CN109855984B - One-way compression shear loading device and method of using the same - Google Patents
One-way compression shear loading device and method of using the same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种单向压剪加载装置及其使用方法，单向压剪加载装置包括试验件和围合在试验件四周的反力结构，反力结构包括试验件下侧的水平反力地板、试验件右侧的反力墙、试验件左侧的预应力竖向拉杆和试验件上侧的水平悬臂反力梁，反力结构形成自平衡受力体系，试验件的顶部设有水平加载梁，水平加载梁与水平悬臂反力梁之间连接竖向加载结构，水平加载梁与反力墙之间连接有施加给加载梁水平力的水平加载结构。本发明结合反力墙和反力底板，设计出一种悬臂梁和预应力钢棒同时使用的自平衡反力装置，方便进行竖向力加载。对真实模拟竖向重力起到关键作用，对评价构件抗震性能试验的合理性和可行性起到核心作用。
A unidirectional compressive shear loading device and a method of using the same. The unidirectional compressive shear loading device comprises a test piece and a reaction force structure enclosed around the test piece, and the reaction force structure includes a horizontal reaction force floor on the lower side of the test piece, a test piece The reaction wall on the right side, the prestressed vertical tie rod on the left side of the test piece, and the horizontal cantilever reaction force beam on the upper side of the test piece, the reaction force structure forms a self-balancing force system. A vertical loading structure is connected between the loading beam and the horizontal cantilever reaction beam, and a horizontal loading structure that applies a horizontal force to the loading beam is connected between the horizontal loading beam and the reaction wall. The invention combines the reaction force wall and the reaction force bottom plate, and designs a self-balancing reaction force device which uses the cantilever beam and the prestressed steel rod at the same time, which is convenient for vertical force loading. It plays a key role in the real simulation of vertical gravity, and plays a core role in evaluating the rationality and feasibility of the seismic performance test of components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test block loading device, in particular to a unidirectional compression shear loading test device and a using method thereof.
Background
In the field of civil engineering tests, the energy consumption capability of a component is often tested so as to increase exploration and understanding of the energy consumption mechanism and the seismic capacity of the component. The anti-seismic performance of the member is evaluated by adopting one-way compression-shear loading in most member tests, wherein the pressure mainly simulates the load on the upper part of the member, and the shear mainly simulates the seismic action. For small components, a traditional compression shear test usually adopts a mode of arranging a reaction frame, the reaction frame is fixed on a reaction floor, and a mode of an oil jack is adopted at the top of the reaction frame to load vertical force on a test piece.
The advantages of this loading mode are: the top gravity can be simulated, and the P-delta second-order effect generated by the deformed top gravity of the component can be simulated. The disadvantages are that: the one-way compression-shear test of tall and big components cannot be carried out, the main reason is that the reaction frame cannot be designed to be very large, otherwise the problems of difficult lifting of the reaction frame and poor economy of the reaction frame are faced.
The reaction frame cannot be designed to be relatively high. However, for some large and tall components, a reaction frame loading mode is adopted, so that the components are heavy and inconvenient to install, and the financial resources and the material resources are consumed. At present, aiming at the high large-scale component, a prestressed steel bar loading mode is adopted, namely, one end of the prestressed steel bar is fixed on a counterforce floor, the other end of the prestressed steel bar is added on the top of the component, and the gravity of the top is simulated by the loading mode.
