CN100453683C - A kind of low-temperature high-strength, high-toughness steel and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
A kind of low-temperature high-strength, high-toughness steel and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100453683C CN100453683C CNB2006100079606A CN200610007960A CN100453683C CN 100453683 C CN100453683 C CN 100453683C CN B2006100079606 A CNB2006100079606 A CN B2006100079606A CN 200610007960 A CN200610007960 A CN 200610007960A CN 100453683 C CN100453683 C CN 100453683C
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000756 V alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005262 decarbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种低温高强度、高韧性钢及其制造方法，可用于低至-60℃的环境。采用低碳Cr-Ni-Si-Mn-Mo-V合金，其化学成份(质量分数%)为C：0.16～0.24，Si：1.0～1.4，Mn：1.10～1.50，Cr：0.80～1.20，Ni：1.00～1.40，Mo：0.20～0.40，V：0.05～0.20，S≤0.035，P≤0.035，Cu≤0.050及余量Fe。制造方法：(1)冶炼；(2)锻造：加热1280-1320℃，始锻温度：1100-1250℃，终锻温度≥850℃，锻后退火，加热温度700±30℃，出炉温度≤300℃；(3)热处理：正火：930～950℃空冷；回火：790～720℃空冷；淬火：900～930℃油冷；回火：200～260℃空冷。(4)超声波探伤和磁粉探伤。特别适用于机械设备提升系统中的吊环、吊钩、销轴等用材料。The invention relates to a low-temperature high-strength, high-toughness steel and a manufacturing method thereof, which can be used in an environment as low as -60°C. Low-carbon Cr-Ni-Si-Mn-Mo-V alloy is used, and its chemical composition (mass fraction%) is C: 0.16-0.24, Si: 1.0-1.4, Mn: 1.10-1.50, Cr: 0.80-1.20, Ni : 1.00～1.40, Mo: 0.20～0.40, V: 0.05～0.20, S≤0.035, P≤0.035, Cu≤0.050 and the balance Fe. Manufacturing method: (1) smelting; (2) forging: heating at 1280-1320°C, initial forging temperature: 1100-1250°C, final forging temperature ≥ 850°C, annealing after forging, heating temperature 700±30°C, furnace temperature ≤300 ℃; (3) heat treatment: normalizing: 930-950 ℃ air cooling; tempering: 790-720 ℃ air cooling; quenching: 900-930 ℃ oil cooling; tempering: 200-260 ℃ air cooling. (4) Ultrasonic flaw detection and magnetic particle flaw detection. Especially suitable for lifting rings, hooks, pin shafts and other materials in the lifting system of mechanical equipment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high strength, high-ductility steel and manufacture method thereof that is used under low temperature (being low to moderate-60 ℃) environment, be specially adapted to suspension ring, drop handle, suspension hook, bearing pin material in petroleum machinery, mining machinery, the engineering machinery lifting system.
Background technology
Present main stressed members such as suspension ring, drop handle, suspension hook, bearing pin in petroleum machinery, mining machinery, the engineering machinery require in light weightly, and the safety coefficient height between 2.0～3.0, and can be on active service at low temperatures.The API Specification 8C of American Petroleum Institute (API) standard version in 2003 of tool authority requires its v-notch ballistic work of lifting system material therefor Akv (20 ℃) 〉=42J in the world, when design service temperature T is lower than-20 ℃, additional requirement Akv (T) 〉=27J.The thermal treatment handbook (typical part thermal treatment) of thermal treatment association of Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society establishment in May calendar year 2001 shows that the material that is used for this type of part is 20SiMn2MoVA and 40CrNiMoA, its mechanical property is as shown in table 1, simultaneously the mechanical property of national standard (GB/T3077-1999, steel alloy technical qualification) defined is also listed in table 1.
