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CN109699542A - A kind of pond solid polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei - Google Patents

A kind of pond solid polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109699542A
CN109699542A CN201910128459.2A CN201910128459A CN109699542A CN 109699542 A CN109699542 A CN 109699542A CN 201910128459 A CN201910128459 A CN 201910128459A CN 109699542 A CN109699542 A CN 109699542A
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pond
rope
oyster
raft
polyculture
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陈丽梅
刘利华
孙敬锋
郭永军
张丹
李晶晶
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Tianjin Agricultural University
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Tianjin Agricultural University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

The present invention relates to the pond solid polyculture method of a kind of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei, the method raises together long oyster using raft formula lifting rope or raft formula cylinder mould breeding way with Penaeus Vannmei.This polyculture method can effectively increase shrimp ponds utilization rate, remarkable in economical benefits, there is extremely important effect to improvement sea pond living resources population structure and quality simultaneously, prawn culturing pond nitrogen phosphorus and the content of organic matter is effectively reduced, the problem of environmental pollution in breeding wastewater discharge is reduced, social benefit and ecological benefits are significant.

Description

A kind of pond solid polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, the pond solid of especially a kind of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei is raised together Method.
Background technique
Long oyster (Crassostrea gigas) belongs to Mollusca, Bivalvia, pearl mesh, Ostreidae, huge oyster category, custom Claim Pacific oyster.It is distributed widely in northwest Pacific sea area, North of Yangtze River is distributed mainly in China, from Liaoning to Jiangsu etc. Maritime provinces.The current long main culturing area of oyster at sea, is divided into the cultivation of raft formula lifting rope and raft formula cylinder mould cultivates both of which, And mariculture suffers from the restriction of many factors such as local policy, geographical environment.
Penaeus Vannmei is increased considerably due to high-density breeding, residual bait and metabolite in recent years, there are water quality deterioration, The outstanding problems such as disease, underproof breeding wastewater discharge can do great damage to environment.
By retrieval, patent publication us relevant to present patent application is not yet found.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the pond of a kind of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art Pool solid polyculture method, the polyculture method can effectively increase shrimp ponds utilization rate, remarkable in economical benefits, while to improving seawater pond Pool living resources population structure and quality have extremely important effect, and prawn culturing pond nitrogen phosphorus is effectively reduced and organic matter contains Amount reduces the problem of environmental pollution in breeding wastewater discharge, and social benefit and ecological benefits are significant.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions to achieve:
Long oyster is used raft formula lifting rope by a kind of pond solid polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei, the method Or raft formula cylinder mould breeding way is raised together with Penaeus Vannmei.
Moreover, steps are as follows:
(1) before launching seed, carry out disinfection to mixed breeding shrimp ponds and rich water, Penaeus Vannmei shrimp seedling are first launched, seed size For 0.8-1cm, throw-in density is ten thousand tails of 2-4/mu, feeds mixed feed;
(2) after shrimp seedling dispensing after 10 ± 1 days, long oyster seed is launched, and long oyster seed is oyster morning seedling, specification 2- 3mm, seed number 20-40 in each scallop piece attachment base, throw-in density is 100,000/per acre;For Ji≤10 mu Mian Shrimp ponds, the mode that oyster culture takes raft formula lifting rope to cultivate in pond support the shrimp ponds of Ji≤10 mu Mian using raft formula lifting rope It grows or raft formula cylinder mould breeding way is cultivated.
Moreover, oyster cultivates in central beach face or circular groove in pond for the shrimp ponds of Ji≤10 mu Mian.
Moreover, the Penaeus Vannmei seed is launched in the first tenday period of a month in May, oyster seed is launched in mid or late May.
Moreover, the mixed breeding shrimp ponds require the depth of water at 2 meters or more, and have and change outlet capacity, day quantity of exchanged water 20% or more, Seawater salinity is not less than 20;
With the bolting silk Na Shui of 60 mesh, 1.5 kilograms of urea or 2.5~3 kilograms of ammonium nitrate are applied, per acre with fertile base bait.
Moreover, the bottom of pond matter of the mixed breeding shrimp ponds is silt particle bottom.
