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CN109324642A - Outflow Constant Method and Structure - Google Patents

Outflow Constant Method and Structure Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109324642A
CN109324642A CN201811183586.4A CN201811183586A CN109324642A CN 109324642 A CN109324642 A CN 109324642A CN 201811183586 A CN201811183586 A CN 201811183586A CN 109324642 A CN109324642 A CN 109324642A
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China
Prior art keywords
energy dissipation
energy dissipating
level
constant
units
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Granted
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CN201811183586.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN109324642B (en
Inventor
仵峰
刘少波
宰松梅
仵迪
刘焕
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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Publication of CN109324642A publication Critical patent/CN109324642A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D7/00Control of flow
    • G05D7/06Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to irrigation technique fields.One kind goes out to flow constant structure, comprising: upper layer plane runner, inside be successively laid with multiple level-one energy dissipating units, the front end of the upper layer plane runner is provided with water inlet;Lower layer's plane runner, multiple second level energy dissipating units are successively laid with inside it, multiple level-one energy dissipating units are correspondingly arranged with multiple second level energy dissipating units up and down respectively, and are provided with intercommunicating pore between the corresponding level-one energy dissipating unit and the second level energy dissipating unit;And outlet passage, each second level energy dissipating unit passes through water outlet connection corresponding with the outlet passage, and constant current mouth is provided on the outlet passage.Go out disclosed herein as well is one kind and flows constant method.The application overall structure no-movable part automatically selects the path of energy dissipating according to intake pressure by four-dimensional energy dissipating, to realize water outlet constant current constant voltage.

Description

Constant method and structure are flowed out
Technical field
The invention belongs to irrigation technique fields, and in particular to one kind, which goes out, flows constant method and structure.
Background technique
Stream stabilization is to realize an important method of uniformity of irrigation water appilcation out.The main function of flow regulator is stationary flow Amount, is realized under different inlet pressures, go out a kind of device that stream keeps relative stability, it can be automatic according to overpressure size The flow for flowing through adjuster is adjusted in a metastable range." flow regulator " such as, which is added, in hollow billet import (often claims " stream Tune device ", " flow straightener ";Hereinafter it is referred to as stream and adjusts device), this problem can be well solved, so capillary flow tune device use is got over Come more universal.Pressure compensation is strong, and especially suitable for rolling topography, system pressure is unbalanced and the longer situation of hollow billet.
Device is adjusted to combine with water dropper stream, as compensating drop irrigation head, it changes flexible silicon film out by water flow pressure Mouth of a river section adjusts flow, makes stable water outlet.
In addition, as shown in Figure 10, steady flow compensator is also a kind of device that stabilization flows out.Steady flow compensator is divided into three chambers Body: high-voltage energy storage chamber (A chamber), flow adjusting cavity (B chamber) and precompressed balancing device (C chamber).Negative-pressure detection device real-time detection is steady The water consumption situation of change for flowing B chamber in compensator, when detecting that actual used water amount is less than the feedwater flow of pipe network, pipe network at this time Negative pressure is not generated, steady flow compensator A chamber enters energy storage state;When detecting that actual used water amount is greater than the feedwater flow of pipe network, Equipment acquires the intracavitary vacuum degree of steady flow compensator B and water level letter by the detection device in vacuum suppresser and steady flow compensator Number, it is acted by the special device that microcomputer controls C chamber in vacuum suppresser and steady flow compensator, by steady flow compensator A chamber Central Plains Energy (inert gas) to lay in is discharged, to compensate the deficiency of B chamber energy at this time, reach pressure in whole system from Dynamic equilibrium state inhibits the generation of negative pressure, completes continual lasting water supply.
Documents 201010128825 disclose a kind of flow regulator, have being made of elastic material for annular Throttling body, it itself adjust be limited to the fluid flowed through between star-wheel pressure under the control gap that changes, wherein protecting The adjusting star-wheel held on lead screw has the adjustment profile portion changed in the longitudinal direction on their outer circumference and moves in the longitudinal direction Ground is directed to, and is enabled the rotary motion of screw rod to be converted into adjusting the longitudinal movement of star-wheel and is adjusted star-wheel and throttling body will pass through Relative position variation come change control gap, to realize the adjusting of flow.