The advantages of this loading mode are: convenient operation and good economical efficiency. But its disadvantages are also evident: because the prestressed steel bars at the bottom are anchored on the counter-force floor in the loading process, the steel bars at the top move along with the loading beam. The P-delta effect cannot be simulated directly, and the P-delta effect of a tall member is obvious and cannot be ignored. More importantly, the mechanical state of the tested member is directly changed by adopting a loading mode of the prestressed steel bar, and the rigidity of the member is directly increased. The test piece and the vertical prestressed steel bar are tested as a whole to form a new system, namely an external prestressed member, so that the energy consumption state and the failure mechanism of the member are directly changed, the evaluation accuracy and the reasonability of the anti-seismic performance of the member are seriously influenced, and the reasonable anti-seismic performance evaluation cannot be carried out according to the test result. Therefore, the vertical loading force application mode of the large high and large component is in urgent need of improvement, and a loading mode which is reasonable in mechanics, convenient to install, economical and feasible is found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a unidirectional compression shear loading device and a using method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem that a high and large member unidirectional compression shear test cannot be performed by using a single reaction frame in a test piece loading mode and also solve the technical problem that a P-delta effect cannot be simulated by using a single prestressed steel bar in the test piece loading mode and enabling a top steel bar to move along with a loading beam.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a unidirectional compression shear loading device comprises a test piece and a counter-force structure enclosed around the test piece, wherein the counter-force structure comprises a horizontal counter-force floor at the lower side of the test piece, a counter-force wall at the right side of the test piece, a prestressed vertical pull rod at the left side of the test piece and a horizontal cantilever counter-force beam at the upper side of the test piece, the counter-force structure forms a self-balancing stress system,
the horizontal counter-force floor and the counter-force wall are integrally formed and are L-shaped, the right end surface of the horizontal cantilever counter-force beam is fixedly connected with the top of the counter-force wall, the left end part of the horizontal cantilever counter-force beam is fixedly connected with the top end part of the prestressed vertical pull rod, the bottom end part of the prestressed vertical pull rod penetrates through the horizontal counter-force floor and is anchored and connected with the horizontal counter-force floor,
a horizontal loading beam which is integrally formed with the test piece is arranged in the middle of the top of the test piece, a horizontal base plate which is integrally formed with the test piece is arranged in the middle of the bottom of the test piece, a vertical loading structure which applies vertical force to the horizontal loading beam is connected between the horizontal loading beam and the horizontal cantilever counter-force beam, a horizontal loading structure which applies horizontal force to the loading beam is connected between the horizontal loading beam and the counter-force wall,
and the horizontal base plate is fixedly connected with the horizontal counter-force floor.
The vertical loading structure comprises a vertical oil jack at the lower side and a sliding tank at the upper side,
vertical hydraulic jack is provided with a set ofly, along the length direction equipartition and the fixed connection of horizontal loading roof beam at the upside surface of horizontal loading roof beam, slip tank fixed connection is at vertical hydraulic jack's upside, the downside surface of horizontal cantilever counter-force roof beam is equipped with and supplies the rolling spout track of slip tank walking.
The vertical oil jack comprises a base and a telescopic bar, the bottom of the base is fixedly connected with a lower jack connecting plate, the lower jack connecting plate is fixedly connected with the horizontal loading beam through a lower jack connecting bolt, the upper side surface of the telescopic bar is fixedly connected with an upper jack connecting plate,
the sliding tank comprises a tank shell and sliding wheels protruding out of the upper side of the shell, and a bottom plate of the tank shell is fixedly connected with a top connecting plate through a top connecting bolt of a jack.
The horizontal loading structure comprises a hoop opposite plate with hoops on two sides of the horizontal loading beam, a hoop rod and a horizontal actuator,
the size of the hoop opposite plate is larger than the cross section size of the horizontal loading beam, the hoop opposite plate is respectively arranged on the end faces of the left side and the right side of the horizontal loading beam and is anchored and connected in a counter-pulling mode through hoop rods positioned on the front side and the rear side of the horizontal loading beam,
the left end of the horizontal actuator is tightly propped against the plate through the hoop on the right side, and the right end of the horizontal actuator is fixedly connected with the reaction wall.
Horizontal cantilever counter-force roof beam is plane truss roof beam, including upper chord member, lower chord member and web member, the right-hand member face of upper chord member and lower chord member is a roof beam connecting plate of fixedly connected with placed in the middle all, four bights of roof beam connecting plate are through the roof beam connecting bolt and the counter-force wall anchor that run through the counter-force wall, roof beam connecting bolt is the stud of both ends all taking the nut, and one end nut is screwed up at the back of counter-force wall, and other end nut is screwed up on the surface of roof beam connecting plate.
