CN109036059B - Optical imitation for simulated laser surgery, die structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

An optical phantom for simulating laser surgery and its mold structure and preparation method, wherein the mold structure includes a profiling mold set and a shell, and the profiling mold set includes a first lesion profiling mold, a second lesion profiling mold and normal tissue Interface profiling cover, the first lesion profiling mold, the lesion solid-liquid reversible block formed by the second lesion profiling mold can be positioned within the housing, wherein: the normal tissue optical phantom is outside the first lesion profiling mold After molding, the first lesion profiling mold is directly taken out to form a non-closed lesion cavity, and the optical phantom of the lesion formed by perfusion reaches the surface from the inside of the normal tissue optical phantom; the normal tissue optical phantom is reversible in the solid-liquid of the lesion. After the exterior of the block is formed, the solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion is extracted to form a closed lesion cavity, and the optical phantom of the lesion tissue formed by perfusion penetrates into the interior of the normal tissue optical phantom. The invention can prepare the optical phantom at low temperature or normal temperature, and precisely control the position of the optical phantom.

Description

Optical phantom for simulating laser surgery and its mold structure and preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of phantom models, in particular to an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, a mold structure and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In recent years, laser surgery based on photothermal effect has been widely used in the treatment of ophthalmology, dermatology and stomatology. Due to the characteristics of precise treatment of lesions, lower pain, and less bleeding, lasers are favored by clinicians and have gained considerable development and wide application in clinical practice. However, due to practical problems such as laser wavelength, working mode, pulse energy/output power, pulse width, spot size and other parameters that are difficult to choose in actual laser surgery, and the actual situation of clinical lesions is complex and changeable, it is difficult for clinicians to find the best solution. Laser treatment parameters and treatment techniques carry the risk of poor efficacy and side effects.

Photothermal effect is the most important biological effect in laser surgery. Mastering the law of photothermal transmission and photothermal damage of biological tissue irradiated by laser can make a more effective assessment and prediction of the efficacy and side effects of laser surgery, so as to better grasp and control the surgical process, and realize the clinical standardization and precise treatment of laser. However, at present, most of the research on photothermal transmission and photothermal damage of biological tissues still focuses on the theoretical research stage such as finite element modeling and analysis, which is not suitable for doctors to apply in actual laser surgery, and it is difficult to meet the clinical requirements for optimal treatment parameters. The urgent need for improvement in selection and treatment modalities.

The bio-tissue optical phantom technology is expected to solve the problem of lack of effective quantitative evaluation methods for the differences in photothermal effects produced by different laser parameters and treatment methods in clinical practice. This technology establishes a biomimetic model by imitating the optical characteristics (absorption characteristics, scattering characteristics and reflection characteristics, etc.) of biological tissues, and is usually composed of matrix materials, absorbing materials and scattering materials in a certain proportion according to the optical characteristics. However, because the main application fields of biological tissue optical phantoms are calibration and calibration of biological optical imaging instruments and simulation experiments instead of living organisms, the existing phantom technologies are difficult to meet the actual clinical needs of laser surgery. For example, patent KR20080012444A and patent US6224969B1 only realize homogeneous optical phantoms by changing the ratio of matrix material, absorbent and scattering agent, but cannot prepare phantoms whose morphological structure is close to actual clinical lesions; patents KR20130136419A and KR20170027232A use spin coating method Cortex, and the optical phantom with heterogeneous and complex structure is realized by inserting a blood vessel replica tube. However, this method is complicated to prepare the device, the preparation time is long, and the thickness of the layer prepared by the spin coating method cannot be precisely controlled, so it is difficult to change according to clinical practice; Researchers at the University of North Dakota have used the composite mold method to make biological tissue optical phantoms, using different shapes of molds to cast homogeneous phantom models with different optical properties, and then piecing these phantom models together to prepare a certain shape. An optical phantom of heterogeneous biological tissue with topographical features. The advantage of this technology is that the structure of the preparation device is simple; but the disadvantage is that a mold needs to be made, the process is complicated and time-consuming, and the human factor in the preparation process has a great influence.

At present, the most promising technology to rapidly prepare accurate and reliable optical phantoms according to the actual size and structure of clinical lesions is 3D printing technology. Chinese patent CN201520398648.9 proposes a technology for rapidly preparing a heterogeneous optical phantom that can accurately simulate the optical properties of biological tissues based on the principle of 3D printing and a multi-channel fused deposition nozzle. The main feature of this technology is that a multi-channel feeding device is designed, which can adjust the feeding ratio in real time according to the optical properties of the tissue. After the feeding is melted (the upper limit of the melting temperature is 300 °C), the required optical phantom can be directly prepared by 3D printing. .

In the process of realizing the present invention, the applicant found that the above-mentioned prior art has the following technical defects when applied to simulate laser surgery based on photothermal effect:

(1) The melting step of 3D printing limits the type of raw materials used. Since the raw materials used in the phantom need to undergo a melting step, materials that are easily denatured at high temperatures, such as whole blood, hemoglobin and other biological materials, cannot be used. In this way, it is impossible to simulate the changes of tissue optical and thermal properties and protein denaturation during laser surgery;

(2) It is difficult to simulate the liquid environment of the tissue. Due to the limitation of 3D printing materials, the material extruded from the printing nozzle will cool to a solid at room temperature. However, due to the existence of body fluids (such as blood, etc.) in human tissue, the all-solid structure of this 3D printed optical phantom will be difficult to simulate the evaporation of water after the photothermal effect of human tissue is irradiated by laser light;

(3) The efficiency is low and cannot meet the actual clinical needs. 3D printing technology is more accurate, but slower. If printing large lesions, such as large venous malformations, the printing time is particularly long, and it is difficult to prepare optical phantoms in batches, which cannot meet the actual needs of clinicians for preoperative training and treatment plan optimization.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery and its mold structure and preparation method, so as to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