Flow regulator in above-mentioned documents drives movable part by elastic material (silica gel piece, spring etc.), living The presence of dynamic component, reduces reliability, and is easy aging, causes performance unstable, influence using effect;In addition, passing through The big minor adjustment flow for changing water outlet end face, being easy to appear end face and reducing causes flow control not accurate, and is easy blocking, leads Flow regulator is caused to scrap.
Summary of the invention
It the purpose of the present invention is in view of the above problems and insufficient, provides a kind of reasonable in design, can be realized Four-dimensional energy dissipating, and no-movable part go out flow constant method and structure, can effectively realize and be selected automatically according to intake pressure The path of energy dissipating is selected, to realize the constant current constant voltage of water outlet.
In order to achieve the above objectives, it is adopted the technical scheme that:
One kind goes out to flow constant structure, comprising: upper layer plane runner, inside be successively laid with multiple level-one energy dissipating units, in institute The front end for stating upper layer plane runner is provided with water inlet;Lower layer's plane runner, inside be successively laid with multiple second level energy dissipatings Unit, multiple level-one energy dissipating units are correspondingly arranged with multiple second level energy dissipating units up and down respectively, and corresponding described Intercommunicating pore is provided between level-one energy dissipating unit and the second level energy dissipating unit;And outlet passage, each second level energy dissipating unit By water outlet connection corresponding with the outlet passage, and constant current mouth is provided on the outlet passage.
It is according to the present invention to go out to flow constant structure, it is preferable that the level-one energy dissipating unit includes being laid in the upper layer to put down Level-one energy dissipating block in surface current road;Between the level-one energy dissipating block and upper layer plane runner or/and the adjacent two level-one energy dissipating The first wasteway is formed between block;The intercommunicating pore is arranged at the corresponding level-one energy dissipating block rear portion.
It is according to the present invention to go out to flow constant structure, it is preferable that be provided at least two level-ones in the level-one energy dissipating unit Energy dissipating block, the level-one energy dissipating block front form the first disorder chamber;After multiple intercommunicating pores are laid in the level-one energy dissipating block Portion.
It is according to the present invention to go out to flow constant structure, it is preferable that there are three level-one energy dissipatings for setting in the level-one energy dissipating unit Block, and the first wasteway is formed between the adjacent two level-one energy dissipating block, it is in hemisphere cavity-like that first wasteway front, which is formed, Or the first disorder chamber of taper.
It is according to the present invention to go out to flow constant structure, it is preferable that the second level energy dissipating unit includes that setting is flat in the lower layer Second level energy dissipating block in surface current road, between the second level energy dissipating block and lower layer's plane runner or/and the adjacent two second level energy dissipating The second wasteway is formed between block, second wasteway front forms the second disorder chamber;The water outlet is arranged corresponding The second level energy dissipating block rear portion.
It is according to the present invention to go out to flow constant structure, it is preferable that energy dissipating chamber is formed between the adjacent two second level energy dissipating unit, The intercommunicating pore and the water outlet are correspondingly arranged with the corresponding energy dissipating chamber.
It is according to the present invention to go out to flow constant structure, it is preferable that each second level energy dissipating unit is provided with a second level and disappears Energy block, forms the second wasteway, the second level energy dissipating block rear portion is set between the second level energy dissipating block and lower layer's plane runner It is equipped with energy dissipating chamber, and the energy dissipating chamber is placed on corresponding second wasteway.
It is according to the present invention to go out to flow constant structure, it is preferable that the front end face of the second level energy dissipating block parabolically type or cone Type, the energy dissipating chamber are the vallecular cavity being arranged on the second level energy dissipating block rear end face, the intercommunicating pore and water outlet dislocation The upper and lower sides of the vallecular cavity are set.
It is according to the present invention to go out to flow constant structure, it is preferable that in the upper layer plane runner and lower layer's plane runner It is provided at least 4 groups of corresponding energy dissipating units.
