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CN109126723A - 一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法及其应用于镍污染治理 - Google Patents

一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法及其应用于镍污染治理 Download PDF

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CN109126723A
CN109126723A CN201811068994.5A CN201811068994A CN109126723A CN 109126723 A CN109126723 A CN 109126723A CN 201811068994 A CN201811068994 A CN 201811068994A CN 109126723 A CN109126723 A CN 109126723A
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温月丽
王斌
李飞
丰开庆
高志翔
吴旭
刘树森
罗居杰
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Shanxi Yunbo Environmental Protection New Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法及其应用于镍污染治理,属于粉煤灰基吸附材料技术领域,可解决现有对镍的处理效果不理想以及粉煤灰造成的环境污染的问题,制备方法如下:将丙烯酸、二乙醇胺和乙二醇混合均匀后,加入浓硫酸,加热回流;将所得溶液中和后,加入丙烯酰胺,混合均匀,在室温下通入氮气,再加入亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸铵反应;上述溶液中加入粉煤灰,不断搅拌,继续反应;将所得混合物水洗、干燥,即制得粉煤灰基吸附材料。本发明中使用的粉煤灰是一种固体废弃物,来源广泛,本法既可以变废为宝,综合利用废弃物粉煤灰降低环境污染,又可去除水中污染物Ni2+,有效解决重金属镍污染问题。

Description

一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法及其应用于镍污 染治理
技术领域
本发明属于粉煤灰基吸附材料技术领域,具体涉及一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法及其应用于镍污染治理。
背景技术
镍在地壳中的平均丰度为75ppm,在微量元素中是含量比较丰富的元素。全世界每年镍的迁移状况是:岩石风化量为320000吨,河流输送量为19000吨,开采量为560000吨,矿物燃料燃烧排放5600吨。目前,认为镍对环境只是一种潜在的危害物。工业上大部分镍用于制造不锈钢和抗腐蚀合金,并广泛用于镀镍、铸币、制造催化剂和玻璃陶瓷等。
镀镍工业、机器制造业、金属加工业的废水中常含有镍,常用碱法处理,使其生成氢氧化镍(Ni(OH)2)沉淀而清除掉。镍可在土壤中富集,含镍的大气颗粒物沉降、含镍废水灌溉、动植物残体腐烂、岩石风化等都是土壤中镍的来源。植物生长会吸收土壤中的镍。镍含量最高的植物是绿色蔬菜和烟草,可达1.5-3ppm。镍对水稻产生毒性的临界浓度是20ppm。我国规定车间空气中羰基镍的最高容许浓度为0.001mg/m3,地面水中镍的最高容许浓度为0.5mg/L。
粉煤灰是火力发电厂排放量最大的一种固体工业废弃物之一,对环境造成了严重污染。据统计,我国火电厂粉煤灰的主要氧化物组成分别为:SiO2、Al2O3、TFeO(FeO+Fe2O3)、CaO、TiO2、MgO、K2O、Na2O、SO3、MnO等,其中SiO2、Al2O3、TFeO(FeO+Fe2O3)、CaO四种组分所占比例近90%。这些元素的存在,使粉煤灰既具有较大的表面积,又易于进行嫁接改性。利用粉煤灰结构上的这两个优势,来进行改性,制备高选择性的吸附材料,不仅可以降低镍污染,而且可以将粉煤灰进行资源化利用,降低环境污染。因此,本发明提供一种粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法,以及其去除水中Ni2+的应用方法,在去除水中Ni2+方面取得了优异的性能。
发明内容
本发明针对现有对镍的处理效果不理想以及粉煤灰造成的环境污染的问题,提供一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法及其应用于镍污染治理。
本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步,将丙烯酸、二乙醇胺和乙二醇按比例混合均匀后,加入浓硫酸,加热回流3-6h,得到混合溶液A;
第二步,将第一步所得混合溶液A中和后,按比例加入丙烯酰胺,混合均匀后,在25℃条件下,通入氮气,按比例加入亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸铵,在20-40℃下,反应5-10h,得到混合溶液B;
第三步,向混合溶液B中,按比例加入粉煤灰,搅拌条件下,30-80℃下反应1-8h,得到混合物;
第四步,将所得混合物水洗,干燥后,即得到含羟基粉煤灰基吸附材料。
第一步中,丙烯酸和二乙醇胺的物质的量比为1:0.1~1:1.1,丙烯酸和乙二醇的物质的量比为1:0.1~1:1.1,丙烯酸和浓硫酸的物质的量比为1:0.8~1:2。
第二步中,丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的物质的量比为1:0.1~1:10,亚硫酸氢钠与过硫酸铵的物质的量比为1:0.4~1:2,丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸的物质的量总和与亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸铵的物质的量总和比为1:0.004~1:0.013。
第三步中,粉煤灰与丙烯酸的质量比为1:1.03~1:2.06。
一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料应用于镍污染治理。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1. 本发明既利用了粉煤灰具有较大的表面积,又在其表面嫁接了一些能够高选择性吸附Ni2+的基团,如羟基、氨基、羧基等,来提高其Ni2+的吸附选择性,降低镍污染的问题。
2. 本发明中使用的粉煤灰是一种固体废弃物,来源广泛,既综合利用了粉煤灰,实现了粉煤灰的废物再用,又降低了环境污染。
3. 本发明合成的含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料在吸附去除水中的Ni2+方面发挥着重要作用,可用于去除水中的Ni2+,有效解决重金属镍污染的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明的原理图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)将1 mol丙烯酸、0.5 mol二乙醇胺和0.5mol乙二醇混合均匀后,加入2 mol硫酸(浓硫酸),加热回流3~6 h;
(2)将所得溶液用NaOH溶液中和后,将1 mol丙烯酰胺加入上述所得溶液,混合均匀,在25℃下通入氮气,再分别加入0.007mol亚硫酸氢钠和0.006 mol过硫酸铵20~40℃下反应5~10 h;
(3)上述溶液中加入70 g粉煤灰,不断搅拌,30~80℃下继续反应1~8 h;
(4)将所得混合物水洗、干燥,即制得含羟基的粉煤灰基Ni2+吸附材料,记为FMHNi-1。
将50 mg含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料加入到含有50 mg/L Ni2+的10 L水中,3 h 后分别对处理前后水中Ni2+含量进行检测,结果见表1。
实施例2
将实施例1步骤(1)中丙烯酸的用量增加一倍,其它步骤与实施例1相同,所得吸附材料,记为FMHNi-2。
去除水中Ni2+的实验与实施例1 相同,结果见表1。
实施例3
将实施例1步骤(1)中二乙醇胺的用量和乙二醇的用量都增加一倍,其它步骤与实施例1 相同,所得吸附材料,记为FMHNi-3。
去除水中Ni2+的实验与实施例1 相同,结果见表1。
实施例4
将实施例1步骤(2)中过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠用量增加一倍,其它步骤与实施例1 相同,所得吸附材料,记为FMHNi-4。
去除水中Ni2+的实验与实施例1 相同,结果见表1。
实施例5
吸附材料制备步骤与实施例1相同。
在去除水中Ni2+的实验中,将100 mg 粉煤灰基吸附材料FMHCo-1加入到含有100mg/L Ni2+的 10 L水中,3 h后分别对处理前后水中Ni2+含量进行检测,结果见表1。
表1 本发明吸附材料和现有技术去除Ni2+结果对比
从表1可知,利用本发明的制备方法制备的含羟基粉煤灰基吸附材料对污水中的Ni2+吸附率高达99.9%,可以达到文献(胡鸣鸣,安燕,徐萌飞.柚皮改性吸附剂制备及对水中Ni2+的吸附效果[J]。环境科学与技术,2017,40(6):66-72)水平,但用量仅为文献的1/75,表现出了它优异的性能。而且只对Ni2+有高效的去除率。

