CN100468239C - A computer system capable of monitoring and controlling the operation of a fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents
A computer system capable of monitoring and controlling the operation of a fuel cell power generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种可对燃料电池发电系统运行进行监测与控制的计算机系统,包括计算机、控制器区域总线(CAN总线)转换器、燃料电池监控装置,所述的计算机通过CAN总线转换器监视、分析、记录燃料电池监控装置的数据信息,并且读取控制运行参数、运算控制指令,向发动机发送控制指令、控制状态显示、控制状态记录以及修改控制运行参数。与现有技术相比,本发明具有线路简单、性能可靠等特点。
The invention relates to a computer system capable of monitoring and controlling the operation of a fuel cell power generation system, including a computer, a controller area bus (CAN bus) converter, and a fuel cell monitoring device. The computer monitors, Analyze and record the data information of the fuel cell monitoring device, read control operation parameters, calculate control instructions, send control instructions to the engine, display control status, record control status and modify control operation parameters. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the characteristics of simple circuit, reliable performance and the like.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及燃料电池,尤其涉及一种可对燃料电池发电系统运行进行监测与控制的计算机系统。The invention relates to a fuel cell, in particular to a computer system capable of monitoring and controlling the operation of a fuel cell power generation system.
背景技术 Background technique
电化学燃料电池是一种能够将氢及氧化剂转化成电能及反应产物的装置。该装置的内部核心部件是膜电极(Membrane Electrode Assembly,简称MEA),膜电极(MEA)由一张质子交换膜、膜两面夹两张多孔性的可导电的材料,如碳纸组成。在膜与碳纸的两边界面上含有均匀细小分散的引发电化学反应的催化剂,如金属铂催化剂。膜电极两边可用导电物体将发生电化学发应过程中生成的电子,通过外电路引出,构成电流回路。An electrochemical fuel cell is a device that converts hydrogen and oxidants into electrical energy and reaction products. The internal core component of the device is the membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly, referred to as MEA). The membrane electrode (MEA) is composed of a proton exchange membrane and two porous conductive materials, such as carbon paper, sandwiched between the two sides of the membrane. On the two boundary surfaces of the membrane and the carbon paper, there are even and finely dispersed catalysts for initiating electrochemical reactions, such as metal platinum catalysts. Conductive objects can be used on both sides of the membrane electrode to draw the electrons generated during the electrochemical reaction through an external circuit to form a current loop.
在膜电极的阳极端,燃料可以通过渗透穿过多孔性扩散材料(碳纸),并在催化剂表面上发生电化学反应,失去电子,形成正离子,正离子可通过迁移穿过质子交换膜,到达膜电极的另一端阴极端。在膜电极的阴极端,含有氧化剂(如氧气)的气体,如空气,通过渗透穿过多孔性扩散材料(碳纸),并在催化剂表面上发生电化学反应得到电子,形成负离子。在阴极端形成的阴离子与阳极端迁移过来的正离子发生反应,形成反应产物。At the anode end of the membrane electrode, the fuel can permeate through the porous diffusion material (carbon paper), and an electrochemical reaction occurs on the surface of the catalyst, losing electrons and forming positive ions, which can migrate through the proton exchange membrane, Reach the cathode end of the other end of the membrane electrode. At the cathode end of the membrane electrode, a gas containing an oxidant (such as oxygen), such as air, penetrates through the porous diffusion material (carbon paper), and electrochemically reacts on the surface of the catalyst to obtain electrons to form negative ions. Anions formed at the cathode end react with positive ions migrating from the anode end to form reaction products.
在采用氢气为燃料,含有氧气的空气为氧化剂(或纯氧为氧化剂)的质子交换膜燃料电池中,燃料氢气在阳极区的催化电化学反应就产生了氢正离子(或叫质子)。质子交换膜帮助氢正离子从阳极区迁移到阴极区。除此之外,质子交换膜将含氢气燃料的气流与含氧的气流分隔开来,使它们不会相互混合而产生爆发式反应。In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell that uses hydrogen as fuel and air containing oxygen as the oxidant (or pure oxygen as the oxidant), the catalytic electrochemical reaction of fuel hydrogen in the anode region produces positive hydride ions (or protons). The proton exchange membrane facilitates the migration of positive hydride ions from the anode region to the cathode region. In addition, the proton exchange membrane separates the hydrogen-containing fuel gas stream from the oxygen-containing gas stream so that they do not mix with each other and cause an explosive reaction.