Table 1.40CrNiMoA and 20SiMn2MoVA mechanical property
Listed ballistic work A in the table 1
kBe U type notched impact specimen, there are not v-notch sample ballistic work data, part with this standard manufacture does not meet the version requirement in 2003 of the API Specification 8C of American Petroleum Institute (API) standard, enter the world market, the lifting system material need satisfy the version requirement in 2003 of the APISpecification 8C of American Petroleum Institute (API) standard, select the 40CrNiMoA steel for use, though ballistic work A
KvCan reach requirement, but on the low side because of intensity, under the prerequisite that guarantees safety coefficient, accessory size is laid particular stress on greatly, lacks competitiveness; Select for use alloying element to meet the 20SiMn2MoVA steel of china natural resources advantage, but low-temperature impact work Akv (40 ℃) and Akv (60 ℃) are respectively 25J and 21J, can not reach Akv (the T) 〉=27J requirement of API Specification8C standard version in 2003.U.S. BVM company product is carried out sampling analysis, characteristic index σ in kind
b〉=1382MPa, yield strength σ
0.2〉=1159MPa, unit elongation δ
5〉=12%, relative reduction in area ψ 〉=45%, v-notch ballistic work Akv (20 ℃) 〉=42J, Akv (60 ℃) 〉=27J, but noble metal Cr, Ni content be up to 4-5%, and cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of routine with the basis of steel grade 20SiMn2MoVA on by reducing Mn content and appropriateness is added Ni, Cr content, and Ni, Cr content are prepared in proportion, when not reducing intensity, improve the petroleum machinery that is applicable to low temperature environment, mining machinery, the suspension ring of engineering machinery, drop handle, suspension hook, bearing pin class part low-temperature high-strength, high-ductility steel and the manufacture method thereof of toughness, especially low-temperature flexibility.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Low-temperature high-strength of the present invention, high-ductility steel adopt low-carbon (LC) Cr-Ni-Si-Mn-Mo-V alloy, its Chemical Composition (massfraction) is C:0.16～0.24%, Si:1.0～1.4%, Mn:1.10～1.50%, Cr:0.80～1.20%, Ni:1.00～1.40%, Mo:0.20～0.40%, V:0.05～0.20%, S≤0.035%, P≤0.035%, Cu≤0.050% and surplus Fe.
The manufacture method of low-temperature high-strength of the present invention, high-ductility steel comprises following processing step:
(1) adopt intermediate frequency furnace or electric arc furnace by Chemical Composition and common process requirement steel-making;
(2) forging process: Heating temperature: 1280～1320 ℃, initial forging temperature: 1100～1250 ℃, final forging temperature 〉=850 ℃, forging rear annealing, 700 ± 30 ℃ of its technology Heating temperatures, tapping temperature≤300 ℃.
(3) thermal treatment process:
Normalizing: 930～960 ℃ of air coolings
Tempering: 690～720 ℃ of air coolings
Quench: 880～930 ℃ of oil coolings or dedicated medium cooling
Tempering: 200～260 ℃ of air coolings
(4) after forging and the heat-treatment quenching operation, workpiece is carried out UT (Ultrasonic Testing) and magnetic-particle inspection.
The reason of chemical composition design of the present invention is described below:
Mentality of designing of the present invention is the performance superiority of low carbon martensite on mechanical property and processing performance, utilizes China to be rich in elements Si, Mn carries out alloying, and adds proper C r, noble elements such as Ni, Mo, with further raising intensity and toughness.
C: the intensity of low carbon martensite and toughness all present higher level, and in order to pursue the tissue morphology of low carbon martensite, the carbon content of steel should remain on low carbon range, promptly is no more than 0.25%.Carbon is the principal element of solution strengthening and control martensite intensity, and carbon content increases, and strength level improves, but toughness decline, and the reduction of Mf point, thereby increase the hardening crack tendency.Therefore under the prerequisite that guarantees the sufficient intensity level, carbon content should be hanged down as far as possible.Statistic data shows tempered martensite σ
bWhen 1500Mpa, corresponding carbon content is about 0.2%, according to the investigative test to the carbon content bound of steel, determines that design content is 0.16-0.24%.
The beneficial effect of Si:Si is solution strengthening, increases hardening capacity, increases resistance to tempering and irreversible temper brittleness scope is shifted to comparatively high temps; Deleterious effects is to increase the decarburization susceptibility of steel and can form non-metallic inclusion, it is generally acknowledged that Si content surpasses 1% and shows beneficial effect, surpass 2% and show deleterious effect, in order to bring into play the advantageous effect of Si, reduce disadvantageous effect again as far as possible, determine that its content is 1.0～1.4%.
The beneficial effect of Mn:Mn be solution strengthening, significantly increase hardening capacity, form dislocatrion martensite and promote between martensite lath, to form film.But content surpasses 1.5%, has twin crystal martensite to occur, and can significantly reduce toughness, especially cold impact value, determines that according to test-results its content is 1.1～1.5%.
The beneficial effect of Ni:Ni is solution strengthening, cooperates remarkable increase hardening capacity with Cr, forms dislocatrion martensite and help forming film between martensite lath.Gain in strength as the time spent for preceding two, back two effects are to increase toughness, especially low-temperature flexibility.The present invention utilizes Ni to increase the low-temperature flexibility of steel, simultaneously also in order to control cost, determines that Ni content is 1.10～1.40%.
