CN109347732B - Vehicle and its central gateway, control system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle and a central gateway and a control system thereof, and relates to the field of vehicles. The central gateway may include: the controller comprises a circuit board, at least one Ethernet transceiver, at least one controller area network transceiver, a plurality of crystal oscillators, a controller, at least one first interface corresponding to the Ethernet transceiver and at least one second interface corresponding to the controller area network transceiver, wherein the at least one Ethernet transceiver, the at least one controller area network transceiver, the plurality of crystal oscillators and the controller are integrated on the circuit board. Each transceiver is connected with the controller and an interface respectively. Each ethernet transceiver and the controller are connected to a corresponding one of the crystal oscillators. Each transceiver may transmit signals between the controller and the interface. And the ground layer of the circuit board is provided with a hollowed area, and the orthographic projection of each crystal oscillator on the ground layer is positioned in the hollowed area. Therefore, each crystal oscillator can be effectively isolated from the stratum in the circuit board, and the anti-interference capability of the central gateway and the accuracy of data transmission can be improved.

Description

Vehicle and its central gateway, control system

technical field

The invention relates to the field of vehicles, in particular to a vehicle, a central gateway and a control system thereof.

Background technique

The central gateway (control gateway, CGW) in the vehicle is the central node for data transmission within the vehicle. All electronic control units (electronic control units, ECUs) in the vehicle are connected to the CGW, and each ECU exchanges data through the CGW.

In the related art, a controller, multiple transceivers and multiple interfaces are provided in the CGW, and each transceiver is respectively connected to the controller and one interface. Each of the plurality of interfaces can be connected to one ECU.

However, with the enrichment of vehicle functions, the number of ECUs set in the vehicle is also increasing, and the data transmission rate is also increasing. As a result, when data is exchanged through the CGW, the interference between various data is large, and the CGW transmits data. of lower accuracy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The embodiments of the present invention provide a vehicle, its central gateway, and a control system, which can solve the problem of low accuracy of data transmission by CGW in the related art. The technical solution is as follows:

In one aspect, a central gateway of a vehicle is provided, the central gateway comprising: a circuit board, and at least one Ethernet transceiver, at least one controller area network transceiver, multiple crystal oscillators, at least one Ethernet transceiver, at least one controller area network transceiver integrated on the circuit board, a controller, at least one first interface in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one Ethernet transceiver, and at least one second interface in a one-to-one correspondence with the at least one controller area network transceiver;

Each of the Ethernet transceivers is respectively connected with the controller, one of the crystal oscillators and a corresponding one of the first interfaces, the controller is connected with one of the crystal oscillators, and each of the Ethernet transceivers is used for Under the control of the clock signal provided by the crystal oscillator, a signal is transmitted between the controller and the first interface;

Each of the controller area network transceivers is connected to the controller and a corresponding one of the second interfaces, respectively, for transmitting signals between the controller and the second interface;

The circuit board includes a ground layer with a hollow area, and an orthographic projection of each crystal oscillator on the ground layer is located in the hollow area.

Optionally, in the at least one Ethernet transceiver and the at least one controller area network transceiver, each transceiver is connected to the controller through a differential line, and each transceiver is connected to a corresponding interface. They are all connected by differential lines, and the differential lines are serpentine lines.

Optionally, the central gateway further includes: a plurality of common mode choke coils integrated on the circuit board;

Each of the Ethernet transceivers is connected to a corresponding one of the first interfaces through one of the common mode choke coils;

Each of the controller area network transceivers is connected to a corresponding one of the second interfaces through one of the common mode choke coils.

Optionally, the central gateway further includes: a crystal oscillator casing disposed outside each of the crystal oscillators, and the crystal oscillator casing is connected to the ground layer of the circuit board.

Optionally, the distance between each crystal oscillator and the device to which it is connected is smaller than a first distance threshold, and the distance between each crystal oscillator and other active devices on the circuit board is greater than a second distance threshold.

Optionally, the central gateway further includes: a casing, the circuit board and the components integrated on the circuit board are all arranged in the casing, and the casing is used for ground connection with the vehicle .

Optionally, the central gateway further includes: a power supply component integrated on the circuit board;

The power supply assembly is connected to the controller, each of the Ethernet transceivers, and each of the controller area network transceivers, respectively.

In another aspect, a control system for a vehicle is provided, the control system comprising: a plurality of electronic control units and the central gateway according to the above aspect;

Each of the electronic control units is connected to an interface of the central gateway through twisted pairs.

Optionally, the twist distance of the twisted pair is less than or equal to 2.5 cm.