在阴极区,氧气在催化剂表面上得到电子,形成负离子,并与阳极区迁移过来的氢正离子反应,生成反应产物水。在采用氢气、空气(氧气)的质子交换膜燃料电池中,阳极反应与阴极反应可以用以下方程式表达;In the cathode area, oxygen gets electrons on the surface of the catalyst to form negative ions, and reacts with positive hydrogen ions migrated from the anode area to generate water as a reaction product. In the proton exchange membrane fuel cell that adopts hydrogen, air (oxygen), the anode reaction and the cathode reaction can be expressed by the following equation;
阳极反应:H2→2H++2eAnode reaction: H 2 → 2H + +2e
阴极反应:1/2O2+2H++2e→H2OCathode reaction: 1/2O 2 +2H + +2e→H 2 O
在典型的质子交换膜燃料电池中,膜电极(MEA)一般均放在两块导电的极板中间,每块导流极板与膜电极接触的表面通过压铸、冲压或机械铣刻,形成至少一条以上的导流槽。这些导流极板可以上金属材料的极板,也可以是石墨材料的极板。这些导流极板上的流体孔道与导流槽分别将燃料和氧化剂导入膜电极两边的阳极区与阴极区。在一个质子交换膜燃料电池单电池的构造中,只存在一个膜电极,膜电极两边分别是阳极燃料的导流板与阴极氧化剂的导流板。这些导流板既作为电流集流板,也作为膜电极两边的机械支撑,导流板上的导流槽又作为燃料与氧化剂进入阳极、阴极表面的通道,并作为带走燃料电池运行过程中生成的水的通道。In a typical proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the membrane electrode (MEA) is generally placed between two conductive plates, and the surface of each guide plate in contact with the membrane electrode is formed by die-casting, stamping or mechanical milling to form at least More than one diversion groove. These current guide plates can be made of metal or graphite. The fluid channels and flow guide grooves on these guide plates guide the fuel and oxidant into the anode area and the cathode area on both sides of the membrane electrode respectively. In the structure of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell, there is only one membrane electrode, and the two sides of the membrane electrode are the deflectors of the anode fuel and the cathode oxidant respectively. These deflectors are not only used as current collectors, but also as mechanical supports on both sides of the membrane electrodes. The guide grooves on the deflectors are also used as passages for fuel and oxidant to enter the anode and cathode surfaces, and as a way to take away fuel cells during the operation of the fuel cell. Channels for the resulting water.
为了增大整个质子交换膜燃料电池的总功率,两个或两个以上的单电池通常可通过直叠的方式串联成电池组或通过平铺的方式联成电池组。在直叠、串联式的电池组中,一块极板的两面都可以有导流槽,其中一面可以作为一个膜电极的阳极导流面,而另一面又可作为另一个相邻膜电极的阴极导流面,这种极板叫做双极板。一连串的单电池通过一定方式连在一起而组成一个电池组。电池组通常通过前端板、后端板及拉杆紧固在一起成为一体。In order to increase the total power of the entire proton exchange membrane fuel cell, two or more single cells can usually be stacked in series to form a battery pack or connected in a tiled manner to form a battery pack. In direct-stacked and series-connected battery packs, there can be diversion grooves on both sides of a pole plate, one of which can be used as the anode diversion surface of one membrane electrode, and the other side can be used as the cathode of another adjacent membrane electrode. The diversion surface, this kind of plate is called a bipolar plate. A series of cells are connected together in a certain way to form a battery pack. The battery pack is usually fastened together by the front end plate, the rear end plate and the tie rods to form a whole.
一个典型电池组通常包括:(1)燃料及氧化剂气体的导流进口和导流通道,将燃料(如氢气、甲醇或甲醇、天然气、汽油经重整后得到的富氢气体)和氧化剂(主要是氧气或空气)均匀地分布到各个阳极、阴极面的导流槽中;(2)冷却流体(如水)的进出口与导流通道,将冷却流体均匀分布到各个电池组内冷却通道中,将燃料电池内氢、氧电化学放热反应生成的热吸收并带出电池组进行散热;(3)燃料与氧化剂气体的出口与相应的导流通道,燃料气体与氧化剂气体在排出时,可携带出燃料电池中生成的液、汽态的水。通常,将所有燃料、氧化剂、冷却流体的进出口都开在燃料电池组的一个端板上或两个端板上。A typical battery pack usually includes: (1) diversion inlet and diversion channel of fuel and oxidant gas, fuel (such as hydrogen, methanol or methanol, natural gas, hydrogen-rich gas obtained by reforming gasoline) and oxidant (mainly Oxygen or air) is evenly distributed into the diversion grooves of each anode and cathode surface; (2) the inlet and outlet of the cooling fluid (such as water) and the diversion channel, the cooling fluid is evenly distributed into the cooling channels in each battery pack, Absorb the heat generated by the electrochemical exothermic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the fuel cell and take it out of the battery pack for heat dissipation; (3) the outlet of the fuel and oxidant gas and the corresponding guide channel, when the fuel gas and oxidant gas are discharged, can Carry out the liquid and vapor state water generated in the fuel cell. Usually, the inlets and outlets of all fuels, oxidants, and cooling fluids are opened on one or both end plates of the fuel cell stack.
质子交换膜燃料电池既可以用作车、船等运载工具的动力系统,又可以用作移动式或固定式发电站。Proton exchange membrane fuel cells can be used not only as power systems for vehicles, ships, etc., but also as mobile or stationary power stations.
燃料电池发电系统一般由以下几个部分组成:1.燃料电池堆;2.燃料氢气供应子系统;3.空气供应子系统;4.冷却散热子系统5.自动控制及电能输出子系统。A fuel cell power generation system generally consists of the following parts: 1. Fuel cell stack; 2. Fuel hydrogen supply subsystem; 3. Air supply subsystem; 4. Cooling and heat dissipation subsystem; 5. Automatic control and power output subsystem.
