CN109328514B - Saline-alkali soil improvement method and application thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil improvement method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109328514B CN109328514B CN201811237525.1A CN201811237525A CN109328514B CN 109328514 B CN109328514 B CN 109328514B CN 201811237525 A CN201811237525 A CN 201811237525A CN 109328514 B CN109328514 B CN 109328514B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明提供一种盐碱地改良方法及其应用，涉及盐碱地改良技术领域。该盐碱地改良方法包括以下步骤：植物秸秆进行粉碎，然后在植物秸秆表面均匀的散水后喷施米根霉孢子液，发酵10～15天；发酵产物与河泥、泥炭混合均匀，然后喷施混合发酵剂进行二次发酵；所述混合发酵剂包括MP复合益生菌制剂和硝化细菌；对改良的盐碱地进行翻耕，翻耕深度0.5～1.5m；将二次发酵产物均匀的散在翻耕土地上，并进行连续翻耕。本发明提供的盐碱地改良方法，能够显著的降低土壤的pH值，降低土壤的含盐量，提高土壤的肥效，有利于植物的生长。The invention provides a saline-alkali land improvement method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvement. The method for improving saline-alkali land includes the following steps: crushing plant straws, then spraying the spore liquid of Rhizopus oryzae on the surface of the plant straws after evenly dispersing water, and fermenting for 10 to 15 days; mixing the fermentation product with river mud and peat uniformly, and then spraying and mixing The starter is subjected to secondary fermentation; the mixed starter includes MP compound probiotics preparation and nitrifying bacteria; the improved saline-alkali land is ploughed, and the ploughing depth is 0.5-1.5m; the secondary fermentation products are evenly scattered on the ploughed land , and continuous tillage. The saline-alkali land improvement method provided by the invention can significantly reduce the pH value of the soil, reduce the salt content of the soil, improve the fertilizer efficiency of the soil, and be beneficial to the growth of plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil improvement method and application thereof.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, which means that the salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops, and according to the incomplete statistics of the textbook organization and the grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein 9913 million hectares are in China. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive. The saline-alkali soil is formed under certain natural conditions, and the essence of the formation is that various easily soluble salts are redistributed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the ground, so that the salt is gradually accumulated on the soil surface layer of the salt collecting area.
The existing saline-alkali soil improvement method mainly comprises physical improvement and chemical improvement, wherein the physical improvement comprises the following steps: (1) and (5) leveling the ground. And (5) reserving a certain slope, and digging a drainage ditch so as to irrigate water and pour salt. (2) Ridge lines are sunded in deep ploughing. The land with heavy viscosity and poor water permeability and a poor structure, especially the saline-alkali wasteland of the original platform, is ploughed before the rainy season comes, can loosen the surface soil to enhance the water permeability, and prevents the rising of water and salt. (3) The soil is loosened in time, the soil can keep good soil moisture, and the salt content is controlled to rise. (4) The bottom sealing type soil removal lifting ground and the above-ground flowerpot type soil removal lifting ground. (5) Soil is changed in micro areas, and soil is prepared in large holes. When planting trees, the plastic film isolation belt is firstly placed in the tree hole and added with soil. Sometimes, a salt-separating layer is laid in the pit, and coarse sand, furnace ash, sawdust, broken bark, horse dung or wheat bran are laid and then soil is filled.
The disadvantages of the physical modification: the capillary action of the soil is destroyed and the further accumulation of salt to the earth surface is blocked by the measures of land leveling, soil dressing, sand pressing, soil loosening, field lifting and the like. The large amount of the engineering of the soil-covered method, high cost and the incoordination of economic cost are important reasons for restricting the popularization and the application of the soil-covered method.
The chemical improvement of the chemical improved saline-alkali soil mainly comprises adding chemical substances into the soil to achieve the purposes of reducing the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil and improving the soil structure. The chemical improvement comprises: the chemical application of chemical acidic waste material calcium superphosphate to saline-alkali soil can reduce pH value and increase the resistance of tree. The fertilizer is applied to proper mineral fertilizer to supplement the contents of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and the like in the soil, and has obvious improvement effect. Other chemical modifiers are applied, including gypsum, phosphogypsum, desulfurized gypsum, sulfur, humic acid, furfural residue and the like.
The disadvantages of the chemical modification: the large part of the saline-alkali soil is that the soil is hardened, slowly worsened and finally damaged due to the use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Therefore, the existing saline-alkali soil improvement method generally has the defects of high improvement cost, environmental damage and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to avoid the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a saline-alkali soil improvement method and application thereof, and solves the technical problems of high improvement cost and environment damage commonly existing in the conventional saline-alkali soil improvement.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing plant straws, then uniformly dispersing water on the surfaces of the plant straws, spraying rhizopus oryzae spore liquid, and fermenting for 10-15 days;
s2: uniformly mixing the fermentation product obtained in the step S1 with river mud and peat, and then spraying a mixed starter to perform secondary fermentation; the mixed starter comprises an MP compound probiotic preparation and nitrobacteria;
s3: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.5-1.5 m;
s4: the secondary fermentation product obtained in step S2 is uniformly scattered on the plowed land and continuously plowed.