In yet another aspect, a vehicle is provided, the vehicle comprising: the control system of the above aspect. , the method includes:

The beneficial effects brought by the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention include at least:

Embodiments of the present invention provide a vehicle, its central gateway, and a control system. The central gateway may include: a circuit board, and at least one Ethernet transceiver, at least one controller area network transceiver, at least one Ethernet transceiver integrated on the circuit board, A plurality of crystal oscillators, a controller, and at least one first interface corresponding to the Ethernet transceiver and at least one second interface corresponding to the controller area network transceiver. Each Ethernet transceiver is respectively connected with the controller, a crystal oscillator and a first interface, the controller is connected with a crystal oscillator, each controller area network transceiver is respectively connected with the controller and a second interface, each A transceiver can transmit signals between the controller and the interface. In addition, a hollow area is arranged on the ground layer of the circuit board, and the orthographic projection of each crystal oscillator on the ground layer is located in the hollow area area. Therefore, the effective isolation of each crystal oscillator and the ground layer in the circuit board can be ensured, and parasitic capacitance between the crystal oscillator and the ground layer can be avoided, thereby reducing the interference to data transmission. At the same time, since the circuit board is a laminated structure, it can effectively suppress the electromagnetic interference radiation in signal transmission, thus effectively improving the anti-interference ability of the central gateway and the accuracy of data transmission.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a central gateway for a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle central gateway provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

At present, the interior of the vehicle can be provided with an autonomous driving control unit (ADCU), a body control module (BCM), a chassis module, an instrument module, an entertainment module, and an on-board diagnostic module (OBD). ) and other modules. All of these modules can be connected to the CGW through a controller area network (CAN) bus or an Ethernet bus. As the central node of the entire vehicle internal communication, CGW can realize the mutual communication of each module in the vehicle. The CAN bus may include: low-speed CAN bus, high-speed CAN bus, and CANFD bus. Ethernet bus includes: Gigabit Ethernet bus and Fast Ethernet bus.

The CGW supports multiple bus data transmission methods, which can realize cross-regional function integration, basic routing communication and protocol translation, extraction, integration and safe deployment of in-vehicle data, and can provide diagnostic communication services and networking services. It makes vehicles to serve each other a reality. In addition, in terms of vehicle communication security, CGW can also provide users with comprehensive security solutions, hardware security modules, key management, upgradeable services, software and hardware solutions and optional communication protocol configurations. At the same time, the CGW also has advanced security protection functions (such as waterproof wall, digital security key storage, data packet inspection), which can ensure high-performance communication between various modules, and can perform security authentication on communication to reduce malicious attacks. threaten.

However, with the continuous increase of the number of modules in the vehicle, the application of high-power devices in each module, and the continuous improvement of the data transmission rate between the modules, when each module exchanges data through the CGW, the interference between data is relatively large, which leads to The CGW transmits data with low security.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a central gateway of a vehicle, which can solve the problems of low security and low accuracy of data transmitted by the CGW in the related art. As shown in FIG. 1, the central gateway may include: a circuit board 01, and at least one Ethernet transceiver 02, at least one CAN transceiver 03, a plurality of crystal oscillators 04, a controller 05, and integrated on the circuit board 01 At least one first interface 06 corresponding to at least one Ethernet transceiver 02 one-to-one and at least one second interface 07 corresponding to at least one CAN transceiver 03 one-to-one.

Each Ethernet transceiver 02 is respectively connected to the controller 05 , a crystal oscillator 04 and a corresponding first interface 06 , the controller 05 is connected to a crystal oscillator 04 , and each Ethernet transceiver 02 is used to connect to the crystal oscillator 04 Signals are transmitted between the controller 05 and the first interface 06 under the control of the provided clock signal. For example, the frequency of the crystal oscillator 04 connected to the controller 05 may be 8 megahertz (MHz), and the frequency of the crystal oscillator 04 connected to the Ethernet transceiver 02 may be greater than or equal to 25 MHz.

Each CAN transceiver 03 is respectively connected with the controller 05 and a corresponding second interface 07 for transmitting signals between the controller 05 and the second interface 07 .