The right end face of the horizontal actuator is fixedly connected with an actuator connecting plate in the middle, four corners of the actuator connecting plate are anchored with the reaction wall through actuator connecting bolts penetrating through the reaction wall, each actuator connecting bolt is a stud with nuts at two ends, one end of each actuator connecting bolt is screwed on the back of the reaction wall, and the other end of each actuator connecting plate is screwed on the surface of the actuator connecting plate.
The horizontal base plate is anchored with the horizontal counter-force floor through the base plate connecting bolt that runs through horizontal base plate and horizontal counter-force floor in proper order around test piece a week, base plate connecting bolt is the stud of both ends area nut, and one end nut is screwed up in the bottom surface on horizontal counter-force floor, and the other end nut is screwed up the upper surface on horizontal base plate.
The lower end of the prestressed vertical pull rod penetrates through the horizontal counter-force floor and is anchored on the bottom surface of the horizontal counter-force floor, and the upper end of the prestressed vertical pull rod is anchored with the lower chord.
A use method of a one-way compression shear loading device comprises the following use steps:
step one, constructing a counter-force structure: firstly, integrally constructing a horizontal counter-force floor and a counter-force wall, then fixedly connecting a horizontal cantilever counter-force beam with the counter-force wall, firstly anchoring the bottom end of a prestressed vertical pull rod with the horizontal counter-force floor, then fixedly connecting the top end of the prestressed vertical pull rod with the horizontal cantilever counter-force beam, and changing the horizontal cantilever counter-force beam from a cantilever state into a two-end supporting state so that a counter-force structure forms a self-balancing stress system;
step two, prefabricating a test piece: pouring and molding in a mold;
step three, mounting a test piece: anchoring a horizontal base plate of the test piece and a horizontal counter-force floor, then fixedly connecting a vertical loading structure to the upper side of a horizontal loading beam, and slidably connecting the vertical loading structure and the lower side of a horizontal cantilever counter-force beam, fixedly connecting the right end of the horizontal loading structure to a counter-force wall, and tightly jacking the right end of the horizontal loading beam at the left end of the horizontal loading structure;
and step four, applying stress to the horizontal loading beam through the horizontal loading structure, and simulating the vertical stress at the moment by the vertical loading structure, namely keeping the relative position of the vertical loading structure and the horizontal loading beam unchanged and moving together in the horizontal loading process.
In the third step, the vertical oil jack is fixedly connected with the horizontal loading beam, then a sliding wheel of the sliding tank is aligned to the sliding groove track, the relative position of the oil jack and the horizontal loading beam is kept unchanged in the horizontal loading process, and vertical stress is simulated;
the horizontal loading structure adjusts or does not adjust the force of the vertical oil jack in the process of loading the horizontal loading beam.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
the invention provides a novel vertical loading device by combining the advantages of a reaction frame and a prestressed steel bar, and the invention combines a reaction wall and a reaction bottom plate, and simultaneously applies a cantilever beam and the prestressed steel bar to form a self-balancing reaction device, thereby facilitating the vertical force loading of a test piece, playing a key role in truly simulating vertical gravity, and playing a core role in evaluating the reasonability and feasibility of an earthquake resistance test of a component.
The invention fully utilizes the flexible arrangement characteristic of the prestressed pull rod to pull the end part of the top cantilever reaction frame, thereby changing the cantilever reaction frame from a cantilever state to a two-end supporting state and increasing the rigidity of the reaction frame. One end of the counter-force beam is fixed on the counter-force wall through the top horizontal cantilever counter-force beam, and the other end of the counter-force beam is fixed on the counter-force floor through the prestressed pull rod. And placing the test piece below the reaction frame, arranging an oil jack at the top of the test piece, and enabling the oil jack to move along with the loading beam. The sliding tank is connected to the jack portion, the sliding tank can slide at the bottom of the reaction frame to simulate the movement of top gravity load along with loading displacement, the P-delta effect of a high and large test can be well simulated, the mechanical loading is simple and clear, and a reasonable loading system is ensured.