Preferably, the step S1 further includes adding ground corn cob, and mixing the ground corn cob and the ground plant straw for fermentation.
Preferably, the plant straws are crushed to 50-100 meshes, and the corncobs are crushed to 50-100 meshes.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature in the step S1 is 30-35 ℃, and the humidity is kept to be more than 65% in the fermentation process.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the MP compound probiotic preparation to the nitrifying bacteria in the mixed starter culture obtained in the step S2 is 2-3: 1.
Preferably, the number of continuous plowing in the step S4 is 3 to 10, and the uniform mixing of the secondary fermentation product into the soil is completed.
Preferably, the temperature of the secondary fermentation in the step S2 is 45-50 ℃, and the time of the secondary fermentation is 5-7 days.
Preferably, the usage amount of the secondary fermentation product in the step S4 is 100-160 kg/mu.
In another aspect, the invention also provides application of the saline-alkali soil improvement method in saline-alkali soil improvement.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
1. according to the saline-alkali soil improvement method provided by the invention, rhizopus oryzae is used for fermenting plant straws to generate a large amount of organic matters and organic acids, including lactic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, citric acid and the like. The fermentation product of the rhizopus oryzae is mixed with river mud and peat and then inoculated with an MP compound probiotic preparation and nitrobacteria for secondary fermentation, the river mud contains rich organic matters, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, and has rich nutrient elements and improves the fertilizer efficiency of soil, and the peat is light in weight, has water retention and fertilizer retention, is beneficial to microbial activity, enhances biological performance, is rich in nutrition, is a culture medium, is a good soil regulator, and contains high organic matters, humic acid and nutrient components. By the fermentation of the MP compound probiotic preparation and nitrobacteria, the river mud and peat are cured, the content of organic matters and humic acid of the river mud and peat is increased, and microorganisms are activated. And (3) fully mixing the mixture with the saline-alkali soil, and reducing the pH value of the soil by using organic acid produced by rhizopus oryzae fermentation to balance the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. The humic acid can improve the buffer capacity of the soil, can react with sodium carbonate to form sodium humate, and reduces the alkalinity of the soil. The sodium humate can also stimulate the growth of crops, enhance the salt resistance and reduce the salt content. The humus can promote the formation of granular structure, thereby increasing the porosity, enhancing the water permeability, facilitating the leaching of salt and inhibiting the salt return. And contains a large amount of organic matters and nutrient elements, thereby improving the fertilizer efficiency of the soil. The beneficial microbial flora continuously moves, can activate nitrogen in the air, continuously supplement soil organic matters and slowly release nutrient elements required by the growth of crops. Improve the physical property of the soil, keep the soil soft, facilitate the cultivation, promote the granular structure of the soil, increase the soil pores and promote the growth of root groups. Is beneficial to the growth of plants.
2. According to the saline-alkali soil improvement method provided by the invention, organic acid and organic matter are generated through the primary fermentation of rhizopus oryzae, and then secondary fermentation is carried out through inoculating the MP compound probiotic preparation and nitrobacteria, so that river mud and peat cannot be aged in the secondary fermentation process, and beneficial flora in the river mud and peat can be activated. Secondly, because the rhizopus oryzae can cause negative influence on the growth of plants, the fermentation temperature is controlled in the secondary fermentation process, and the fermentation temperature of bacteria is higher than the growth temperature of the rhizopus oryzae, so that the growth of the rhizopus oryzae is inhibited by controlling the temperature in the secondary fermentation process, the bacteria become dominant strains to inhibit the growth and the propagation of the rhizopus oryzae, the purpose of inactivating the rhizopus oryzae is achieved, and the negative influence on the growth of the plants in the later period is avoided.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
the embodiment of the invention provides a saline-alkali soil improvement method which comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing plant straws, then uniformly spraying rhizopus oryzae spore liquid on the surfaces of the plant straws after water is dispersed, and fermenting for 10 days; the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, and the humidity is kept to be more than 65% in the fermentation process.
The plant straws are crushed to 50 meshes, and the corn straws are selected in the embodiment.
S2: uniformly mixing the fermentation product obtained in the step S1) with river mud and peat, and then spraying a mixed starter to perform secondary fermentation; the mixed starter comprises an MP compound probiotic preparation and nitrobacteria; the mass ratio of the MP compound probiotic preparation to the nitrifying bacteria is 2: 1; the temperature of the secondary fermentation is 45 ℃, and the time of the secondary fermentation is 5 days.
