CN109332355A - Hazardous waste high temperature melting treatment device and its process - Google Patents
Hazardous waste high temperature melting treatment device and its process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109332355A CN109332355A CN201811109333.2A CN201811109333A CN109332355A CN 109332355 A CN109332355 A CN 109332355A CN 201811109333 A CN201811109333 A CN 201811109333A CN 109332355 A CN109332355 A CN 109332355A
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- Prior art keywords
- discharge port
- crushing
- shearing
- hazardous waste
- kiln
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- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 147
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- HXELGNKCCDGMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[Cl] Chemical compound [F].[Cl] HXELGNKCCDGMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000209202 Bromus secalinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272165 Charadriidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 melting Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种危险废物高温熔融处理装置及其工艺，属于危废处理设备领域。该装置包括破碎装置和均化库，通过输送设施连接的两段式烘干装置、烧结机、自动给料装置、高温熔融炉，以及废气处理设施和水淬槽。危险废物可依次进行破碎、匀化、两段式烘干、烧结、高温熔融、水淬，最终得到无害化的玻璃体。本发明的危险废物高温熔融装置，可实现对危险废物的玻璃化处理，以满足后续的工业化应用。
The invention discloses a high-temperature melting treatment device for hazardous waste and a process thereof, belonging to the field of hazardous waste treatment equipment. The device includes a crushing device and a homogenization silo, a two-stage drying device, a sintering machine, an automatic feeding device, a high-temperature melting furnace, a waste gas treatment facility and a water quenching tank connected by a conveying facility. Hazardous waste can be crushed, homogenized, dried in two stages, sintered, melted at high temperature, and quenched in water, and finally a harmless glass body is obtained. The high-temperature melting device for hazardous wastes of the present invention can realize vitrification treatment of hazardous wastes, so as to satisfy subsequent industrial applications.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to dangerous waste processing equipment fields, and in particular to a kind of hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit and its work
Skill.
Background technique
Hazardous waste process field always exists a problem, can not thoroughly realize the innoxious and resource of hazardous waste
Change.In order to solve this problem, relatively common technology is cement kiln synergic processing at present, but the product due to needing to control cement
Matter, many hazardous wastes not can be carried out cement kiln synergic processing.Hazardous waste high-temperature fusion technology is because of its nothing on this basis
The characteristics of evilization and recycling, is inquired discovery according to existing patent and application case and is had the following problems by extensive concern,
Ignore material self-characteristic and wherein influence of the pollutant to technique, do not focus on pre-processing, process route is single, this is also resulted in
Application case is few at present, handles material narrow range, and mostly still in experimental stage.
Compared with CN201610849205.6, CN201610849205.6 technique is first to burn and melt afterwards, melting it is original
Material is to burn waste residue, these features and the present invention have significant difference, and there is no burning process, remaining present invention by the present invention first
The non-burning waste residue of the initial material of melting.
Therefore, the present invention sets out according to practical operating experiences, constructs perfect hazardous waste high-temperature fusion system, including broken
The processes such as broken, homogenizing, two-part drying, sintering, ingredient, melting, water quenching, recuperation of heat, exhaust-gas treatment.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve the short slab during hazardous waste high-temperature fusion, and it is high to provide a kind of hazardous waste
Warm melt process device, so that hazardous waste high-temperature fusion becomes, a kind of more stable, scope of application is widely dangerous to give up
Object treatment process.
The present invention it is specific the technical solution adopted is as follows:
A kind of hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit comprising crushing device, homogenizing storehouse, rail mounted drying kiln, multistage
Formula shearing-crushing dryer, sintering machine, high temperature smelting furnace and watch-quench tank；The discharge port of the crushing device connects homogenizing storehouse,
Change to be equipped in library and homogenized homogenizer is carried out to material, homogenizing storehouse side is equipped with material hole；At the top of the rail mounted drying kiln
Equipped with first charging aperture and the first Waste gas outlet, expect by transmitting the first charging aperture of band connection rail mounted drying kiln at hole,
The bottom of rail mounted drying kiln is equipped with the first discharge port, several is equipped with inside kiln body for transmitting the tracks of material, and several
The layered and parallel setting of track, and neighbouring two track running directions on the contrary, the material that falls of top track end under
Square track continues to transmit, and the first discharge port is set to the track end of bottom；The multisection type shearing-crushing dryer top
Portion is equipped with the second Waste gas outlet and second charging aperture, and the material that the first discharge port is fallen enters multisection type from second charging aperture and cuts
It cuts through in broken dryer；The vertical inner cavity of multisection type shearing-crushing dryer is divided into several broken by staggered lateral partitions
Section, it is equipped with a shearing-crushing device in every section of reduction stage, the material fallen from the preceding paragraph reduction stage enters lower single stage crushing
In the shearing-crushing device of section, multisection type shearing-crushing dries motor spindle and is equipped with the second discharge port；The kiln tail of the sintering machine is set
There is third feed inlet, kiln hood is equipped with third discharge port, and the material of the second discharge port output is delivered to third charging by conveyer belt
Mouthful, into inside sintering machine kiln body；The 4th feed inlet and the 4th Waste gas outlet, third are equipped at the top of the high temperature smelting furnace
Discharge port connects the 4th feed inlet by charging gear, is molten bath below the 4th feed inlet of high temperature smelting furnace, and set in molten bath
Have for providing the heating device of melting heat, molten bath side wall is equipped with the 4th discharge port, and the end of the 4th discharge port is located at water
It quenches above slot；The side wall of watch-quench tank is equipped with recirculated water water inlet and recirculated water water outlet, and inner cavity is equipped with slag-draining device；The burning
It is equipped with the thermal energy converter of recovered flue gas heat in knot machine and high temperature smelting furnace, is equipped with the first air blast in rail mounted drying kiln
Machine, the second air blower is equipped in multisection type shearing-crushing dryer, and the hot air outlet of the thermal energy converter in sintering machine passes through
Pipeline connects the air inlet of the first air blower, and the hot air outlet of the thermal energy converter in high temperature smelting furnace connects the by pipeline
The air inlet of two air blowers.