Moreover, the step (2) in raft formula lifting rope cultivation method particularly includes:
The culturing raft that raft formula lifting rope uses when cultivating is single entry raft, i.e., by 1 floating well rope, 2 short wooden stakes and several float groups At length, that is, raft height of floating well rope;
Specific method is to drive piles on the bank or among beach to fix in pond two sides, and polyethylene is floated well rope both ends and is fixed in stake; Floating ball is fixed on floating well rope, fixes a float every 5m;Width is 8-10m between two column floats, is kinked greatly with radix saposhnikoviae;It supports The rope i.e. length of lifting rope is grown depending on setting pond depth;
When cultivation rope is polyethylene rope or polypropylene rope, the scallop shell with 10~20 juvenile mollusks is clipped in Miao Shengzhong Between, each scallop shell spacing 10cm;Specific method is fishing line to be passed through the hole beaten on scallop shell, then be through at away from 10cm at knotting In rope strand and the fixation that knots, pass through the fixed a piece of scallop shell attachment base of fishing line;It, can after oyster grows to and squeezes slotting formation piece mutually It is securely fixed in folder Miao Shengshang;
When cultivation rope is half carbon steel line or galvanized iron wire, shell string collector when collecting seedling is dismantled, again each The spacing of shell Seedling culturing device is expanded to 20 centimetres, goes here and there on forming rope;After cultivation rope is made, it can hang from above on buoyant raft;
For first Seedling culturing device in cultivation rope in underwater 20cm, each the distance between cultivation rope of going here and there is 20-30cm.
Moreover, the length of the cultivation rope is 1.5~2m;The diameter of the polyethylene rope is 0.6~0.8cm, described poly- The diameter of propylene rope is 1.2~1.5cm;The half carbon steel line is No. 14 half carbon steel lines, and the galvanized iron wire is No. 8 galvanized iron Line.
Moreover, the step (2) in raft formula cylinder mould cultivation method particularly includes: i.e. by the oyster seedling being attached on shell together with shellfish Shell is mounted in together in scallop cylinder mould, then is hung and formed on raft frame.
Moreover, every layer cylinder mould oyster culture 30,10~120,000 can be put in a suitable place to breed per acre.
The advantages of present invention obtains and good effect are:
1, the method for the present invention mixes long oyster using raft formula lifting rope or raft formula cylinder mould breeding way and Penaeus Vannmei It supports, shrimp ponds utilization rate can be effectively increased, remarkable in economical benefits, this method carries out prawn using sea pond and oyster solid is supported The Polyculture grown can not only extend oyster culture space, in the case where guaranteeing prawn output, can also improve shrimp ponds benefit With rate, economic benefit is dramatically increased.
2, the method for the present invention is by first launching prawn seed, then launches the mode of the spat of oyster and cultivated, one side shrimp ponds Biological feed in water is sufficient, is suitble to the fast-growth of oyster;Another aspect oyster passes through filter food algae and prawn culturing process The organic debris of middle generation is effectively reduced the content of nitrogen and phosphorous in water, purifies water, and the method for the present invention can reduce breeding wastewater The pollution to environment is discharged, it is strong that culture fishery is promoted to develop in a healthy way.
3, the method for the present invention is by first launching prawn seed, then launches the shrimp shellfish Polyculture of the spat of oyster and cultivated, and one Biological feed in aspect shrimp pool water is sufficient, is suitble to the fast-growth of oyster;Another aspect oyster passes through filter food algae and prawn The organic debris generated in breeding process can effectively reduce the content of nitrogen and phosphorous in shrimp pool water, purify water, and greatly reduce cultivation Pollution of the discharge of wastewater to environment.
4, the method for the present invention can not only significantly improve the economic benefit of single aquaculture model, and shrimp shellfish Polyculture can be with Pond life resource population structure and quality are significantly improved, culture fishery sound development, social benefit and life are effectively facilitated State remarkable benefit.
