CN109674817B - 三氧化二砷在制备治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化药物中的用途 - Google Patents
三氧化二砷在制备治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了三氧化二砷在制备治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化药物中的用途。本发明首次将三氧化二砷引入晚期动脉粥样硬化的治疗中,运用其促进斑块中巨噬细胞自噬的机制,减小脂质核心的面积和炎症细胞的浸润,增加纤维帽的厚度,促进斑块的稳定性,来治疗动脉粥样硬化。本发明的提出为晚期动脉粥样硬化临床患者的治疗提供了除手术等有创治疗外的一种新型无创安全治疗手段,在提高患者的生存率和生活质量的同时,也减轻了急性心血管事件的发生率,并减少手术所消耗的人力,物力和财力,减轻了家庭和社会的医疗经济负担。综上所述,本发明为临床治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化提供了一种新型药物,能减少急性心血管事件的发生,具有一定的临床意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新的治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化的药物,特别涉及三氧化二砷在制备治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化药物中的用途。本发明属于医药技术领域。
背景技术
目前,我国每年死于心血管疾病的人数占疾病死亡总人数的40%以上,这其中大部分是死于冠心病的人。而动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)是导致心血管疾病的主要因素,所以预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化已经是重中之重,直接关系到我国居民的健康。目前临床用药主要是他汀类降脂药,以及抗凝药和溶栓药等辅助治疗药物。其对早期中期动脉粥样硬化有疗效,对晚期动脉粥样硬化没有很好的治疗效果,目前缺乏一种特效药来治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化,只能依靠手术来缓解疾病,这就加重了家庭医疗卫生支出,加重了家庭经济负担,进一步加重了社会和国家的负担。而手术风险导致患者死亡率并未显著降低,因此,寻找一种能治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化的新型药物迫在眉睫。
在各种因素如:高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、肥胖、遗传因素、吸烟、年龄、性别等因素的影响下,在血流湍急处,血管分叉处,血管弯曲处血管内膜内皮细胞被破坏,血液中的脂蛋白在内膜上开始积累,被氧化为ox-LDL,内皮细胞分泌NO,单核细胞趋化蛋白-1等黏附因子,导致血液中的单核细胞聚集到内膜下,并分化为巨噬细胞,巨噬细胞通过表面的清道夫受体(CD36)吞噬ox-LDL形成泡沫细胞,脂质在巨噬细胞内被分解为游离胆固醇储藏在胞质中,随着吞噬的增多,脂质的积累,泡沫细胞破裂,释放胞内胆固醇,形成斑块的脂质核心,随着时间进展,而斑块上覆盖着平滑肌细胞形成的纤维帽,主要成分为胶原纤维,而随着脂质核心的增大和纤维帽的变薄,斑块会发生破裂,导致内容物流出,血液中的血小板进行凝血作用,形成血栓,血栓可能脱落,进一步堵塞血管,导致急性心血管事件的发生。