Preferably, first air blower is set to the track end side of bottom in rail mounted drying kiln, and first
The air blast direction of air blower is opposite with the direction of travel of material on the track.
Preferably, second air blower is set to the reduction stage end of bottom in multisection type shearing-crushing dryer
The air blast direction of side, the second air blower is opposite with the direction of travel of material in the reduction stage.
Preferably, the heating device is that the combustion of natural gas benefit wind being connected with external natural gas supply device integrates
Pipe.
Preferably, mechanical grab bucket and power shovel are equipped in the homogenizing storehouse.
Preferably, the sintering machine kiln body is set up on sintering machine support base.
It preferably, further include the first emission-control equipment and the second emission-control equipment, rail mounted drying kiln and multisection type
The exhaust gas generated in shearing-crushing dryer connects the second emission-control equipment, sintering machine and high-temperature fusion by exhaust piping
The exhaust gas generated in furnace connects the first emission-control equipment by exhaust piping.
It is useless that another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of danger using above-mentioned hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit
Object high-temperature fusion processing method, its step are as follows:
1) hazardous waste to be disposed is inputted from the feed inlet of crushing device, the material to partial size greater than 3 millimeters carries out
It is broken；
2) broken material is inputted in homogenizing storehouse, it is equal by default proportion with other materials to be disposed in homogenizing storehouse
Change；
3) first charging aperture of the material input track formula drying kiln after being homogenized gained, makes material under the drive of track
The first discharge port is successively delivered to from first charging aperture, and during transportation, using the first air blower along material conveying direction
Hot wind is inversely blasted, the hot wind is provided by the thermal energy converter in sintering machine；
4) by the material of the first discharge port output of rail mounted drying kiln again from second charging aperture input multisection type shearing
Crushing drying machine, material drops down onto one layer of the top reduction stage under the effect of gravity, and is cut by the shearing-crushing device of the reduction stage
It cuts through broken；Broken material continues to fall into next reduction stage under the guiding of lateral partitions, and is filled by the shearing-crushing of this section
Set continuation shearing-crushing；Second discharge port output of the final material from bottom；In material dropping process, the second air blast is utilized
Machine inversely blasts hot wind along the conveying direction of material, and the hot wind is provided by the thermal energy converter in high temperature smelting furnace；
5) it by the broken material of the drying of the second discharge port output, is inputted after being promoted by conveyer belt from third feed inlet
Sintering machine is sintered material in sintering machine kiln body, is sintered the material that finishes from third discharge port output；
6) after mixing material after the sintering of third discharge port output and other supplemental components according to the ratio, pass through charging gear
It being quantitatively transferred in high temperature smelting furnace, material enters molten bath from the 4th feed inlet and realizes melting under the heating of heating device,
Material after melting is discharged from the 4th discharge port；
7) the fused materials gravity flow of the 4th discharge port discharge is entered in watch-quench tank, by rapidly cooling to form glass
Grain；During water quenching, the cooling water in watch-quench tank is carried out by recirculated water water inlet and recirculated water water outlet and is recycled；
8) exhaust gas generated in rail mounted drying kiln and multisection type shearing-crushing dryer passes through exhaust piping input the
It is handled in two emission-control equipments；The exhaust gas generated in sintering machine and high temperature smelting furnace passes through exhaust piping input first
It is handled in emission-control equipment.
Preferably, second-time burning carried out to exhaust gas in first emission-control equipment, chilling, denitration, desulfurization, taken off
It is discharged after acid, dedusting, condensation and dust removal process is carried out to exhaust gas in second emission-control equipment.