As an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a mold structure for preparing an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, including a profiling mold set and a housing, wherein:

The profiling mold set includes at least one lesion profiling mold and at least one normal tissue interface profiling cover, and the lesion profiling mold includes a first lesion profiling mold and a second lesion profiling mold, wherein:

The outer contour of the first lesion profiling mold matches the shape of the actual lesion tissue, and a normal tissue optical phantom is formed on the outside of the first lesion profiling mold. After the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed, the The first lesion profiling mold can be directly taken out to form a non-closed lesion cavity to perform optical phantom perfusion of the lesion tissue;

The inner contour of the second lesion profiling mold matches the actual lesion tissue shape, and solid-liquid reversible lumps of lesions are formed inside the second lesion profiling mold, and the outside of the solid-liquid reversible lumps of lesions forms a solid-liquid reversible block. The normal tissue optical phantom, after the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed, the lesion solid-liquid reversible block can be turned into a liquid and drawn out to form a closed lesion cavity for perfusion of the lesion tissue optical phantom;

The contour of a bottom surface of the normal tissue interface profiling cover matches the interface shape of the actual tissue layer, and is used to solidify and form the normal tissue optical phantom along the contour of the bottom surface;

The housing forms an accommodating cavity with an upper opening, and the accommodating cavity is used to perfuse the normal tissue optical phantom and the lesion tissue optical phantom, and place the normal tissue interface profiling cover, so The casing is provided with at least one lesion fixing frame, and the lesion fixing frame is used for positioning the first lesion profiling mold or the lesion solid-liquid reversible block in the accommodating cavity, wherein:

The lesion holder for positioning the solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion is configured to be removable from the receiving cavity to form a needle entry channel in the normal tissue optical phantom, or is configured to have a hollow conduit to form a needle entry channel A channel, through which the solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion can be drawn out and the optical phantom of the lesion tissue can be poured into the closed lesion cavity.

Wherein, the shell is further provided with a water bath support structure at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, and a temperature control device is arranged at the water bath support structure;

The profiling mold set also includes a water bath profiling mold, which is used for solidification to form the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath, and the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath matches the internal shape of the supporting structure of the water bath, so the The outside of the solid-liquid reversible block in the water bath forms the normal tissue optical phantom, and after the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed, the solid-liquid reversible block in the water bath can be turned into a liquid and drawn out to form a water bath cavity;

The shell is provided with a needle inlet hole at the support structure of the water bath, through which the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath can be drawn out and the physiological saline can be poured into the cavity of the water bath, The temperature of the physiological saline is continuously controlled by the temperature control device, and then the temperature of the human body is simulated by transferring heat to the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery.

Wherein, the temperature control device is a temperature controller arranged in the support structure of the water bath, and the temperature of the physiological saline is continuously controlled by the controller; or

The temperature control device is a water circulation machine with a temperature control function arranged outside the support structure of the water bath. A circulation interface is provided at the support structure of the water bath, and is connected to the water circulation machine through the circulation interface. The brine is circulated for temperature control.

Wherein, the accommodating cavity is further provided with a first wiring channel, which is connected to the support structure of the water bath and serves as a connection channel between the temperature controller and an external power supply.

Wherein, the casing is further provided with a sensor channel located in the accommodating cavity, the sensor channel includes a sensor fixing frame and a second wiring channel, and the sensor fixing frame is used for positioning the sensor in the accommodating cavity to measure changes in physical parameters of the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, and the second routing channel serves as a connection channel between the sensor and an external device.

Wherein, a bracket is bent upwardly and extended from the shell, and a laser light guide head clamp is installed on the bracket, and the laser light guide head clamp is located above the upper opening and is used for clamping the optical fiber or light guide arm of the laser.

Wherein, the position of the laser light guide head clamp relative to the bracket is adjustable, and the support has a scale for locating the position of the laser light guide head clamp.

Wherein, the casing has a scale in the height direction, which is used for positioning the level distribution of the normal tissue optical phantom in height.

Wherein, the mold structure is formed by 3D printing, so as to precisely control the size of the mold structure.

Wherein, the first lesion profiling mold and the normal tissue interface profiling cover are both designed with drainage holes for discharging the liquid phantom.

Wherein, the normal tissue interface profiling cover includes an epidermis-dermis interface profiling cover and/or a dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover.

Wherein, the lesion profiling mold includes a lesion blood vessel profiling mold, a tumor profiling mold or a polyp profiling mold. The profiling mold set also includes a normal tissue internal structure profiling mold, which is used to form other phantom structures in addition to the tissue layer structure inside the normal tissue optical phantom.

As a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery prepared by using the above-mentioned mold structure, prepared in a accommodating cavity formed by a shell, and comprising at least one optical phantom of a lesion tissue. body and at least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom, wherein the at least one lesion tissue optical phantom is positioned to reach the surface from the interior of the at least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom or to be positioned deep into the at least one layer of normal tissue Inside the optical phantom, the at least one lesion tissue optical phantom can be a liquid phantom or a solid phantom formed by solidifying the liquid phantom.

Wherein, a water bath support structure is also provided at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, the water bath support structure is filled with physiological saline, and a temperature control device for controlling the temperature of the physiological saline is arranged at the water bath support structure , the temperature of the human body is simulated by transferring heat from the physiological saline to the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery.

Wherein, a sensor is also fixed in the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery to measure changes in physical parameters of the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery.

Wherein, the lesion tissue optical phantom includes diseased blood vessel and blood phantom, tumor phantom or polyp phantom, and the materials used include matrix, absorbent, scattering agent and thermochromic material, preferably, whole blood or hemoglobin can be used as Absorber or Diffuser.

