CN1098355C - 一种乙酰短杆菌及以该菌种为酶源制备5-氟尿苷的方法 - Google Patents
一种乙酰短杆菌及以该菌种为酶源制备5-氟尿苷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1098355C CN1098355C CN00125112A CN00125112A CN1098355C CN 1098355 C CN1098355 C CN 1098355C CN 00125112 A CN00125112 A CN 00125112A CN 00125112 A CN00125112 A CN 00125112A CN 1098355 C CN1098355 C CN 1098355C
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- acetyl
- tyrothricin
- fluorouridine
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种乙酰短杆菌QD96,以及以该菌种为酶源制备5-氟尿苷的方法。本发明利用该菌种产生的核苷磷酸化酶和嘧啶核苷磷酸化酶,在微生物非增值情况下进行酶反应而生成5-FUR。该方法可以采用较高的底物浓度,使摩尔转化率最高可达60%,大大地降低了生产成本,能够满足医药工业的需要。
Description
本发明属于生化工程领域,涉及一种乙酰短杆菌及应用乙酰短杆菌制备5-氟尿苷的方法。
5-氟尿苷的化学名为1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-5-氟尿嘧啶,其结构式如下所示:
5-氟尿苷是一种重要的5-氟尿嘧啶衍生物,可以制备多种抗癌抗病毒药,如抗癌良药5-脱氧-5-氟尿苷(英文名为5’-deoxy-5-fluorouridine,氟铁龙)及2’-脱氧-5-氟尿苷即以5-氟尿苷为起始原料。
5-氟尿苷的制备方法从一般而言有化学合成法、发酵法和酶法。化学合成法有多种途径,较有代表性的有以下两种方法:
以5-氟尿嘧啶和核糖为原料:5-氟尿嘧啶2、4位首先硅烷化,制备成三甲基硅烷基-5-氟尿嘧啶(A);而核糖则首先制备成四乙酰核糖(B)。(A)和(B)用路易斯酸作催化剂进行反应,得到酰化的5-氟尿苷,再水解可获得5-氟尿苷;
尿苷直接氟化:尿苷首先制成三乙酰化尿苷,然后在溶剂中用氟气处理,形成中间产物,6-乙酰基-三乙酰-5、6-双氢尿苷,再在甲醇或甲醇钠中用Et3N先脱去6位的保护剂,再脱去核糖上的保护基,从而获得5-氟尿苷。
上述方法需要用到昂贵的试剂及许多有机溶剂,对反应物的活性基团要进行保护和去保护,前者缩合反应选择性不高,有α-体产生,后者需要氟气,将造成环境污染。而近年来兴起的发酵法和酶法制备5-氟尿苷只需一步反应,不需要对某些基团保护或脱保护,缩合反应只产生β-体,并且还具有反应条件温和、不需要有毒有害的有机溶剂、环境污染小等优点,因此受到了人们的广泛重视。
发酵法合成5-氟尿苷是利用枯草芽孢杆菌ATCC19062进行生产的,该方法在30℃下培养68小时后,添加5-氟尿嘧啶2mg/mL,52小时后,5-氟尿苷的含量仅为2.5mg/mL,因反应时间长,容易染菌而无实用价值。
许多专利和文献公开了酶法制备5-氟尿苷的生产工艺。早期人们在研究5-FU抗癌机理时发现,癌细胞中尿苷磷酸化酶含量较高,可由5-氟尿嘧啶(简称5-FU)和核糖-1-磷酸可逆合成5-FUR,并用肿瘤细胞抽提物为酶源合成得到了5-FUR。日本专利:JP81102794采用Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC9621为酶源,反应液配比为:
尿苷 1
KH2PO4 0.85
5-FU 0.2
60℃反应5小时,得到5-FUR,含量为155mg/dL,转化率仅为38%(对5-FUR);
文献:Biosci.Biotech.Biochem 1992;56(4):580-582在研究制备5-甲基尿苷时也合成获得了5-FUR。该方法虽然有较高的转化率(可达90%以上),但由于存在需要添加多种酶制剂及反应浓度低等缺陷,因此,实用价值不高。