5, the method for the present invention is cultivated using raft formula cylinder mould, and the growth to oyster is accelerated is increase the yield per unit area, suffered from Positive effect.The cultivation of raft formula cylinder mould be easy to cause fouling organism to adhere to than lifting rope breeding way, thus needs to pay attention to and periodically carry out Cleaning.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the invention will be further described by specific embodiment, following embodiment be it is descriptive, no It is restrictive, this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
Raw material used in the present invention is unless otherwise specified conventional commercial product;Used in the present invention Method is unless otherwise specified the conventional method of this field.
Embodiment 1
A kind of pond solid polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei, specific as follows:
1, cultivating pool environment
Oyster and prawn are raised together, and mixed breeding shrimp ponds require the depth of water at 2 meters or more, and change outlet capacity with certain, day change water Amount is 20% or more, and seawater salinity is not less than 20, and bottom of pond matter is advisable with silt particle bottom.The clear bottom of shrimp ponds, disinfection should be carried out before putting in a suitable place to breed Rich water.With the bolting silk Na Shui of 60 mesh, 1.5 kilograms of urea or 2.5~3 kilograms of ammonium nitrate are applied, per acre with fertile base bait.It is above-mentioned Preparation should be completed by the end of March or at the beginning of 4 months.
2, cultural method
(1) seedling time and specification are thrown:
Penaeus Vannmei shrimp seedling is ten thousand tails of 2-3/mu in dispensing at the beginning of 5 months, specification 0.8-1cm, throw-in density, feeds cooperation Feed.Oyster throws the seedling time in mid or late May, is oyster morning seedling, the time is after launching shrimp seedling.Spat of oyster specification is 2-3mm, Seed number is advisable in each scallop piece attachment base with 30-40.Throw-in density be 100,000/per acre.It is lesser for area Shrimp ponds (10 mu or so), the mode that oyster culture takes raft formula lifting rope to cultivate in pond, can cultivate in central beach face or circular groove. The cultivation of raft formula lifting rope or raft formula cylinder mould breeding way can be used in shrimp ponds biggish for area.
(2) raft formula lifting rope cultural method:
The type and structure of culturing raft: culturing raft is single entry raft, i.e., by 1 floating well rope, 2 short wooden stakes and several float groups At length, that is, raft height of floating well rope.Specific method is to drive piles on the bank or among beach to fix in pond two sides, and polyethylene is floated well rope two End is fixed in stake.Floating ball is fixed on floating well rope, fixes a float every about 5m.Width about 8-10m between two column floats, It is kinked greatly with radix saposhnikoviae.Cultivation rope, that is, lifting rope length is depending on setting pond depth, general 1.5~2m.It is general to select diameter The polypropylene rope of 1.2~1.5cm of polyethylene rope or diameter of 0.6~0.8cm does cultivation rope.To have the fan of 10~20 juvenile mollusks Shell is clipped among seedling rope, each scallop shell spacing about 10cm.Specific method is fishing line to be passed through the hole beaten on scallop shell, then wear At away from knotting in the rope strand of 10cm or so and the fixation that knots, pass through the fixed a piece of scallop shell attachment base of fishing line.It is grown to oyster A certain size when mutually squeeze insert formed piece after, can be fixed on more firmly folder Miao Shengshang.Cultivation rope can also use No. 14 half carbon steels Shell string collector when collecting seedling is dismantled, the spacing of each shell Seedling culturing device is expanded to 20 again by line or No. 8 galvanized iron wires Centimetre, it goes here and there on forming rope.After cultivation rope is made, it can hang from above on buoyant raft.First Seedling culturing device in cultivation rope is in the water surface Lower about 20cm, each the distance between cultivation rope of going here and there is 20-30cm.
(2) raft formula cylinder mould cultural method:
Larger for area, the depth of water is greater than 3m, and the big pond of exchange of seawater amount is male in addition to being cultivated in the way of raft formula lifting rope Outside oyster, raft formula cylinder mould cultural method can also be used, i.e., be mounted in the oyster seedling being attached on shell in scallop cylinder mould together with shell, It hangs and is formed on raft frame again.The general oyster culture of every layer of cylinder mould 30 or so, can put 10~120,000 in a suitable place to breed per acre.To adding The growth of fast oyster, increases the yield per unit area, suffers from positive effect.The cultivation of raft formula cylinder mould is easier than lifting rope breeding way to make Adhere at fouling organism, thus needs to pay attention to and periodically cleared up.