Preferably, the hazardous waste is that siliceous, alkali metal containing in " National Hazard waste register " or flammable class are dangerous
Waste；The partial size of material is less than 3 millimeters after being crushed in step 1)；The moisture content of mixed material in step 2) after homogenizing is 25%
~70%；Step 3) middle orbit formula dry kiln drying after material water ratio between 20%~35%, drying temperature be 200 DEG C~
300 DEG C, the residence time is 1~1.5 hour；The broken mixed material of multisection type shearing-crushing drying machine drying contains in step 4)
Water rate is between 10%~15%, and for partial size between 10~20mm, drying temperature is 300 DEG C~500 DEG C, the residence time 0.8
~1.2 hours；The sintering time of material is 1~2 hour in step 5), and sintering temperature is 800 DEG C~1100 DEG C；Institute in step 6)
State other supplemental components accountings be sintered material 10%~25%, the moisture content of supplemental components less than 10%, supplemental components at
Be divided into solid fuel, flammable class hazardous waste and the material rich in silicon, alkali metal, wherein the ratio of silicon and alkali metal 30%~
Between 45%；The residence time of material is 2~4 hours in step 6) high temperature melting furnace, and melting temperature is 1200 DEG C~1500
℃；Water temperature in step 7) in watch-quench tank is by cooling water loop control at 50 DEG C or less.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The uniformity of material can be improved by broken and homogenizing by the present invention, so that the effect of sintering and high-temperature fusion
It gets a promotion；Organic matter, the moisture in material can be effectively removed after drying and sintering makes the material into high-temperature fusion special
Property the smaller, subsequent technique of fluctuation stablize, the risk of the skinning of sintering process can be greatly lowered by second batch.So that high
Temperature is melted into the technique that a kind of process range is wide, stable.
Due to the most complicated component of hazardous waste, and different Hazardous Characteristics of Hazardous Wastes significant differences, therefore present invention setting is broken
Broken and homogenizing workshop section, so that the material into subsequent handling is relatively stable；The most moisture content of hazardous waste is higher than 60%, great Liang Shui
Dividing into high temperature workshop section will increase energy consumption, therefore be provided with drying, and dries and be easy to cause material hardened, be provided in the second half section
Shearing-crushing；Part hazardous waste contains the halogens such as fluorine chlorine and organic pollutant, this moieties is accessed in sintered ring energy conservation
Effective removing, alleviates the pressure of subsequent melt link, extends the service life of fusion apparatus, it is ensured that flue gas stablizes row
It puts；By the hazardous waste after drying, sintering, melting, main component is oxide, can be formed by water quenching after rational proportion
Vitreum is realized innoxious.
Detailed description of the invention
The structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1 hazardous waste high-temperature fusion system；
Fig. 2 rail mounted drying kiln overlooking structure diagram；
Fig. 3 rail mounted drying kiln side structure schematic view；
Fig. 4 multisection type shearing-crushing drying machine structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 sintering machine structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 high temperature smelting furnace and watch-quench tank result schematic diagram.
Wherein, appended drawing reference: crushing device 1, homogenizing storehouse 2, material hole 3, rail mounted drying kiln 4, multisection type shearing-crushing dry
Dry machine 5, sintering machine 6, charging gear 7, high temperature smelting furnace 8, watch-quench tank 9, the first hot air pipe 10, the second hot air pipe 11, first are useless
Flash Gas Compression Skid System 12, the second emission-control equipment 13, first charging aperture 14, the first Waste gas outlet 15, track 16, the first air blast
Machine 17, the first discharge port 18, the second Waste gas outlet 19, second charging aperture 20, shearing-crushing device 21, the second air blower 22,
Second discharge port 23, third feed inlet 24, sintering machine support base 25, sintering machine kiln body 26, third discharge port 27, the 4th feed inlet
28, the 4th Waste gas outlet 29, heating device 30, molten bath 31, the 4th discharge port 32, watch-quench tank 33, recirculated water water inlet 34, follow
Ring water water outlet 35, slag-draining device 36.
Specific embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification or disclosed all methods or in the process the step of, in addition to mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step other than, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification unless specifically stated can be equivalent or with similar purpose by other
Alternative features are replaced.That is, unless specifically stated, each feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics
?.
As shown in Figure 1, for the hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit overall structure diagram in one embodiment of the invention.
The primary structure of the processing unit includes crushing device 1, homogenizing storehouse 2, rail mounted drying kiln 4, multisection type shearing-crushing dryer
5, sintering machine 6, high temperature smelting furnace 8 and watch-quench tank 9.