One kind, which goes out, flows constant method, comprising the following steps:
At least twice plane runner is laid in stacking;
Multiple energy dissipating units are successively laid in each plane runner, and are successively laid between adjacent two planes runner multiple Intercommunicating pore;
Fluid is flowed into through upper side plane runner, and is flowed out by the plane runner of downside;
According to the pressure of fluid, fluid automatically selects the energy dissipating unit and intercommunicating pore in each plane runner, completes energy dissipating, And it realizes from constant current.
By adopting the above technical scheme, acquired beneficial effect is:
1. overall construction design of the present invention is reasonable, whole no-movable part, and performance is relatively reliable, effectively avoids tradition Movable part structure existing for easily blocking, aging the problem of;
2. the application is designed based on three-dimensional repetitive structure, realize in same energy dissipating block mostly into the water flow movement having more, performance Stablize, realizes the variation according to water flow pressure, it is automatic to plan energy dissipating path, by mostly into having more, realizing the disengaging of water flow It is adjusted with the adaptivity of pressure;
3. the application combines flow characteristics simultaneously based on four-dimensional concept, plane energy dissipating, three-dimensional energy dissipating are realized to when utilizing Between difference and reflux four-dimensional energy dissipating, improve effect of energy dissipation, performance is stablized, and can effectively realize high pressure current stabilization and low pressure current stabilization Integration, ensured the effect of current stabilization.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, hereinafter by the attached drawing to the embodiment of the present invention into Row is simple to be introduced.Wherein, attached drawing is used only for showing some embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments of the invention are limited It is formed on this.
Fig. 1 is the fractionation structural representation according to an embodiment of the present invention for flowing constant structure out, and it illustrates upper layer planes The positional relationship of runner, lower layer's plane runner and outlet passage.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of level-one energy dissipating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it illustrates level-one energy dissipating blocks, The positional relationship of one wasteway, the first disorder chamber.
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of second level energy dissipating unit according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it illustrates second level energy dissipating blocks, The positional relationship of two wasteways, the second disorder chamber.
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram according to the outlet passage of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is to go out to flow the structural schematic diagram of constant structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the left view structural representation of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is the fluid path schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention under low voltage situations.
Fig. 8 is the fluid path schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention in middle pressure.
Fig. 9 is the fluid path schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention under high-pressure situations.
Figure 10 is the structural schematic diagram of steady flow compensator in the prior art.
Serial number in figure:
100 it is upper layer plane runner, 110 be level-one energy dissipating unit, 111 be level-one energy dissipating block, 112 be the first wasteway, 113 is First disorder chamber, 120 be intercommunicating pore, 130 be water inlet;
200 it is lower layer's plane runner, 210 be second level energy dissipating unit, 211 be second level energy dissipating block, 212 be the second wasteway, 213 is Second disorder chamber, 214 be energy dissipating chamber, 220 be water outlet;
300 it is outlet passage, 301 is constant current mouth;
401 be microcomputer frequency-conversion control cabinet, 402 be butterfly valve, 403 be pressure sensor, 404 be cleaning blowdown valve, 405 be current stabilization mend Repay device, 406 be backflow preventer, 407 be vacuum suppresser, 408 be filter, 409 be vacuum table, 410 be tap water, 411 For user.
Specific embodiment
In order to enable the purpose of technical solution of the present invention, technical characteristic and technical effect are clearer, it hereinafter will knot The attached drawing for closing the specific embodiment of the invention, is clearly and completely described the exemplary scenario of the embodiment of the present invention.Obviously, institute The embodiment of description is a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on described reality of the invention Example is applied, those of ordinary skill in the art's every other embodiment obtained under the premise of being not necessarily to creative work belongs to The scope of protection of the invention.
Referring to Fig. 1-Fig. 6, the present invention is a kind of to be gone out to flow constant structure, including upper layer plane runner 100, lower layer's plane runner 200 and outlet passage 300, and in being cascading, on upper layer, wherein one end of plane runner 100 is provided with water inlet 130, And the top of upper layer plane runner is open design, for bonding with aqueducts such as hollow billets, is provided on outlet passage 300 Constant current mouth 301, high pressure water flow is flowed into from water inlet 130, after energy dissipating, is flowed out from constant current mouth 301, is realized the pressure of water outlet water flow The stabilization of power and flow.