3, harvest is formed
Shrimp ponds cultivation long oyster, generally November current year oyster can reach commercial specification, a height of 8-10cm of shell, yield Reach 1000-1200kg/ mus, can harvest at this time.Sea pond that can be overwintering larger for area, can be in the second year end of the year Harvest, a height of 11-12cm of shell, yield reach 1800-2000kg/ mus, and the culture-cycle from collecting seedling to harvest about 18~20 months.
Embodiment 2
A kind of pond solid polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei, specific as follows:
In May, 2017, Tianjin Dagang District shrimp culture pond 2, about 7 mu of area, depth of water 1.7m, pond inner ring ditch depth about 0.6 Rice carries out long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei mixed breeding.Seawater salinity 23-25, substrate are silt particle substrate.It puts the preceding clear bottom of shrimp ponds in a suitable place to breed, disappear Poison carries out rich water.
(1) throw the seedling time: Penaeus Vannmei shrimp seedling is ten thousand tails of 3-4/mu in dispensing at the beginning of 5 months, specification 0.8-1cm, density, Feed mixed feed.Oyster throws the seedling time in mid or late May, and spat of oyster specification is 2-3mm, seed in each scallop piece attachment base Number is 20-30.The mode that the cultivation of pond oyster takes raft formula lifting rope to cultivate, the fixed floating well rope of pond two sides piling, each Mono- floating ball of 5m, is fixed on floating well rope and buoyant raft is made.Seedling is hung in two sides and central circular groove position, by shell when collecting seedling when hanging seedling String Seedling culturing device is dismantled goes here and there in cultivation rope again, and cultivation rope length is 1.5-2 meters, amounts to 10-12 piece Seedling culturing device on a rope, hangs down It hangs on buoyant raft, first in cultivation rope Seedling culturing device is spaced about 30cm between underwater about 20cm, each string cultivation rope.It launches Density is 0.3 ten thousand pieces/mu (about 100,000/mu).
In September, 2017, by forming, Penaeus Vannmei reaches listing specification, and 250kg/ mus of specific yield.2017 12 Month, 1200kg/ mus of long oyster specific yield, average shell is up to compared to 86.8mm with single cultured prawn, whole economic efficiency Increase by 2000 yuan/mu.
Embodiment 3
A kind of pond solid polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei, specific as follows:
In May, 2017, Tianjin Dagang District seawater sedimentation basin 1, about 800 mu of area, 3-4 meters of the depth of water, seawater salinity 28- 29, carry out long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei mixed breeding.
(1) throw the seedling time: Penaeus Vannmei shrimp seedling is 1cm or so in dispensing at the beginning of 5 months, specification, and throw-in density is for 3-4 Ten thousand/mu feeds mixed feed.Oyster throws the seedling time as late May, and the time is after launching shrimp seedling and clam son seed.The spat of oyster Specification is 2-3mm, seed 30-40 in each scallop piece attachment base.Throw-in density be 100,000/per acre.A part uses raft Formula lifting rope mode oyster culture, pond two sides and the fixed floating well rope of central beach face piling, mono- floating ball of each 5m are fixed on floating well rope Buoyant raft is made.Shell string Seedling culturing device when collecting seedling is dismantled when hanging seedling and is gone here and there in cultivation rope again, cultivation rope length is 1.8-2.3 Rice, one rope on amount to 13-15 piece Seedling culturing device, hang from above on buoyant raft, first in cultivation rope Seedling culturing device underwater about 20cm is respectively spaced about 30cm between string cultivation rope.
Another part cultivates long oyster using cylinder mould, and the oyster seedling being attached on shell is mounted in scallop cylinder mould together with shell It is interior, then hang and formed on raft frame.The general oyster culture of every layer of cylinder mould 30 or so, can put 10~120,000 in a suitable place to breed per acre. A point cage is periodically carried out according to growing state, until in November current year, divide cage in overwintering preceding progress last time, oyster shell is up at this time To 80-90mm.Second year March continue a point cage according to oyster growing state and grow to November to harvest.
