CN109367184A - 一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料及其生产工艺，所述面料包括布料基材、高密度防水层、纳米拒水镀层，该高密度防水层是通过热压复合方式结合于布料基材的表面，该纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在高密度防水层上，该纳米拒水镀层的表面能有10‑15达因。本发明经过真空纳米镀膜技术处理不但可以让织物具备极佳的防水疏水功能，同时可很好地保持织物原有的特性(保暖性，透气性，舒适性，轻便性等)。由于是纳米级镀膜，所以材料用量很少而且可以采用廉价的材料，因此具有低成本的优势。更重要的是整个处理过程不会有不良副产物的产生，是绿色环保的，而且膜层本身也具有稳定不易分解的特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防水材料领域技术，尤其是指一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料及其生产工艺。
背景技术
纺织品从手工生产到机械生产的进步和材料技术的发展都使服装材料不断的更新换代。随着科学技术的发展，陆续赋予了纺织品防水，防蛀、防缩、防污和阻燃等性能，从而为服装增添了许多新功能。随着时代的发展和科学的进步，消费者审美意识与知识结构的改变，消费者对服装的各种需求也不断发生着变化。人们希望服装面料既能够防水、防油、防污及其他脏物，同时又保持原有的使用和舒适特性。
目前国际上有一些技术能做到使服装面料在部分保持原有的面料特性的同时，又能够防水、防油、防污及其他脏物，这些技术大致可以分为以下三种：
一、通过纤维遇水膨胀来实现防水。最早的防水织物是著名的文泰尔 (Ventile)织物。当织物干燥时，经纬纱线间的间隙较大，大约10微米，能提供高度透湿的结构；当雨或水淋织物时，棉纱膨胀，使得纱线间的间隙减至3～4微米，这一闭孔机制同特殊的拒水整理相结合，保证织物不被雨水进一步渗透。但是，在长期使用后存在面料透气性下降、柔软性变差、舒适性变差、且价格相对较高，难以成为市场的主流。目前该类面料早已被其它防水透湿面料所取代。
二、通过涂层来实现防水。采用涂层工艺技术，将各种各样具有防水功能的涂层剂涂敷在织物的表面上，使织物表面孔隙被涂层剂封闭或减小到一定程度，从而得到防水性。涂层面料的价格低，而被广泛使用。但是由于其防水透湿性能较差，遇高温会变硬，时间久了会老化，严重污垢无法彻底洗净，涂层容易在洗涤过程中产生开裂，手感也不能令人满意，市场占有率正在逐步的减少。
三、通过层压防水膜来实现防水。美国GORE公司利用聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)成为第一家生产出该膜的公司，与织物进行复合层压后取商品名为 GORE-TEX。但是由于PTFE具有非常强的化学惰性，几乎没有什么材料可以将它与其它织物很好地层压在一起，第一代面料牢度非常差。后来，经过不断的努力，通过与其它亲水薄膜层压在一起成为复合薄膜，并在膜上进行特殊处理，牢度才提高。虽然PTFE面料防水透湿性能较其它面料出色，但是，也由于其本身的化学惰性，薄膜难以被自然界降解，燃烧温度高达405℃，大规模的应用使得GORE-TEX渐渐成为环境的杀手。当今低碳绿色环保已成为国际社会的共识，GORE-TEX的环保问题将是其发展的瓶颈，但其水洗牢度仍需提高，如果没有与亲水性薄膜复合，水洗牢度一般只能5次左右。同时通过层压后，面料的悬垂性、透气性、柔软性、贴身性和轻便性有一定的损失。
鉴于以上的这些情况，各国的科研工作者和业内人士都在谋求透气性更好、穿着更舒适、易于去除污垢、生产工艺更简便的防水面料技术。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明针对现有技术存在之缺失，其主要目的是提供一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料及其生产工艺，经过真空纳米镀膜技术处理不但可以让织物具备极佳的防水疏水功能，同时可很好地保持织物原有的特性(保暖性，透气性，舒适性，轻便性等)。由于是纳米级镀膜，所以材料用量很少而且可以采用廉价的材料，因此具有低成本的优势。更重要的是整个处理过程不会有不良副产物的产生，是绿色环保的，而且膜层本身也具有稳定不易分解的特性。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下之技术方案：
