CN109337284A - 一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料 - Google Patents
一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，属于热固性酚醛模塑料技术领域。其是由以下按重量份数配比的原料组成：酚醛树脂25.0‑45.0份；热固性树脂5.0‑10.0份；固化剂5.0‑8.0份；固化促进剂0.2‑2.5份；增强纤维10.0‑15.0份；天然纤维素15.0‑30.0份；润滑剂1.0‑3.0份；纳米级无机填料15.0‑25.0份；偶联剂1.5‑3.5份。对填料粉体的表面进行活化，得到的疏水性的纳米填料粉体，保证优异的电气绝缘性能；使得材料不仅具有良好的耐热耐湿性能，而且具有理想的机械物理强度；由于其具有优异的可加工性能以及成本低廉，因而能满足工业化高效率的放大生产要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于热固性酚醛模塑料技术领域，具体涉及一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料。
背景技术
酚醛模塑料是一种以热塑性和/或热固性酚醛树脂为基质，辅以有机或无机填料并且添加固化剂等其他助剂经混合塑炼加工而成的热固性塑料。由于其性能优异、生产流程相对简单而且原料易得并且价格低廉，因而被广泛应用于汽车、电器、电子元器件、机械配件等领域。
通用酚醛模塑料因为仅使用了热塑性酚醛树脂以及未经活化改性的木粉、竹粉等纤维素和矿物填料(如CN101974198B)，由于这些材料所具有的吸湿性能，因而导致生产所得的酚醛模塑料制品也同样具有较强的吸湿性，从而使所述制品在使用过程中会因为不可避免的湿热环境因素而造成外形因长时间受热吸湿而产生膨胀、开裂、弯曲等变形，同时也会出现因为受热吸湿而造成的表面形变影响制品的耐磨损性能、受热吸湿膨胀造成制品的电气绝缘性能(如耐电弧，耐击穿)下降等现象。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于提供一种强度好、易于加工、成本低廉并且有助于避免在湿热环境下出现的诸如外形变形、电气绝缘性能降低之类的情形而藉以延长制品使用寿命的耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料。
本发明的任务是这样来完成的，一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其是由以下按重量份数配比的原料组成：
在本发明的一个具体的实施例中，所述的酚醛树脂为热塑性线型酚醛树脂。
在本发明的另一个具体的实施例中，所述的热固性树脂为三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。
在本发明的又一个具体的实施例中，所述的固化剂为六次甲基四胺。
在本发明的再一个具体的实施例中，所述的固化促进剂为熟石灰、氧化锌、氧化镁中的一种或多种的组合。
在本发明的还有一个具体的实施例中，所述的增强纤维为长度3.0-6.0mm并且直径为11-13μm的无碱短切玻璃纤维。
在本发明的更而一个具体的实施例中，所述的天然纤维素为竹粉和/或木粉。
在本发明的进而一个具体的实施例中，所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸酰胺、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺和卡尔蜡中的一种或几种的组合。
在本发明的又更而一个具体的实施例中，所述的纳米级无机填料为经与钛酸酯偶联剂依次进行共混、搅拌和烘干而活化的改性的云母粉、滑石粉、高岭土、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁中的一种或几种的组合，所述钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为所述纳米级无机填料重量的1.4-1.8％。
在本发明的又进而一个具体的实施例中，所述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂中的一种或几种组合。
本发明提供的技术方案由于在配方中使用了两者能形成互为交联结构的酚醛树脂及起粘合剂作用的低吸水性的三聚氰胺甲醛树脂作为热固性树脂，并且使用了将纳米无机填料与钛酸酯偶联剂进行共混、搅拌、烘干，从而对填料粉体的表面进行活化，进而得到的疏水性的纳米填料粉体，保证优异的电气绝缘性能；同时使用了取量合理的增强纤维及天然纤维素，使得材料不仅具有良好的耐热耐湿性能，而且具有理想的机械物理强度；由于其具有优异的可加工性能以及成本低廉，因而能满足工业化高效率的放大生产要求。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
经与钛酸酯偶联剂依次进行共混、搅拌和烘干而得到活化的改性的高岭土25份，其中，钛酸酯偶联剂的重量(即用量)占所述高岭土重量的1.8％；
硅烷偶联剂 1.5份。
具体实施时，即由上述原料制备耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料时，先将热塑性线型酚醛树脂25份和三聚氰氨甲醛树脂10份投入捏机中，同时向捏合机中投入六次甲基四胺6.5份、熟石灰1.2份、长度为3mm并且直径为13μm的无碱短切玻璃纤维15份、竹粉22份、硬脂酸1份、以及加入经与钛酸酯偶联剂依次进行共混、搅拌和烘干而得到活化的改性的高岭土25份，其中，钛酸酯偶联剂的重量(即加入量)占所述高岭土重量的1.8％，再加入硅烷偶联剂1.5份进行捏合，得到捏合料，再将捏合料引入双辊塑炼机塑炼，塑炼温度为90℃，塑炼时间为5min，塑炼成片后，经冷却、切粒并筛选，得到耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料。
实施例2：
经与钛酸酯偶联剂依次进行共混、搅拌和烘干而得到活化的改性的云母粉5份、滑石粉3份、碳酸钙12份，其中，钛酸酯偶联剂的重量(即用量)占所述云母粉、滑石粉以及碳酸钙三者的总重量(即重量之和)的1.4％；