Crushing device 1 can be the equipment such as crusher, and broken discharging-material size is adjustable.The discharge port of crushing device 1
By transmitting 2 entrance of band connection homogenizing storehouse, homogenizing storehouse 2 is one for homogenize to material the structures of processing, inside
In be equipped with homogenized homogenizer carried out to material.It can be stored in homogenizing storehouse 2 and have already passed through homogenized material, also can store nothing
It need to be crushed but need to carry out subsequent drying, be sintered, the material of melt process.Homogenizer can be that by and be stirred function
Can equipment, using mechanical grab bucket and power shovel in the present embodiment.2 side of homogenizing storehouse is equipped with the material hole 3 for preventing from having homogenized material, material
It cheats and is equipped with a conveyer belt at 3, have already passed through homogenized material and be delivered in subsequent handling by grabbing bucket to be put on conveyer belt.?
Change the subsequent setting two-part drying unit in library 2, first segment is rail mounted drying kiln 4, and second segment is the drying of multisection type shearing-crushing
Machine 5.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, rail mounted drying kiln 4 is one for the kiln body dried to material, and top is equipped with the
One feed inlet 14 and the first Waste gas outlet 15, material are cheated at 3 through the first charging aperture of transmission band connection rail mounted drying kiln 4
14, it can enter in kiln from first charging aperture 14 by homogenized material.The bottom of rail mounted drying kiln 4 is equipped with the first discharge port
18, be equipped with inside kiln body it is a plurality of for transmitting the track 16 of material, totally 3 in the present embodiment.3 tracks 16 are layered and parallel to be set
It sets, and two neighbouring 16 traffic directions of track are on the contrary, the position that track 16 end materials in top are fallen has arc
Material is oriented to 16 leading portion of lower track by guide plate, the material that thus top track 16 end is fallen can by lower track 16 after
It resumes and send.First discharge port 18 is set to 16 end of track of bottom, and material can be from track directly from the first discharge port
18 outputs.Drying functions in rail mounted drying kiln 4 are realized by hot wind, the rail of bottom in rail mounted drying kiln 4
16 end side of road is equipped with first air blower 17, and on the air blast direction of the first air blower 17 and track 16 the traveling side of material
To on the contrary, hot-air is blown into from 16 end of track of bottom, after being then inversely blown to 16 front end of track, 180 ° are returned again to
Into upper one layer of track 16, finally it is discharged from the first Waste gas outlet 15.The heat of hot wind can be by this dress in rail mounted drying kiln 4
The sintering machine 6 postponed in continuous workshop section provides, and concrete form is subsequent to be will be described in.
Multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5 is set to the lower section of rail mounted drying kiln 4.As shown in figure 4, rail mounted drying kiln
4 be a vertical kiln body, and top is equipped with the second Waste gas outlet 19 and second charging aperture 20.Second charging aperture 20 is just set
It is placed in 18 lower section of the first discharge port, the material fallen from the first discharge port 18 of rail mounted drying kiln 4 can be from second charging aperture 20
It falls directly into multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5.It is intracavitary in the vertical kiln body of multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5 to set a plurality of cross
To partition, lateral partitions interlaced arrangement on the side wall of vertical kiln body forms the circulation passage of "the" shape, two lateral partitions
Between be used as single stage crushing section.Lateral partitions should have certain gradient, and material is voluntarily slid under the effect of gravity.
A shearing-crushing device 21 is equipped in every section of reduction stage, shearing-crushing device 21 can be shear breaker, can also be straight
Connecing is high-speed rotating broken blade.The material fallen from the preceding paragraph reduction stage enters the shearing-crushing device of next section of reduction stage
It in 21, and then is further crushed, solves the hardened phenomenon caused by material in 4 drying course of first segment rail mounted drying kiln.
5 bottom of multisection type shearing-crushing dryer is equipped with the second discharge port 23, is discharged by the material that secondary drying is crushed from the mouth.It is more
Drying functions in segmentation shearing-crushing dryer 5 are realized by hot wind.5 bottom of multisection type shearing-crushing dryer
Side is equipped with the second air blower 22, the direction of travel phase in the air blast direction of the second air blower 22 and material in reduction stage in reduction stage
Instead, the hot wind of the second air blower 22 blowout is successively flowed up along the circulation passage of "the" shape, is finally discharged from the second exhaust gas
Mouth 19 is discharged.The heat of hot wind can be mentioned by the high temperature smelting furnace 8 in the subsequent workshop section of the present apparatus in multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5
For concrete form is subsequent to be will be described in.
Sintering machine 6 is set to the downstream of multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5.As shown in figure 5, sintering machine is rotary kiln, burn
The kiln tail of knot machine 6 is equipped with third feed inlet 24, and kiln hood is equipped with third discharge port 27.The second of multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5
Since position is lower, the material of output need to be promoted by conveyer belt discharge port 23 first, then be delivered to third feed inlet
24, into inside sintering machine kiln body 26.Sintering machine kiln body 26 has certain gradient, and kiln hood is lower, and kiln tail is higher, so that object
Material can voluntarily flow in kiln body.It can be heated by natural gas in sintering machine kiln body 26, naturally it is also possible to use other
Heat-agglomerating mode.Sintering machine kiln body 26 is set up on sintering machine support base 25, realizes bulit on stilts.