一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料，包括布料基材、高密度防水层、纳米拒水镀层，该高密度防水层是通过热压复合方式结合于布料基材的表面，该纳米拒水镀层采用真空镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在高密度防水层上，该纳米拒水镀层的表面能有10-15达因。
作为一种优选方案，所述布料基材的结构为平织物、针织物、非织物、网眼布及三明治结构中的任一种；布料基材所采用的纤维为聚酯纤维、尼龙、聚丙烯纤维及再生纤维中的任一种。
作为一种优选方案，所述高密度防水层是在塑料膜原料中加入无机填料，利用在拉伸过程中无机填料微粒与正在定型的塑料膜基体结合处形成微孔的原理，这些微孔尺寸为亚纳米级，即在1平方厘米的面积上可分布上亿个微孔，这些微孔构成了允许气体通过的通道，从而实现高密度防水层的透气性能。
作为一种优选方案，所述塑料膜原料是PTFE、PE、PC或TPU熔融浆料。
作为一种优选方案，所述无机填料为碳酸钙或滑石粉，粒径为1～10 微米。
作为一种优选方案，所述纳米拒水镀层是氟碳化物、硅氧烷类单体、含氟单体及含有-CF3官能基的有机物与纳米银离子组合物。
作为一种优选方案，在超高分辨率显微镜下可以清晰看到，纳米拒水镀层表面上有许多微小的乳突，乳突的平均大小约为10微米，平均间距约 12微米；而每个乳突有许多直径为180-200纳米的突起组成的，在纳米拒水镀层表面上布满着一个挨一个隆起的小山包，在小山包顶又长出一个馒头状的凸顶。因此，在小山包间的凹陷部份充满着空气，这样就在紧贴纳米拒水镀层上形成一层极薄，只有纳米级厚的空气层。
一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料的生产工艺，包括以下步骤 S1，生产出布料基材
S2，生产高密度防水层：
1)先，取TPU料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入无料填料碳酸钙，按常规成膜方式生产出TPU薄膜，并且卷覆成TPU料卷；
2)然后，将TPU料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，并且施加碾压和振动，使得碳酸钙微粒与TPU膜层脱离，脱离后原有的碳酸钙微粒所在位置形成微孔，微孔的孔径允许空气透过但不允许水珠穿过，制成高密度防水层；
3)将高密度防水层热压复合在布料基材表面；
S3，将复合了高密度防水层的布料基材放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，然后通入带有氟碳化物、硅氧烷类单体、含氟单体及含有-CF3官能基的有机物与纳米银离子工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在高密度防水层上，在高密度防水层的表面上镀上一层或多层纳米拒水镀层。
作为一种优选方案，S3步骤中，真空镀膜为低温镀膜，温度控制在20-25℃。
本发明与现有技术相比具有明显的优点和有益效果，具体而言，由上述技术方案可知，本发明的真空纳米电镀防水透气面料具有防水和透气双重性能，在水汽的状态下，水颗粒非常细小，根据毛细运动的原理，可以顺利渗透到高密度防水层到另一侧，加上纳米拒水镀层不会对高密度防水层的结构破坏，电镀后高密度防水层的微孔没有被镀膜堵塞、堆积，从而可以无阻碍地发生透汽现象。当水汽冷凝变成水珠后，颗粒变大，由于水珠表面张力的作用(水分子之间互相“拉扯抗衡”)，水分子就不能顺利脱离水珠渗透到另一侧，加上本发明的纳米拒水镀层使面料表面的WCA 达 150度以上，为超疏水级，也就是防止了水的渗透发生，使面料有了防水和透气双重功能。
为更清楚地阐述本发明的结构特征和功效，下面结合附图与具体实施例来对本发明进行详细说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明之实施例的真空纳米电镀防水透气面料的示意图。
图2是本发明之实施例的高密度防水层在拉伸状态下的示意图。
图3是本发明之实施例的纳米拒水镀层在高分辨率显微镜下的图像。
图4是本发明之实施例的纳米拒水镀层的防水功能示意图。
图5是本发明之实施例的用于步骤S3中的真空电镀设备示意图。
图6是本发明之实施例的真空纳米电镀防水透气面料进行防水实验的效果图。
图7是本发明之实施例的真空纳米电镀防水透气面料的透气性能实验数据图。
附图标识说明：
1、布料基材 2、高密度防水层
21、塑料膜原料 22、无机填料
3、纳米拒水镀层 31、乳突