Wherein, the normal tissue optical phantom includes at least one of the dermis layer optical phantom, the mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom and the muscle layer optical phantom, and the materials used include a matrix, an absorbent, a scattering agent and a thermochromic material, Preferably, whole blood or hemoglobin can be used as absorber or scattering agent. According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery by using the mold structure as described above, which prepares an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery by at least one of the following two methods, wherein :

The first method includes:

Step A1: respectively placing at least one first lesion profiling mold on at least one lesion fixing frame, so as to position the at least one first lesion profiling mold in an accommodating cavity respectively;

Step A2: Pour at least one liquid normal tissue optical phantom into the accommodating cavity until it covers part of the contour outside the at least one first lesion profiling mold, and after each perfusion of a normal tissue optical phantom , and cover the corresponding normal tissue interface profiling cover normal tissue interface profiling cover, so that the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed according to the contour of the normal tissue interface profiling cover and the normal tissue interface profiling cover to form At least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom;

Step A3: taking out the at least one first lesion profiling mold to form at least one non-closed lesion cavity;

Step A4: directly perfuse a liquid lesion tissue optical phantom into the at least one non-closed lesion cavity, and form at least one lesion tissue optical phantom directly or by coagulation according to the shape of the non-closed lesion cavity;

The second method includes:

Step B1: pouring reversible solid-liquid phase change material into at least one lesion profiling mold, forming at least one lesion solid-liquid reversible block respectively after solidification, and placing the at least one lesion solid-liquid reversible block on at least one lesion for fixation respectively on a rack, so as to position the at least one solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion in a accommodating cavity respectively;

Step B2: Perfuse at least one liquid optical phantom of normal tissue into the accommodating cavity until it completely covers the outer contour of the solid-liquid reversible block of the at least one lesion, and after each perfusion of one normal tissue optical phantom , and cover the corresponding normal tissue interface profiling cover, so that the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed according to the contour of the normal tissue interface profiling cover to form at least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom;

Step B3: removing the at least one lesion fixing frame to form a needle entry channel respectively, or directly using the hollow pipes of the at least one lesion fixing frame as the needle inlet channel respectively, changing the physical conditions to make the solid-liquid reversible lump of the lesion change to liquid , using a syringe to respectively draw out the liquid through each of the needle entry channels to form at least one lesion cavity;

Step B4: Use a syringe to pass through each of the needle entry channels to inject liquid optical phantoms of the lesion tissue into the corresponding lesion cavities respectively, then block the needle entry channels, and directly form or pass through the lesion cavity according to the shape of the lesion cavity. Coagulation forms at least one optical phantom of the focal tissue.

Wherein, step A1 or B1 also includes: pouring the reversible solid-liquid phase change material into the profiling mold of the water bath, forming a solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath after solidification, and mixing the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath and the temperature control The device is placed in the support structure of the water bath;

Step A2 or B2 also includes: making the at least one liquid normal tissue optical phantom completely cover the outer contour of the water bath support structure;

Step A3 or B3 also includes: changing the physical conditions to make the solid-liquid reversible block in the water bath change into a liquid, and using a syringe to draw out the liquid through the needle inlet hole to form a cavity in the water bath;

Step A4 or B4 also includes: using a syringe to perfuse the physiological saline through the needle hole, and controlling the temperature of the physiological saline through a temperature controller.

Wherein, step A1 or B1 also includes the step of fixing the sensor on the sensor holder;

Step A3 or B3 also includes the step of removing the sensor holder.

Wherein, when the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery includes three layers of normal tissue optical phantom, the three-layer normal tissue optical phantom includes muscle layer optical phantom, dermis layer optical phantom and mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom imitation,

At this time in the first method, step A2 specifically includes the following steps:

Sub-step A21: perfuse the liquid optical phantom of the muscle layer into the accommodating cavity, cover the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover, and make the muscle layer optical phantom follow the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover The outline solidifies and forms;

Sub-step A22: after removing the dermis layer-muscle layer interface profiling cover, pour a liquid dermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the dermis layer optical phantom is solidified and formed;

Also included in step A4:

Sub-step A41: pouring liquid mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom is solidified and formed on the surface of the at least one lesion tissue optical phantom;

At this time in the second method, step B2 specifically includes the following steps:

Sub-step B21: perfuse the liquid optical phantom of the muscle layer into the accommodating cavity, cover the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover, and make the muscle layer optical phantom follow the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover The outline solidifies and forms;

Sub-step B22: after removing the dermal layer-muscle layer interface profiling cover, pour a liquid dermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the dermis layer optical phantom is solidified and formed;

Sub-step B23: pouring a liquid mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom is solidified and formed.

Wherein, the reversible solid-liquid phase change material is selected from water, heating reversible gel, magnetorheological variant, electrorheological variant or opto-rheological variant;

The optical phantom of the lesion tissue includes a lesion blood vessel and blood phantom, a tumor phantom or a polyp phantom, and the materials used include a matrix, an absorbing agent, a scattering agent and a thermochromic material;

The normal tissue optical phantom includes a dermis layer optical phantom, a mucosal/epidermal layer optical phantom or a muscle layer optical phantom, and the materials used include a matrix, an absorbent, a scattering agent and a thermochromic material;

Wherein, preferably, whole blood or hemoglobin can be used as the absorbing agent or scattering agent; preferably, the matrix can be silica gel or gelatin.

Wherein, the method further comprises after step A4 or B4:

Step A5 or B5: Install the laser light guide fixture on the bracket, and install the optical fiber or light guide arm of the laser on the laser light guide fixture.