The circuit board 01 may be a laminated structure, and the laminated structure includes a ground layer. The formation has a hollow area (ie, a part of the formation is hollowed out), and the orthographic projection of each crystal oscillator 04 on the formation is located in the hollow area. In this way, the effective isolation of each crystal oscillator 04 and the ground layer in the circuit board 01 can be ensured, and parasitic capacitance between the crystal oscillator 04 and the ground layer can be avoided, thereby reducing the interference to data transmission. The hollow area may be a rectangular area or a circular area, and the shape of the hollow area is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

To sum up, an embodiment of the present invention provides a central gateway for a vehicle, and the central gateway may include: a circuit board, and at least one Ethernet transceiver and at least one controller area network transceiver integrated on the circuit board , a plurality of crystal oscillators, a controller, and at least one first interface corresponding to the Ethernet transceiver and at least one second interface corresponding to the controller area network transceiver. Each Ethernet transceiver is respectively connected with the controller, a crystal oscillator and a first interface, the controller is connected with a crystal oscillator, each controller area network transceiver is respectively connected with the controller and a second interface, each A transceiver can transmit signals between the controller and the interface. In addition, a hollow area is arranged on the ground layer of the circuit board, and the orthographic projection of each crystal oscillator on the ground layer is located in the hollow area. Therefore, the effective isolation of each crystal oscillator and the ground layer in the circuit board can be ensured, and parasitic capacitance between the crystal oscillator and the ground layer can be avoided, thereby reducing the interference to data transmission. At the same time, since the circuit board is a laminated structure, it can effectively suppress the electromagnetic interference radiation in signal transmission, thus effectively improving the anti-interference ability of the central gateway and the accuracy of data transmission.

In this embodiment of the present invention, the circuit board 01 may be a printed circuit board (printed circuit board, PCB), also called a printed circuit board. The controller 05 may be a micro controller unit (micro controller unit, MCU). The first interface 06 may be an Ethernet interface, for example, an RJ45 interface, or a high speed data (high speed data, HSD) interface. The second interface 07 may be a DB9 interface, such as a DB9F interface. Each of the multiple interfaces can be connected to an ECU of the vehicle, each ECU can transmit data to a transceiver through the interface, the transceiver can transmit the data to the controller, and the controller can transmit the data to the controller It is sent to another ECU in the vehicle through another transceiver and another interface, so that data interaction between multiple ECUs can be realized.

As shown in FIG. 1 , three CAN transceivers 03 and three Ethernet transceivers 02 can be integrated on the circuit board 01 . The models of the three CAN transceivers may be the same, and the models of the three Ethernet transceivers 02 may be the same.

The way of data transmission between each ECU in the vehicle and the CGW can be different. According to different data transmission methods, each ECU can be connected to the CGW through different interfaces. For example, if the ECU and the CGW perform data transmission through Ethernet, the ECU may be connected to the first interface 06 of the CGW. If the ECU and the CGW perform data transmission through the CAN bus, the ECU can be connected to the second interface 07 of the CGW.

In this embodiment of the present invention, since the transmission rate is relatively high when data is transmitted among the interface, the transceiver, and the controller 05, crosstalk may exist during the data transmission. Therefore, in the at least one Ethernet transceiver 02 and the at least one CAN transceiver 03, each transceiver and the controller 05 can be connected through a differential line, and each transceiver and the corresponding interface can also be connected through a differential line . Wherein, the differential line may be a serpentine line, and the differential line may include two parallel signal transmission lines of equal length.

Each transceiver is connected to the controller 05 and the corresponding interface by a differential line, which can effectively reduce crosstalk during data transmission, thereby improving the anti-interference capability of the CGW. Due to the delay of data transmission on the circuit board 01, when each transceiver and the controller 05 receive or send data, the timing of the data signals transmitted by the two signal transmission lines in the differential line is inconsistent, resulting in each Each transceiver and the controller 05 receive or transmit data with low accuracy. By setting the differential line as a serpentine line, when each transceiver and the controller 05 receive or transmit data, the timing of the data signals transmitted by the two signal transmission lines in the differential line can be kept consistent, so that the Improve the accuracy of data received or sent by the controller 05 and the transceiver.

Optionally, a via hole may be provided on the circuit board 01, and a differential line located on a certain layer may be routed on another layer through the via hole. It should be noted that the circuit board 01 should be provided with as few via holes as possible to reduce the parasitic capacitance and parasitic inductance generated by the differential line.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle central gateway provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2 , the CGW may further include: a plurality of common mode choke coils 08 integrated on the circuit board 01 . Each Ethernet transceiver 02 can be connected to a corresponding one of the first interfaces 06 through a common mode choke 08 . Each CAN transceiver 03 can be connected to a corresponding one of the second interfaces 07 through a common mode choke coil 08 . Illustratively, the common mode choke coil may be a ferrite magnetic common mode choke coil.