32、凸顶 33、空气层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的和技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例作详细说明。
本发明的一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料，包括布料基材1、高密度防水层2、纳米拒水镀层3。该高密度防水层2是通过热压复合方式结合于布料基材1的表面，该纳米拒水镀层3采用真空镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在高密度防水层2上，该纳米拒水镀层3的表面能有10-15达因。
如图1所示，其中，所述布料基材1的结构为平织物、针织物、非织物、网眼布及三明治结构中的任一种；布料基材1所采用的纤维为聚酯纤维、尼龙、聚丙烯纤维及再生纤维中的任一种。为了增加保护性和耐用性，还可以将布料基材1复合为多层。
如图2所示，所述高密度防水层2是在塑料膜原料21中加入无机填料22，利用在拉伸过程中无机填料22微粒与正在定型的塑料膜基体结合处形成微孔的原理，这些微孔尺寸为亚纳米级，即在1平方厘米的面积上可分布上亿个微孔，这些微孔构成了允许气体通过的通道，从而实现高密度防水层2的透气性能。本实施例中，所述塑料膜原料21是PTFE、PE、PC或TPU熔融浆料。所述无机填料22为碳酸钙或滑石粉，粒径为1～10微米。
所述纳米拒水镀层3是氟碳化物、硅氧烷类单体、含氟单体及含有-CF3 官能基的有机物与纳米银离子组合物。
如图3和图4所示，以真空纳米电镀的方式结合于高密度防水层2以后，在超高分辨率显微镜下可以清晰看到，纳米拒水镀层3表面上有许多微小的乳突31，乳突31的平均大小约为10微米，平均间距约12微米；而每个乳突 31有许多直径为180-200纳米的突起组成的，在纳米拒水镀层3表面上布满着一个挨一个隆起的小山包，在小山包顶又长出一个馒头状的凸顶32。因此，在小山包间的凹陷部份充满着空气，这样就在紧贴纳米拒水镀层3上形成一层极薄，只有纳米级厚的空气层33。这就使得在尺寸上远大于这种结构的灰尘、雨水等降落在纳米拒水镀层3表面上后，隔着一层极薄的空气，只能同纳米拒水镀层3表面上小山包的凸顶32形成几个点接触。雨点在自身的表面张力作用下形成球状，水球在滚动中吸附灰尘，并滚出纳米拒水镀层3表面，从而能自洁净。并且由于原料中加入了纳米银离子，还使得纳米拒水镀层3同时具有杀菌、抗菌功能。
本发明生产和制作上述真空纳米电镀防水透气面料的生产工艺，包括以下步骤S1，生产出布料基材1，可以选用现有成熟技术，在此不再赘述。
S2，生产高密度防水层2，包括以下步骤：
1)先，取TPU料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入无料填料碳酸钙，按常规成膜方式生产出TPU薄膜，并且卷覆成TPU料卷；
2)然后，将TPU料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，并且施加碾压和振动，使得碳酸钙微粒与TPU膜层脱离，脱离后原有的碳酸钙微粒所在位置形成微孔，微孔的孔径允许空气透过但不允许水珠穿过，制成高密度防水层2；
3)将高密度防水层2热压复合在布料基材1表面。
S3，参见图5，将复合了高密度防水层2的布料基材1放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，然后通入带有氟碳化物、硅氧烷类单体、含氟单体及含有-CF3 官能基的有机物与纳米银离子工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在高密度防水层2上，在高密度防水层2的表面上镀上一层或多层纳米拒水镀层3。其中，真空镀膜为低温镀膜，温度控制在20-25℃，不会破坏布料基材1和高密度防水层2的原始结构。
防水性实验测试参见图6，将水滴/散在面料表面，水珠没有渗入疏水镀膜面料，而是以水珠形式在面料表面停留或者滚动。是因为本发明的面料表面利用其真实电镀形成的特定纹理，基于纳米级特性，能保留空气来获得超疏水，所做布料经过接触角测量仪检测，WCA达150度以上，为超疏水级。