The one-way loading device has the advantages of convenience in processing, convenience in mounting and operation, reasonable stress for loading a test piece, good economy, high cost performance and the like, and can be assembled into a vertical force loading device by utilizing portable equipment.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the unidirectional compression shear loading device of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal cantilever reaction beam.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a vertical loading configuration.
Reference numerals: 1-reaction wall, 2-horizontal reaction floor, 3-horizontal cantilever reaction beam, 31-upper chord, 32-lower chord, 33-web member, 4-prestressed vertical pull rod, 5-sliding tank, 51-bottom plate, 52-sliding wheel, 6-vertical oil jack, 61-base, 62-telescopic bar, 63-lower jack connecting plate, 64-lower jack connecting bolt, 65-upper jack connecting plate, 66-upper jack connecting bolt, 7-base plate connecting bolt, 8-test piece, 9-horizontal loading beam, 10-horizontal base plate, 11-hoop plate, 12-hoop rod, 13-horizontal actuator, 14-beam connecting plate, 15-beam connecting bolt, 16-actuator connecting plate and 17-actuator connecting bolt.
Detailed Description
Referring to the drawings 1-3, the unidirectional compression shear loading device comprises a test piece 8 and a reaction force structure enclosed around the test piece, wherein the reaction force structure comprises a horizontal reaction force floor 2 on the lower side of the test piece, a reaction force wall 1 on the right side of the test piece, a prestressed vertical pull rod 4 on the left side of the test piece and a horizontal cantilever reaction force beam 3 on the upper side of the test piece, and a self-balancing stress system is formed by the reaction force structure.
Horizontal counter-force floor 2 and counter-force wall 1 integrated into one piece, both are L shape, the right-hand member face of horizontal cantilever counter-force roof beam 3 and the top fixed connection of counter-force wall 1, the left end of horizontal cantilever counter-force roof beam 3 and the top portion fixed connection of the vertical pull rod 4 of prestressing force, the bottom portion of the vertical pull rod 4 of prestressing force runs through horizontal counter-force floor 2 and is connected rather than the anchor.
The top of test piece 8 is equipped with the horizontal load roof beam 9 with test piece integrated into one piece between two parties, the bottom of test piece is equipped with the horizontal bed plate 10 with test piece integrated into one piece between two parties, be connected with the vertical loading structure who applys the vertical power of horizontal load roof beam between horizontal load roof beam 9 and the horizontal cantilever counter-force roof beam 3, be connected with the horizontal loading structure who applys the horizontal power of loading roof beam between horizontal load roof beam 9 and the counter-force wall 1, horizontal bed plate 10 and horizontal counter-force floor 2 fixed connection.
Vertical loading structure includes the vertical hydraulic jack 6 of downside and the slip tank 5 of upside, vertical hydraulic jack 6 is provided with a set ofly, along the length direction equipartition of horizontal loading roof beam 9 and fixed connection at the upside surface of horizontal loading roof beam 9, slip tank 5 fixed connection is at the upside of vertical hydraulic jack 6, the downside surface of horizontal cantilever counter-force roof beam 3 is equipped with and supplies the rolling spout track of the walking of slip tank 5.
The vertical oil jack 6 comprises a base 61 and a telescopic bar 62, the bottom of the base 61 is fixedly connected with a lower jack connecting plate 63, the lower jack connecting plate 63 is fixedly connected with the horizontal loading beam 9 through a lower jack connecting bolt 64, the upper side surface of the telescopic bar 62 is fixedly connected with an upper jack connecting plate 65,
the sliding tank 5 includes a tank casing and a sliding wheel 52 projecting from the upper side of the casing, and a bottom plate 51 of the tank casing is fixedly connected to a jack upper connection plate 65 by a jack upper connection bolt 66.
Horizontal loading structure includes that the cuff of cuff in horizontal loading roof beam both sides is to 11, cuff pole 12 and horizontal actuator 13, the cuff is greater than horizontal loading roof beam's cross sectional dimension to 11 sizes of board, and the cuff is divided to establish on the terminal surface of the left and right sides of horizontal loading roof beam 9 and is connected to drawing through the 12 anchors of the cuff pole that are located horizontal loading roof beam 9 front and back both sides, horizontal actuator 13's left end and the cuff on right side are tight to 11 tops of board, horizontal actuator 13's right-hand member and reaction wall 1 fixed connection.