图1是上海神力科技有限公司“一种带有动态控制装置的燃料电池”(发明专利申请号:200410016609.4,实用新型专利申请号:200420020471.0)中的一种由燃料电池发动机控制器来实现动态控制运行的燃料电池发电系统。图中包括燃料电池堆1,氢气瓶2,减压阀3,空气过滤器4,空气压缩供应装置5,水—汽分离器6,水箱7,水泵8,散热器9,氢气循环泵10,氢气路旋转式可以动态控制增湿度的增湿器11,空气路旋转式可以动态控制增湿度的增湿器12,旋转式增湿器可调速马达13,13’,氢气路进燃料电池堆氢气相对湿度传感器14,氢气路进燃料电池堆氢气温度传感器15,空气路进燃料电池堆空气相对湿度传感器16,空气路进燃料电池堆空气温度传感器17,冷却流体路进燃料电池堆冷却流体温度传感器18,氢气路进燃料电池堆压力传感器19,空气路进燃料电池堆压力20传感器,冷却流体路进燃料电池堆压力传感器21,空气路出燃料电池堆空气温度传感器22,氢气路出燃料电池堆氢气压力传感器23,冷却流体路出燃料电池堆冷却流体温度传感器24,冷却流体路出燃料电池堆冷却流体压力传感器25,空气路出燃料电池堆空气温度传感器26,空气路出燃料电池堆空气压力传感器27,SVM燃料电池堆工作电压及各个单电池的工作电压监控28,燃料电池堆工作电流监控29,负载自动切断开关30,氢气自动切断电磁阀31。Figure 1 is one of Shanghai Shenli Technology Co., Ltd.'s "A fuel cell with a dynamic control device" (invention patent application number: 200410016609.4, utility model patent application number: 200420020471.0), which is dynamically controlled by a fuel cell engine controller Operating fuel cell power generation system. The figure includes a
上述燃料电池发电系统遵循以下原理与原则:The above-mentioned fuel cell power generation system follows the following principles and principles:
a.燃料电池堆1输出的功率允许大小值与该燃料电池工作温度传感器18的大小有关,一般可以找到一种功率允许输出大小与传感器18值的关系,传感器18值越接近额定工作温度,允许输出功率越大或越接近额定输出功率(见图2);a. The allowable value of the output power of the
b.燃料电池堆1输出的功率与向燃料电池供应的燃料氢气流量以及空气流量的匹配关系,按氢气计量比1.2计算,空气计量比2.0计算;b. The matching relationship between the output power of the
c.氢气相对湿度传感器14与空气相对湿度传感器16分别与氢气、空气流量,温度传感器15,17及氢气、空气压力有关(图3),一般可以找到该种气体流量,在某种压力、温度条件下达到某种相对湿度的关系曲线,一般来说,该气体流量越大,温度越高,压力越低,越难达到该气体高相对湿度值;相反,该气体流量越小,温度越低,压力越高,该气体较易达到该气体高相对湿度值(见图3)。c. hydrogen
d.旋转式增湿器旋转速度越快,进燃料电池的氢气或空气的温度与相对湿度都越高。d. The faster the rotation speed of the rotary humidifier, the higher the temperature and relative humidity of the hydrogen or air entering the fuel cell.
按照上述燃料电池发电系统运行的原理或原则,采用燃料电池发电系统控制器,通过对燃料电池工作温度、输出功率需求及对传感器14、传感器16、传感器15、传感器17、传感器18值进行监控并计算,确定对旋转式增湿器的旋转电机的转速设定控制,并同时确定对氢气流量、空气流量的控制,使燃料电池堆在任何功率输出要求的功况下实现:1.输出功率与工作温度的关联控制;2.输出功率与氢气流量、空气流量的关联控制,其中氢气流量与空气流量按输出功率要求计量比分别是1.2、2.0控制氢气循环泵电机转速及空气泵电机转速来实现;3.氢气流量与空气流量分别与相应的可以实现动态增湿调解控制的增湿装置中的电机转速进行并联动态控制,使进入燃料电池堆中的任何流量下的氢气、空气都保持最佳相对湿度(70%~95%中间的某一数值);4.根据外界天气温度与湿度的情况,调解与控制方法同第3点,并达到与第3点相同的目的。最终目的是使燃料电池堆在任何功率输出要求的功况下实现高效能运行与在最佳工作条件下运行,燃料电池堆不但可以有最佳的燃料效率,而且可以大大延长工作寿命。According to the operating principles or principles of the above-mentioned fuel cell power generation system, the controller of the fuel cell power generation system is used to monitor and control the fuel cell operating temperature, output power requirements and the values of
所以整个燃料电池发动机或整个发电系统中的控制子系统对实现燃料电池发动机或发电系统的安全、高效能以及长寿命运行是至关重要的。Therefore, the control subsystem in the entire fuel cell engine or the entire power generation system is very important to realize the safe, high-efficiency and long-life operation of the fuel cell engine or power generation system.
在安全保障方面,主要是当燃料电池发动机或发电系统中的控制子系统探测到某个工作参数,如温度、压力、湿度、电流、电压异常时可及时报警,并同时执行燃料电池发动机的自我保护,如切断负载,切断燃料氢气供应。In terms of safety assurance, it is mainly that when the control subsystem in the fuel cell engine or power generation system detects a certain working parameter, such as abnormal temperature, pressure, humidity, current, and voltage, it can alarm in time, and at the same time execute the self-control of the fuel cell engine. Protection, such as cut off load, cut off fuel hydrogen supply.