As shown in fig. 6, high temperature smelting furnace 8 is used to carry out melt process to by drying, broken, sintering material.High temperature
The shell of melting furnace 8 is made of heat-resisting material, and top is equipped with the 4th feed inlet 28 and the 4th Waste gas outlet 29.Sintering machine
6 third discharge port 27 connects the feed inlet of charging gear 7, is controlled from charging gear 7 to the inlet amount of high temperature smelting furnace 8.By
In melting process, it may be necessary to add the substance of other components, therefore charging gear 7 can be equipped with additional multiple chargings
Mouthful, high temperature smelting furnace 8 is delivered to after material is mixed again.4th charging of the discharge port connection high temperature smelting furnace 8 of charging gear 7
Mouthfuls 28, it is the molten bath 31 for being melted to material below the 4th feed inlet 28, and be equipped in molten bath 31 for providing melting
The heating device 30 of heat.Heating device 30 can be any device for enabling to material melts, and can be open fire can also be with
It is electric heating etc., in the present embodiment, heating device 30 mends wind integrated pipe using combustion of natural gas, integrates tube inlet and external day
Right gas feeding mechanism is connected.It is with the combustion of natural gas pipe for mending wind function, external natural gas that combustion of natural gas, which mends wind integrated pipe,
The natural gas and air of feeding mechanism supply can enter in pipe together, then spray from ozzle, in the form of jet flames pair
Material carries out heating melting.The material of melting is stored in molten bath 31, is equipped with the 4th discharging on 31 side wall of molten bath at certain altitude
Mouth 32.4th discharge port 32 is one article of pipeline resistant to high temperature, and pipe end is located at 33 top of watch-quench tank, and molten liquid can be directly in weight
It is fallen into open watch-quench tank 33 under power effect.Watch-quench tank 33 is an open groove body, and side wall is intake equipped with recirculated water
Cooling water can be inputted recirculated water water inlet 34 by water pump, then from recirculated water water outlet by mouth 34 and recirculated water water outlet 35
35 discharges realize that circulation keeps water temperature inside.Watch-quench tank 33 is in use, it may appear that the precipitating of part residue, therefore its
It needs to be equipped with slag-draining device 36 in inner cavity.Various residue extraction mechanisms in the prior art can be used in slag-draining device 36.
In addition, since sintering machine 6 and high temperature smelting furnace 8 have extra power input in the present invention, in the flue gas discharged
There can be more heat, this partial heat can be used for two sections of rail mounted drying kiln 4 and multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5
Formula drying course.Its specific implementation are as follows: thermal energy converter is equipped in the inner cavity of sintering machine 6 and high temperature smelting furnace 8, it is right
Flue gas heat carries out recovered flue gas heat, and thermal energy converter can be the structures such as tubular sheet heat exchanger, plate-fin heat exchanger.It is external cold
Air inputs in the heat exchanger tube of thermal energy converter, is exchanged heat by heat exchange tube wall and external hot fume, then again from hot empty
Gas outlet output.As previously mentioned, being equipped with the first air blower 17 in rail mounted drying kiln 4, set in multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5
There is the second air blower 22, therefore the hot air outlet of the thermal energy converter in sintering machine 6 passes through the second hot air pipe 11 connection first
The air inlet of air blower 17, the hot air outlet of the thermal energy converter in high temperature smelting furnace 8 pass through the first hot air pipe 10 connection the
The air inlet of two air blowers 22.By the negative-pressure ward of the first air blower 17 and the second air blower 22, attraction is generated, it will be hot empty
Gas continually enters in each drying section, realizes that fume afterheat utilizes.
In addition, since a large amount of flue gas can be generated in the disposal process of the processing unit, it is therefore desirable to the first exhaust gas be arranged
Processing unit 12 and the second emission-control equipment 13.First emission-control equipment 12 and the second emission-control equipment 13 can be phase
With, be also possible to it is different, type selecting needs be determined according to the property of different exhaust gas.In general, rail mounted is dried
The exhaust gas properties generated in kiln 4 and multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5 are similar, both connect the second exhaust gas by exhaust piping
Processing unit 13；The exhaust gas constituents generated in sintering machine 6 and high temperature smelting furnace 8 are complex, both connected by exhaust piping
Connect the first emission-control equipment 12.It in the present embodiment, include condenser, dual firing chamber, chilling in the first emission-control equipment 12
Facility, denitration facility, desulfurization equipment, depickling facility and dust removal installation include condenser in the second emission-control equipment 13 and are removed
Dirt facility.