本发明的目的在于克服上述缺陷,提供一种乙酰短杆菌属(Brevibacteriumacetyicum)的菌种和以该乙酰短杆菌为酶源制备5-FUR的生产方法,该方法可以采用较高的底物浓度,使摩尔转化率最高可达60%,大大地降低了生产成本,能够满足医药工业的需要。
本发明的构思是这样的:采用乙酰短杆菌完整细胞制备5-FUR,主要是利用其产生的核苷磷酸化酶,即嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶和嘧啶核苷磷酸化酶,在微生物非增值情况下进行酶反应而生成5-FUR。
使用的微生物:
用于生产本发明所说的5-FUR的是一种属于乙酰短杆菌种的菌种,乙酰短杆菌(Brevibacterium acetyicum)QD96即为具有这种生产能力的菌种,以下简称QD96。该菌种与乙酰短杆菌ATCC954和乙酰短杆菌AT-6-7为同一种,对乙酰短杆菌ATCC954长期深冻,紫外线照射,γ射线辐射,化学试剂处理,(如硫酸二乙酯、亚硝酸、N-甲基-硝基-N-亚硝基胍等),超声波等诱变处理,即可获得所说的乙酰短杆菌(Brevibacterium acetyicum)QD96。该菌种已于2000年7月5日在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会保藏,保藏号为CGMCC No.0472。
QD96菌种具有如下性质:
1.形态特征:
(1)细胞的形态和大小:短杆状,0.8~1.0×1.0~1.2μm;
(2)胞子的形成:无;
(3)革兰氏染色性:阳性。
2.在各种培养基上的生长状态:
(1)牛肉浸膏琼脂平板培养(30℃,48小时)
菌落形状:圆形(Circular);
菌落表面隆起:扁平状(Flat),平滑(Smooth)
大小:2~4mm;
色调:浅黄色。
(2)牛肉浸膏琼脂斜面培养(28℃,48小时)
生长:良好;
生长的形状:疣状(Echinulate)。
(3)牛肉浸膏明胶穿刺培养(20℃,6天)
液化成层状(Straitiform)。
(4)牛肉浸液体培养(28℃,48小时)
生长:表面形成菌环(Ring),稍微生成沉渣(Sediment)。
(5)石蕊牛乳培养基(28℃,4天)
略凝固,可见陈化。
3.生理生化特征:
(1)硝酸盐还原(28℃,5天):无还原性;
(2)硫化氢生成(28℃,5天):无;
(3)淀粉水解:分解;
(4)过氧化氢酶:阳性;
(5)吲哚生成:无
(6)由蛋白胨和精氨酸生成氨:阴性;
(7)甲基红试验:阴性;
(8)V-P试验:阳性;
(9)对氧的需求:好气;
(10)O-F试验(Hugh Leison法):F型(Fermentation);
(11)由糖生成酸
阳性:葡萄糖、甘露糖、果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖和海藻糖;
阴性:阿拉伯糖、木糖、半乳糖、乳糖、山梨醇、肌糖和甘油;
(12) 生长pH范围:6.0~9.0;
(13) 生长最适宜温度:25~37℃;
(14) 抗5-FU:能催化5-FU碱基转换反应;
(15) 嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶活性:1.864单位(以鸟苷为底物);
(16) 嘧啶核苷磷酸化酶活性:14单位。
根据文献:“伯杰系统细菌学手册”,(Brrgey’s Manual of SystematicBactcriology)提供的鉴定方法和上述的试验结果表明,QD96菌种属于乙酰短杆菌类群,但又与原乙酰短杆菌有明显的不同,其主要不同之处在于原种5-FU转化率为零,QD96菌种能催化5-FU碱基转换反应;嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶活性:1.864单位(以鸟苷为底物);嘧啶核苷磷酸化酶活性:14单位;色调为浅黄色。
通过常规的发酵生产方法,可以培养上述的QD96菌种,以该菌种为酶源,由常规的酶催化反应可制得所说的5-氟尿苷。该方法包括先培养乙酰短杆菌QD96(CGMCC)No.0472,然后再将该培养物与核糖供体、5-氟尿嘧啶置于反应器中反应,即可获得5-氟尿苷的方法。简述如下:
所说的乙酰短杆菌QD96是以碳源、氮源、无机盐以及必要的维生素等有机营养素加以培养的。所说的碳源可以采用葡萄糖、淀粉水解糖、淀粉、糖蜜、蔗糖、山梨醇等,所说的氮源可以采用尿素、氨水、酵母膏、牛肉膏、玉米浆、蛋白胨、大豆水解液等,所说的无机盐可以采用磷酸盐、锰盐和钾盐等,所说的维生素为VB、VB6等。其培养方法在许多文献上都有阐述,此处不再赘述。以上述方法所得的乙酰短杆菌QD96即可直接使用,或者进行进一步的菌体处理,如进行丙酮干燥、超声波处理、表面活性剂、冷冻干燥处理等,以达到提高传质效率、稳定酶活性和提高酶利用率的目的,一般不需提纯。
将所得的乙酰短杆菌QD96置于含有碳源、氮源、无机盐等的无菌培养基中(pH=7.0)于28~37℃下培养24~48小时,将培养液离心分离后用磷酸盐溶液洗涤备用。
将所说的乙酰短杆菌QD96菌体与核糖供体、5-氟尿嘧啶及必要的缓冲溶液置于反应器中,搅拌溶解,在pH=5.0~10,最佳为7~9,温度为30~70℃,最佳为60~65℃的条件下反应1~10小时,即可获得所说的5-氟尿苷。核糖供体和5-FU的浓度均为20~300mmol/L,菌体加入量为3~5%(wt%)。
所说的核糖供体为鸟苷、肌苷、腺苷、尿苷、胞苷、5-甲苷尿苷、5’-鸟苷酸、5’-肌苷酸、5’-腺苷酸、5’-尿苷酸或5’-胞苷酸及其混合物中的一种。
本发明所说的方法可以得到较高的转化率:当底物浓度为50~300mmol/L时,5-氟尿苷的浓度可达8~26g/L,摩尔转化率最高可达60%以上,本发明无需提取酶,直接以乙酰短杆菌QD96菌的完整细胞为酶源,大大降低了生产成本,提高了生产效率,是一种具有广阔应用前景的制备方法。
分析方法:本发明采用高效液相色谱分析。
色谱仪:岛津高效液相色谱仪;
泵:LC-10AT;
紫外检测器:SPD-10A;
柱:Hypersil C18;
洗脱液:水∶甲醇=95∶5;
流速:1mL/min;
操作温度:室温;
测定波长:254nm
下面将通过实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1-8
乙酰短杆菌QDATCC954置于含牛肉膏1%,蛋白胨1%,酵母膏0.5%,NaCl0.5%所组成的培养基中,121℃灭菌20min,30℃培养16小时,并用无菌的生理盐水制备成106个细胞/毫升悬浮液。经过一系列诱变处理,获得一株QD96菌株。该菌株在上述培养基琼脂平板上为淡黄色,母株为橘红色。在上述培养基琼脂平板中分别添加1,2,3,4,5,6mg/mL的5-FU,并分别接种乙酰短杆菌QD96和ATCC954,30℃培养24小时,结果如下所示:(“+”为生长良好,“-”为不生长)。
| 菌种名 | 5-FU浓度(mg/mL) | 生长情况 | |
| 实施例1 | QD96 | 1 | + |
| 实施例2 | QD96 | 2 | + |
| 实施例3 | QD96 | 3 | + |
| 实施例4 | QD96 | 4 | + |
| 实施例5 | QD96 | 5 | + |
| 实施例6 | QD96 | 6 | + |
| 实施例7 | ATCC954 | 0 | + |
| 实施例8 | ATCC954 | 1 | - |
实施例9-10
将乙酰短杆菌QD96一环接种于含牛肉膏1%,蛋白胨1%,酵母膏0.5%,NaCl 0.5%的培养基中,121℃灭菌20min,三角瓶装量为25mL/250mL,30℃,200r/min震荡培养24小时。
培养结束后,高速离心收集菌体,约得1.0克湿菌体/100mL,并用0.05mol/L,pH=7.0的磷酸钾缓冲液洗涤三次。
取0.5克湿菌体和ATCC954,分别加入100mmol/L的5-FU及鸟苷,50mmol/LpH=8.0的磷酸钾缓冲液,总体积10mL,于60℃震荡反应4小时,反应结束,高速离心除去不溶物,并分析上层清液,结果如下:
| 菌种名 | 5-FUR(g/L) | 摩尔转化率% | |
| 实施例9 | ATCC954 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| 实施例10 | QD96 | 15.6 | 60.0 |
实施例11-16其他过程与实施例10相同,采用不同的核糖供体,其结果如下:
| 核糖供体 | 5-FUR浓度(mg/mL) | 摩尔转化率(%) | |
| 实施例11 | 鸟苷 | 15.7 | 60.2 |