The common mode choke coil 08 refers to two coils wound on the same iron core, and the two coils have the same number of turns, the same phase, and opposite winding directions. When data is transmitted between the interface and the transceiver, the common mode signal and differential mode signal in the data are simultaneously transmitted through the common mode choke coil 08, and the common mode signal will pass through the two common mode choke coils. Common mode interference is generated in the coil. The strength of the common mode interference is the same, but the direction is opposite, so they can cancel each other. Therefore, the common mode choke coil 08 can suppress the common mode signal and allow the differential mode signal to pass, thereby reducing data transmission. The common mode interference generated on the circuit board 01 at the same time improves the accuracy of data transmission. The common mode choke coil has small size, simple structure and low cost.

Optionally, the CGW may further include: a crystal oscillator casing (not shown in the figure) disposed outside each crystal oscillator 04 , and the crystal oscillator casing can be connected to the ground layer of the circuit board 01 to improve the anti-interference capability of the crystal oscillator 04 . For example, the shell of the crystal oscillator 04 may be made of a metal material, for example, a copper-tin alloy.

In this embodiment of the present invention, each device integrated on the circuit board 01 can be soldered on the circuit board 01 . The distance between each crystal oscillator 04 and the devices connected thereto may be smaller than the first distance threshold, that is, the distance between each crystal oscillator 04 and the devices connected thereto should be as small as possible. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that during the process of soldering the crystal oscillator 04 and the device connected to the crystal oscillator 04 on the circuit board 01, the pins of the device and the correspondingly connected pins of the crystal oscillator 04 will not block each other.

Each crystal oscillator 04 also needs to be far away from other active devices on the circuit board 01, and the distance between each crystal oscillator 04 and other active devices can be greater than the second distance threshold, so as to prevent the crystal oscillator 04 from causing interference to the active device , thus affecting the normal operation of the active device. The other active devices may refer to active devices on the circuit board other than the devices connected to the crystal oscillator 04 . For example, the second spacing threshold may be 5 millimeters (mm).

Optionally, the circuit board 01 may include a wiring prohibition layer, and each crystal oscillator 04 may be disposed in the area where the wiring prohibition layer is located.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the CGW may further include: a power supply assembly 09 integrated on the circuit board 01 . The power supply assembly 09 is respectively connected with the controller 05, each Ethernet transceiver 02 and each CAN transceiver 03 on the circuit board 01, and can be the controller 05, each Ethernet transceiver 02 and each CAN transceiver 03 The transceiver 03 is powered to ensure that the controller 05, each Ethernet transceiver 02 and each CAN transceiver 03 can work.

For example, the CGW is provided with a power supply interface, and the power supply component 09 can be connected to the power supply through the power supply interface. The power supply may be a battery provided independently of the CGW.

In this embodiment of the present invention, the CGW may further include: a casing (not shown in the figure). Both the circuit board 01 and the components integrated on the circuit board 01 can be arranged in the casing, and the casing is used for connecting with the ground of the vehicle. Exemplarily, the housing may be made of metal material.

In the embodiment of the present invention, since the casing is provided with a shielding function, the electromagnetic interference (electro magnetic interference, EMI) of the CGW to the outside world during data transmission can be reduced, and the electromagnetic interference of the CGW can be improved at the same time. Immunity (electro magnetic susceptibility, EMS), where the EMS may refer to the ability of the CGW to resist external electromagnetic interference. In addition, the ground area of the vehicle is large, and the shell is connected to the ground, which can improve the heat dissipation rate of the CGW.

To sum up, an embodiment of the present invention provides a central gateway for a vehicle, and the central gateway may include: a circuit board, and at least one Ethernet transceiver and at least one controller area network transceiver integrated on the circuit board , a plurality of crystal oscillators, a controller, and at least one first interface corresponding to the Ethernet transceiver and at least one second interface corresponding to the controller area network transceiver. Each Ethernet transceiver is respectively connected with the controller, a crystal oscillator and a first interface, the controller is connected with a crystal oscillator, each controller area network transceiver is respectively connected with the controller and a second interface, each A transceiver can transmit signals between the controller and the interface. In addition, a hollow area is arranged on the ground layer of the circuit board, and the orthographic projection of each crystal oscillator on the ground layer is located in the hollow area. Therefore, the effective isolation of each crystal oscillator and the ground layer in the circuit board can be ensured, and parasitic capacitance between the crystal oscillator and the ground layer can be avoided, thereby reducing the interference to data transmission. At the same time, since the circuit board has a laminated structure, it can effectively suppress the electromagnetic interference radiation in signal transmission, thus effectively improving the anti-interference ability of the central gateway and the accuracy of data transmission.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3 , the control system may include: a plurality of ECUs 10 and a CGW 00 as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 .