另一方面当燃料电池发电系统作为测试燃料电池堆性能的功能使或对燃料电池整个发电系统的运行条件进行诊断时,燃料电池发电系统中的控制子系统必须同时监测并显示所有工作参数如温度、压力、湿度、电压、单电池电压等。为了优化燃料电池堆或整个燃料电池发电系统的运行条件时,整个发电系统的子系统必须随时可以对运行工作中的任何一个如温度、压力、湿度、电流、电压进行修正。传统的燃料电池发动系统控制子系统往往采用集中控制器对整个燃料电池发电系统中的许多个监测点与控制点分别连接,实现监测与控制,如图4。On the other hand, when the fuel cell power generation system is used as a function of testing the performance of the fuel cell stack or diagnosing the operating conditions of the entire fuel cell power generation system, the control subsystem in the fuel cell power generation system must simultaneously monitor and display all operating parameters such as temperature , pressure, humidity, voltage, single cell voltage, etc. In order to optimize the operating conditions of the fuel cell stack or the entire fuel cell power generation system, the subsystems of the entire power generation system must be able to correct any of the operating tasks such as temperature, pressure, humidity, current, and voltage at any time. The traditional fuel cell engine system control subsystem often uses a centralized controller to connect many monitoring points and control points in the entire fuel cell power generation system to realize monitoring and control, as shown in Figure 4.
传统的集中式控制器对整个燃料电池发电系统中的许多个监测点与控制点分别连接,实现监测与控制。传统的集中式控制器对整个燃料电池发电系统的许多个监测点与控制点分别连接实现监测与控制有以下缺陷:The traditional centralized controller is connected to many monitoring points and control points in the whole fuel cell power generation system respectively to realize monitoring and control. The traditional centralized controller connects many monitoring points and control points of the entire fuel cell power generation system separately to realize monitoring and control, which has the following defects:
1、由于燃料电池发电系统中需要监测与控制的物理量太多(如图1),集中控制器单片机与传感器点对点单独连接,所以,连接线太多、布线太复杂;1. Since there are too many physical quantities that need to be monitored and controlled in the fuel cell power generation system (as shown in Figure 1), the single-chip microcomputer of the centralized controller and the sensor are connected point-to-point separately, so there are too many connecting lines and the wiring is too complicated;
2、燃料电池发电系统中集中控制器与传感器之间一般通过弱电流或弱电压信号与集中控制器单片机进行数字模拟信号方式通讯,由于通讯线太多、太杂,很难做到抗干扰,容易发生通讯与控制出错。2. In the fuel cell power generation system, the centralized controller and the sensor generally communicate with the single-chip microcomputer of the centralized controller in the form of digital and analog signals through weak current or weak voltage signals. Due to too many and complicated communication lines, it is difficult to achieve anti-interference. Prone to communication and control errors.
3、由于燃料电池发电系统中各个需监测与控制的节点太多,要求中央集中控制器单片机的通讯接口太多,而且其它数据运算、存储、处理功能太强,导致控制器制造困难或价格太昂贵。3. Since there are too many nodes to be monitored and controlled in the fuel cell power generation system, too many communication interfaces of the single-chip microcomputer of the central centralized controller are required, and other data calculation, storage, and processing functions are too strong, resulting in difficulty in manufacturing the controller or the price is too high expensive.
4、与控制器单片机联接的显示板屏幕小,往往无法同时显示多个监控参数,也无法记录上述大量的数据。4. The screen of the display board connected with the controller microcontroller is small, and often cannot display multiple monitoring parameters at the same time, and cannot record the above-mentioned large amount of data.
5、特别地,当燃料电池发电系统作测试燃料电池堆性能的功能使用时,或对燃料电池发电系统的运行条件进行诊断时,燃料电池发电系统中的控制子系统必须同时监测所有工作参数,如温度、压力、湿度、电流、电压、单电池电压等,为了优化整个燃料电池发电系统的运行条件时,整个发电系统的控制子系统必须可以随时对运行工作参数中的任何一个如温度、压力、湿度、电流、电压进行修正,上述集中式控制器单片机技术必须先中止整个燃料电池发电系统运行,来修改单片机程序,然后重新启动运行。5. In particular, when the fuel cell power generation system is used to test the performance of the fuel cell stack, or to diagnose the operating conditions of the fuel cell power generation system, the control subsystem in the fuel cell power generation system must simultaneously monitor all operating parameters, Such as temperature, pressure, humidity, current, voltage, single cell voltage, etc., in order to optimize the operating conditions of the entire fuel cell power generation system, the control subsystem of the entire power generation system must be able to control any of the operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, etc. , humidity, current, and voltage are corrected, the above-mentioned centralized controller single-chip microcomputer technology must first suspend the operation of the entire fuel cell power generation system to modify the single-chip microcomputer program, and then restart the operation.