Specifically, multiple level-one energy dissipating units 110 are successively laid with inside upper layer plane runner 100 in the present embodiment, Multiple second level energy dissipating units 210 are successively laid with inside lower layer's plane runner 200, according to actual application field, for hydraulic pressure The parameter requests such as power, discharge pressure, to reasonably choose the quantity and size of energy dissipating unit, under normal circumstances, upper layer plane At least 4 groups of corresponding energy dissipating units are provided in runner and lower layer's plane runner;Multiple level-one energy dissipating units 110 respectively with it is more A about 210 second level energy dissipating unit is correspondingly arranged, and is set between corresponding level-one energy dissipating unit 110 and second level energy dissipating unit 210 It is equipped with intercommunicating pore 120, is connected to, further realizes with the multiple spot of lower layer plane runner 200 to realize upper layer plane runner 100 The one of upper layer plane runner 100 into having more, lower layer's plane runner 200 mostly into having more;Meanwhile each second level energy dissipating unit 210 is By the connection corresponding with outlet passage 300 of water outlet 220, and it is provided with constant current mouth 301 on outlet passage 300, realizes out Water flow passage 300 mostly goes out into one.
Wherein, level-one energy dissipating unit 110 includes at least one the level-one energy dissipating block 111 being laid in the plane runner of upper layer; The first wasteway is formed between level-one energy dissipating block 111 and upper layer plane runner 100 or/and between adjacent two level-ones energy dissipating block 111 112;Intercommunicating pore 120 is arranged at corresponding 111 rear portion of level-one energy dissipating block.Disappear as shown in Fig. 2, showing in level-one in the present embodiment There are three level-one energy dissipating blocks 111 for setting in energy unit 110, and three intercommunicating pores 120 are laid in 111 rear portion of level-one energy dissipating block, adjacent The first wasteway 112 is formed between two level-one energy dissipating blocks 111, it is in hemisphere cavity-like or taper that 112 front of the first wasteway, which is formed, First disorder chamber 113.When water flow passes through level-one energy dissipating block 111, acted on the front end face of level-one energy dissipating block 111, to be formed inverse To water flow, energy dissipating is realized, and the further rectification of hydraulic pressure is realized in disorder chamber, and then flow backward from the first wasteway 112 Out, when its water flow pressure is still excessive, part of it can be from the downward layer plane runner outflow of corresponding intercommunicating pore, another part Energy dissipating further being carried out by subsequent level-one energy dissipating unit, the energy dissipating path of water flow is automatically controlled according to water flow pressure.
Second level energy dissipating unit 210 includes the second level energy dissipating block 211 being arranged in lower layer's plane runner 200, second level energy dissipating block The second wasteway 212 is formed between 211 and lower layer's plane runner 200 or/and between adjacent two second levels energy dissipating block 211, second overflows 212 front of runner forms the second disorder chamber 213;Water outlet 220 is arranged at corresponding 211 rear portion of second level energy dissipating block, in order to realize Further effect of energy dissipation, by between adjacent two second levels energy dissipating unit 210 formed energy dissipating chamber 214, intercommunicating pore 120 and go out The mouth of a river 220 is correspondingly arranged with corresponding energy dissipating chamber 214.Specific structure is as shown in figure 3, each second level energy dissipating unit 210 is all provided with It is equipped with a second level energy dissipating block 211, the front end face of second level energy dissipating block 211 parabolically type or tapered, second level energy dissipating block 211 is under The second wasteway 212 is formed between layer plane runner 200,211 rear portion of second level energy dissipating block is provided with energy dissipating chamber 214, and energy dissipating chamber 214 are placed on corresponding second wasteway 212, the specific structure of energy dissipating chamber 214 are as follows: energy dissipating chamber 214 is that setting disappears in second level Vallecular cavity on energy 211 rear end face of block enables to water flow that reverse flow, and company corresponding with vallecular cavity is presented to realize postposition The water flow of through-hole forms the time difference herein, forms four-dimensional energy dissipating effect, in addition, in order to advanced optimize the effect of energy dissipating chamber effect Fruit, intercommunicating pore 120 and water outlet 220 shift to install the upper and lower sides in vallecular cavity.