Claims (5)

1.一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
第一步,将丙烯酸、二乙醇胺和乙二醇按比例混合均匀后,加入浓硫酸,加热回流3-6h,得到混合溶液A;
第二步,将第一步所得混合溶液A中和后,按比例加入丙烯酰胺,混合均匀后,在25℃条件下,通入氮气,按比例加入亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸铵,在20-40℃下,反应5-10h,得到混合溶液B;
第三步,向混合溶液B中,按比例加入粉煤灰,搅拌条件下,30-80℃下反应1-8h,得到混合物;
第四步,将所得混合物水洗,干燥后,即得到含羟基粉煤灰基吸附材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:第一步中,丙烯酸和二乙醇胺的物质的量比为1:0.1~1:1.1,丙烯酸和乙二醇的物质的量比为1:0.1~1:1.1,丙烯酸和浓硫酸的物质的量比为1:0.8~1:2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:第二步中,丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的物质的量比为1:0.1~1:10,亚硫酸氢钠与过硫酸铵的物质的量比为1:0.4~1:2,丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸的物质的量总和与亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸铵的物质的量总和比为1:0.004~1:0.013。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:第三步中,粉煤灰与丙烯酸的质量比为1:1.03~1:2.06。
5.一种如权利要求1至4任意一项所述的含羟基的粉煤灰基吸附材料应用于镍污染治理。
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CN115232539A (zh) * 2022-09-05 2022-10-25 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种耐磨uv涂料及其制备方法
CN116510744A (zh) * 2023-04-26 2023-08-01 浙江天地环保科技股份有限公司 热碱法制备镍锰改性粉煤灰臭氧氧化催化剂

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