Based on the above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. Precisely control the shape of the optical phantom of the lesion tissue and the optical phantom of normal tissue through the profiling die set, and precisely control the position of the optical phantom of the lesion tissue and the optical phantom of normal tissue through the setting of the shell , and can use the lesion profiling mold or the lesion solid-liquid reversible block made from the lesion profiling mold to complete the preparation of the lesion cavity, and then perfuse the lesion tissue optical phantom in the lesion cavity, which can be used in low temperature or low temperature. The solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion is prepared by reversibly changing the solid-liquid material at room temperature, which ensures that the preparation process of the optical phantom of the lesion tissue is carried out at low temperature or normal temperature, and the optical phantom of normal tissue is directly perfused and solidified. It is ensured that the preparation process of the normal tissue optical phantom is also carried out at low temperature or normal temperature, so that materials that are denatured at high temperature, such as whole blood, hemoglobin and other biological materials, can be used in the phantom, so that the phantom can simulate the laser surgery process. The ability of tissue to undergo changes in optical and thermal properties and processes such as protein denaturation.

2. Through the solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion, a cavity can be reserved in the normal tissue optical phantom, and the liquid environment of the tissue can be better simulated by perfusion of liquid.

3. The mold structure provided by the present invention can be mass-produced and used repeatedly, so multiple optical phantoms can be prepared at the same time. At the same time, because the phantom preparation mainly adopts the perfusion and solidification process, it can overcome the problem of low efficiency when the original 3D printer directly prints the optical phantom, so as to meet the actual needs of clinicians for preoperative training and treatment plan optimization.

4. Further prepare the profiling die set and shell based on 3D printing technology, and print the scale in the height direction of the shell, the profiling die set to press the preparation of the phantom interface at different levels, and the precise control of the sensor channel and the lesion fixing frame. The method of length and end position can realize the precise control of the size, shape and position of the optical phantom of the lesion and its surrounding healthy tissue, realize the precise control of the measurement position of the sensor, and realize the precise control of the laser illumination area. The application of the above technology can reduce the human error in the phantom preparation process, so that the phantom can be better applied to the simulation of laser surgery.

5. A thermochromic material can be added to the normal tissue optical phantom as a thermal damage indicator. When the laser irradiates the lesion tissue and generates a local temperature rise, the thermal damage indicator will change color, so the temperature caused by laser irradiation can be realized. Visual display and accurate simulation of field and thermal damage thresholds.

6. Since the purpose of the present invention is to serve the thermal effect caused by laser surgery, the sensor installation position and bracket are preset in the phantom, which can accurately determine the spatial position of the sensor in the phantom, so that the temperature and light transmittance can be measured. Reliable detection of changes in physical parameters such as laser, thus supporting the theoretical study of laser tissue correlation.

7. The optical phantom preparation method of the present invention can allow the clinician to change the shape of the lesion profiling mold at any time according to the actual clinical situation, and print and prepare it in real time, so as to assist the doctor in the preoperative practice and the determination of the treatment plan, and can also be based on a certain classic. Large-scale production and storage of lesion conditions supports clinicians to conduct simulated practice operations of laser surgery.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mold for preparing an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 (a) is a flowchart of a first method for preparing an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2(b) is a flowchart of a second method for preparing an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery prepared by the first method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery prepared by the second method according to the embodiment of the present invention.

In the above drawings, the meanings of the reference symbols are as follows:

1-Profile die set;

11- Lesion profiling mold; 12- Normal tissue interface profiling cover;

13- water bath profiling mold;

2 - shell;

21- Lesion fixation frame; 22- Water bath support structure;

23-Sensor channel; 24-Bracket;

25-laser light guide fixture;

31- optical phantom of lesion tissue; 32- optical phantom of muscle layer;

33-dermis optical phantom; 34-mucosal/epidermal layer optical phantom;

4- Thermostat.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention provides an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, a mold structure and a preparation method thereof, which are applied to the simulation of the curative effect of laser surgery, so as to assist doctors in optimizing the surgical plan and conducting laser surgery training, so as to improve the curative effect of laser surgery and reduce its side effects. Purpose.

As an aspect of the present invention, a mold structure for preparing an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery is provided, and the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery mainly includes an optical phantom 31 of a lesion tissue and an optical phantom of normal tissue. The structure is made based on 3D printing technology. Of course, it is not limited to this. Common mold making processes such as cutting process and injection molding process can also be used. However, the size control of the mold made based on 3D printing technology is more accurate, and the lesion profiling mold is more accurate. Its shape can be prepared according to clinical practice and is consistent with the actual target lesion. As shown in Figure 1, the mold structure mainly includes a shell 2 and a copying mold set 1, wherein:

The profiling mold set 1 includes at least one lesion profiling mold 11 and at least one normal tissue interface profiling cover 12, and the lesion profiling mold 11 includes a first lesion profiling mold and a second lesion profiling mold, wherein:

The outer contour of the first lesion profiling mold matches the actual lesion tissue shape, and the outside of the first lesion profiling mold forms a normal tissue optical phantom. After the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed, the first lesion profiling The mold can be directly taken out to form a non-closed lesion cavity for perfusion of the optical phantom of the lesion tissue 31. As an example, the first lesion profiling mold has a drainage hole, which can discharge the optical phantom of normal tissue in liquid state, so as to realize non-removal of the optical phantom of normal tissue. Compression molding preparation of closed lesion cavity interface, the first lesion profiling mold is mainly used to make the lesion tissue optical phantom 31 from the phantom skin surface to the deep part, which can be used to simulate moles, skin surface hemangiomas and other lesions;