6、控制器单片机编程比较复杂,必须由专业人员完成。6. The programming of the controller's single-chip microcomputer is relatively complicated and must be completed by professionals.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种线路简单、性能可靠的可对燃料电池发电系统运行进行监测与控制的计算机系统。The object of the present invention is to provide a simple circuit and reliable computer system capable of monitoring and controlling the operation of the fuel cell power generation system in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:一种可对燃料电池发电系统运行进行监测与控制的计算机系统,其特征在于,包括计算机、控制器区域总线(CAN总线)转换器、燃料电池监控装置,所述的计算机通过CAN总线转换器监视、分析、记录燃料电池监控装置的数据信息,并且读取控制运行参数、运算控制指令,向发动机发送控制指令、控制状态显示、控制状态记录以及修改控制运行参数。The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a computer system capable of monitoring and controlling the operation of a fuel cell power generation system, characterized in that it includes a computer, a controller area bus (CAN bus) converter, a fuel cell monitoring device, the computer monitors, analyzes and records the data information of the fuel cell monitoring device through the CAN bus converter, and reads the control operation parameters and operation control instructions, sends control instructions to the engine, displays the control status, records the control status and modifies the Control operating parameters.
所述的燃料电池监控装置包括若干单电池电压监视器、若干压力、湿度、流量、温度监视器、若干总电压总电流监视器以及控制器。The fuel cell monitoring device includes several single cell voltage monitors, several pressure, humidity, flow, temperature monitors, several total voltage and current monitors and a controller.
所述的计算机显示了燃料电池发电系统CAN总线网络上的各个监控部件的状态;在计算机屏幕上不同的指示点显示红色表示相应的监控部件工作不正常,显示蓝色表示相应的监控部件工作正常。The computer shows the status of each monitoring component on the CAN bus network of the fuel cell power generation system; different indicator points on the computer screen display red to indicate that the corresponding monitoring component is not working properly, and display blue to indicate that the corresponding monitoring component is working normally .
所述的计算机采用了电压显示模块显示单电池电压监视器的发送的电压数据;显示了各个温度、压力、流量、湿度、电流的数值,并与设定报警值比较用红色表示该数值不正常,黑色表示该数值正常;采用了曲线显示模块显示电压显示模块模块电压的变化趋势、显示了各个温度变化趋势、显示了各个压力变化趋势、显示了各个电流变化等运行参数变化趋势。The computer uses a voltage display module to display the voltage data sent by the cell voltage monitor; it displays the values of temperature, pressure, flow, humidity, and current, and compares them with the set alarm value to indicate that the value is abnormal in red , black indicates that the value is normal; the curve display module is used to display the voltage change trend of the display module, the temperature change trend, the pressure change trend, the current change and other operating parameter change trends.
该系统的计算机记录了所有的监视数据,集成在不停止监视数据记录的情况下,可以查阅记录的监测各个运行参数历史数据。The computer of the system records all the monitoring data, and the integration can consult the recorded historical data of each operating parameter without stopping the monitoring data recording.
该系统的计算机提供的数据处理方法操作简单,对各运行参数数据进行分组显示,通过简单的配置可以自动绘制曲线。The data processing method provided by the computer of the system is easy to operate, and the data of each operating parameter is grouped and displayed, and the curve can be automatically drawn through simple configuration.
通过简单的界面配置计算机的参数,可以改变单电池电压显示模块每个监测点电极的个数、可以改变电压显示模块监测点的个数、可以改变单电池电压报警值、可以改变温度、压力、流量、湿度的报警值,从而使该系统可以适应燃料电池发电系统的变化。The parameters of the computer can be configured through a simple interface, the number of electrodes of each monitoring point of the single-cell voltage display module can be changed, the number of monitoring points of the voltage display module can be changed, the alarm value of the single-cell voltage can be changed, the temperature, pressure, Flow and humidity alarm values, so that the system can adapt to changes in the fuel cell power generation system.
该系统的计算机根据接受到的燃料电池发电系统的状态数据、按控制运行参数自动运算出控制指令,并发送给燃料电池发电系统。The computer of the system automatically calculates the control command according to the received state data of the fuel cell power generation system and the control operation parameters, and sends it to the fuel cell power generation system.
该系统的计算机按运行过程显示并记录了执行的控制指令、控制运行参数。The computer of the system displays and records the executed control instructions and control operation parameters according to the operation process.
