CN109735316A - 一种天然气水合物抑制剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种天然气水合物抑制剂。所述的天然气水合物抑制剂结构式如式(1)或式(2)所示。本发明以N‑乙烯基吡咯烷酮为基础,在该抑制剂的单体结构基础上,通过化学合成,添加新的结构基团,改变抑制剂的端链结构,以达到增强抑制效果的目的。其中:R为C1‑8的烃基。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及化工技术领域,具体涉及一种天然气水合物抑制剂。
背景技术:
在油气开采和输运过程中,天然气及原油中的轻组分在低温高压的条件下与水作用会形成天然气水合物。天然气水合物是一种笼型晶体,会在油气管道以及相应的设备处形成堵塞,从而带来严重的安全隐患。在低温高压下,天然气水合物很易形成,例如在4℃,甲烷形成水合物的压力约为3.8MPa,而乙烷约为0.8MPa,丙烷约为0.4MPa。这些温度和压力对于生产和输送天然气和其他石油流体的许多操作环境而言并非不常用。
传统使用甲醇、乙二醇等热力学抑制剂是通过改变水合物生成的热力学条件来避免和防止水合物生成。但是,此类抑制剂具有浓度高(10wt%~60wt%)、耗量大、成本高和毒性强污染环境等缺点,已经不能满足诸如海上油气开采作业等要求。从90年代起国内外开始研究用低剂量抑制剂来代替甲醇等热力学抑制剂的使用。
低剂量的抑制剂不是改变水合物的形成条件,而是延缓水合物的成核或生长,而且由于加入量很少(浓度一般小于1wt%),成本较低,但是如果现有工艺采用低剂量抑制剂会使现有的醇类抑制剂配套设备隐没成本高,而且经济实用高效的低剂量抑制剂还在开发。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种天然气水合物抑制剂,本发明在现有低剂量抑制剂的基础上,改变低剂量抑制剂的端链结构,改善其抑制性能,改变其溶解性能,增强抑制能力,来解决现有技术存在的问题。
本发明的一个目的是提供了一种天然气水合物抑制剂,结构如式(1)或式(2)所示:
其中:R为C1-8的烃基。
本发明以现有的具有一定抑制效果的低剂量抑制剂结构为基础,采用N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,在该抑制剂的单体结构基础上,通过化学合成,添加新的结构基团,改变抑制剂的端链结构,以达到增强抑制效果的目的。
优选地,所述的R为苯基或1-甲基环戊烷基。
上述天然气水合物抑制剂的制备方法,将N-乙烯吡咯烷酮单体和偶氮二异丁腈加入反应容器中,所述的N-乙烯吡咯烷酮单体和偶氮二异丁腈的质量比为50~60:1,在氮气气氛下将三氟甲基苯(或者1-三氟甲基-3-甲基-环戊烷,或者三氟乙基)和N,N-二甲酰胺加入到反应容器中,在温度为75℃~85℃的条件下搅拌反应6~8h,得到反应产物;将反应产物自然冷却,在旋转蒸发器中蒸发掉反应产物中的N,N-二甲酰胺,然后将产物使用乙醚进行抽滤,得到的固体产物干燥和除水后,得到所述的水合物抑制剂。
本发明提出的天然气水合物抑制剂的制备方法步骤简单、原料易得,利于大规模推广。
本发明还提供了天然气水合物抑制剂的应用,所述的天然气水合物抑制剂使用时相对于体系中水的浓度为0.5wt%~3wt%,适用压力为6~25MPa,温度为2℃~4℃。
与现有的技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:本发明以现有的具有一定抑制效果的低剂量抑制剂结构为基础,采用N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮,在该抑制剂的单体结构基础上,通过化学合成,添加新的结构基团,改变抑制剂的端链结构,以达到增强抑制效果的目的。
具体实施方式:
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮用三氟甲基苯端链改性过的新型抑制剂的制备:
在装有温度计、冷凝管和N2导管的三口烧瓶中加入352mg偶氮二异丁腈作链引发剂、20.0g N-乙烯吡咯烷酮单体,橡胶塞密封后,用氮气吹洗3次以排尽反应瓶中的空气;然后在氮气的保护下将560μL三氟甲基苯以及100mL N,N-二甲酰胺用注射器加入到反应瓶中,再用氮气吹洗3次;最后在氮气氛围中,200r/min的磁力搅拌强度下,调节温度为80℃反应7h。反应完全后产物为透明液体,待其自然冷却,在旋转蒸发器中蒸发掉大部分N,N-二甲酰胺,再次自然后将产物逐渐滴于1000mL、0℃左右的乙醚中,进行抽滤,之后将固体产物放到真空干燥箱中干燥48h(温度约45℃),再除水1h(温度约105℃),研磨备用。
实施例2:
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮用三氟乙烷端链改性过的新型抑制剂的制备:
在装有温度计、冷凝管和N2导管的三口烧瓶中加入352mg偶氮二异丁腈作链引发剂、20.0g N-乙烯吡咯烷酮单体,橡胶塞密封后,用氮气吹洗3次以排尽反应瓶中的空气;然后在氮气的保护下将560μL三氟乙烷以及100mL N,N-二甲酰胺用注射器加入到反应瓶中,再用氮气吹洗3次;最后在氮气氛围中,200r/min的磁力搅拌强度下,调节温度为80℃反应7h。反应完全后产物为透明液体,待其自然冷却,在旋转蒸发器中蒸发掉大部分N,N-二甲酰胺,再次自然后将产物逐渐滴于1000mL、0℃左右的乙醚中,进行抽滤,之后将固体产物放到真空干燥箱中干燥48h(温度约45℃),再除水1h(温度约105℃),研磨备用。
实施例3:
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮用1-三氟甲基-3-甲基环戊烷端链链改性过的新型抑制剂的制备:
在装有温度计、冷凝管和N2导管的三口烧瓶中加入352mg偶氮二异丁腈作链引发剂、20.0g N-乙烯吡咯烷酮单体,橡胶塞密封后,用氮气吹洗3次以排尽反应瓶中的空气;然后在氮气的保护下将560μL 1-三氟甲基-3-甲基-环戊烷以及100mL N,N-二甲酰胺用注射器加入到反应瓶中,再用氮气吹洗3次;最后在氮气氛围中,200r/min的磁力搅拌强度下,调节温度为80℃反应7h。反应完全后产物为透明液体,待其自然冷却,在旋转蒸发器中蒸发掉大部分N,N-二甲酰胺,再次自然后将产物逐渐滴于1000mL、0℃左右的乙醚中,进行抽滤,之后将固体产物放到真空干燥箱中干燥48h(温度约45℃),再除水1h(温度约105℃),研磨备用。
采用傅里叶红外光谱和核磁共振的碳谱表征特征结构特征峰,确定合成物质,实施例1~3得到的水和物抑制剂的红外谱图结构与预期要得到的物质结构相符。
对比例1:
聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的制备:
在装有温度计、冷凝管和N2导管的三口烧瓶中加入352mg偶氮二异丁腈作链引发剂、20.0g N-乙烯吡咯烷酮单体,橡胶塞密封后,用氮气吹洗3次以排尽反应瓶中的空气;然后在氮气的保护下将560μL乙酸甲酯以及100mL N,N-二甲酰胺用注射器加入到反应瓶中,再用氮气吹洗3次;最后在氮气氛围中,200r/min的磁力搅拌强度下,调节温度为80℃反应7h。反应完全后产物为透明液体,待其自然冷却,在旋转蒸发器中蒸发掉大部分N,N-二甲酰胺,再次自然后将产物逐渐滴于1000mL、0℃左右的乙醚中,进行抽滤,之后将固体产物放到真空干燥箱中干燥48h(温度约45℃),再除水1h(温度约105℃),研磨备用。采用傅里叶红外光谱和核磁共振的碳谱表征特征结构特征峰,确定合成物质即为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
实施例4:
抑制效果评价