S3: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.5-1.5 m;
s4: and (5) uniformly scattering the secondary fermentation product obtained in the step (S2) on a ploughed land, and continuously ploughing for 3-10 times until the secondary fermentation product is uniformly mixed into the soil, wherein 100kg of the secondary fermentation product is scattered per mu of land.
Example 2:
the embodiment of the invention provides a saline-alkali soil improvement method which comprises the following steps:
s1: the plant straws are crushed into 100 meshes, the corncobs are mixed and sprayed with rhizopus oryzae spore liquid after being uniformly dispersed on the surface, and the mixture is fermented for 15 days. The fermentation degree is 35 ℃, and the humidity is kept to be more than 65% in the fermentation process. The embodiment selects corn stalks.
S2: uniformly mixing the fermentation product obtained in the step S1) with river mud and peat, and then spraying a mixed starter to perform secondary fermentation; the mixed starter comprises an MP compound probiotic preparation and nitrobacteria; the mass ratio of the MP compound probiotic preparation to the nitrifying bacteria in the mixed starter is 3: 1. The temperature of the secondary fermentation in the step S2 is 50 ℃, and the time of the secondary fermentation is 7 days.
S3: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.5-1.5 m;
s4: and (5) uniformly scattering the secondary fermentation product obtained in the step (S2) on a ploughed land, and continuously ploughing for 3-10 times until the secondary fermentation product is uniformly mixed into the soil, wherein 160kg of the secondary fermentation product is scattered per mu of land.
Example 3:
the embodiment of the invention provides a saline-alkali soil improvement method which comprises the following steps:
s1: the plant straws are crushed into 50 meshes, the corncobs are mixed and sprayed with rhizopus oryzae spore liquid after being uniformly dispersed on the surface, and the mixture is fermented for 12 days. The fermentation degree is 32 ℃, and the humidity is kept to be more than 65% in the fermentation process. The embodiment selects corn stalks.
S2: uniformly mixing the fermentation product obtained in the step S1) with river mud and peat, and then spraying a mixed starter to perform secondary fermentation; the mixed starter comprises an MP compound probiotic preparation and nitrobacteria, wherein the mass ratio of the MP compound probiotic preparation to the nitrobacteria is 2: 1. The temperature of the secondary fermentation was 47 ℃ and the time of the secondary fermentation was 6 days.
S3: ploughing the saline-alkali soil to be improved, wherein the ploughing depth is 0.5-1.5 m;
s4: and (4) uniformly scattering the secondary fermentation product obtained in the step (S2) on a ploughed land, and continuously ploughing for 3-10 times until the secondary fermentation product is uniformly mixed into the soil and 130kg of the secondary fermentation product is scattered per mu of land.
The method of the embodiments 1 to 3 is applied to the improvement of saline-alkali soil. The method of example 1 was used in test field one, the method of example 2 was used in test field two, and the method of example 3 was used in test field three.
The saline-alkali soil improvement was carried out by the method of examples 1 to 3, and the results of the changes in the salt content, pH value and organic matter content of the soil before and after the improvement are shown in the following table:
in conclusion, according to the saline-alkali soil improvement method provided by the invention, the saline-alkali soil is improved according to the methods of the embodiments 1 to 3, the pH of the improved saline-alkali soil is close to neutral, the salt content is greatly reduced, the organic matter content of the soil is greatly improved, and the fertilizer efficiency of the soil is improved.
The strawberries are planted in the test fields respectively, and data statistics is carried out on the plant height, the leaf area and the yield per mu during planting, and the structure is shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, after the strawberry is transplanted for 10 days, the plant heights of the first test field, the second test field and the third test field are significantly improved compared with those of the untreated test field, after 30 days, the creeping plants of the untreated test field are only 14.3cm long, while the creeping plants of the improved second test field are only 33cm long, and the yield of the saline-alkali soil improved by the embodiments 1 to 3 is significantly improved compared with that of the untreated test field, wherein the yield per mu of the test field improved by the embodiment 2 is the highest and reaches 5200 kg.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
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| CN109874436B (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2022-03-11 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | A method for improving saline-alkali soil by using forest litter |
| CN113214034B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2023-02-10 | 宁夏润地农牧科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer applicable to sandy saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113748771A (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2021-12-07 | 浙江安诺农业科技有限公司 | Efficient saline-alkali soil improvement method capable of improving and planting crops simultaneously |
| CN114531991A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏省地质调查研究院 | Coastal saline-alkali soil matrix improvement method |
| CN115428635A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-12-06 | 武汉华天园林集团有限公司 | Fertilizing method for improving survival rate of green plants in saline-alkali area |
| CN115418230A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-12-02 | 刘妍 | Preparation method of saline-alkali soil improver |
| CN119256888A (en) * | 2024-12-09 | 2025-01-07 | 三亚市国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心 | A method for improving rice production in saline land |
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