Go out disclosed herein as well is one kind and flow constant method, comprising the following steps:
At least twice plane runner is laid in stacking;Multiple energy dissipating units are successively laid in each plane runner, and adjacent Multiple intercommunicating pores are successively laid between two plane runners;Fluid is flowed into through upper side plane runner, and by the plane runner stream of downside Out;Specific structure is as shown in above-described embodiment, while the specific structure in the present embodiment includes but do not limit above-mentioned energy dissipating list Shape, the number of plies of quantity and plane runner of member.
According to the pressure of fluid, fluid automatically selects the energy dissipating unit and intercommunicating pore in each plane runner, completes Energy dissipating, and realize from constant current.
As Figure 7-9, in the case of showing three kinds of low pressure, medium and high pressure fluid intake pressures, the energy dissipating road of fluid The substantially trend of diameter;When Fig. 7 is that the fluid of water inlet is in low pressure, excessive level-one is needed not move through in the plane runner of upper layer Energy dissipating unit can flow into lower layer's plane runner by corresponding intercommunicating pore and carry out further energy dissipating, eventually by water flow out Road outflow.
As shown in figure 8, fluid is most of or even whole by upper layer plane runner when the fluid of water inlet is in middle pressure Level-one energy dissipating unit, and fluid flows into lower layer's plane runner by each corresponding intercommunicating pore and carries out further energy dissipating, finally It is flowed out by outlet passage.
As shown in figure 9, when the fluid of water inlet is in high pressure, level-one energy dissipating of the fluid by upper layer plane runner whole Unit, and lower layer's plane runner is entered by each corresponding intercommunicating pore and carries out further energy dissipating, at this point, in addition to level-one energy dissipating list Outside the energy dissipating of member and second level energy dissipating unit, the effect of the counter fluid of upper layer plane runner and lower layer's plane runner is also suffered from Power is realized four-dimensional energy dissipating, is flowed out eventually by outlet passage.
Three of the above form is only using the walking path of three kinds of relatively recapitulative fluids as explanation, so that this field In the case that technical staff can clearly be informed in low pressure, middle pressure, high pressure, the intensity and principle of fluid energy dissipating, to realize From the purpose of constant current water flow.
During the work time, the effect and principle of energy dissipating are as described below:
1. high pressure water flow passes through energy dissipating block, in addition to generating linear loss, being influenced by the position of energy dissipating block, water flow generates turbulent fluctuation, Energy, i.e. local head loss are consumed, accounts for 90% of total energy consumption or more;
2. after water flow is by first energy dissipating block energy consumption, accounting is big, and water flow will be by the excessive of periphery streamline if inlet pressure is low Runner forms certain stream out, at this moment belongs to two-dimensional plane energy dissipating by this structure;
3. after water flow is by first energy dissipating block energy consumption, remaining biggish complementary energy, water flow was removed by week if inlet pressure increases Side outflow is outer, and water flow will be downwardly into exit passageway by the intercommunicating pore of first energy dissipating block;That is disappearing by second level energy dissipating unit Energy block, further energy dissipating form certain stream out, belong to three-dimensional three-dimensional energy dissipating.
4. after water flow is by k-th of energy dissipating block energy consumption, remaining biggish complementary energy, water if inlet pressure continues growing Stream will be downwardly into energy dissipating chamber by the outlet of kth energy dissipating block, and generate reverse flow, in addition to energy consumption 3., increase in energy dissipating chamber Positive water flow and reverse water flow and blending are added, further energy dissipating increases one-dimensional energy dissipating, belongs to four-dimensional three-dimensional energy dissipating.
In short, with the increase of inlet pressure, water flow turns to higher-dimension energy dissipating by low-dimensional energy dissipating so that the same energy dissipating block with The raising of inlet pressure, effect of energy dissipation are more and more stronger;Vice versa.
By pressing water inlet pressure adjust automatically water stream channel, to eliminate the extra pressure head of entrance, guarantee Exit water flow pressure is relatively stable, realizes the effect of outlet pressure and stability of flow under different inlet pressures.