In September, 2017, Penaeus Vannmei reach listing specification, and 280kg/ mus of specific yield.In May, 2017 was to 2018 11 Month, by 18 months form, 2000kg/ mus of long oyster specific yield, average shell was up to 11.3cm.With single cultured prawn It compares, whole economic efficiency increases by 3000 yuan/mu.
Embodiment 4
Long oyster is used raft formula lifting rope by a kind of pond solid polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus Vannmei, the method Or raft formula cylinder mould breeding way is raised together with Penaeus Vannmei.
More preferably, steps are as follows:
(1) before launching seed, carry out disinfection to mixed breeding shrimp ponds and rich water, Penaeus Vannmei shrimp seedling are first launched, seed size For 0.8-1cm, throw-in density is ten thousand tails of 2-4/mu, feeds mixed feed;
(2) after shrimp seedling dispensing after 10 ± 1 days, long oyster seed is launched, and long oyster seed is oyster morning seedling, specification 2- 3mm, seed number 20-40 in each scallop piece attachment base, throw-in density is 100,000/per acre;For Ji≤10 mu Mian Shrimp ponds, the mode that oyster culture takes raft formula lifting rope to cultivate in pond support the shrimp ponds of Ji≤10 mu Mian using raft formula lifting rope It grows or raft formula cylinder mould breeding way is cultivated.
More preferably, for the shrimp ponds of Ji≤10 mu Mian, oyster cultivates in central beach face or circular groove in pond.
More preferably, the Penaeus Vannmei seed is launched in the first tenday period of a month in May, and oyster seed is launched in mid or late May.
More preferably, the mixed breeding shrimp ponds require the depth of water at 2 meters or more, and have and change outlet capacity, day quantity of exchanged water 20% with On, seawater salinity is not less than 20;
With the bolting silk Na Shui of 60 mesh, 1.5 kilograms of urea or 2.5~3 kilograms of ammonium nitrate are applied, per acre with fertile base bait.
More preferably, the bottom of pond matter of the mixed breeding shrimp ponds is silt particle bottom.
More preferably, the step (2) in raft formula lifting rope cultivation method particularly includes:
The culturing raft that raft formula lifting rope uses when cultivating is single entry raft, i.e., by 1 floating well rope, 2 short wooden stakes and several float groups At length, that is, raft height of floating well rope;
Specific method is to drive piles on the bank or among beach to fix in pond two sides, and polyethylene is floated well rope both ends and is fixed in stake; Floating ball is fixed on floating well rope, fixes a float every 5m;Width is 8-10m between two column floats, is kinked greatly with radix saposhnikoviae;It supports The rope i.e. length of lifting rope is grown depending on setting pond depth;
When cultivation rope is polyethylene rope or polypropylene rope, the scallop shell with 10~20 juvenile mollusks is clipped in Miao Shengzhong Between, each scallop shell spacing 10cm;Specific method is fishing line to be passed through the hole beaten on scallop shell, then be through at away from 10cm at knotting In rope strand and the fixation that knots, pass through the fixed a piece of scallop shell attachment base of fishing line;It, can after oyster grows to and squeezes slotting formation piece mutually It is securely fixed in folder Miao Shengshang;
When cultivation rope is half carbon steel line or galvanized iron wire, shell string collector when collecting seedling is dismantled, again each The spacing of shell Seedling culturing device is expanded to 20 centimetres, goes here and there on forming rope;After cultivation rope is made, it can hang from above on buoyant raft;
For first Seedling culturing device in cultivation rope in underwater 20cm, each the distance between cultivation rope of going here and there is 20-30cm.
More preferably, the length of the cultivation rope is 1.5~2m;The diameter of the polyethylene rope is 0.6~0.8cm, described The diameter of polypropylene rope is 1.2~1.5cm;The half carbon steel line is No. 14 half carbon steel lines, and the galvanized iron wire is No. 8 galvanized iron Line.
More preferably, the step (2) in raft formula cylinder mould cultivation method particularly includes: i.e. by the oyster seedling being attached on shell together with Shell is mounted in together in scallop cylinder mould, then is hung and formed on raft frame.