该系统的计算机对燃料电池发电系统进行控制的情况下可以修正控制运行参数。When the computer of the system controls the fuel cell power generation system, the control operation parameters can be corrected.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有线路简单、性能可靠等特点。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the characteristics of simple circuit, reliable performance and the like.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为现有的可实现动态控制运行的燃料电池发电系统的示意图;FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an existing fuel cell power generation system that can realize dynamic control operation;
图2为图1所示燃料电池堆输出功率与燃料电池工作温度的关系,其中PN是额定输出功率,T是工作温度(传感器18);Fig. 2 is the relationship between the output power of the fuel cell stack shown in Fig. 1 and the operating temperature of the fuel cell, wherein P N is the rated output power, and T is the operating temperature (sensor 18);
图3为图1所示燃料电池堆100%相对湿度空气含水量与温度、压力关系图;Fig. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the water content of the fuel cell stack shown in Fig. 1 at 100% relative humidity and the temperature and pressure;
图4为图1所示燃料电池堆集中控制器与燃料电池发动机许多个监测点与控制点分别连接实现监测与控制图;Fig. 4 is a graph showing that the central controller of the fuel cell stack shown in Fig. 1 is connected with many monitoring points and control points of the fuel cell engine respectively to realize monitoring and control;
图5为本发明计算机系统采用CAN总线方式对燃料电池发电系统实现监测与控制图;Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the monitoring and control of the fuel cell power generation system by the computer system of the present invention using the CAN bus;
图6为本发明计算机监测系统图;Fig. 6 is a computer monitoring system diagram of the present invention;
图7为本发明计算机系统显示燃料电池发电系统运行状态参数图;Fig. 7 is a graph showing the operating state parameters of the fuel cell power generation system by the computer system of the present invention;
图8为本发明计算机系统对燃料电池控制运行参数数据进行分组显示图;Fig. 8 is a grouped display diagram of the fuel cell control operation parameter data by the computer system of the present invention;
图9为本发明计算机系统的曲线配制图;Fig. 9 is the curve preparation figure of computer system of the present invention;
图10为本发明计算机系统对燃料电池温度变化趋势曲线图;Fig. 10 is a graph showing the temperature variation trend of the fuel cell by the computer system of the present invention;
图11为本发明计算机系统显示了改变每个监测点电极个数的实例图;Fig. 11 shows the example diagram of changing the number of electrodes at each monitoring point for the computer system of the present invention;
图12为本发明计算机系统软件组成图;Fig. 12 is a composition diagram of computer system software of the present invention;
图13为本发明计算机系统目标温度数据图。Fig. 13 is a graph of the target temperature data of the computer system of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
本发明提供了一种用于燃料电池发电系统监视的计算机系统,包含计算机、CAN通讯转换器,所述的计算机接收监视、分析、记录了若干具有CAN总线通讯功能的单电池电压监测器、若干温度监测器、若干总电压总电流等运行参数监测器、上层控制器等发送到燃料电池发电系统的数据信息。The invention provides a computer system for monitoring a fuel cell power generation system, which includes a computer and a CAN communication converter. The computer receives, monitors, analyzes and records a number of single cell voltage monitors with CAN bus The data information sent to the fuel cell power generation system by the temperature monitor, several monitors of operating parameters such as total voltage and total current, and the upper controller.
本发明的计算机系统在不同的指示点显示红色表示相应的监控部件工作不正常,显示蓝色表示相应的监控部件工作正常。本发明系统采用了电压显示模块显示单电池电压监视器的发送的电压数据;显示了各个温度、流量、湿度、压力、电流等数值,并与设定报警值比较用红色表示该数值不正常,黑色表示该数值正常。本发明系统采用了曲线显示模块显示电压显示模块模块电压的变化趋势、显示了各个温度变化趋势、显示了各个压力变化趋势、显示了各个电流等运行参数变化趋势等。本发明系统监测、记录燃料电池发电系统调试或性能诊断时的运行状态参数,集成在不停止监测数据记录的情况下,可以查阅记录的监测数据的功能。本发明系统提供的数据处理方法操作简单,对数据进行分组显示,通过简单的配置可以自动绘制曲线。本发明系统通过简单的界面配置计算机的参数,可以改变单电池电压显示模块每个监测点电极的个数、可以改变电压显示模块监测点的个数、可以改变单电池电压报警值、可以改变温度等运行参数报警值,从而使该系统可以适应燃料电池发电系统的改变。The computer system of the present invention displays red at different indication points to indicate that the corresponding monitoring component is not working normally, and displays blue to indicate that the corresponding monitoring component is working normally. The system of the present invention adopts the voltage display module to display the voltage data sent by the single-cell voltage monitor; displays various values such as temperature, flow rate, humidity, pressure, current, etc., and compares it with the set alarm value and uses red to indicate that the value is abnormal. Black means the value is normal. The system of the present invention adopts a curve display module to display the variation trend of the voltage of the voltage display module, to display the variation trend of each temperature, to display the variation trend of each pressure, to display the variation trend of operating parameters such as each current, etc. The system of the present invention monitors and records the operating state parameters during debugging or performance diagnosis of the fuel cell power generation system, and integrates the function of consulting the recorded monitoring data without stopping the monitoring data recording. The data processing method provided by the system of the present invention is simple to operate, and the data are grouped and displayed, and curves can be drawn automatically through simple configuration. The system of the present invention configures the parameters of the computer through a simple interface, can change the number of electrodes of each monitoring point of the single-cell voltage display module, can change the number of monitoring points of the voltage display module, can change the alarm value of the single-cell voltage, and can change the temperature and other operating parameters and alarm values, so that the system can adapt to changes in the fuel cell power generation system.
如图5,本发明系统包括使计算机系统与燃料电池发电系统连接的CAN转换器、计算机及计算机上的软件组成,通过CAN总线转换器与燃料电池发电系统联接,采用CAN总线通讯方式实现与燃料电池发电系统的通讯。计算机接收监视、分析、记录了若干单电池电压监视器、若干温度监视器、若干总电池电压电流监视器、控制器等发送到燃料电池发电系统的数据信息。As shown in Figure 5, the system of the present invention includes a CAN converter, a computer, and software on the computer that connect the computer system to the fuel cell power generation system. Communications for battery power systems. The computer receives, monitors, analyzes and records the data information sent to the fuel cell power generation system by several single cell voltage monitors, several temperature monitors, several total battery voltage and current monitors, and controllers.
如图6分析显示若干单电池电压监视器、若干温度监视器、若干总电压电流监视器、控制器等运行参数的数据信息。As shown in Figure 6, the analysis shows the data information of operating parameters such as several cell voltage monitors, several temperature monitors, several total voltage and current monitors, and controllers.
