the inside of the processing container 4 is evacuated and maintained at a predetermined processing pressure. Simultaneously, the wafer temperature is raised by increasing the power supplied to the heater 38, and the temperature is raised and stabilized until it reaches the processing temperature for film formation. Next, while controlling the flow rate, a predetermined processing gas necessary for each processing process is supplied from the gas nozzles 42A, 44A, 45A of the gas supply systems 42 , 44 , 45 into the processing chamber 4 . As described above, various gases are supplied at intervals (in a pulse form), and the supply and stop of these various gases are performed by the gas supply control unit 70 controlling the on-off
对于开闭阀58A、62A来说,若成膜处理开始则处于开状态,掺杂气体以及稀释气体N2始终从掺杂气体源56和稀释气体源60流出。这样一来,以预定流量比连续地向气体混合箱体66内供给掺杂气体和稀释气体,在气体混合箱体66内形成均匀混合了的混合气体。The on-off valves 58A and 62A are opened when the film formation process starts, and the dopant gas and the dilution gas N 2 always flow out from the dopant gas source 56 and the dilution gas source 60 . In this way, the dopant gas and the diluent gas are continuously supplied into the gas mixing box 66 at a predetermined flow ratio, and a uniformly mixed mixed gas is formed in the gas mixing box 66 .
另一方面,在连续地向气体混合箱体66内供给掺杂气体和稀释气体期间,气体供给控制部70通过以脉冲状使开闭阀64A开闭,从而以脉冲状向处理容器4内供给混合气体。此外,气体供给控制部70在以脉冲状使开闭阀64A开闭的同时,通过以脉冲状使开闭阀52A、54A开闭而能够以脉冲状向处理容器4内供给原料气体以及还原性气体。而且,气体供给控制部70在以脉冲状使开闭阀52A、54A、64A开闭的同时,通过以脉冲状来使开闭阀58A闭开而逆相位地以脉冲状向处理容器4内供给净化气体、混合气体、原料气体以及还原性气体。On the other hand, while the dopant gas and the diluent gas are continuously supplied into the gas mixing box 66, the gas supply control unit 70 opens and closes the on-off
图2是处理容器4内的气体流入状态、向气体混合箱体66内的气体流入量、各开闭阀52A、54A、64A、68A的开闭状态、气体混合箱体66内以及处理容器4内的压力的示意图。2 shows the state of gas inflow into the processing container 4, the amount of gas inflow into the gas mixing box 66, the opening and closing states of the on-off
首先,若成膜处理开始,则开闭阀58A、62A同时开放,作为掺杂气体的PH3和作为稀释气体的N2开始流出,这两种气体在气体混合箱体66内均匀地混合(参照图2D以及图2E)。在该状态下,因为开闭阀64关闭,所以其混合气体不向下游侧流动。然后,当贮留了气体混合箱体66内程度的量的混合气体以后,间歇性地向处理容器4供给该混合气体(参照图2B)。与该混和气体的供给同步,也是间歇性地向处理容器4供给原料气体(SiCl4)和还原性气体(H2)来进行成膜处理(参照图2A)。此外,当没有同时将原料气体、混合气体向处理容器4导入时,向容器4供给作为净化气体的N2气体以排出残留气体(参照图2C)。First, when the film forming process starts, the on-off valves 58A and 62A are simultaneously opened, and PH 3 as a dopant gas and N 2 as a diluent gas start to flow out, and these two gases are uniformly mixed in the gas mixing box 66 ( See Figure 2D and Figure 2E). In this state, since the on-off valve 64 is closed, the mixed gas does not flow downstream. Then, after the mixed gas is stored in the gas mixing tank 66, the mixed gas is intermittently supplied to the processing container 4 (see FIG. 2B). In synchronization with the supply of the mixed gas, the raw material gas (SiCl 4 ) and the reducing gas (H 2 ) are also intermittently supplied to the processing container 4 to perform the film formation process (see FIG. 2A ). In addition, when the raw material gas and the mixed gas are not introduced into the processing container 4 at the same time, N 2 gas is supplied as a purge gas to the container 4 to discharge the residual gas (see FIG. 2C ).