More preferably, every layer cylinder mould oyster culture 30 can put 10~120,000 in a suitable place to breed per acre.
Although disclosing the embodiment of the present invention for the purpose of illustration, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that: not Be detached from the present invention and spirit and scope of the appended claims in, various substitutions, changes and modifications be all it is possible, therefore, this The range of invention is not limited to the embodiment disclosure of that.

Claims (10)

1.一种长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:所述方法将长牡蛎采用筏式吊绳或筏式网笼养殖方式与南美白对虾进行混养。1. a pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus vannamei, is characterized in that: described method adopts raft type sling or raft type net cage culture mode to carry out polyculture with long oyster long oyster. 2.根据权利要求1所述的长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:步骤如下:2. the pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster according to claim 1 and Penaeus vannamei, is characterized in that: step is as follows: ⑴在投放苗种前,对混养虾池进行消毒及肥水,南美白对虾虾苗先投放,苗种规格为0.8-1cm,投放密度为2-4万尾/亩,投喂配合饲料;(1) Before placing the seed, disinfect and fertilize the polyculture shrimp pond, put the shrimp seed of Penaeus vannamei first, the seed size is 0.8-1cm, the seeding density is 20,000-40,000/mu, and the compound feed is fed; ⑵在虾苗投放后10±1天后,投放长牡蛎苗种,长牡蛎苗种为牡蛎早苗,规格为2-3mm,每个扇贝片附着基上苗种个数20-40个,投放密度为10万粒/每亩;对于面积≦10亩的虾池,池塘内牡蛎养殖采取筏式吊绳养殖的方式,对于面积≧10亩的虾池,采用筏式吊绳养殖或筏式网笼养殖方式进行养殖。(2) 10±1 days after the shrimp seedlings are put in, put the long oyster seedlings, the long oyster seedlings are early oyster seedlings, the size is 2-3mm, and the number of seedlings on the attachment base of each scallop slice is 20-40, and the seeding density is 100,000 grains per mu; for shrimp ponds with an area of ≤ 10 mu, oyster culture in the pond adopts raft sling culture, and for shrimp ponds with an area of ≥ 10 mu, raft sling culture or raft cage culture way of breeding. 3.根据权利要求2所述的长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:对于面积≦10亩的虾池,池塘内牡蛎在中央滩面或环沟内养殖。3. The pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus vannamei according to claim 2, is characterized in that: for the shrimp pond with area≤10 mu, the oyster in the pond is cultivated in the central beach surface or the ring groove. 4.根据权利要求2所述的长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:所述南美白对虾苗种在5月上旬投放,牡蛎苗种在5月中下旬投放。4. the pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus vannamei according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described Penaeus vannamei seed is put in in early May, and oyster seed is put in in the middle and late May. 5.根据权利要求2所述的长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:所述混养虾池要求水深在2米以上,并具有换水能力,日换水量在20%以上,海水盐度不低于20;5. the pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus vannamei according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described polyculture shrimp pond requires water depth to be more than 2 meters, and has water exchange ability, and daily water exchange amount is 20 meters. % or more, and the seawater salinity is not less than 20; 用60目的筛绢纳水,每亩施尿素1.5千克或硝酸铵2.5~3千克,以繁殖基础饵料。Use a 60-mesh sieve to absorb water, and apply 1.5 kg of urea or 2.5 to 3 kg of ammonium nitrate per mu to reproduce the basic bait. 6.根据权利要求5所述的长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:所述混养虾池的池底质为泥砂底。6. The pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus vannamei according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the pond bottom quality of described polyculture shrimp pond is mud sand bottom. 7.