The terms "and/or" indicates may exist three kinds of relationships.For example, A and/or B can be indicated: individualism A, Exist simultaneously A and B, these three situations of individualism B.In addition, it is a kind of that character "/", which typicallys represent forward-backward correlation object, herein The relationship of "or".
Unless otherwise defined, the technical term or scientific term used herein should be in fields of the present invention and has The ordinary meaning that the personage of general technical ability is understood.Used in present patent application specification and claims " the One ", " second " and similar word are not offered as any sequence, quantity or importance, and are used only to distinguish different Component part.Equally, the similar word such as "one" or " one " also not necessarily indicates quantity limitation." comprising " or "comprising" etc. Similar word mean to occur element or object before the word cover the element for appearing in the word presented hereinafter or object and It is equivalent, and is not excluded for other elements or object.The similar word such as " connection " or " connected " not now due to physics or The connection of person's machinery, but may include electrical connection, it is either direct or indirect."upper", "lower", " left side ", " right side " etc. is only used for indicating relative positional relationship, after the absolute position for being described object changes, then the relative positional relationship May correspondingly it change.
It is described in detail exemplary embodiment of the invention above in reference to preferred embodiment, however art technology Personnel it will be appreciated that under the premise of without departing substantially from theory of the present invention, above-mentioned specific embodiment can be made a variety of modifications and Remodeling, and multiple combinations can be carried out to each technical characteristic proposed by the present invention, structure, and without departing from protection model of the invention It encloses, protection scope of the present invention is determined by the attached claims.

Claims (10)

1.一种出流恒定结构,其特征在于,包括:1. an outflow constant structure is characterized in that, comprising: 上层平面流道,其内部依次布设有多个一级消能单元,在所述上层平面流道的前端部设置有进水口;The upper plane flow channel is arranged with a plurality of first-level energy dissipation units in sequence, and a water inlet is arranged at the front end of the upper plane flow channel; 下层平面流道,其内部依次布设有多个二级消能单元,多个所述一级消能单元分别与多个所述二级消能单元上下对应设置,且对应的所述一级消能单元与所述二级消能单元之间设置有连通孔;The lower plane flow channel is arranged with a plurality of secondary energy dissipation units in sequence, and a plurality of the primary energy dissipation units are respectively arranged up and down corresponding to the plurality of the secondary energy dissipation units, and the corresponding primary energy dissipation units are respectively arranged. A communication hole is arranged between the energy unit and the secondary energy dissipation unit; 和出水流道,各所述二级消能单元均通过出水口与所述出水流道对应连通,且在所述出水流道上设置有恒流口。and a water outlet flow channel, each of the secondary energy dissipation units is communicated with the water outlet flow channel correspondingly through a water outlet, and a constant flow outlet is provided on the water outlet flow channel. 2.根据权利要求1所述的出流恒定结构,其特征在于,所述一级消能单元包括布设在所述上层平面流道内的一级消能块;所述一级消能块与上层平面流道之间、或/和相邻两所述一级消能块之间形成第一溢流道;所述连通孔设置在对应的所述一级消能块后部。2 . The constant outflow structure according to claim 1 , wherein the first-level energy dissipation unit comprises a first-level energy dissipation block arranged in the upper plane flow channel; the first-level energy dissipation block is connected to the upper layer. 3 . A first overflow channel is formed between the plane flow channels or/and between two adjacent first-level energy dissipating blocks; the communication holes are arranged at the rear of the corresponding first-level energy dissipating blocks. 3.根据权利要求2所述的出流恒定结构,其特征在于,所述一级消能单元内设置有至少两个一级消能块,所述一级消能块前部形成第一紊乱腔;多个所述连通孔布设在所述一级消能块后部。