CN109566647B - 一种含新烟碱类杀虫成分的噻唑膦组合物 - Google Patents
一种含新烟碱类杀虫成分的噻唑膦组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds
- A01N57/32—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N51/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds having the sequences of atoms O—N—S, X—O—S, N—N—S, O—N—N or O-halogen, regardless of the number of bonds each atom has and with no atom of these sequences forming part of a heterocyclic ring
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于农药领域,具体涉及一种含新烟碱类杀虫成分的噻唑膦组合物。其活性成分为:新烟碱类杀虫成分和噻唑膦。噻唑膦与新烟碱类杀虫成分的质量比可为:100:1‑100:50。本发明针对呋喃烟碱与噻唑膦的复配进行研究,发现新烟碱类杀虫成分与噻唑膦复配表现出良好的活性效果,将呋喃烟碱与噻唑膦进行复配,可以有效减缓噻唑膦日益加重的抗性问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药领域,具体涉及一种含新烟碱类杀虫成分的噻唑膦组合物。
背景技术
新型烟碱(氯代烟碱及硫代烟碱)主要与乙酰胆碱酯酶受体结合,通过抑制神经细胞突触后膜烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体活性,进而变现出对昆虫的毒效。与其它作用于乙酰胆碱受体的神经毒剂相比,新烟碱类在分子内有和乙酰胆碱酯酶受体结合的阳离子性和阴离子性两个结合位。
一直以来,新型烟碱必须有相当于烟碱吡啶环的含氮芳环,氯代烟碱的阴离子性结构为氯代吡啶环,硫代烟碱的阴离子性结构为含氯硫代吡啶环。呋喃烟碱类与氯代烟碱类(吡虫啉、噻虫啉、啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺)及硫代烟碱类(噻虫胺、噻虫嗪)相比,结构上产生了很大的变化。最为突出的一点是,阴离子性部位由含氯代吡啶环变成了含氧五元杂环化合物——呋喃。
不含有氯原子和芳环的呋喃烟碱虽然仍被归类为新型烟碱类杀虫剂,但其化学结构相较与烟碱已经完全改变。
在小剂量情况下,新烟碱类杀虫剂对包括哺乳动物、鸟类甚至蜜蜂在内的较大型生物并非致命,但会严重破坏蜜蜂导航、觅食、繁殖以及形成新蜂群的能力。2018年5月初,欧盟进行了投票表决,噻虫嗪、吡虫啉和噻虫胺三大新烟碱类杀虫剂因对蜜蜂有害而被禁用。
噻唑膦(fosthiazate)为有机磷类杀线虫剂,主要作用方式为抑制根结线虫乙酰胆碱酯酶的合成,可用于防治各类根结线虫、蚜虫等。自上世纪50年代起,就被广泛地应用于蔬菜、果树的根结线虫防治。由于有机磷类杀虫剂极为悠久的使用历史,靶标害虫的抗药性日趋严重,进入21世纪后,70%以上的有机磷类农药已被禁用。1996年,台湾地区就已发现根结线虫对噻唑膦已表现出较高的抗性。农民为了提高作物产量,往往采用更大剂量的农药制剂达到防治目的,于此伴随着农产品农药残留超标、环境威胁等问题。
降低靶标害虫对农药的抗药性、减少农药的施用量成为全行业亟需解决的问题。
目前,尚未出现关于呋喃烟碱与噻唑膦复配及应用的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含新烟碱类杀虫成分的噻唑膦组合物。
本发明所提供的含新烟碱类杀虫成分的噻唑膦组合物,其活性成分为:新烟碱类杀虫成分和噻唑膦。
所述新烟碱类杀虫成分可为:呋喃烟碱类化合物。
所述呋喃烟碱类化合物可为:呋虫胺、呋啶胺、氟吡呋喃酮及其他呋喃烟碱类化合物中的一种或几种。