Horizontal cantilever counter-force beam 3 is plane truss-girder, including last chord member 31, lower chord member 32 and web member 33, the right-hand member face of last chord member and lower chord member is a fixedly connected with roof beam connecting plate 14 between two parties, four bights of roof beam connecting plate 14 are through the roof beam connecting bolt 15 and the counter-force wall 1 anchor that run through the counter-force wall, roof beam connecting bolt 15 is the stud of both ends area nut, and one end nut is screwed up at the back of counter-force wall 1, and the other end nut is screwed up on the surface of roof beam connecting plate 14.
An actuator connecting plate 16 is fixedly connected to the right end face of the horizontal actuator 13 in the middle, four corners of the actuator connecting plate 16 are anchored to the reaction wall 1 through actuator connecting bolts 17 penetrating through the reaction wall, the actuator connecting bolts 17 are stud bolts with nuts at two ends, one end of each stud bolt is screwed on the back face of the reaction wall 1, and the other end of each stud bolt is screwed on the surface of the actuator connecting plate 16.
The horizontal base plate 10 is anchored with the horizontal reaction floor 2 through the base plate connecting bolt 7 which surrounds the test piece for a circle and sequentially penetrates through the horizontal base plate 10 and the horizontal reaction floor 2, the base plate connecting bolt 7 is a stud with nuts at both ends, one end of the stud is screwed on the bottom surface of the horizontal reaction floor 2, and the other end of the stud is screwed on the upper surface of the horizontal base plate 10.
The lower end of the prestressed vertical pull rod 4 penetrates through the horizontal counter-force floor 2 and is anchored on the bottom surface of the horizontal counter-force floor 2, and the upper end of the prestressed vertical pull rod 4 is anchored with the lower chord 32.
The use method of the one-way compression shear loading device comprises the following use steps:
step one, constructing a counter-force structure: firstly, integrally constructing a horizontal counter-force floor 2 and a counter-force wall 1, then fixedly connecting one end of a horizontal cantilever counter-force beam 3 with the counter-force wall 1, then anchoring the bottom end of a prestressed vertical pull rod 4 with the horizontal counter-force floor 2, then fixedly connecting the top end of the prestressed vertical pull rod 4 with the other end of the horizontal cantilever counter-force beam 3, and changing the horizontal cantilever counter-force beam 3 into a two-end supporting state from a cantilever state so that a counter-force structure forms a self-balancing stress system;
step two, prefabricating a test piece: pouring and molding the test piece 8 in a mold;
step three, mounting a test piece: anchoring a horizontal base plate 10 of a test piece and a horizontal counter-force floor 2, then fixedly connecting a vertical loading structure to the upper side of a horizontal loading beam 9, and slidably connecting the vertical loading structure and the lower side of a horizontal cantilever counter-force beam 3, fixedly connecting the right end of the horizontal loading structure to a counter-force wall 1, and tightly jacking the right end of the horizontal loading beam 9 at the left end of the horizontal loading structure;
and step four, applying stress to the horizontal loading beam 9 through the horizontal loading structure, wherein the vertical loading structure simulates the vertical stress at the moment, namely the vertical loading structure keeps the relative position with the horizontal loading beam 9 unchanged and moves together in the horizontal loading process.
In the third step, the vertical oil jack 6 is fixedly connected with the horizontal loading beam 9, then the sliding wheel 52 of the sliding tank 5 is aligned with the sliding chute track, the relative position of the oil jack 6 and the horizontal loading beam 9 is kept unchanged in the horizontal loading process, and the vertical stress is simulated; the horizontal loading structure adjusts or does not adjust the force of the vertical oil jack 6 in the process of loading the horizontal loading beam 9.
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| CN110426284B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2024-04-12 | 西南交通大学 | Large-tonnage cantilever type self-balancing test loading system and implementation method thereof |
| CN110654568B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2022-09-06 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Hub couple loading device |
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