Cr:Cr is medium carbide forming element, and the solution strengthening effect is arranged, and cooperates the strong hardening capacity that improves with Ni, according to Ni content, determines that Cr content is 0.80-1.20%
Mo:Mo is strong carbide forming element, to suppressing perlitic transformation and crystal grain thinning remarkable effect is arranged, has advantageous effect to eliminating temper brittleness and improving resistance to tempering simultaneously, the general 0.4-0.5% that adopts, but consider that steel grade of the present invention uses under the low-temperaturetempering state, 0.2-0.4% is enough.
V:V mainly is crystal grain thinning in steel and produces the secondary hardening effect.Consider that steel grade of the present invention uses under the low-temperaturetempering state, only need the effect of performance crystal grain thinning, so 0.07-0.11% content gets final product.
Manufacture method provided by the invention wherein in the process for making, is smelted and is adopted lower-cost common equipment basic electric arc furnace or medium-frequency induction furnace, guarantee chemical ingredients (massfraction) C:0.16～0.24%, Si:1.0～1.4%, Mn:1.10～1.50%, Cr:0.80～1.20%, Ni:1.00～1.40%, Mo:0.20～0.40%, V:0.05～0.20%, S≤0.035%, P≤0.035%, Cu≤0.050% and surplus Fe.
Manufacture method provided by the invention, wherein forging process processing parameter:
1280～1320 ℃ of Heating temperatures, 1100～1250 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, final forging temperature 〉=850 ℃, forging rear annealing, 700 ± 30 ℃ of its technology Heating temperatures, tapping temperature≤300 ℃.
Heating temperature guarantees that forging does not produce overheated and burning and oxidation and decarbonization, guarantees the productivity height again, saves the energy, avoids crystal grain excessively thick, selectes to exceed 100-140 ℃ than initial forging temperature.Because of this kind steel poor thermal conductivity, charging temperature is lower than 630 ℃ again.Initial forging temperature is lower than 200-250 ℃ of this steel fusing point, can guarantee again in austenite region, according to iron-carbon state graph, should be 1100～1250 ℃.Final forging temperature principal security metal before finishing forging still has enough plasticity and obtain recrystallized structure after forging, and forging crystal grain in process of cooling is not too grown up, and reduces impelling strength, through overtesting, and 850 ℃ of selected final forging temperatures.In order to eliminate the forging cooling stress, adjust hardness about HB200, forge the back low-temperature annealing, 700 ± 30 ℃ of Heating temperatures, tapping temperature≤300 ℃.
Manufacture method provided by the invention, wherein heat treatment step processing parameter::
Normalizing: 940～960 ℃ of air coolings
Tempering: 690～720 ℃ of air coolings
Quench: 910～930 ℃ of oil coolings or dedicated medium cooling
Tempering: 200～260 ℃ of air coolings
Steel grade A of the present invention
C3(all ferritic transformations are austenitic temperature during the hypoeutectoid steel heating) is 879 ℃, quenching temperature A
C3+ 30-50 ℃, normalizing temperature A
C3+ 60-80 ℃, because alloying element is more, limit is all chosen in normalizing and quenching.Temperature is low excessively, the fully solid solution of carbide and alloying element, and the temperature height causes crystal grain thick.Tempering temperature is controlled at 200～260 ℃, determines to choose bound according to the workpiece size, guarantees that microstructure is a low carbon martensite.To reach high strength and high low-temperature flexibility.Band is with the stove coupon during thermal treatment, and mechanical property is σ
0.2〉=1180MPa, σ
b〉=1380Mpa, unit elongation δ
5〉=10%, relative reduction in area ψ 〉=45%, v-notch ballistic work Akv (20 ℃) 〉=42J, Akv (T) 〉=27J, T 〉=-60 ℃.
Manufacture method provided by the invention, comprise forge and the heat-treatment quenching operation after, workpiece is carried out UT (Ultrasonic Testing) and magnetic-particle inspection.Because the high-strength steel manufacturing all is the part of outbalance, any defective all can reduce function and shorten the life-span, therefore must carry out the magnetic-particle inspection and the inner UT (Ultrasonic Testing) on surface to workpiece.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, intensity height: adopt quenching+low-temperaturetempering technology, guarantee σ
0.2〉=1180MPa, σ
b〉=1380MPa.