铝酸酯偶联剂 1.5份；
钛酸酯偶联剂 1份；
硅烷偶联剂 1份。
具体实施时，即由上述原料制备耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料时，先将热塑性线型酚醛树脂35份和三聚氰氨甲醛树脂5份投入捏机中，同时向捏合机中投入六次甲基四胺5份、氧化锌1份、氧化镁1份、熟石灰0.5份、长度为4.5mm并且直径为11μm的无碱短切玻璃纤维12份、木粉15份、硬脂酸锌1份、硬脂酸钙1份、硬脂酸镁1份以及加入经与钛酸酯偶联剂依次进行共混、搅拌和烘干而得到活化的改性的云母粉5份、滑石粉3份、碳酸钙12份，其中，钛酸酯偶联剂的重量(即加入量)占所述云母粉、滑石粉以及碳酸钙三者总重量(即重量之和)的1.4％，再加入铝酸酯偶联剂1.5份、钛酸酯偶联剂1份以及硅烷偶联剂1份进行捏合，得到捏合料，再将捏合料引入双辊塑炼机塑炼，塑炼温度为90℃，塑炼时间为5min，塑炼成片后，经冷却、切粒并筛选，得到耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料。
实施例3：
经与钛酸酯偶联剂依次进行共混、搅拌和烘干而得到活化的改性的氢氧化铝7.5份、氢氧化镁7.5份，其中，钛酸酯偶联剂的重量(即用量)占所述氢氧化铝以及氢氧化镁两者总重量(即重量之和)的1.6％；
铝酸酯偶联剂 1份；
钛酸酯偶联剂 1份。
具体实施时，即由上述原料制备耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料时，先将热塑性线型酚醛树脂45份和三聚氰氨甲醛树脂7.5份投入捏机中，同时向捏合机中投入六次甲基四胺8份、氧化镁0.2份、长度为6mm并且直径为12μm的无碱短切玻璃纤维10份、竹粉15份、木粉15份、硬脂酸酰胺1份、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺1份、以及加入经与钛酸酯偶联剂依次进行共混、搅拌和烘干而得到活化的改性的氢氧化铝7.5份、氢氧化镁7.5份，其中，钛酸酯偶联剂的重量(即加入量)占所述氢氧化铝以及氢氧化镁两者总重量(即重量之和)的1.6％，再加入铝酸酯偶联剂1份以及钛酸酯偶联剂1份进行捏合，得到捏合料，再将捏合料引入双辊塑炼机塑炼，塑炼温度为90℃，塑炼时间为5min，塑炼成片后，经冷却、切粒并筛选，得到耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料。
由上述1-3所制得的耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料经测试具有下表所示的技术指标：
| 测试项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
| 相对密度g/cm3 | 1.49 | 1.55 | 1.52 |
| 模塑收缩率％ | 0.58 | 0.53 | 0.49 |
| 弯曲强度MPa | 95 | 92 | 89 |
| 简支梁冲击强度(缺口)kJ/㎡ | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.4 |
| 吸水性mg | 9 | 10 | 8 |
| 热变形温度(1.8MPa)℃ | 202 | 192 | 210 |
Claims (10)
1.一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于其是由以下按重量份数配比的原料组成：
酚醛树脂 25.0-45.0份；
热固性树脂 5.0-10.0份；
固化剂 5.0-8.0份；
固化促进剂 0.2-2.5份；
增强纤维 10.0-15.0份；
天然纤维素 15.0-30.0份；
润滑剂 1.0-3.0份；
纳米级无机填料 15.0-25.0份；
偶联剂 1.5-3.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于所述的酚醛树脂为热塑性线型酚醛树脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于所述的热固性树脂为三聚氰胺甲醛树脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于所述的固化剂为六次甲基四胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于所述的固化促进剂为熟石灰、氧化锌、氧化镁中的一种或多种的组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于所述的增强纤维为长度3.0-6.0mm并且直径为11-13μm的无碱短切玻璃纤维。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于所述的天然纤维素为竹粉和/或木粉。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸酰胺、乙撑双硬脂酸酰胺和卡尔蜡中的一种或几种的组合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于所述的纳米级无机填料为经与钛酸酯偶联剂依次进行共混、搅拌和烘干而活化的改性的云母粉、滑石粉、高岭土、碳酸钙、硫酸钡、氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁中的一种或几种的组合，所述钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为所述纳米级无机填料重量的1.4-1.8%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐热耐湿酚醛模塑料，其特征在于所述的偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂中的一种或几种组合。
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