Background
The 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran is a natural product which is separated from plants and has various structures and various activities, attracts the attention of many scientists because of wide biological activity, and is a lead compound which can be used for drug development. Various natural products with 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran as a framework have various biological activities and pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial activity (J.Nat.Prod.2006,69, 121-19-124.), antioxidant activity (biosci.Biotechnol.biochem.2001,65, 1402-1405), antitumor activity (chem.Commun.2009,14,1879-1881.), antidiabetic activity (bioorg.Med.chem.Lett.2010,20, 5398-5401-1303-J.Nat.prod.2014, 77, 1297-1303-A). Therefore, the 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compound has important research significance in the aspects of biological activity and full-synthetic application of medicines or natural products. The methods reported to date for the synthesis of 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofurans are mainly achieved by catalytic coupling of expensive metal catalysts.
In 2004, the Gillmore topic group discovered a Pd-mediated process2(dba)3The substituted 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compound can be synthesized by constructing an intramolecular C-O bond through catalysis, and the yield is about 80%. However, this method requires the use of an expensive catalyst (org. Lett.2004,6, 4755-.
In 2004, Naito topic group found that trifluoroacetyl triflate and 4-dimethylaminopyridine catalyzed oxime ether compounds can be acylated and rearranged at 0 ℃ for 1.5-5 hours to obtain substituted 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compounds, and the yield is 15-99%. However, this process also has the disadvantage of requiring the use of expensive trifluoroacetyl triflate as catalyst (org. Lett.2004,6, 1761-1763.).
In 2006, the Sanz project group reported a method for synthesizing 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compounds. Cyclizing the product with carboxylic ester through lithium halogen exchange and benzyl methylene lithiation reaction, and dehydrating under the catalysis of indium chloride to obtain the substituted 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compound with the yield of 35-73% (J.Org.chem.2006,71, 4024-.
In 2011, 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compounds are obtained by the Jumbam project group through the cyclization reaction of 2-acetyl phenyl benzoate in tetrahydrofuran under the catalysis of titanium trichloride or titanium tetrachloride for 48 hours, and the yield is between 65 and 76 percent (Bull. chem. Soc. Ethiop.2011,25, 157-160.).
In 2015, Chung project group obtained 40% yield of 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compounds by coupling reaction of 3-methylbenzofuran and iodobenzene under catalysis of palladium acetate and silver carbonate (chem.Commun.,2015,51, 14543-14546.).
In 2015, the Li group obtained 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compounds (J.Org.chem.2015,80,10686-10693) by rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation of N-phenoxyacetamide.
In summary, natural products of 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran have various structures, have various biological activities, and have very important functions in many aspects, and known reaction conditions for synthesizing 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran analogues require expensive catalysts, and the solvents pollute the environment. According to the atom economy principle of the reaction, the most ideal, economical and green reaction should avoid the use of expensive catalysts and environmentally-polluting solvents and reduce the production of environmentally-unfriendly by-products. However, no such process is known in the art which does not require a catalyst or solvent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of expensive catalyst and serious environmental pollution in the prior art, and provide a novel method for synthesizing the 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compound by taking the 3-benzofuran methyl phenyl ether compound as a substrate, not requiring a catalyst and a solvent, and adding silica gel as an additive, so that the reaction temperature can be reduced, the reaction yield can be improved, and the 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compound can be synthesized through a rearrangement reaction.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the method comprises the following steps of carrying out mitsunobu reaction on a 3-benzofuran methanol compound and a phenol compound under the condition of no catalyst and no solvent heating to prepare 3-benzofuran methyl phenyl ether, and carrying out rearrangement on the 3-benzofuran methyl phenyl ether to obtain the 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compound. The chemical reaction formula is shown as follows:
wherein R is1,R2Is hydrogen, benzyloxy, C1-C4An alkoxy group.
The preparation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. charging of
Adding a 3-benzofuran methyl phenyl ether substrate into a round-bottom flask, adding a reaction medium with the molar volume dosage of 1-10 times that of the substrate, adding silica gel with the dosage of 1-3 times of the weight ratio, and evaporating the medium by a rotary evaporator. The reaction medium is as follows: dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, preferably: dichloromethane in an amount of: 1 to 10 times, preferably 5 times the molar volume of the substrate. 2. Reaction of
Stirring the mixture for reaction at the temperature of 120-160 ℃, wherein the reaction time is 3-5h, and detecting the reaction process by thin layer chromatography. The developing agent for thin-layer chromatography is petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, water or a mixture of two or three of the above, wherein petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v: 50/1-2/1) or n-hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v: 50/1-2/1) or petroleum ether/n-hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v/v: 25/25/1-1/1/1) is preferred
3. Post-treatment of the reaction solution
And (3) directly carrying out column chromatography separation and purification on the cooled reactant and a reaction mixture by using silica gel to obtain a target product, wherein the developing agent system is as follows: petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol, chloroform, dichloromethane, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, water or a mixture of two or three of them, wherein a petroleum ether/ethyl acetate (v/v: 50/1-2/1) or n-hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v: 50/1-2/1) system or a petroleum ether/n-hexane/ethyl acetate (v/v/v: 25/25/1-1/1/1) system is preferable.