上记各种气体的向处理容器4的供给和供给停止,如图2F~图2H所示那样,是通过各开闭阀52A、54A、64A、68A的开闭控制来进行的。如图2(I)中所示,气体混合箱体66内的压力形成为反复在微压力P1和压力P2之间。此外,处理容器4内的压力形成为也反复在略微压力P3和P4之间。The supply and stop of the above-mentioned various gases to the processing container 4 are performed by opening and closing control of the opening and
此时的原料气体等一次供给期间例如是T1在1~180sec范围内,N2气体的净化期间T2例如是在1~180sec的范围内,成膜温度例如在300~650℃的范围内。成膜压力为26.6~1333Pa程度的范围内,SiCl4的流量例如为200~5000sccm的范围内,N2气体流量例如在200~5000sccm的范围内。掺杂气体PH3的流量例如在0.1~1000sccm范围内,作为稀释气体的N2气体的流量例如在1~5000sccm的范围内。At this time, the primary supply period of source gas etc. is, for example, T1 in the range of 1 to 180 sec, the purging period T2 of N 2 gas is in the range of, for example, 1 to 180 sec, and the film forming temperature is in the range of, for example, 300 to 650°C. The film forming pressure is in the range of about 26.6 to 1333 Pa, the flow rate of SiCl 4 is in the range of 200 to 5000 sccm, and the flow rate of N 2 gas is in the range of 200 to 5000 sccm, for example. The flow rate of the doping gas PH 3 is, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 1000 sccm, and the flow rate of the N 2 gas as the diluent gas is, for example, in the range of 1 to 5000 sccm.
此时,气体供给控制部70根据从主控制部80接受的处理方法来操作各开闭阀52A、54A、64A、68A(设定气体供给的脉冲幅度)。在该情况下,各气体的供给和供给停止的时间能够通过定时器计测各期间T1、T2而求得。At this time, the gas supply control unit 70 operates the on-off
取而代之,各气体的供给和供给停止的时间能够通过压力计72监控气体混合箱体66内的压力,并基于该压力变化而求得。例如,当气体混合箱体66到达规定压力P1时,使开闭阀64A打开。这时,基于该开始压力P1和预先决定的在一脉冲下的混合气体的供给量,立即能够算出应该停止供给的结束压力。然后,继续供给混合气体,当到达气体混合箱体66内的结束压力(在该例子中为P2)时,关闭开闭阀64A,停止混合气体的供给,这种情况下,其它的开闭阀52A、54A、68A与开闭阀64A的操作同步进行操作。Instead, the supply and stop timing of each gas can be obtained by monitoring the pressure in the gas mixing tank 66 with the pressure gauge 72 and based on the pressure change. For example, when the gas mixing tank 66 reaches a predetermined pressure P1, the on-off
进一步说,当根据气体混合箱体66内的压力变化来求得各气体的供给和供给停止的时间的情况下,在气体混合箱体66到达规定压力P1时,设置开闭阀64A只在规定时间开放,在这种情况下,其它的开闭阀52A、54A、68A与开闭阀64A同步操作来进行操作。Furthermore, when the supply of each gas and the time to stop the supply are obtained according to the pressure change in the gas mixing box 66, when the gas mixing box 66 reaches the specified pressure P1, the on-off
与上述的实施方式相关的方法是,如上所述那样基于处理程序在主控制部80的控制下实行。图3是表示主控制部80结构的简要框图。主控制部80具有CPU210,在此连接有存储部212、输入部214、以及输出部216等。在存储部212内存储有处理程序和工艺方法。输入部214包括用于与使用者对话的输入装置、例如键盘或者随身设备、以及存储媒体的驱动等、输出部216输出用于控制处理装置的各机器的控制信号。此外,图3中还显示出可装卸于计算机的存储媒体218。The method related to the above-mentioned embodiment is executed under the control of the main control unit 80 based on the processing program as described above. FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of the main control unit 80 . The main control unit 80 has a CPU 210 to which a storage unit 212 , an input unit 214 , an output unit 216 , and the like are connected. Processing programs and process methods are stored in the storage unit 212 . The input unit 214 includes an input device for communicating with the user, such as a keyboard or a portable device, and a drive for a storage medium, and the output unit 216 outputs control signals for controlling each device of the processing device. In addition, FIG. 3 also shows a storage medium 218 that can be attached to and detached from the computer.