2, low-temperature impact toughness height: adopt low-carbon (LC) Si-Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo-V steel alloy, both guaranteed hardening capacity and intensity index, guarantee toughness, especially low-temperature flexibility, unit elongation δ again because of carbon content is low
5〉=10%, relative reduction in area ψ 〉=45%, v-notch ballistic work Akv (20 ℃) 〉=42J, Akv (T) 〉=27J, T 〉=-60 ℃.
3, because steel alloy adopts element at a low price such as Si, Mn, reduced the high value element of Cr, Ni consumption.So cost is lower.
4, be applicable to suspension ring, drop handle, suspension hook, bearing pin class part in petroleum machinery under the low temperature environment, mining machinery, the engineering machinery.This class part security requirement height not only requires high intensity index, and requires enough low-temperature impact toughness.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1: oil bores repaiies load bearing element 150T single armed suspension ring steel and manufacture method thereof in the equipment lifting system:
Technical requirements: yield strength σ
0.2〉=1180MPa, tensile strength sigma
b〉=1380Mpa, unit elongation δ
5〉=10%, relative reduction in area ψ 〉=45%, v-notch ballistic work Akv (20 ℃) 〉=42J.UT (Ultrasonic Testing) GB/T6402-91, the II level is qualified; Surface magnetic-particle inspection JB/T4730.4-2005, the II level is qualified.
Chemical Composition
The processing step manufacturing in the following order of this part:
1, smelting technology: adopt 1 ton of Medium frequency induction smelting furnace, ceramic network is filtered during casting.
2, forging process:
Fuel oil heating: 1300 ± 10 ℃ of Heating temperatures
5 tons of electric liquid hammers: 1100 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, 870 ℃ of final forging temperatures, 700 ± 10 ℃ of forging rear annealings, insulation 2h, 280 ℃ of tapping temperatures.
3, thermal treatment process:
Normalizing: 930 ± 10 ℃ of air coolings
Tempering: 700 ± 10 ℃ of air coolings
Quench: 900 ± 10 ℃ of oil coolings
Tempering: 220 ± 10 ℃ of air coolings
UT (Ultrasonic Testing) GB/T6402-91 after forging and the thermal treatment, the I level; Magnetic-particle inspection JB/T4730.4-2005, the II level.
Empirical tests, steel grade of the present invention have high strength, high low-temperature flexibility.σ
0.2〉=1200MPa, σ
b〉=1410MPa, δ
5〉=15%, ψ 〉=47%, Akv (20 ℃) 〉=52J, this product obtains the approval of State Bureau of Technical Supervision and API, and has obtained corresponding qualification, production licence and APISpecification 8C authentication.
Embodiment 2: the 150T single armed suspension ring that require Service Environment temperature-45 ℃ are with steel and manufacture method thereof:
Technical requirements: yield strength σ
0.2〉=1180MPa, tensile strength sigma
b〉=1380Mpa, unit elongation δ
5〉=10%, relative reduction in area ψ 〉=45%, v-notch ballistic work Akv (20 ℃) 〉=42J, Akv (45 ℃) 〉=27J, UT (Ultrasonic Testing) GB/T6402-91, the II level is qualified; Surface magnetic-particle inspection JB/T4730.4-2005, the II level is qualified.
Chemical Composition
The processing step manufacturing in the following order of this part:
1, smelting technology: adopt 1 ton of Medium frequency induction smelting furnace, ceramic network is filtered during casting.
2, forging process:
Fuel oil heating: 1290 ± 10 ℃ of Heating temperatures
5 tons of electric liquid hammers: 1150 ℃ of initial forging temperatures, 870 ℃ of final forging temperatures, 700 ± 10 ℃ of forging rear annealings, insulation 2h, 280 ℃ of tapping temperatures.
3, thermal treatment process:
Normalizing: 930 ± 10 ℃ of air coolings
Tempering: 700 ± 10 ℃ of air coolings
Quench: 900 ± 10 ℃ of oil coolings
Tempering: 250 ± 10 ℃ of air coolings
UT (Ultrasonic Testing) GB/T6402-91 after forging and the thermal treatment, the I level; Magnetic-particle inspection JB/T4730.4-2005, the I level.
Empirical tests, steel grade of the present invention have high strength, high low-temperature flexibility.σ
0.2≥1198MPa，σ
b≥1400MPa，δ
5≥15％，ψ≥45％，Akv(-20℃)≥52J，Akv(-45℃)≥35J，Akv(-60℃)≥29J。This product has exported to Russia.
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| CN101024870A (en) | 2007-08-29 |
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