关于动脉粥样硬化的治疗目前主要存在以下几种方式:动脉粥样硬化分为早期,中期和晚期。动脉粥样硬化早期,一般是指脂质条纹形成之初,患者没有明显的临床症状,基本不会吃药进行预防。随着疾病的发展,血管内形成纤维斑块最终形成粥样斑块堵塞血管,形成狭窄,这时会出现胸痛胸闷等心肌缺血的症状,随着疾病进展,形成冠状动脉粥样硬化,会导致心律失常,心绞痛,心肌梗死等症状,严重的可能导致猝死。这时就需要药物治疗,临床上治疗药物一般分为五类:①降脂药:他汀类。②抗凝药:肝素。③溶栓药:尿激酶和链激酶④扩血管药:硝普钠。⑤抗血小板药:阿司匹林。这些药物可以治疗中期动脉粥样硬化,能缓解疾病进程,一定程度上维持斑块的稳定性。当疾病发展到晚期,也就是血管狭窄程度达到75%以上,药物治疗效果不佳,而这时候的斑块极其不稳定,容易破裂,导致血栓形成,阻塞血管,导致严重的急性心血管事件的发生,这时药物治疗效果不佳,只能依靠手术,如对狭窄或闭塞动脉进行再通、重建或旁路移植等手术,也可行血管腔内放置支架等介入治疗。但是手术风险大,可能导致患者死亡,而且手术有创,不利于患者的恢复。
综上所述,目前缺乏一种能替代手术疗法来治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化的特效药物,因此,寻找一种能治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化的新型药物迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型的、能够有效治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化的药物。
三氧化二砷是一种无臭无味的白色霜状粉末,是一种古老的毒物,也是中药的一种,中医主要用于治疗痔疮,瘰疬,痈疽恶疮,走马牙疳,癣疮,寒痰哮喘,疟疾,休息痢。近年来,临床上用三氧化二砷来治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病和原发性肝癌,使其5年无病存活率达到95%以上。
本发明发明人意外的发现三氧化二砷(ATO)在治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化中能够取得明显的疗效,本发明发明人通过隔日腹腔注射晚期动脉粥样硬化小鼠一个月,发现能明显减少小鼠主动脉斑块脂质核心的面积,减少炎症细胞在斑块中的浸润和炎症因子的分泌,增加胶原纤维的含量和纤维帽的厚度,减少新生血管的形成,促进斑块的稳定性,达到治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化的效果。
上述实验操作具体包括以下步骤:
1、将出生一个月的C57BL/6且ApoE-/-的小公鼠高脂喂养三个月,建立晚期动脉粥样硬化模型鼠,主动脉窦斑块形成明显,脂质核心增大,形成胆固醇结晶,并发现纤维帽断裂,导致斑块破裂,血栓形成。
2、用三氧化二砷粉末配置0.05%w/v的ATO注射液,确定体内给药浓度为2.5mg/kg。
3、分为氯化钠注射组(对照组),阿托伐他汀2.5mg/kg注射组,三氧化二砷2.5mg/kg注射组,隔日腹腔注射,精确称量体重,确保给药剂量准确无误。
4、给药一个月后,取心脏进行冰冻切片切取主动脉窦区,进行病理油红O染色和Masson染色,可见病变面积明显减小,三氧化二砷组治疗效果明显。
5、体外应用巨噬细胞系RAW264.7运用多种技术验证三氧化二砷对巨噬细胞自噬的影响。
因此,在上述研究的基础上,本发明提出了三氧化二砷在制备治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化药物中的用途。
其中,优选的,所述的三氧化二砷通过促进斑块中巨噬细胞自噬,减小脂质核心的面积和炎症细胞的浸润,增加纤维帽的厚度,促进斑块的稳定性,来达到治疗动脉粥样硬化的作用。
其中,优选的,所述的药物为注射液。
相较于现有技术,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明首次将三氧化二砷引入晚期动脉粥样硬化的治疗中,运用其促进斑块中巨噬细胞自噬的机制,减小脂质核心的面积和炎症细胞的浸润,增加纤维帽的厚度,促进斑块的稳定性,来治疗动脉粥样硬化。而阿托伐他汀对晚期动脉粥样硬化模型鼠的治疗效果不明显。
2、本发明的提出为晚期动脉粥样硬化临床患者的治疗提供了除手术等有创治疗外的一种新型无创安全治疗手段,提高患者的生存率和生活质量的同时,也减轻了急性心血管事件的发生率。并减少手术所消耗的人力,物力和财力,减轻了家庭和社会的医疗经济负担。