The internal contour of the second lesion profiling mold matches the actual lesion tissue shape, and solid-liquid reversible lumps of lesions are formed inside the second lesion profiling mold. After external coagulation and molding, the lesion solid-liquid reversible block can be turned into liquid and drawn out to form a closed lesion cavity for perfusion of the optical phantom 31 of the lesion tissue, and the second lesion profiling mold is mainly used to simulate deep lesions;

The contour of a bottom surface of the normal tissue interface profiling cover 12 matches the shape of the actual tissue layer interface, and is used to solidify and shape the normal tissue optical phantom along the bottom surface contour. Discharge the liquid phantom during the preparation of the normal tissue optical phantom, and realize the compression molding preparation of the interface;

The housing 1 forms an accommodating cavity with an upper opening, and the accommodating cavity is used to perfuse the normal tissue optical phantom and the lesion tissue optical phantom, and place the normal tissue interface profiling cover. The housing 1 is provided with At least one lesion fixing frame 21, the lesion fixing frame 21 is used for positioning the first lesion profiling mold or the lesion solid-liquid reversible block in the accommodating cavity; wherein: the lesion fixing frame used for locating the lesion solid-liquid reversible block be configured to be removable from the containment cavity to form a needle entry channel within the normal tissue optical phantom, or be configured to have a hollow conduit to form a needle entry channel through which a liquid lesion solid-liquid reversible block can be inserted Draw out to form a closed lesion cavity, and perfuse the optical phantom of the lesion tissue into the closed lesion cavity.

The following is a further detailed description of each component of the mold structure:

The shape of the lesion profiling mold 11 shown in FIG. 1 is only an example, and it may specifically include a lesion blood vessel profiling mold, a tumor profiling mold, or a polyp square mold, etc., which are used to prepare corresponding lesion cavities or lesion solids, respectively. - Liquid reversible block; as an example, a dermis-muscle interface profiling cover with a shape as shown in Figure 1 is selected for the normal tissue interface profiling cover, and its bottom surface conforms to the dermis-muscle interface morphology, making the normal tissue interface profiling cover The interface of the tissue optical phantom is consistent with the interface of the dermis-muscle layer; the drainage holes on the phantom cover of the dermis-muscle layer interface can drain the overflowing liquid phantom during the preparation of the phantom. Of course, the normal tissue interface profiling cover may also include epidermis-dermis interface profiling cover, etc., but generally the epidermis is almost flat, so the epidermis-dermis interface profiling cover may not be used.

The lesion fixing frame 21 precisely locates the subsequently formed lesion tissue optical phantom through the precise positioning of the first lesion profiling mold or the lesion solid-liquid reversible block. After the phantom is prepared, it is disassembled and removed from the shell.

The shell 1 is also provided with a water bath support structure 22 at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, in which a solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath can be placed, and a temperature control device is arranged at the support structure of the water bath, which has a detachable At the same time, the profiling mold set also includes a water bath profiling mold 13, which is used for solidification to form the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath, and the water bath solid-liquid reversible block is formed. - The liquid reversible block matches the internal shape of the supporting structure of the water bath. After the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed on the outside of the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath, the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath can become liquid and be drawn out to A cavity of the water bath is formed; a needle inlet hole is provided on the shell 1 at the supporting structure 22 of the water bath, through which the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath can be drawn out and replaced with normal saline, and the temperature control device The physiological saline is continuously temperature-controlled, and then heat is transferred to the optical phantom above to simulate human body temperature.

In one embodiment, the aforementioned temperature control device may be the temperature controller 4 disposed in the support structure 22 of the water bath as shown in FIG. Temperature control, at this time, a first wiring channel can be set in the accommodating cavity, connected to the support structure of the water bath, as a connection channel between the temperature controller 4 and the external power supply;

In another embodiment, the aforementioned temperature control device may be a water circulator with a temperature control function disposed outside the water bath support structure 22, a circulation interface is provided at the water bath support structure 22, and the water circulation machine is connected to the water circulation machine through the circulation interface, Circulate the normal saline to control the temperature.

The housing 1 is also provided with a sensor channel 23 located in the accommodating cavity, the sensor channel 23 includes a sensor fixing frame and a second wiring channel, wherein the sensor fixing frame can fix and position the sensor in the accommodating cavity, which The length and end position are determined by the 3D mold design, so that the position of the sensor detection point can be precisely controlled. After the sensor is fixed, the sensor holder can be removed from the housing; the second wiring channel serves as the connection channel between the sensor and external equipment.

Preferably, both the lesion fixing frame and the sensor fixing frame are cylinders with smaller diameters, and the ends are cut with a platform or conform to the shape of the bottom surface of the lesion, which can be removed from the shell without damaging the phantom.

The shell 1 is bent upward and extends a bracket 24, on which a laser light guide clamp 25 is installed. The laser light guide clamp 25 is located above the upper opening of the shell, and is used to clamp the optical fiber or light guide arm of the laser, such as As shown in Figures 1, 3(a) and 3(b), the internal aperture of the laser light guide fixture is adjusted according to the size of common optical fibers and light guide arms, so as to achieve reliable clamping of the used optical fibers or light guide arms. Preferably, the position of the laser light guide clamp 25 relative to the bracket 24 is adjustable, and a scale is printed on the bracket 24 to locate the position of the laser light guide clamp 25 relative to the bracket 24 .

Preferably, the casing is printed with scales in the height direction for controlling the level of the normal tissue optical phantom.