所述杀虫组合物中,噻唑膦与新烟碱类杀虫成分的质量比可为:100:1-100:50,具体可为100:5-100:50、100:10-100:50、100:20-100:50、100:5、100:10、100:20或100:50。
所述组合物除含有上述活性成分外,还可加入表面活性剂、载体、辅料等制成各种剂型,如水剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、可溶性粉剂、可溶粒剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂、油悬浮剂或泡腾颗粒剂等。
优选地,制成可湿性粉剂、悬浮剂等。
制备时,按照常规工艺制备成所需的剂型即可。
所述剂型中新烟碱类杀虫成分和噻唑膦的含量,按纯原药质量计为10-30%。
新烟碱类杀虫成分在增强噻唑膦的性能中的应用也属于本发明的保护范围。
所述性能具体可为杀灭根结线虫的性能。
本发明还提供一种利用上述组合物杀灭根结线虫的方法。
本发明所提供的利用所述组合物杀灭根结线虫的方法,包括下述步骤:在植株移栽前,用由所述组合物配制的药液喷施挖好的苗穴,即可。
新烟碱类杀虫成分在减缓根结线虫对噻唑膦的抗性中的应用也属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明针对呋喃烟碱与噻唑膦的复配进行研究,发现新烟碱类杀虫成分与噻唑膦复配表现出良好的活性效果,将呋喃烟碱与噻唑膦进行复配,可以有效减缓噻唑膦日益加重的抗性问题。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行说明,但本发明并不局限于此。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;下述实施例中所用的试剂、材料等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、噻唑膦·呋虫胺可湿性粉剂
噻唑膦10%,呋虫胺2%,木质素磺酸钙5%,十二烷基硫酸钠2.6%、白炭黑2.4%、亚磷酸苯酯2.3%,高岭土33%、硅藻土42.7%,粉碎混合后制得有效成分为12%噻苯隆·呋虫胺可湿性粉剂。
实施例2、噻唑膦·氟吡呋喃酮悬浮剂
噻唑膦10%,氟吡呋喃酮2%,糖醛1%,聚氧烷基苯醚酯磷酸盐3.6%,丙二醇12%,黄嘌呤0.2%、聚烷基聚硅氧烷0.1%,水71.1%,采用湿法粉碎直至平均粒径达到体积平均粒径的3±0.5μm,得到有效成分为12%噻唑膦·氟吡呋喃酮悬浮剂。
实施例3、
试验时间:2017年3月10号-----2017年7月16日
试验地点:安阳市蔬菜所半地下室日光温室,上茬作物为黄瓜,且根结线虫发生较为严重。
试验方案:将噻唑膦与呋虫胺按一定比例复配,制成有效成分比为100:0、100:1、100:2、100:5、100:10、100:20、100:50等七种10%噻唑膦或噻唑膦与呋虫胺的总有效含量为10%的颗粒剂,每种比例重复两次,按亩用量1000克撒施使用。
试验操作
在番茄苗2-3叶1心期间,进行移栽。移栽前,用喷雾器将配置好的药液对挖好的苗穴进行喷施处理。移栽后在1-2个星期内观察药剂对番茄苗的缓苗是否有影响。在番茄打顶之后,每个处理挖取20株番茄,洗净根部后调查病害发生情况并计算病情指数,病情分级标准如下所示:
番茄根结线虫分级标准:
0级:无病害发生;
1级:5%以下根系有根瘤发生;
3级:6%-25%根系有根瘤发生;
5级:26%-50%根系有根瘤发生;
7级:51%-75%根系有根瘤发生;
9级:75%以上根系有根瘤发生至植株死亡。
试验结果
经过调查,不同处理的病情指数及防治效果如下表所示:
该地块上年度线虫危害严重,并未使用噻唑膦进行防治,所以100:0下的噻唑膦杀虫效果基本满足要求。由表中数据可知,在加入呋虫胺之后,相较于噻唑膦单剂使用,对提高噻唑膦的防治效果有比较明显的提高。
实施例4
试验时间:2018年1月13日
试验作物和防治对象:
温室黄瓜,防治黄瓜根结线虫。
试验环境和设施栽培条件:
试验田设在新乡市蔬菜研究所的一冬暖式日光温室内。试验田地势平坦,土壤肥沃,浇灌方便,耕作栽培管理一致。黄瓜栽种行距40-45cm,株距35-40cm。2017年该地块种植黄瓜曾用噻唑膦进行过根结线虫的防治试验。
试验方案:
将噻唑膦与氟吡呋喃酮按一定比例复配,制成有效成分比为100:0、100:1、100:2、100:5、100:10、100:20、100:50等七种总有效成分为10%的微囊悬浮剂,按亩用量1000毫升撒施使用。每组施用一次,空白对照1组,共8组处理。在黄瓜幼苗移栽时,将药剂分别按设计用量进行兑水,用常规电动喷雾器喷淋移栽穴,每小区用喷施药液4L(亩喷药液267L)。在配置药液或更换药液时要冲洗干净喷雾器。
调查方法:
平行随机3点取样,每点调查10株,每处理30株,调查发病率与病情指数,详见分级标准表。
表1:分级标准表
病情指数=∑(各级病株数×该病级值)/(调查总株数×最高级值)×100
安全性调查:
施药后3-7天,与空白对照比较,检查药剂对作物是否有药害,记录药害的类型和危害程度。观察生育期是否提前或推迟。此外,记录对作物有益的影响。
分析方法:
按常规方法计算防治效果,并用duncan新复极差法进行统计分析。
结果与分析:
发病率
表2:发病率分析
由表2可以看出,在不混配氟吡呋喃酮时,10%噻唑膦微囊悬浮剂制剂用量1000ml/亩对黄瓜根结线虫发病率防治效果并不理想,该地块由于较长时间使用噻唑膦,黄瓜根据线虫已表现出较高的抗药性,在添加氟吡呋喃酮之后,防治效果有了明显的提升,当噻唑膦与氟吡呋喃酮配比达100:50时,表现出非常明显的灭杀作用。
病情指数:
表3:病情指数分析
由表3可以看出,噻唑膦与氟吡呋喃酮以一系列比例复配后较噻唑膦单剂防治效果均有明显提高,其中100:1的防效相比于噻唑膦单剂提高了113%,100:2的防效相比于100:1略有所下降,但也明显高于噻唑膦单剂,100:5、100:10、100:20以及100:50的防治效果均在60%以上,其中,当噻唑膦与氟吡呋喃酮以100:50复配时,防治效果高达96.97%,从上述分析可以看出,添加氟吡呋喃酮之后,噻唑膦对根结线虫的防治效果明显增强,有效克服了根结线虫对噻唑膦的抗性。
Claims (3)
1.一种利用组合物杀灭黄瓜根结线虫的方法,包括:在植株移栽前,用组合物配制的药液喷施挖好的苗穴,即可;
所述组合物的活性成分为:新烟碱类杀虫成分和噻唑膦;
所述新烟碱类杀虫成分为氟吡呋喃酮;
所述组合物中,噻唑膦与氟吡呋喃酮的质量比为:100:50;
所述黄瓜根结线虫为对噻唑膦已表现出较高的抗药性的黄瓜根结线虫。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述组合物除含有活性成分新烟碱类杀虫成分和噻唑膦外,还通过加入辅料制成各种剂型。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述剂型为水剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、可溶性粉剂、可溶粒剂、水分散粒剂、悬浮剂、油悬浮剂、片剂或泡腾颗粒剂;
所述剂型中新烟碱类杀虫成分和噻唑膦的含量,按纯原药质量计为10-30%。
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| WO2011154494A2 (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-15 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Pesticidal mixtures comprising isoxazoline derivatives |
| CN103429086A (zh) * | 2012-07-03 | 2013-12-04 | 石原产业株式会社 | 杀害虫组合物以及害虫的防治方法 |
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