综上所述,本发明为临床治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化提供了一种新型药物,能减少急性心血管事件的发生,具有一定的临床意义。
附图说明
图1为油红O检测小鼠主动脉窦血管斑块面积;
其中:左上图为NaCl注射组,右上图为ATO注射组,下图为NaCl注射组和ATO注射组小鼠主动脉窦血管斑块面积柱状图,如图所示,ATO注射组油红O面积与NaCl注射组相比明显减少,说明ATO能够减少脂质核心的面积。
图2为免疫组化检测斑块中巨噬细胞Marker-F4/80表达;
其中:左图为NaCl注射对照组,右图为ATO注射组,如图所示,ATO注射组主动脉窦斑块处巨噬细胞浸润明显少于对照组,结果表明ATO能够减少斑块中炎症巨噬细胞的浸润。
图3为病理Masson检测小鼠主动脉窦;
其中:左图为NaCl注射对照组,右图为ATO注射组,如图所示,ATO注射组主动脉窦斑块处胶原纤维含量明显高于对照组,结果表明ATO能够增加纤维帽厚度。
图4为免疫荧光观察斑块中LC3和P62的表达;
其中:左列图为NaCl注射对照组,右列图为ATO注射组,上行图为LC3与CD11b及DAPI免疫荧光图,下行图为P62与CD11b及DAPI免疫荧光图,如图所示,ATO注射组主动脉窦斑块LC3与巨噬细胞叠加明显高于对照组,而P62与巨噬细胞叠加明显低于对照组,结果表明ATO能促进晚期鼠斑块处巨噬细胞自噬。
图5为免疫荧光观察巨噬细胞LC3和P62的表达;
其中:该图为巨噬细胞系RAW264.7实验,左列图为对照组,中列图为ATO组,右列图为ATO+3-MA组,上行图为LC3与DAPI免疫荧光图,下行图为P62与DAPI免疫荧光图,如图所示,ATO组LC3明显高于对照组,而P62明显低于对照组,ATO+3-MA组平均荧光强度介于对照组和ATO组之间。结果表明ATO能促进巨噬细胞系RAW264.7自噬。
图6为巨噬细胞AO染色图;
其中:该图为巨噬细胞系RAW264.7进行AO染色实验,左图为对照组,中图为ATO组,右图为ATO+3-MA组。如图所示,ATO组自噬小体数量明显高于对照组,ATO+3-MA组自噬小体数量介于对照组和ATO组之间。结果表明ATO能促进巨噬细胞系RAW264.7自噬小体的形成。
图7为Real-time PCR检测不同浓度ATO对巨噬细胞自噬相关基因表达的影响;
其中:该图为巨噬细胞系RAW264.7进行qPCR实验,左图为自噬基因LC3,中图为自噬基因ATG5,右图为自噬基因ATG7。随着ATO给药浓度变化的实验图,如图所示,三种自噬相关基因都随着ATO给药浓度增加表达不断升高,结果表明ATO能促进自噬相关基因的表达。
图8为Western blotting检测巨噬细胞自噬相关蛋白。
其中:该图为巨噬细胞系RAW264.7进行WB实验,左图为ATO给药同一浓度(2.5μM),不同时间(0h,1h,2h,4h)对LC3I,LC3II和P62的影响。右图为ATO给药同一时间(2h),不同浓度(0μM,2.5μM,5μM,10μM)对LC3I,LC3II和P62的影响。如图所示,LC3II随着ATO给药时间的延长和给药浓度的增加不断增加,而P62随着ATO给药时间的延长和给药浓度的增加不断减少。结果表明ATO能促进巨噬细胞系RAW264.7自噬。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例和附图来进一步描述本发明,本发明的优点和特点将会随着描述而更为清楚。但这些实施例仅是范例性的,并不对本发明的范围构成任何限制。本领域技术人员应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围下可以对本发明技术方案的细节和形式进行修改或替换,但这些修改和替换均落入本发明的保护范围内。
实施例1三氧化二砷在治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化中的用途
方法:
1、构建晚期动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型:
选择健康C57BL/6背景的ApoE-/-小鼠,体重16-18g,用南京市玄武区必凯生物公司生产的高脂特配饲料喂养。三个月后取禁食水12h小鼠的血清进行血脂的检测;并剥离主动脉弓,血管病理油红O检测血管内斑块的产生,以明确晚期动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型建立成功。
2、实验分组及给药:
用三氧化二砷粉末配置0.05%w/v的ATO注射液,确定体内给药浓度为2.5mg/kg。将构建的小鼠模型随机分为三组,即氯化钠注射组,阿托伐他汀2.5mg/kg注射组,三氧化二砷2.5mg/kg注射组,隔日腹腔注射,精确称量体重,确保给药剂量准确无误。
给药一个月后,取心脏进行冰冻切片切取主动脉窦区,进行病理学实验和免疫荧光染色。
3、巨噬细胞培养及分组给药
将巨噬细胞系RAW264.7培养于37°,CO2浓度5%的孵箱中,用10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液培养,细胞状态良好时进行实验。
将培养的巨噬细胞系RAW264.7分为三组,即对照组、ATO组(ATO终浓度为2.5μM)以及ATO+3-MA组(ATO终浓度为2.5μM,3-MA终浓度为2.5mM),于37°,CO2浓度5%的孵箱中,用10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液培养2h,进行LC3和P62的免疫荧光染色分析及AO染色。
向培养的巨噬细胞系RAW264.7中分别加入终浓度为1.25μM,2.5μM,5μM,10μM的ATO,同时设不加药物的巨噬细胞系RAW264.7作为对照组,于37°,CO2浓度5%的孵箱中,用10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液培养2h,常规提取巨噬细胞基因组DNA,进行qPCR检测。
向培养的巨噬细胞系RAW264.7中加入终浓度为2.5μM的ATO,分别于37°,CO2浓度5%的孵箱中,用10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液培养0h,1h,2h,4h,常规提取巨噬细胞蛋白,进行Western blotting检测。
向培养的巨噬细胞系RAW264.7中分别加入终浓度为0μM,2.5μM,5μM,10μM的ATO,于37°,CO2浓度5%的孵箱中,用10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液培养2h,常规提取巨噬细胞蛋白,进行Western blotting检测。
4、油红O染色:
冰冻切片室温放置10min;4%PFA固定5min;PBS洗3次,每次5min;50%异丙醇孵育5min;油红孵育10min;蒸馏水洗3次,每次5min;苏木染核10min左右;自来水冲洗;水性封片剂封片。
5、免疫组化染色:
组织石蜡切片,烤片,脱腊至水,去掉内源的过氧化物酶,封闭,4℃孵育一抗过夜,洗掉一抗,室温孵育二抗1h,DAB染色,苏木染核,脱水,封片,镜下观察,目标区域拍片后软件分析。
6、Masson染色:
切片在室温下平衡20min;蒸馏水洗5min;Masson复合染液8min;0.2%醋酸水溶液稍洗;1%磷钨酸染30sec;0.2%醋酸水溶液洗2次;亮绿染液2min;0.2%醋酸水溶液洗2次;梯度酒精脱水;二甲苯透明;中性树胶封片。
7、免疫荧光染色:
取冰冻切片,冷丙酮固定10min,0.01M PBS浸洗;0.3%TritonX-100+0.5%BSA 37℃封闭30min;加一抗,4℃过夜;0.01M PBS洗去一抗;加二抗,室温1h,0.01M PBS浸洗;DAPI1min,0.01M PBS浸洗;封片,激光共聚焦系统成像。
8、AO染色:
巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞用2%PFA固定10min,1μg/ml的AO工作液染色10-15min,0.01M PBS洗三遍,每遍5min,染DAPI 1min,0.01M PBS洗三遍,每遍5min,镜下观察。