As another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery using the above-mentioned mold structure is provided, as shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b), by at least one of the following two methods One to prepare optical phantoms for simulating laser surgery, where:

The first method includes:

Step A1: placing at least one first lesion profiling mold on at least one lesion fixing frame 21 respectively, so as to locate the at least one first lesion profiling mold in an accommodating cavity respectively;

Step A2: Pour at least one liquid optical phantom of normal tissue into the accommodating cavity until it covers part of the contour outside the at least one first lesion profiling mold, and after each perfusion of a normal tissue optical phantom, add the phantom. the normal tissue interface profiling cover corresponding to the cover, so that the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed according to the contour of the normal tissue interface profiling cover to form at least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom;

Step A3: taking out the at least one first lesion profiling mold to form at least one non-closed lesion cavity;

Step A4: directly perfuse the optical phantom of the lesion tissue in liquid state into the at least one non-closed lesion cavity, and form at least one optical phantom of the lesion tissue 31 directly or by coagulation according to the shape of the non-closed lesion cavity;

The second method includes:

Step B1: pouring reversible solid-liquid phase change material into at least one lesion profiling mold, forming at least one lesion solid-liquid reversible block respectively after solidification, and placing the at least one lesion solid-liquid reversible block on at least one lesion fixing frame respectively 21, so that the at least one lesion solid-liquid reversible block is respectively positioned in an accommodating cavity;

Step B2: Perfuse at least one liquid optical phantom of normal tissue into the accommodating cavity until it completely covers the outer contour of the solid-liquid reversible block of the at least one lesion, and after each perfusion of a normal tissue optical phantom, add the normal tissue interface profiling cover corresponding to the cover, so that the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed according to the contour of the normal tissue interface profiling cover to form at least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom;

Step B3: removing the at least one lesion fixing frame 21 to form a needle entry channel respectively, or directly using the hollow pipes of the at least one lesion fixing frame 21 as the needle insertion channel respectively, changing the physical conditions to make the solid-liquid reversible lump of the lesion change to liquid , using a syringe to pass through each needle entry channel to draw out the liquid respectively to form at least one lesion cavity;

Step B4: using a syringe to pass through each needle entry channel to inject liquid optical phantom of the lesion tissue into the corresponding lesion cavity respectively, then block each needle entry channel, and form at least one lesion directly or by coagulation according to the shape of the lesion cavity Tissue optical phantom 31.

Specifically, the reversible solid-liquid phase change material in step B1 includes, but is not limited to, water (freezing at low temperature), heating reversible gel, magnetic/electrical/optical rheological variants, and the like.

In this embodiment, step A1 or B1 further includes: pouring the reversible solid-liquid phase change material into the water bath profiling mold 13, forming a solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath after solidification, and opening the top of the water bath support structure 22 The solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath and the temperature controller are placed in the support structure of the water bath; the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath can be made of the same or different materials as the reversible block of the lesion.

In this embodiment, step A1 or B1 further includes the step of fixing the sensor to the sensor fixing frame.

Specifically, step A2 or B2 further includes making the at least one liquid normal tissue optical phantom completely cover the outer contour of the water bath support structure.

The normal tissue phantom used includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the dermis optical phantom, the mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom, and the muscle layer optical phantom 32, which can make its light absorption, scattering and reflection characteristics match those of the actual dermis layer. , mucosa/epidermal layer or muscle layer. The material used is a composition including a matrix, an absorbing agent, a scattering agent and a thermochromic material, wherein the matrix can be selected from human silica gel or gelatin; the absorbing agent can be selected from whole blood, hemoglobin, carbon powder, etc.; the scattering agent can be selected from whole blood , hemoglobin, silica microspheres, etc., so that the phantom has the ability to simulate changes in tissue optical and thermal properties and protein denaturation during laser surgery; thermochromic materials can choose irreversible or semi-irreversible thermochromic materials, as The thermal damage indicator can realize the visual display and accurate simulation of the temperature field and thermal damage threshold caused by laser irradiation.

In the present embodiment, taking the preparation of three-layer normal tissue optical phantoms as an example, the three-layer normal tissue optical phantoms include a muscle layer optical phantom 32, a dermis layer optical phantom 33 and a mucosal/epidermal layer optical phantom 34, At this time, in the first method, step A2 specifically includes:

Sub-step A21 : pouring the liquid optical phantom of the muscle layer into the accommodating cavity, and adding the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover to make the muscle layer optical phantom 32 follow the shape of the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover. Contour solidification;

Sub-step A22: after removing the dermal layer-muscle layer interface profiling cover, pour a liquid dermal layer optical phantom into the accommodation cavity, so that the dermis layer optical phantom 33 is solidified and formed;

And step A4 also includes:

Sub-step A41: Perfuse the liquid mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom 34 is solidified and formed on the surface of the at least one lesion tissue optical phantom. The epidermis-dermis interface profiling cover can be used for regular-shaped mucosal/epidermal optical phantoms.

In the second method, step B2 specifically includes the following steps:

Sub-step B21: pouring the liquid optical phantom of the muscle layer into the accommodating cavity, and adding the dermis layer-muscle layer interface profiling cover, so that the muscle layer optical phantom 32 is solidified and formed according to the contour of the dermis layer profiling cover;

Sub-step B22: after removing the dermal layer-muscle layer interface profiling cover, pour the liquid dermal layer optical phantom into the accommodation cavity, so that the dermis layer optical phantom 33 is solidified and formed;

Sub-step B23 : pouring the liquid mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom 34 is solidified and formed.

Specifically, in this embodiment, step A3 or B3 further includes: changing the physical conditions to make the solid-liquid reversible block in the water bath change into liquid, and using a syringe to draw out the liquid through the needle inlet hole to form a cavity in the water bath, this process Similar to the formation of focal cavities.

In this embodiment, step A3 or B3 further includes the step of removing the sensor fixing frame.

In addition, in step B3, the physical conditions are changed according to the selected reversible solid-liquid phase change material, so that the solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion becomes liquid, for example, the temperature is raised to melt ice into water.