Due to the most complicated component of hazardous waste, and different Hazardous Characteristics of Hazardous Wastes significant differences, therefore processing of the invention
Broken and homogenizing workshop section is pre-set in device, so that the material into subsequent handling is relatively stable.In addition, hazardous waste is big
More moisture content are higher than 60%, and large quantity of moisture, which enters high temperature workshop section, will increase energy consumption, therefore is provided with two-part and dries.It will dry
It is for the first time in drying course that journey, which is divided into the reason of two-part, and such material is easy to produce hardened phenomenon, produces to follow-up sintering process
Raw adverse effect, therefore shearing-crushing is provided in the second half section of drying.In addition, part hazardous waste contain the halogens such as fluorine chlorine and
Organic pollutant, this moieties access effective removing in sintered ring energy conservation, alleviate the pressure of subsequent melt link, prolong
The service life of fusion apparatus is grown, it is ensured that the stable emissions of flue gas.It is main by the hazardous waste after drying, sintering, melting
Ingredient is oxide, can form vitreum after rational proportion by water quenching, is realized innoxious.
In the present invention, handled hazardous waste is siliceous, golden containing alkali in " National Hazard waste register (2016 editions) "
Belong to or flammable class hazardous waste, these waste residues pass through rational proportion, glass melt can be formed, wherein siliceous, alkali metal containing can
To be to burn industry waste residue, metallurgy industry waste residue, the organic matter in flammable class hazardous waste can burn in the case of a high temperature, reduce
Energy consumption.
Based on above-mentioned hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit, a kind of hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing side can also be provided
Method, the specific steps of which are as follows:
1) hazardous waste to be disposed is inputted from the feed inlet of crushing device 1, the material to partial size greater than 3 millimeters carries out
It is broken, it can skip destruction step without broken material.
2) broken material is inputted in homogenizing storehouse 2, it is equal by default proportion with other materials to be disposed in homogenizing storehouse 2
Change.
3) first charging aperture 14 of the material input track formula drying kiln 4 after being homogenized gained, makes material in track 16
It is successively delivered to the first discharge port 18 from first charging aperture 14 under drive, and during transportation, utilizes 17 edge of the first air blower
Material conveying direction inversely blasts hot wind, and hot wind is provided by the thermal energy converter in sintering machine 6.
4) material for exporting the first discharge port 18 of rail mounted drying kiln 4 inputs multisection type from second charging aperture 20 again
Shearing-crushing dryer 5, material drops down onto one layer of the top reduction stage under the effect of gravity, and is filled by the shearing-crushing of the reduction stage
Set 21 shearing-crushings；Broken material continues to fall into next reduction stage under the guiding of lateral partitions, and by the shearing of this section
Crushing device 21 continues shearing-crushing；Final material is exported from the second discharge port 23 of bottom；In material dropping process, benefit
Hot wind is inversely blasted along the conveying direction of material with the second air blower 22, hot wind is mentioned by the thermal energy converter in high temperature smelting furnace 8
For.
5) the broken material of drying for exporting the second discharge port 23, from third feed inlet 24 after being promoted by conveyer belt
Sintering machine 6 is inputted, material is sintered in sintering machine kiln body 26, the material finished is sintered and is exported from third discharge port 27；
Be sintered institute's calorific requirement by material combustible component and additional natural gas provide.
6) it after material and other supplemental components mix according to the ratio after the sintering for exporting third discharge port 27, is filled by feed
It sets 7 to be quantitatively transferred in high temperature smelting furnace 8, material is from the 4th feed inlet 28 into molten bath 31 and under the heating of heating device 30
Realize melting, the material after melting is discharged from the 4th discharge port 32.
7) the fused materials gravity flow the 4th discharge port 32 being discharged enters in watch-quench tank 33, by rapidly cooling to form glass
Particle；During water quenching, the cooling water in watch-quench tank 33 is carried out by recirculated water water inlet 34 and recirculated water water outlet 35 and is recycled.
8) exhaust gas generated in rail mounted drying kiln 4 and multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5 is inputted by exhaust piping
It is handled in second emission-control equipment 13；It is defeated that the exhaust gas generated in sintering machine 6 and high temperature smelting furnace 8 passes through exhaust piping
Enter and is handled in the first emission-control equipment 12.Wherein, second-time burning, urgency are carried out to exhaust gas in the first emission-control equipment 12
It discharges after cold, denitration, desulfurization, depickling, dedusting, exhaust gas is carried out at condensation and dedusting in second emission-control equipment 13
Reason.