根据权利要求2所述的长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑵中筏式吊绳养殖的具体方法为:7. the pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster according to claim 2 and Penaeus vannamei, is characterized in that: the concrete method of raft type sling culture in described step (2) is: 筏式吊绳养殖时使用的养殖筏为单式筏,即由1条浮绠,2个橛子和若干个浮子组成,浮绠的长度即筏身长;The culture raft used in raft sling farming is a single raft, that is, it consists of a floating raft, two pegs and several floats, and the length of the floating raft is the length of the raft; 具体方法是在池塘两侧岸上或滩中间打桩固定,将聚乙烯浮绠两端固定在桩上;将浮球固定于浮绠之上,每隔5m固定一个浮子;两列浮子间宽度为8-10m,以防风大绞缠;养殖绳即吊绳的长度根据设置池塘深度而定;The specific method is to drive piles on both sides of the pond or in the middle of the beach, and fix both ends of the polyethylene float on the piles; fix the floating ball on the float, and fix a float every 5m; the width between the two rows of floats is 8 -10m, to prevent the wind from being twisted; the length of the breeding rope, that is, the hanging rope, depends on the depth of the pond; 当养殖绳为聚乙烯绳或聚丙烯绳时,将附有10~20个稚贝的扇贝壳夹在苗绳中间,每个扇贝壳间距10cm;具体方法为将鱼线穿过扇贝壳上打的孔,再穿于距打结处10cm的绳股中并打结固定,通过鱼线固定一片扇贝壳附着基;待牡蛎长到互相挤插形成朵后,能够牢固地固定在夹苗绳上;When the breeding rope is polyethylene rope or polypropylene rope, sandwich the scallop shell with 10 to 20 juveniles in the middle of the seedling rope, and the distance between each scallop shell is 10cm; the specific method is to pass the fishing line through the scallop shell and hit the Then thread it through the rope 10cm away from the knotted place and fix it with a knot, and fix a piece of scallop shell attachment base with a fishing line; when the oysters grow to be squeezed and inserted into each other to form a flower, they can be firmly fixed on the seedling clipping rope ; 当养殖绳为半碳钢线或镀锌铁线时,将采苗时的贝壳串采苗器拆开,重新把各个贝壳附苗器的间距扩大到20厘米,串在养成绳上;养殖绳制成后,即可垂挂在浮筏上;When the breeding rope is a semi-carbon steel wire or a galvanized iron wire, disassemble the shell string seedling harvester when picking seedlings, re-expand the distance between the shells attached to the seedling device to 20 cm, and string them on the growing rope; After completion, it can be hung on the floating raft; 养殖绳上的第一个附苗器在水面下20cm,各串养殖绳之间的距离为20-30cm。The first seedling attachment on the breeding rope is 20cm below the water surface, and the distance between each string of breeding ropes is 20-30cm. 8.根据权利要求7所述的长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:所述养殖绳的长度为1.5~2m;所述聚乙烯绳的直径为0.6~0.8cm,所述聚丙烯绳的直径为1.2~1.5cm;所述半碳钢线为14号半碳钢线,所述镀锌铁线为8号镀锌铁线。8. The pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus vannamei according to claim 7, characterized in that: the length of the culture rope is 1.5~2m; the diameter of the polyethylene rope is 0.6~0.8cm, The diameter of the polypropylene rope is 1.2-1.5 cm; the half-carbon steel wire is a 14-gauge half-carbon steel wire, and the galvanized iron wire is a 8-gauge galvanized iron wire. 9.根据权利要求2所述的长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:所述步骤⑵中筏式网笼养殖的具体方法为:即将附在贝壳上的蛎苗连同贝壳一起装在扇贝网笼内,再吊挂到筏架上进行养成。9. the pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster according to claim 2 and Penaeus vannamei, it is characterized in that: the concrete method of raft type net cage culture in described step (2) is: the oyster seedling that is about to be attached on the shell together with The shells are packed together in a scallop net cage and then hung on a raft for cultivation. 10.根据权利要求2所述的长牡蛎和南美白对虾的池塘立体混养方法,其特征在于:每层网笼养殖牡蛎30粒,每亩可放养10~12万粒。10. The pond three-dimensional polyculture method of long oyster and Penaeus vannamei according to claim 2, characterized in that: 30 oysters are cultured in each layer of net cage, and 100,000 to 120,000 oysters can be stocked per mu.
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CN110074026A (en) * 2019-06-03 2019-08-02 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 A kind of prawn pond ecological polyculturing method
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CN113349122A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-09-07 江苏省海洋水产研究所 Method for high yield of pond mixed culture of red shell clams and exopalaemon carinicauda

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