The invention has the advantages that 2-phenyl-3-methyl benzofuran compounds can be generated from 3-benzofuran methyl phenyl ether without heating a catalyst and a solvent, the reaction application range is wider, the substrate is cheap and easy to obtain, and the reaction operation is simple and convenient. Compared with the synthesis method of the 2-phenyl-3-methylbenzofuran compound in the prior art, the method conforms to the concept of green chemistry and also ensures higher reaction yield.
Detailed Description
The advantages and the preparation of the present invention will be better understood in connection with the following examples, which are intended to illustrate, but not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Dissolving a substrate 1(1mmol) in mesitylene (2mL), heating the reaction mixture to 180 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours, and separating by using a flash column chromatography method after the reaction is finished to obtain a target product a with the yield of 35%. The reaction equation is as follows:
spectral data for product a were:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=8.4Hz,5H),7.33(m,2H),7.25(m,5H),7.08(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.97(dd,J=8.5,2.2Hz,1H),6.32(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.29(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),5.93(s,1H),5.12(s,2H),5.04(s,2H),5.02(s,2H),2.09(s,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ161.7,158.6,157.3,156.7,155.6,143.9,137.1,136.8,136.7,128.8,128.7,128.6,128.3,128.1,127.8,127.7,127.6,127.1,124.1,119.7,115.8,112.2,100.4,97.3,94.7,94.2,70.8,70.6,70.30,9.26;HRMS(ESI):m/z:Calcd.for C36H30O5[M+H]+543.2166,Found 543.2173。
example 2
Substrate 1(1mmol) was dissolved in toluene (2mL) and ZnCl was added2(0.2mmol,27mg) of Triton, andheating the reaction mixture to 140 ℃, stirring and reacting for 4 hours, and separating by using a flash column chromatography method after the reaction is finished to obtain a target product a with the yield of 40%. The reaction equation is as follows:
spectral data for product a were:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=8.4Hz,5H),7.33(m,2H),7.25(m,5H),7.08(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.97(dd,J=8.5,2.2Hz,1H),6.32(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.29(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),5.93(s,1H),5.12(s,2H),5.04(s,2H),5.02(s,2H),2.09(s,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ161.7,158.6,157.3,156.7,155.6,143.9,137.1,136.8,136.7,128.8,128.7,128.6,128.3,128.1,127.8,127.7,127.6,127.1,124.1,119.7,115.8,112.2,100.4,97.3,94.7,94.2,70.8,70.6,70.30,9.26;HRMS(ESI):m/z:Calcd.for C36H30O5[M+H]+543.2166,Found 543.2173。
example 3
Dissolving the substrate 1(1mmol) in dichloromethane (2mL), adding silica gel (1g), distilling under reduced pressure to evaporate dichloromethane to dryness, heating the reaction mixture to 140 ℃, stirring for reaction for 4 hours, and separating by using a flash column chromatography method after the reaction is finished to obtain the target product a with the yield of 75%. The reaction equation is as follows:
spectral data for product a were:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.46(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.42(d,J=7.1Hz,2H),7.39(t,J=8.4Hz,5H),7.33(m,2H),7.25(m,5H),7.08(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.97(dd,J=8.5,2.2Hz,1H),6.32(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),6.29(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),5.93(s,1H),5.12(s,2H),5.04(s,2H),5.02(s,2H),2.09(s,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ161.7,158.6,157.3,156.7,155.6,143.9,137.1,136.8,136.7,128.8,128.7,128.6,128.3,128.1,127.8,127.7,127.6,127.1,124.1,119.7,115.8,112.2,100.4,97.3,94.7,94.2,70.8,70.6,70.30,9.26;HRMS(ESI):m/z:Calcd.for C36H30O5[M+H]+543.2166,Found 543.2173。
example 4
The reaction substrate 1 was changed to the reaction substrate 2, and the same procedure as in example 3 was repeated to give the objective compound b in a reaction yield of 63%. The reaction equation is as follows:
spectral data for product b were:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.47(t,J=8.3Hz,4H),7.42(m,5H),7.35(m,3H),7.09(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.01(dd,J=8.5,2.1Hz,1H),6.96(s,1H),6.69(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.66(dd,J=8.5,2.5Hz,1H),5.14(s,2H),5.10(s,2H),2.34(s,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ155.5,136.9,136.8,129.9,128.8,128.2,128.1,127.7,126.6,119.6,112.6,112.0,110.0,108.0,103.0,97.2,70.8,70.2,9.3;HRMS(ESI):m/z:Calcd.for C29H24O4[M+H]+437.1747,Found 437.1750。
example 5
The reaction substrate 1 was changed to the reaction substrate 3, and the same procedure as in example 3 was repeated to give the objective compound c in a reaction yield of 79%. The reaction equation is as follows:
spectral data for product c were:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.61(s,1H),7.53(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.47(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.41(t,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.35(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.22(t,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.11(d,J=2.2Hz,1H),7.00(dd,J=8.0,2.2Hz,1H),6.63(dd,J=8.0,2.1Hz,1H),6.58(t,J=2.1Hz,1H),6.56(dd,J=8.2,2.2Hz,1H),5.15(d,J=0.6Hz,2H),5.12(s,2H),3.80(s,3H);13C NMR(150MHz,CDCl3)δ161.0,16.0,157.5,156.6,142.5,136.9,130.1,128.8,128.2,127.6,120.5,120.4,116.8,112.8,106.9,109.8,101.5,97.5,70.7,61.4,55.4;HRMS(ESI):m/z:Calcd.for C23H20O4[M+H]+361.1434,Found 361.1439。