如图6,在不同的指示点显示红色表示相应的监控部件工作不正常,显示蓝色表示相应的监控部件工作不正常。采用这样的方法可以对发电系统的监视器、控制器是否工作进行监视,方便及时发现监控系统的问题。As shown in Figure 6, the red display at different indication points indicates that the corresponding monitoring component is not working properly, and the blue display indicates that the corresponding monitoring component is not working normally. By adopting such a method, it is possible to monitor whether the monitor and controller of the power generation system are working, so as to facilitate timely discovery of problems in the monitoring system.
如图6,本发明的计算机监测系统显示单电池电压监测器发送的电压数据;显示了各个温度、压力、电流等运行参数数值,并与设定报警值比较用红色表示该数值不正常,黑色表示该数值正常。测试者可以迅速看到燃料电池出现的问题,以便采取措施。As shown in Figure 6, the computer monitoring system of the present invention displays the voltage data sent by the single cell voltage monitor; it shows the values of operating parameters such as temperature, pressure, and current, and compares them with the set alarm value to indicate that the value is abnormal in red, and in black Indicates that the value is normal. Testers can quickly see problems with the fuel cell so they can take action.
如图6,本发明的计算机监测系统还具备各种重要物理量动态变化曲线显示各个模块电压的变化趋势、显示了各个温度变化趋势、显示了各个压力变化趋势、显示了各个电流变化趋势等运行参数变化趋势。As shown in Figure 6, the computer monitoring system of the present invention also has various important physical quantity dynamic change curves to display the change trend of the voltage of each module, the change trend of each temperature, the change trend of each pressure, and the operating parameters such as the change trend of each current Trend.
如图7系统记录了燃料电池发电系统调试时运行状态参数,在不停止监视数据记录的情况下,可以查阅记录的监测数据的功能。As shown in Figure 7, the system records the operating state parameters of the fuel cell power generation system during debugging, and the recorded monitoring data can be consulted without stopping the monitoring data recording.
系统提供的数据处理方法操作简单,如图8对数据进行分组显示,如图9通过简单的配置可以自动绘制曲线,如图10显示了温度变化趋势的曲线。The data processing method provided by the system is easy to operate. As shown in Figure 8, the data is grouped and displayed, as shown in Figure 9, the curve can be automatically drawn through simple configuration, and Figure 10 shows the curve of the temperature change trend.
通过简单的界面配置计算机的参数,可以改变单电池电压显示模块每个监测点电极的个数、如图7可以改变电压显示模块监测点的个数、可以改变单电池电压报警值、可以改变温度等运行参数报警值,从而使该系统可以适应燃料电池发电系统的改变。如图11显示了改变每个监测点电极的个数的实例图。By configuring the parameters of the computer through a simple interface, the number of electrodes of each monitoring point of the single-cell voltage display module can be changed. As shown in Figure 7, the number of monitoring points of the voltage display module can be changed, the alarm value of the single-cell voltage can be changed, and the temperature can be changed. and other operating parameters and alarm values, so that the system can adapt to changes in the fuel cell power generation system. Figure 11 shows an example of changing the number of electrodes at each monitoring point.
此外,以上实施方式仅是示例性的。In addition, the above embodiments are only exemplary.
本发明用作对燃料电池发电系统进行控制时的具体实施方法:When the present invention is used as a specific implementation method for controlling a fuel cell power generation system:
本发明提供一种可以允许测试者不停止燃料电池发电系统的情况下修改所有控制参数的计算机系统。The present invention provides a computer system that allows a tester to modify all control parameters without stopping the fuel cell power generation system.
本发明提供所采用的技术方案是:包括使计算机系统与燃料电池发电系统连接的CAN转换器、计算机及计算机上的软件组成,该系统的软件包括用来接收燃料电池发电系统发出的状态数据、读取控制参数、运算控制指令、向发电系统发送控制指令、控制状态显示、控制状态记录、修改控制参数的软件。The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: comprising the CAN converter that connects the computer system with the fuel cell power generation system, the computer and the software on the computer, the software of the system includes the state data used to receive the fuel cell power generation system, Software for reading control parameters, calculating control commands, sending control commands to the power generation system, displaying control status, recording control status, and modifying control parameters.
本发明系统为燃料电池发电系统测试提供以下功能:The system of the present invention provides the following functions for the fuel cell power generation system test:
1、本发明系统根据控制参数表自动控制燃料电池发电系统的运行。1. The system of the present invention automatically controls the operation of the fuel cell power generation system according to the control parameter table.
2、本发明系统显示并记录了使用的控制状态、控制指令。2. The system of the present invention displays and records the used control status and control instructions.
3、本发明系统可以在不停止燃料电池发电系统测试的情况下,修改控制参数表。3. The system of the present invention can modify the control parameter table without stopping the test of the fuel cell power generation system.
4、本发明系统作相应的改变,可以允许在不停止燃料电池发电系统测试的情况下,选择不同的控制模式。4. Corresponding changes can be made to the system of the present invention to allow different control modes to be selected without stopping the test of the fuel cell power generation system.
本发明系统可以模拟燃料电池发电系统控制器对燃料电池发电系统的控制来进行调试,同时可以在调试过程中进一步的优化控制参数。The system of the invention can simulate the control of the fuel cell power generation system by the controller of the fuel cell power generation system for debugging, and can further optimize the control parameters during the debugging process.