3 . The constant flow structure according to claim 2 , wherein at least two primary energy dissipation blocks are arranged in the primary energy dissipation unit, and the front part of the primary energy dissipation blocks forms a first turbulence. 4 . cavity; a plurality of the communication holes are arranged at the rear of the first-stage energy dissipating block. 4.根据权利要求2或3所述的出流恒定结构,其特征在于,所述一级消能单元内设置有三个一级消能块,且相邻两所述一级消能块之间形成第一溢流道,所述第一溢流道前部形成呈半球腔状或锥形的第一紊乱腔。4 . The constant outflow structure according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein three primary energy dissipation blocks are arranged in the primary energy dissipation unit, and between two adjacent primary energy dissipation blocks. 5 . A first overflow channel is formed, and a first turbulent cavity in the shape of a hemispherical cavity or a cone is formed at the front of the first overflow channel. 5.根据权利要求1所述的出流恒定结构,其特征在于,所述二级消能单元包括设置在所述下层平面流道内的二级消能块,所述二级消能块与下层平面流道之间、或/和相邻两所述二级消能块之间形成第二溢流道,所述第二溢流道前部形成第二紊乱腔;所述出水口设置在对应的所述二级消能块后部。5 . The constant flow structure according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary energy dissipation unit comprises a secondary energy dissipation block arranged in the lower plane flow channel, and the secondary energy dissipation block is connected to the lower layer. 6 . A second overflow channel is formed between the plane flow channels or/and between two adjacent secondary energy dissipating blocks, and a second turbulent cavity is formed at the front of the second overflow channel; the water outlet is arranged in the corresponding the rear of the secondary energy dissipation block. 6.根据权利要求5所述的出流恒定结构,其特征在于,相邻两所述二级消能单元之间形成消能腔,所述连通孔和所述出水口均与相应的所述消能腔对应设置。6 . The constant outflow structure according to claim 5 , wherein an energy dissipating cavity is formed between two adjacent secondary energy dissipating units, and both the communication hole and the water outlet are connected to the corresponding The energy dissipation cavity is set accordingly. 7.根据权利要求5或6所述的出流恒定结构,其特征在于,各所述二级消能单元均设置有一个二级消能块,所述二级消能块与所述下层平面流道之间形成第二溢流道,所述二级消能块后部设置有消能腔,且所述消能腔后置于相应的第二溢流道。7 . The outflow constant structure according to claim 5 or 6 , wherein each of the secondary energy dissipation units is provided with a secondary energy dissipation block, and the secondary energy dissipation block is connected to the lower plane. 8 . A second overflow channel is formed between the flow channels, an energy dissipation cavity is arranged at the rear of the secondary energy dissipation block, and the energy dissipation cavity is placed behind the corresponding second overflow channel. 8.根据权利要求7所述的出流恒定结构,其特征在于,所述二级消能块的前端面呈抛物线型或锥型,所述消能腔为设置在所述二级消能块后端面上的槽腔,所述连通孔和所述出水口错位设置在所述槽腔的上下侧。8 . The constant outflow structure according to claim 7 , wherein the front end surface of the secondary energy dissipation block is parabolic or conical, and the energy dissipation cavity is arranged on the secondary energy dissipation block. 9 . In the groove cavity on the rear end surface, the communication hole and the water outlet are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the groove cavity by dislocation. 9.根据权利要求1所述的出流恒定结构,其特征在于,所述上层平面流道和所述下层平面流道内均设置有至少4组相应的消能单元。9 . The constant outflow structure according to claim 1 , wherein at least 4 groups of corresponding energy dissipation units are arranged in the upper plane flow channel and the lower plane flow channel. 10 . 10.一种出流恒定方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:10. A constant flow method, comprising the steps of: 层叠布设至少两道平面流道;Lay at least two plane flow channels in layers; 在各所述平面流道内依次布设多个消能单元,并在相邻两平面流道之间依次布设多个连通孔;A plurality of energy dissipation units are arranged in sequence in each of the plane flow channels, and a plurality of communication holes are arranged in sequence between two adjacent plane flow channels; 流体经上侧平面流道流入,并由下侧的平面流道流出;The fluid flows in through the upper plane flow channel and flows out from the lower plane flow channel; 根据流体的压力,流体自动选择经过各所述平面流道内的消能单元和连通孔,完成消能,并实现自恒流。According to the pressure of the fluid, the fluid automatically chooses to pass through the energy dissipation unit and the communication hole in each of the plane flow channels to complete energy dissipation and realize self-constant flow.
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