透气性实验参见图7，取一杯热水，将本发明的布料罩在水杯的开口处，用雾度仪检测透过布料的水蒸气/空气透过量。实验表明，无论是镀膜前还是镀膜后，此面料均可以使内部水汽迅速排出，这样可以避免结构孳生霉菌，同时人体散发的汗液却能以水蒸汽的形式通过面料传导到外界，从而避免汗液积聚冷凝在体表与面料之间，并保持人体始终干爽，使穿着非常舒适。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明的技术范围作任何限制，故凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何细微修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料，其特征在于：包括布料基材、高密度防水层、纳米拒水镀层，该高密度防水层是通过热压复合方式结合于布料基材的表面，该纳米拒水镀层采用真空纳米镀膜方式沉积一层薄膜在高密度防水层上，该纳米拒水镀层的表面能有10-15达因。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料，其特征在于：所述布料基材的结构为平织物、针织物、非织物、网眼布及三明治结构中的任一种；布料基材所采用的纤维为聚酯纤维、尼龙、聚丙烯纤维及再生纤维中的任一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料，其特征在于：所述高密度防水层是在高分子膜原料中加入无机填料，利用在拉伸过程中无机填料微粒与正在定型的高分子膜基体结合处形成微孔的原理，这些微孔尺寸为亚纳米级，即在1平方厘米的面积上可分布上亿个微孔，这些微孔构成了允许气体通过的通道，从而实现高密度防水层的透气性能。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料，其特征在于：所述高分子膜原料是PTFE、PE、PC或TPU熔融浆料。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料，其特征在于：所述无机填料为碳酸钙或滑石粉，粒径为1～10微米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料，其特征在于：所述纳米拒水镀层是氟碳化物、硅氧烷类单体、含氟单体及含有CF4、-CF3官能基的有机物与纳米银离子组合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料的生产工艺，其特征在于：在超高分辨率显微镜下可以清晰看到，纳米拒水镀层表面上有许多微小的乳突，乳突的平均大小约为10微米，平均间距约12微米；而每个乳突有许多直径为180-200纳米的突起组成的，在纳米拒水镀层表面上布满着一个挨一个隆起的小山包，在小山包顶又长出一个馒头状的凸顶。因此，在小山包间的凹陷部份充满着空气，这样就在紧贴纳米拒水镀层上形成一层极薄，只有纳米级厚的空气层。
8.一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料的生产工艺，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
S1，生产出布料基材
S2，生产高密度防水层：
1)先取TPU料粒原料置入热融机中搅拌、融化，再加入无料填料碳酸钙，按常规成膜方式生产出TPU薄膜，并且卷覆成TPU料卷；
2)然后，将TPU料卷横向拉伸2-3倍或纵向拉伸2-3倍，并且施加碾压和振动，使得碳酸钙微粒与TPU膜层脱离，脱离后原有的碳酸钙微粒所在位置形成微孔，微孔的孔径允许空气透过但不允许水珠穿过，制成高密度防水层；
3)将高密度防水层热压复合在布料基材表面；
S3，将复合了高密度防水层的布料基材放入镀膜设备的真空仓体内的卷轴上，关闭仓门，然后打开真空泵，将仓体内压力降到要求的压力值，腔体设有保温层和恒温系统，然后通入带有氟碳化物、硅氧烷类单体、含氟单体及含有CF4、-CF3官能基的有机物与纳米银离子工艺气体，在真空、电场、温度、磁场条件的催化下，工艺气体分解成自由基和原子并带电，然后聚合在高密度防水层上，在高密度防水层的表面上镀上一层或多层纳米拒水镀层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种真空纳米电镀防水透气面料的生产工艺，其特征在于：S3步骤中，真空镀膜为低温镀膜，温度控制在35-55℃恒温镀膜。
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| CN114532626A (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-05-27 | 高梵(浙江)信息技术有限公司 | 一种无缝式羽绒服及其制作方法 |
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