Each ECU 10 can be connected to an interface of the CGW 00 through the twisted pair 11, and can send data to the controller 05 of the CGW 00 through the interface.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the twisted pair 11 can be tightly wound in a counterclockwise direction, and the twist pitch of the twisted pair 11 can be less than or equal to 2.5 centimeters (cm), so that the attenuation ratio of the twisted pair 11 can be ensured It can reach 141:1, thereby effectively improving the anti-interference ability of the control system.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another vehicle control system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4 , each ECU 10 may include an interface 12 and a transceiver 13, and the interface 12 and the transceiver 13 may be connected through a common mode choke coil, the interface 12 of the ECU 10 and the interface of the CGW 00 an interface connection. If data is transmitted between the ECU and the CGW 00 via Ethernet, the interface 12 of the ECU 10 can be an Ethernet interface, such as an RJ45 interface, and the interface 12 can be connected to the first interface 06 of the CGW 00 . If data is transmitted between a certain ECU 10 and the CGW 00 through the CAN bus, the interface of the ECU 10 may be a DB9 interface, such as a DB9F interface, and the interface of the ECU 10 may be the second interface 07 of the CGW 00 connect.

An embodiment of the present invention also provides a vehicle, and the vehicle may include: the control system shown in FIG. 3 . Wherein, the vehicle may be a smart car. The smart car, also known as a wheeled mobile robot, mainly relies on the intelligent driving controller in the car to realize intelligent driving.

The above are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.

Claims (11)

1. A central gateway for a vehicle, the central gateway comprising: the system comprises a circuit board, at least one Ethernet transceiver, at least one controller area network transceiver, a plurality of crystal oscillators, a controller, at least one first interface and at least one second interface, wherein the at least one Ethernet transceiver, the at least one controller area network transceiver, the plurality of crystal oscillators, the controller, the at least one first interface and the at least one second interface are integrated on the circuit board;

each ethernet transceiver is respectively connected with the controller, one crystal oscillator and a corresponding first interface, the controller is connected with one crystal oscillator, and each ethernet transceiver is used for transmitting signals between the controller and the first interface under the control of a clock signal provided by the crystal oscillator;

each controller local area network transceiver is respectively connected with the controller and a corresponding second interface and is used for transmitting signals between the controller and the second interface;

the circuit board is of a laminated structure, the laminated structure comprises a stratum, each stratum is provided with a hollowed area, and the orthographic projection of each crystal oscillator on each stratum is located in each hollowed area;

each of the first interface and the second interface is used for being connected with an electronic control unit, and the controller is used for transmitting data transmitted to the controller by one electronic control unit through one interface to the other electronic control unit through the other interface.

2. The central gateway of claim 1,

in the at least one Ethernet transceiver and the at least one controller local area network transceiver, each transceiver is connected with the controller through a differential line, each transceiver is connected with a corresponding interface through a differential line, and the differential line is a serpentine line.

3. The central gateway of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of common mode chokes integrated on the circuit board;

each Ethernet transceiver is connected with a corresponding first interface through one common mode choke coil;

each controller area network transceiver is connected with a corresponding one of the second interfaces through one of the common mode chokes.

4. The central gateway according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises: and the crystal oscillator shell is arranged on the outer side of each crystal oscillator and is connected with the ground layer of the circuit board.

5. The central gateway of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the oscillators is spaced from devices connected thereto by a distance less than a first spacing threshold, and is spaced from other active devices on the circuit board by a distance greater than a second spacing threshold.

6. The central gateway according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises: the casing, the circuit board and integrated device on the circuit board all set up in the casing, the casing be used for with the bonding of vehicle is connected.

7. The central gateway according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises: a power supply component integrated on the circuit board;

the power supply assembly is connected to the controller, each of the ethernet transceivers, and each of the controller area network transceivers, respectively.

8. The central gateway of claim 1, wherein the circuit board comprises a wiring inhibited layer, and each of the crystal oscillators is disposed in an area where the wiring inhibited layer is located.

9. A control system of a vehicle, characterized by comprising: a plurality of electronic control units and a central gateway as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8;

each electronic control unit is connected with one interface of the central gateway through a twisted pair.

10. The control system of claim 9, wherein the twisted pair has a lay length of less than or equal to 2.5 centimeters.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that the vehicle comprises: a control system as claimed in claim 9 or 10.

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