9、Real-time PCR(qPCR)检测
常规提取巨噬细胞基因组DNA,以提取的基因组DNA为模板,对自噬基因LC3,ATG5以及ATG7进行qPCR检测。
10、WB实验
常规提取巨噬细胞蛋白,用紫外分光光度计测蛋白浓度;组装胶板,制备电泳凝胶:分离胶7ml(ddH2O 2.24ml,30%丙烯酰胺2.8ml,1.5molTris-PH8.8 1.82ml,10%SDS70μl,10%AP 70μl,TEMD 2.8μl),浓缩胶3ml(ddH2O 2.1ml,30%丙烯酰胺495μl,1.0molTris-PH6.8 375μl,10%SDS30μl,10%AP 30μl,TEMD 3.0μl);灌分离胶,水封,灌浓缩胶,插加样梳;5μl蛋白+1μl 6×loading buffer,沸水浴5min;将胶放入电泳槽中,倒入电泳缓冲液,上样,接通电源,恒压:100V 15mA,15min转为120V,20mA,100min;转膜:3层滤纸+膜+胶+3层滤纸,恒流:I=面积×1.5,t=1h;转完膜加封闭液,放在摇床摇1h;加一抗,放在摇床摇5min,4℃过夜;洗涤液洗膜TBST 10min×3,TBS10min;加二抗,放在摇床摇2h;洗涤液洗膜TBST 10min×3,TBS10min;染色,避光,凝胶图像处理系统分析。
二、结果
1、构建晚期动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型:
检测结果发现,模型小鼠主动脉窦斑块形成明显,脂质核心增大,形成胆固醇结晶,并发现纤维帽断裂,血栓形成,导致斑块破裂,说明晚期动脉粥样硬化小鼠模型建立成功。
2、油红O检测小鼠主动脉窦血管斑块面积
结果如图1所示,如图所示,ATO注射组油红O面积与NaCl注射组相比明显减少,说明ATO能够减少脂质核心的面积。
3、免疫组化检测斑块中巨噬细胞Marker-F4/80表达
结果如图2所示,如图所示,ATO注射组主动脉窦斑块处巨噬细胞浸润明显少于对照组,说明ATO能减少炎症细胞的浸润。
4、病理Masson检测小鼠主动脉窦
结果如图3所示,如图所示,ATO注射组主动脉窦斑块处胶原纤维含量明显高于对照组,说明ATO能增加纤维帽厚度。
5、免疫荧光观察斑块中LC3和P62的表达
结果如图4所示,如图所示,ATO注射组主动脉窦斑块LC3与巨噬细胞叠加明显高于对照组,而P62与巨噬细胞叠加明显低于对照组,说明ATO能促进晚期鼠斑块处巨噬细胞自噬。
6、免疫荧光观察巨噬细胞中LC3和P62的表达
结果如图5所示,如图所示,ATO注射组巨噬细胞中LC3明显高于对照组,而P62明显低于对照组,3-MA组平均荧光强度介于对照组和ATO注射组之间。说明ATO能促进巨噬细胞系RAW264.7自噬。
7、巨噬细胞AO染色图
结果如图6所示,如图所示,ATO注射组自噬小体数量明显高于对照组,3-MA组自噬小体数量介于对照组和ATO注射组之间。说明ATO能促进巨噬细胞系RAW264.7自噬小体的形成。
8、Real-time PCR检测巨噬细胞自噬相关基因
结果如图7所示,如图所示,三种自噬相关基因都随着ATO给药浓度增加表达不断升高,说明ATO能促进自噬相关基因的表达。
9、Western blotting(WB)检测巨噬细胞自噬相关蛋白
结果如图8所示,如图所示,LC3II随着ATO给药时间的延长和给药浓度的增加不断增加,而P62随着ATO给药时间的延长和给药浓度的增加不断减少。说明ATO能促进巨噬细胞系RAW264.7自噬。
Claims (2)
1.三氧化二砷在制备通过促进斑块中巨噬细胞自噬,减小脂质核心的面积和炎症细胞的浸润,增加纤维帽的厚度,促进斑块的稳定性,来治疗晚期动脉粥样硬化的药物中的用途。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,其中,所述的药物为注射液。
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