| 实施例12 | 肌苷 | 7.67 | 29.5 |
| 实施例13 | 腺苷 | 5.04 | 19.4 |
| 实施例14 | 尿苷 | 12.06 | 46.4 |
| 实施例15 | 胞苷 | 15.11 | 58.09 |
| 实施例16 | 5-甲基尿苷 | 10.17 | 39.1 |
| 实施例17 | 5’-鸟苷酸 | 12.87 | 49.50 |
| 实施例18 | 5’-肌苷酸 | 6.87 | 26.44 |
| 实施例19 | 5’-腺苷酸 | 5.31 | 20.44 |
| 实施例20 | 5’-尿苷酸 | 10.35 | 39.79 |
| 实施例21 | 5’-胞苷酸 | 8.97 | 34.50 |
实施例22-27其它过程与实施例10相同,加入不同浓度的5-FU和鸟苷,其结果如下所示:
| 鸟苷浓度(mmol/L) | 5-FU浓度(mmol/L) | 5-FUR浓度(mg/mL) | 摩尔转化率(%) | |
| 实施例22 | 50 | 50 | 7.77 | 59.9 |
| 实施例23 | 100 | 100 | 16.02 | 61.6 |
| 实施例24 | 150 | 150 | 21.45 | 55.0 |
| 实施例25 | 200 | 200 | 25.71 | 49.4 |
| 实施例26 | 250 | 250 | 13.65 | 21.0 |
| 实施例27 | 300 | 300 | 9.6 | 12.3 |
Claims (5)
1.一种乙酰短杆菌CGMCC0472。
2.一种以乙酰短杆菌为酶源制备5-氟尿苷的方法,其特征在于:该方法包括先培养乙酰短杆菌CGMCC0472,然后再将该培养物与核糖供体、5-氟尿嘧啶置于反应器中反应,即可获得5-氟尿苷。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,反应时pH=5.0~10,温度为30~70℃,反应1~10小时。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,反应时pH=7~9,温度为60~65℃。
5.如权利要求2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所说的核糖供体为鸟苷、肌苷、腺苷、尿苷、胞苷、5-甲苷尿苷、5’-鸟苷酸、5’-肌苷酸、5’-腺苷酸、5’-尿苷酸或5’-胞苷酸。
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| CN102174618A (zh) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-09-07 | 南通秋之友生物科技有限公司 | 用乙酰短杆菌的核苷磷酸化酶合成2’-脱氧鸟苷的方法 |
| CN104293867A (zh) * | 2014-09-27 | 2015-01-21 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种2’-脱氧-5-氟尿苷的微生物合成方法 |
| CN111621440B (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-11-05 | 上海健康医学院 | 一种抗肿瘤的多肽组合物及其制备方法和用途 |
| CN111676159B (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-11-05 | 上海健康医学院 | 一种海洋短杆菌及其活性组分和制备方法 |
| CN113969299B (zh) * | 2021-10-17 | 2023-10-20 | 拓新药业集团股份有限公司 | 一种生物转化合成尿苷的方法 |
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| CN1261372A (zh) * | 1997-06-03 | 2000-07-26 | 森庸厚 | 天然抗肿瘤性或抗病毒性物质及其用途 |
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