本发明采用可视化的高压搅拌试验反应装置。实验装置主要包括:恒温空气浴,反应釜,磁力搅拌器,数据采集模块,温度传感器,压力传感器等。反应釜的容积为1000mL,能承受的最高压力为25MPa;压力传感器的型号为CYB-20S精度为±0.025MPa;温度传感器的型号为PT100精度为±0.1℃。反应气体采用甲烷(95%)和丙烷(5%)的混合气,抑制剂浓度为1%。通过真空吸入已经配制好的反应液体197.0±0.5g,然后给反应釜通入少量的反应气体,小于1MPa。降低水浴温度,冷却反应釜,当反应釜的温度达到预定温度4℃时,通入反应气体到6MPa左右。在釜内气压到6MPa时,关闭反应釜上进气阀,然后关闭气源,开动磁力搅拌,实验开始。记录实验开始后的数据,观察反应过程,当温度升高再降低到并长时间稳定在某一个温度同时压力明显降低时停止实验。考察添加不同抑制剂后的水合物形成诱导时间,从而确定不同抑制剂的抑制性能。
采用上述动力学抑制剂检测实验装置,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮重均分子量大约900000时的抑制时间为480min(温度4℃,压力为6MPa,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液中聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的质量浓度为1%)。当温度为4℃,压力为15MPa,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液中聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的质量浓度为3%的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮抑制时间为180min,当温度为2℃,压力为25MPa,当聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液中聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的质量浓度为0.5%,抑制时间为15min。
将实施例1~3得到的天然气水合物抑制剂和对比例1制备得到的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,分别按照表1中的配比和质量浓度加入水合物抑制性能评价实验装置的反应釜中进行测试,利用水合物抑制性能评价实验装置评价其抑制性能,结果列于表1。
表1不同水合物抑制剂的抑制性能测试结果
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化等均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种天然气水合物抑制剂,其特征在于,结构式如式(1)或式(2)所示:
其中:R为C1-8的烃基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天然气水合物抑制剂,其特征在于,R为苯基或1-甲基环戊烷基。
3.权利要求1所述的天然气水合物抑制剂的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的天然气水合物抑制剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的天然气水合物抑制剂使用时相对于体系中水的浓度为0.5wt%~3wt%,适用压力为6~25MPa,温度为2℃~4℃。
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| CN1635006A (zh) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-07-06 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 乙烯基吡咯烷酮与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物作为水合物生长抑制剂的应用 |
| CN107868157A (zh) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-03 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种新型水合物动力学抑制剂及其制备方法 |
| EP2346909B1 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2018-05-16 | Isp Investments Inc. | Polymers derived from n-vinyl formamide, vinyl amides or acrylamides, and reaction solvent, and the uses thereof |
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| US8887815B2 (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2014-11-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Nanoparticle kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors |
| US9751866B2 (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2017-09-05 | Isp Investments Llc | Hemi-aminal ethers and thioethers of N-alkenyl cyclic compounds |
| CN108219762B (zh) * | 2016-12-14 | 2020-04-07 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种新型水合物动力学抑制剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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| CN1635006A (zh) * | 2003-12-31 | 2005-07-06 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 乙烯基吡咯烷酮与乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物作为水合物生长抑制剂的应用 |
| EP2346909B1 (en) * | 2008-11-13 | 2018-05-16 | Isp Investments Inc. | Polymers derived from n-vinyl formamide, vinyl amides or acrylamides, and reaction solvent, and the uses thereof |
| CN107868157A (zh) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-03 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | 一种新型水合物动力学抑制剂及其制备方法 |
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