上述实施方式的方法是作为在工艺上可以实行的程序指令,通过写入计算机可读取的存储媒体内而能够适用于各种半导体处理装置。或者,这种程序指令通过通信媒体传送而能够适用于各种半导体处理装置。存储媒体例如是磁盘(软盘、硬盘(其中一个例子是存储部212中所包含的硬盘)等)、光盘(CD、DVD等)、磁光盘(MO等)、以及半导体存储等。控制半导体处理装置的动作的计算机读取存储在存储媒体上的程序指令,并通过在工艺上实行其来实行上述方法。The methods of the above-described embodiments are applicable to various semiconductor processing apparatuses by writing them into a computer-readable storage medium as process-executable program instructions. Alternatively, such program instructions can be applied to various semiconductor processing devices by being transmitted through a communication medium. The storage medium is, for example, a magnetic disk (a floppy disk, a hard disk (one example of which is included in the storage unit 212) and the like), an optical disk (CD, DVD, etc.), a magneto-optical disk (MO, etc.), semiconductor storage, and the like. The computer that controls the operation of the semiconductor processing device reads the program instructions stored in the storage medium, and executes the above-mentioned method on the process.
在上述实施方式中,作为掺杂气体源56使用填充有没有混合稀释气体的纯粹掺杂气体的储气罐。从该储气罐流出的纯粹的掺杂气体在气体混合容器66内与稀释气体均匀混合而形成大量的混合气体。然后,向处理容器4内供给该混合气体。因此,提高掺杂气体的扩散速度,使掺杂气体向处理容器4内迅速且短时间地均匀扩散成为可能。此外,因为在掺杂气体源的储气罐内填充有纯粹的掺杂气体,所以该交换频率完全减少,能够维持较高的生产率、即生产量。其中,即使掺杂气体源56中不是纯粹的气体,只要在填充到一定程度以上、例如浓度10%以上的高浓度掺杂气体的情况下也能够得到规定效果。In the above-described embodiment, a gas tank filled with a pure dopant gas not mixed with a diluent gas is used as the dopant gas source 56 . The pure dopant gas flowing out of the gas storage tank is uniformly mixed with the diluent gas in the gas mixing container 66 to form a large amount of mixed gas. Then, the mixed gas is supplied into the processing container 4 . Therefore, the diffusion rate of the dopant gas is increased, and the dopant gas can be quickly and uniformly diffused into the processing container 4 in a short time. In addition, since pure dopant gas is filled in the gas storage tank of the dopant gas source, the exchange frequency is completely reduced, and high productivity, that is, throughput can be maintained. Here, even if the dopant gas source 56 is not a pure gas, a predetermined effect can be obtained as long as it is filled with a high-concentration dopant gas of a certain level or more, for example, a concentration of 10% or more.
在上述的实施方式中,虽然例示了掺杂磷的聚硅膜的成膜方法,但是本发明也适用于掺杂其它杂质、或者成膜其它种类的膜的情况。In the above-mentioned embodiments, the film-forming method of the phosphorus-doped polysilicon film was exemplified, but the present invention is also applicable to cases where other impurities are doped or other types of films are formed.
作为热处理装置的处理容器4,并不局限于图1所示的单管构造,例如也可以是双管构造。作为被处理基板,并不局限于半导体晶片,也可以是LCD基板、玻璃基板等其他基板。The processing vessel 4 as a heat treatment device is not limited to the single-tube structure shown in FIG. 1 , and may have a double-tube structure, for example. The substrate to be processed is not limited to a semiconductor wafer, and may be other substrates such as LCD substrates and glass substrates.
本领域技术人员能够很容易联想到附加优点和改进。因而,本发明在其广阔范围内并不局限于上述说明和具体实施方式。因此,只要不脱离权利要求和其等效物所限定的本发明的精神和范围,可以进行各种改进。Additional advantages and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention in its broad scope is not limited to the above description and specific embodiments. Accordingly, various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims and their equivalents.
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| CNB2005100774376A Expired - Fee Related CN100474515C (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2005-06-21 | Film formation apparatus and method for semiconductor process |
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| CN (1) | CN100474515C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101556110B (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2012-07-11 | 江苏奥能耐火材料有限公司 | Improvement on non-oxidation firing electric furnace for carbon-containing materials |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4916257B2 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2012-04-11 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | Oxide film forming method, oxide film forming apparatus and program |
| CN105568256A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-05-11 | 北京七星华创电子股份有限公司 | Implementation method for preparing thin film through atomic layer deposition technology |
-
2005
- 2005-06-21 CN CNB2005100774376A patent/CN100474515C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101556110B (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2012-07-11 | 江苏奥能耐火材料有限公司 | Improvement on non-oxidation firing electric furnace for carbon-containing materials |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1713351A (en) | 2005-12-28 |
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