In the present embodiment, the design parameter of each step is controllable as follows:
The partial size of material is less than 3 millimeters after being crushed in step 1).The moisture content of mixed material in step 2) after homogenizing is
25%~70%.Between 20%~35%, drying temperature is material water ratio after step 3) middle orbit formula drying kiln 4 is dried
200 DEG C~300 DEG C, the residence time is 1~1.5 hour.Multisection type shearing-crushing dryer 5 is dried broken mixed in step 4)
Material water ratio is closed between 10%~15%, for partial size between 10~20mm, drying temperature is 300 DEG C~500 DEG C, when stop
Between be 0.8~1.2 hour.The sintering time of material is 1~2 hour in step 5), and sintering temperature is 800 DEG C~1100 DEG C.Step
It is rapid 6) described in other supplemental components accountings be sintered material 10%~25%, the moisture content of supplemental components less than 10%, mend
Filling composition component is solid fuel, flammable class hazardous waste and the material rich in silicon, alkali metal, the wherein ratio of silicon and alkali metal
Between 30%~45%.The residence time of material is 2~4 hours in step 6) high temperature melting furnace 8, melting temperature 1200
DEG C~1500 DEG C.Water temperature in step 7) in watch-quench tank 33 is by cooling water loop control at 50 DEG C or less.
Above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, so it is not intended to limiting the invention.Have
The those of ordinary skill for closing technical field can also make various changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
Change and modification.Therefore all mode technical solutions obtained for taking equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation, all fall within guarantor of the invention
It protects in range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit, which is characterized in that including crushing device (1), homogenizing storehouse (2), track
Formula drying kiln (4), multisection type shearing-crushing dryer (5), sintering machine (6), high temperature smelting furnace (8) and watch-quench tank (9)；It is described broken
The discharge port of crushing device (1) connects homogenizing storehouse (2), is equipped in homogenizing storehouse (2) and carries out homogenized homogenizer, homogenizing storehouse to material
(2) side is equipped with material hole (3)；It is equipped with first charging aperture (14) at the top of the rail mounted drying kiln (4) and the first exhaust gas discharges
Mouth (15), material are cheated at (3) through the first charging aperture (14) of transmission band connection rail mounted drying kiln (4), rail mounted drying kiln (4)
Bottom be equipped with the first discharge port (18), several are equipped with inside kiln body for transmitting the tracks (16) of material, several tracks
(16) layered and parallel setting, and two neighbouring track (16) traffic directions are on the contrary, top track (16) end is fallen
Material is continued to transmit by lower track (16), and the first discharge port (18) is set to track (16) end of bottom；Described is more
The second Waste gas outlet (19) and second charging aperture (20), the first discharge port are equipped at the top of segmentation shearing-crushing dryer (5)
(18) material fallen enters in multisection type shearing-crushing dryer (5) from second charging aperture (20)；Multisection type shearing-crushing dries
The vertical inner cavity of dry machine (5) is divided into several reduction stages by staggered lateral partitions, and a shearing is equipped in every section of reduction stage
Crushing device (21), the material fallen from the preceding paragraph reduction stage enters in the shearing-crushing device (21) of next section of reduction stage, more
Segmentation shearing-crushing dryer (5) bottom is equipped with the second discharge port (23)；The kiln tail of the sintering machine (6) is equipped with third feed inlet
(24), kiln hood is equipped with third discharge port (27), and the material of the second discharge port (23) output is delivered to third charging by conveyer belt
Mouth (24), it is internal into sintering machine kiln body (26)；The 4th feed inlet (28) and the 4th are equipped at the top of the high temperature smelting furnace (8)
Waste gas outlet (29), third discharge port (27) connect the 4th feed inlet (28), high temperature smelting furnace (8) by charging gear (7)
The 4th feed inlet (28) below be molten bath (31), and in molten bath (31) be equipped with for providing the heating device of melting heat
(30), molten bath (31) side wall is equipped with the 4th discharge port (32), and the end of the 4th discharge port (32) is located above watch-quench tank (33)；
The side wall of watch-quench tank (33) is equipped with recirculated water water inlet (34) and recirculated water water outlet (35), and inner cavity is equipped with slag-draining device
(36)；The thermal energy converter of recovered flue gas heat, rail mounted drying are equipped in the sintering machine (6) and high temperature smelting furnace (8)
The first air blower (17) are equipped in kiln (4), are equipped with the second air blower (22) in multisection type shearing-crushing dryer (5), sintering machine
(6) air inlet of the hot air outlet of the thermal energy converter in by pipeline connection the first air blower (17), high temperature smelting furnace (8)
In thermal energy converter hot air outlet pass through pipeline connection the second air blower (22) air inlet.
2. hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that first air blower
(17) track (16) end side of bottom in rail mounted drying kiln (4), the air blast direction of the first air blower (17) are set to
It is opposite with the direction of travel of material on the track (16).
3. hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that second air blower
(22) the reduction stage end side of bottom in multisection type shearing-crushing dryer (5), the drum of the second air blower (22) are set to
Wind direction is opposite with the direction of travel of material in the reduction stage.
4. hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the heating device (30)
Combustion of natural gas to be connected with external natural gas supply device mends wind integrated pipe.
5. hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the homogenizing storehouse (2)
Equipped with machinery grab bucket and power shovel.
6. hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the sintering machine kiln body
(26) it is set up on sintering machine support base (25).
7. hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include the first exhaust-gas treatment
It is generated in device (12) and the second emission-control equipment (13), rail mounted drying kiln (4) and multisection type shearing-crushing dryer (5)
Exhaust gas the second emission-control equipment (13) are connected by exhaust piping, generation in sintering machine (6) and high temperature smelting furnace (8)
Exhaust gas connects the first emission-control equipment (12) by exhaust piping.
8. a kind of hazardous waste high-temperature fusion using hazardous waste high-temperature fusion processing unit as described in claim 1 is handled
Method, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
1) hazardous waste to be disposed is inputted from the feed inlet of crushing device (1), the material to partial size greater than 3 millimeters carries out brokenly
It is broken；
2) broken material is inputted in homogenizing storehouse (2), it is equal by default proportion with other materials to be disposed in homogenizing storehouse (2)
Change；
3) first charging aperture (14) of the material input track formula drying kiln (4) after being homogenized gained makes material in track (16)
Drive under from first charging aperture (14) be successively delivered to the first discharge port (18), and during transportation, utilize the first air blast
Machine (17) inversely blasts hot wind along material conveying direction, and the hot wind is provided by the thermal energy converter in sintering machine (6)；
4) material for exporting the first discharge port (18) of rail mounted drying kiln (4) inputs multistage from second charging aperture (20) again
Formula shearing-crushing dryer (5), material drops down onto one layer of the top reduction stage under the effect of gravity, and is broken by the shearing of the reduction stage
Crushing device (21) shearing-crushing；Broken material continues to fall into next reduction stage under the guiding of lateral partitions, and by the section
Shearing-crushing device (21) continue shearing-crushing；Final material is exported from the second discharge port (23) of bottom；Under material
During falling, hot wind is inversely blasted along the conveying direction of material using the second air blower (22), the hot wind is by high-temperature fusion
Thermal energy converter in furnace (8) provides；
5) the broken material of drying for exporting the second discharge port (23), from third feed inlet (24) after being promoted by conveyer belt
It inputs sintering machine (6), material is sintered in the sintering machine kiln body (26), be sintered the material that finishes from third discharge port (27)
Output；
6) after mixing material after the sintering of third discharge port (27) output and other supplemental components according to the ratio, pass through charging gear
(7) it is quantitatively transferred in high temperature smelting furnace (8), material is from the 4th feed inlet (28) into molten bath (31) and in heating device (30)
Heating under realize melting, the material after melting is discharged from the 4th discharge port (32)；
7) the fused materials gravity flow of the 4th discharge port (32) discharge is entered in watch-quench tank (33), by rapidly cooling to form glass
Particle；During water quenching, the cooling in watch-quench tank (33) is carried out by recirculated water water inlet (34) and recirculated water water outlet (35)
Water circulation；
8) rail mounted drying kiln (4) and the middle exhaust gas generated of multisection type shearing-crushing dryer (5) pass through exhaust piping and input
Second emission-control equipment is handled in (13)；The exhaust gas generated in sintering machine (6) and high temperature smelting furnace (8) passes through exhaust gas
It is handled in pipeline input the first emission-control equipment (12).
9. processing method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that exhaust gas in first emission-control equipment (12)
It is discharged after carrying out second-time burning, chilling, denitration, desulfurization, depickling, dedusting, to useless in second emission-control equipment (13)
Gas carries out condensation and dust removal process.
10. processing method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the hazardous waste is " National Hazard waste register "
In siliceous, alkali metal containing or flammable class hazardous waste；The partial size of material is less than 3 millimeters after being crushed in step 1)；In step 2)
The moisture content of mixed material after homogenizing is 25%~70%；Material water ratio after step 3) middle orbit formula drying kiln (4) drying
Between 20%~35%, drying temperature is 200 DEG C~300 DEG C, and the residence time is 1~1.5 hour；Multisection type is cut in step 4)
Cut through broken dryer (5) and dry broken mixed material moisture content between 10%~15%, partial size between 10~20mm,
Drying temperature is 300 DEG C~500 DEG C, and the residence time is 0.8~1.2 hour；The sintering time of material is 1~2 small in step 5)
When, sintering temperature is 800 DEG C~1100 DEG C；Other supplemental components accountings described in step 6) be sintered material 10%~
25%, the moisture content of supplemental components less than 10%, supplemental components ingredient be solid fuel, flammable class hazardous waste and rich in silicon,
The material of alkali metal, wherein the ratio of silicon and alkali metal is between 30%~45%；Step 6) high temperature melting furnace (8) interior material
Residence time be 2~4 hours, melting temperature be 1200 DEG C~1500 DEG C；Water temperature in step 7) in watch-quench tank (33) passes through
Cooling water loop control is at 50 DEG C or less.
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| CN109332355B (en) | 2023-10-17 |
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