如图5本发明系统括使计算机系统与燃料电池发电系统连接的CAN转换器、计算机及计算机上的软件组成,通过CAN总线转换器与燃料电池发电系统联接,采用CAN总线通讯方式实现与燃料电池发电系统的通讯。通过CAN总线转换器与燃料电池发电系统联接,采用CAN总线通讯方式实现与燃料电池发电系统的通讯。As shown in Figure 5, the system of the present invention includes a CAN converter, a computer and software on the computer that connect the computer system to the fuel cell power generation system. Communications for power generation systems. The CAN bus converter is connected with the fuel cell power generation system, and the communication with the fuel cell power generation system is realized by means of CAN bus communication.
如图12,本发明系统软件包括接收数据、读取控制参数、运算控制指令、向发电系统发送控制指令、控制状态显示、控制状态记录、修改控制参数等软件组成。As shown in Figure 12, the system software of the present invention includes software components such as receiving data, reading control parameters, calculating control instructions, sending control instructions to the power generation system, displaying control status, recording control status, and modifying control parameters.
接收数据:分析来自燃料电池发电系统的数据,得到全自动控制需要的数据。Receive data: analyze the data from the fuel cell power generation system to obtain the data needed for fully automatic control.
读取控制参数:读取根据燃料电池发电系统状态参数,按格式存储的控制参数。Read control parameters: read the control parameters stored according to the format according to the state parameters of the fuel cell power generation system.
运算控制指令:根据燃料电池发电系统状态参数、控制参数表、运算出燃料电池发电系统可以识别的控制指令。Calculation control command: According to the state parameters of the fuel cell power generation system and the control parameter table, calculate the control command that the fuel cell power generation system can recognize.
发送控制指令:根据不同的控制部件把控制指令以不同的方式发送给燃料电池发电系统。Sending control instructions: Send the control instructions to the fuel cell power generation system in different ways according to different control components.
控制状态显示:显示了在执行的控制参数、发给燃料电池发电系统的控制指令,方便测试者知道当前的控制状态。Control state display: It shows the control parameters being executed and the control commands sent to the fuel cell power generation system, so that the tester can know the current control state conveniently.
控制状态记录:记录了在执行的控制参数、发给燃料电池发电系统的控制指令,便于在测试后对控制模型、控制参数进行评价。Control state record: It records the control parameters being executed and the control commands sent to the fuel cell power generation system, which is convenient for evaluating the control model and control parameters after the test.
修改控制参数:在不停止燃料电池发电系统运行的情况下,可以修改控制参数。Modification of control parameters: without stopping the operation of the fuel cell power generation system, the control parameters can be modified.
下面以根据燃料电池发电系统输出功率控制发电系统温度为例,进一步说明本发明系统的实施过程。Taking the temperature control of the power generation system according to the output power of the fuel cell power generation system as an example, the implementation process of the system of the present invention will be further described below.
本发明系统接收到燃料电池发电系统的当前输出功率和当前温度后,根据输出功率读取当前需要控制的目标温度数据,根据发电系统当前温度和控制目标温度运算出需要开启几个散热风扇,并计算转换为控制指令发送给发电系统。在屏幕显示当前发电系统的温度、控制目标温度、散热风扇开启个数。存储当前发电系统的温度、控制目标温度、散热风扇开启个数数据。After receiving the current output power and current temperature of the fuel cell power generation system, the system of the present invention reads the current target temperature data that needs to be controlled according to the output power, calculates how many cooling fans need to be turned on according to the current temperature of the power generation system and the control target temperature, and The calculation is converted into control instructions and sent to the power generation system. The current temperature of the power generation system, the control target temperature, and the number of cooling fans turned on are displayed on the screen. Store the temperature of the current power generation system, the control target temperature, and the number of cooling fans turned on.
如图13,测试者通过更改控制参数表中的目标温度数据,例如把36KW对应的控制温度改为75℃并存盘。当燃料电池发电系统的输出功率为36KW时,系统会读取控制目标温度为75℃并按该控制目标进行控制。As shown in Figure 13, the tester changes the target temperature data in the control parameter table, for example, changes the control temperature corresponding to 36KW to 75°C and saves it. When the output power of the fuel cell power generation system is 36KW, the system will read the control target temperature as 75°C and control according to the control target.
如图6,当选择手动控制模式时,可以人工对风机频率、各类电磁阀开启频率、控制温度等运行参数进行人工控制。当选择全自动整车控制时,计算机将把控制权转移给如图5的运行指令控制节点。As shown in Figure 6, when the manual control mode is selected, operating parameters such as the frequency of the fan, the opening frequency of various solenoid valves, and the control temperature can be manually controlled. When full-automatic vehicle control is selected, the computer will transfer the control right to the operation command control node as shown in Figure 5.
以上实施方式仅是示例性的。The above embodiments are merely exemplary.
Claims (10)
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| CN103715439A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-09 | 南京慧宇能源科技有限公司 | Control system used for hydrogen energy fuel cell below 10kW |
| KR102042077B1 (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2019-11-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Intelligent fuel cell system |
| JP2022095272A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Power supply system |
| CN113782781A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-10 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | A fuel cell engine monitoring system integrating auxiliary parameter input module |
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| 燃料电池汽车的电池管理系统设计. 曾洁,郭永伟.电子设计应用,第12期. 2003 * |
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