Specifically, in step A4 or B4, the optical phantom of the lesion tissue used includes, but is not limited to, diseased blood vessels and blood phantoms, tumor phantoms or polyp phantoms, etc. Integrate to form a complex optical phantom system of lesion tissue. The materials used include matrix, absorbing agent, scattering agent and thermochromic material, which can make its light absorption, scattering and reflection characteristics consistent with the actual lesion tissue. repeat. If the actual lesion is a vessel, perfuse a liquid phantom including absorbents or scattering agents such as venous blood whole blood, bovine hemoglobin solution, etc.; if the actual lesion is a solid, perfuse a coagulable phantom to simulate a tumor. Polyps etc. After completing the perfusion of the optical phantom of the lesion tissue, the coagulable optical phantom was used to block the needle entry channel.

It can be understood that the normal tissue optical phantom can also include other normal tissue optical phantoms distributed in the aforementioned muscle layer optical phantom, dermis layer optical phantom, and mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom, forming other optical phantoms in addition to the tissue layer structure. For phantom structures, such as normal blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and other structures, a profiling mold for the internal structure of normal tissue can be used, and the other phantom structures can be prepared by using structures and methods similar to those of the lesion profiling mold.

In this embodiment, step A4 or B4 further includes: using a syringe to perfuse physiological saline through the needle hole, and controlling the temperature of the physiological saline through a temperature controller, so as to transfer heat to the upper optical phantom to simulate human body temperature, The temperature control range of body temperature is arbitrarily adjusted within 0-50 °C, and the temperature control accuracy is higher than ±0.5 °C, so as to realize the temperature simulation of different states of the human body such as normal, fever, and low temperature.

In this embodiment, after step A4 or B4, it further includes step A5 or B5 respectively: install the laser light guide fixture on the bracket, and install the optical fiber or light guide arm of the laser on the laser light guide fixture.

As a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery prepared by using the above-mentioned mold structure. A normal tissue optical phantom, wherein the at least one lesion tissue optical phantom is positioned from the interior of the at least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom to the surface (as shown in Figure 3(a)) or deep into the at least one layer of normal tissue The inside of the optical phantom (as shown in Figure 3(b)) can be a liquid phantom or a solid phantom formed by solidifying the liquid phantom.

In this embodiment, a water bath support structure 22 is also provided at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, the water bath support structure 22 is filled with physiological saline, and a water bath support structure 22 is provided with a temperature control device for the physiological saline. The temperature control device simulates human body temperature by transferring heat to the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery through physiological saline.

In this embodiment, a sensor is also fixed in the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, so as to measure the physical parameters of the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery.

To sum up, the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery and the mold structure and preparation method thereof provided by the present invention can precisely control the shape and position of the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, and can complete the simulation at low temperature or normal temperature. Preparation of optical phantoms for laser surgery.

The prepared optical phantom for simulated laser surgery can enhance the doctor's understanding and control of the wavelength, energy and pulse width parameters of the laser treatment of the lesion tissue, and can also improve the doctor's diagnosis and treatment effect, so that the clinician has an objective and effective method. Ideal tool for determining the effectiveness of treatments.

The optical phantom for simulating laser surgery does not require long-term computer simulation or a deep engineering foundation. It only needs to standardize the phantom operation, allowing clinicians to intuitively see the treatment effect and adverse reactions. It is especially suitable for the treatment of Physicians who are new to laser therapy are trained.

The specific embodiments described above further describe the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above-mentioned specific embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Within the spirit and principle of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (13)

1. A mold structure for preparing an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, the mold structure is formed by 3D printing to precisely control the size of the mold structure, and the mold structure includes a copying mold set and housing, where: The profiling mold set includes at least one lesion profiling mold and at least one normal tissue interface profiling cover, and the lesion profiling mold includes a first lesion profiling mold and a second lesion profiling mold, wherein: The outer contour of the first lesion profiling mold matches the shape of the actual lesion tissue, and a normal tissue optical phantom is formed on the outside of the first lesion profiling mold. After the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed, the The first lesion profiling mold can be directly taken out to form a non-closed lesion cavity to perform optical phantom perfusion of the lesion tissue; The inner contour of the second lesion profiling mold matches the actual lesion tissue shape, and solid-liquid reversible lumps of lesions are formed inside the second lesion profiling mold, and the outside of the solid-liquid reversible lumps of lesions forms a solid-liquid reversible block. The normal tissue optical phantom, after the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed, the lesion solid-liquid reversible block can be turned into a liquid and drawn out to form a closed lesion cavity for perfusion of the lesion tissue optical phantom; The contour of a bottom surface of the normal tissue interface profiling cover matches the interface shape of the actual tissue layer, and is used to solidify and form the normal tissue optical phantom along the contour of the bottom surface; The housing forms an accommodating cavity with an upper opening, and the accommodating cavity is used to perfuse the normal tissue optical phantom and the lesion tissue optical phantom, and place the normal tissue interface profiling cover, so The casing is provided with at least one lesion fixing frame, and the lesion fixing frame is used for positioning the first lesion profiling mold or the lesion solid-liquid reversible block in the accommodating cavity, and the casing is in the height direction. There is a scale for positioning the level distribution of the normal tissue optical phantom in height, wherein: The lesion holder for positioning the solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion is configured to be removable from the receiving cavity to form a needle entry channel in the normal tissue optical phantom, or is configured to have a hollow conduit to form a needle entry channel A channel, through which the solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion can be drawn out and the optical phantom of the lesion tissue can be poured into the closed lesion cavity. 2. mould structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The shell is also provided with a water bath support structure at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, and a temperature control device is arranged at the water bath support structure; The profiling mold set further includes a water bath profiling mold for solidifying to form a solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath, and the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath matches the internal shape of the supporting structure of the water bath, and in the The outside of the solid-liquid reversible block in the water bath forms the normal tissue optical phantom, and after the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed, the solid-liquid reversible block in the water bath can be turned into a liquid and extracted to form a water bath empty. cavity; The shell is provided with a needle inlet hole at the support structure of the water bath, through which the solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath can be drawn out and the physiological saline can be poured into the cavity of the water bath, The temperature of the physiological saline is continuously controlled by the temperature control device, and then the temperature of the human body is simulated by transferring heat to the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery. 3. mould structure according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The temperature control device is a temperature controller arranged in the support structure of the water bath, and the temperature controller continuously controls the temperature of the physiological saline; The accommodating cavity is also provided with a first wiring channel, which is connected to the support structure of the water bath and serves as a connection channel between the temperature controller and an external power supply; or The temperature control device is a water circulation machine with a temperature control function arranged outside the support structure of the water bath. A circulation interface is provided at the support structure of the water bath, and is connected to the water circulation machine through the circulation interface. The brine is circulated for temperature control. 4. mould structure according to claim 1, is characterized in that: The housing is also provided with a sensor channel located in the accommodating cavity, the sensor channel includes a sensor fixing frame and a second wiring channel, the sensor fixing frame is used for positioning the sensor in the accommodating cavity, In order to measure the physical parameter changes of the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, the second routing channel serves as a connection channel between the sensor and external equipment; and/or The casing is bent upward and extends a bracket, and a laser light guide head clamp is installed on the bracket, and the laser light guide head clamp is located above the upper opening and is used for clamping the optical fiber or light guide arm of the laser; and/ or The first lesion profiling mold and the normal tissue interface profiling cover are both designed with drainage holes for discharging the liquid phantom; and/or The normal tissue interface profiling cover includes an epidermis-dermis interface profiling cover and/or a dermis-muscle interface profiling cover; and/or The normal tissue optical phantom includes at least one of epidermal tissue optical phantom, dermal tissue optical phantom and muscle tissue optical phantom; and/or The lesion profiling mold includes a lesion blood vessel profiling mold, a tumor profiling mold or a polyp profiling mold; and/or The profiling mold set also includes a normal tissue internal structure profiling mold, which is used to form other phantom structures in addition to the tissue layer structure inside the normal tissue optical phantom. 5 . The mold structure according to claim 4 , wherein the position of the laser light guide head clamp is adjustable relative to the bracket, and the support has a scale for locating the position of the laser light guide head clamp. 6 . 6. An optical phantom for simulating laser surgery prepared by using the mold structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, prepared in a accommodating cavity formed by a shell, comprising at least one optical focal tissue optical phantom. A phantom and at least one layer of a normal tissue optical phantom, wherein the at least one focal tissue optical phantom is positioned from inside the at least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom to the surface or positioned deep into the at least one layer of normal tissue Inside the tissue optical phantom, the at least one lesion tissue optical phantom can be a liquid phantom or a solid phantom formed by solidifying the liquid phantom. 7. The optical phantom for simulating laser surgery according to claim 6, wherein: A water bath support structure is also arranged at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, the water bath support structure is filled with physiological saline, and a temperature control device for controlling the temperature of the physiological saline is arranged at the water bath support structure. Heat transfer of normal saline to the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery to simulate human body temperature; and/or A sensor is also fixed in the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery to measure changes in physical parameters of the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery; and/or The optical phantom of the lesion tissue includes a phantom of diseased blood vessels and blood, a phantom of a tumor or a phantom of a polyp, and the materials used include a matrix, an absorbent, a scattering agent and a thermochromic material; and/or The normal tissue optical phantom includes at least one of the dermis layer optical phantom, the mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom and the muscle layer optical phantom, and the materials used include a matrix, an absorbing agent, a scattering agent and a thermochromic material. 8 . The optical phantom for simulated laser surgery according to claim 7 , wherein the optical phantom of the lesion tissue and/or the optical phantom of normal tissue uses whole blood or hemoglobin as an absorbing agent or a scattering agent. 9 . 9. A method of utilizing the mold structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to prepare an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, wherein at least one of the following two methods is used to prepare an optical phantom for simulating laser surgery, in: The first method includes: Step A1: respectively placing at least one first lesion profiling mold on at least one lesion fixing frame, so as to position the at least one first lesion profiling mold in an accommodating cavity respectively; Step A2: Pour at least one liquid normal tissue optical phantom into the accommodating cavity until it covers part of the contour outside the at least one first lesion profiling mold, and after each perfusion of a normal tissue optical phantom , and cover the corresponding normal tissue interface profiling cover, so that the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed according to the contour of the normal tissue interface profiling cover to form at least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom; Step A3: taking out the at least one first lesion profiling mold to form at least one non-closed lesion cavity; Step A4: directly perfuse a liquid lesion tissue optical phantom into the at least one non-closed lesion cavity, and form at least one lesion tissue optical phantom directly or by coagulation according to the shape of the non-closed lesion cavity; The second method includes: Step B1: pouring reversible solid-liquid phase change material into at least one lesion profiling mold, forming at least one lesion solid-liquid reversible block respectively after solidification, and placing the at least one lesion solid-liquid reversible block on at least one lesion for fixation respectively on a rack, so as to position the at least one solid-liquid reversible block of the lesion in a accommodating cavity respectively; Step B2: Perfuse at least one liquid optical phantom of normal tissue into the accommodating cavity until it completely covers the outer contour of the solid-liquid reversible block of the at least one lesion, and after each perfusion of one normal tissue optical phantom , and cover the corresponding normal tissue interface profiling cover, so that the normal tissue optical phantom is solidified and formed according to the contour of the normal tissue interface profiling cover to form at least one layer of normal tissue optical phantom; Step B3: removing the at least one lesion fixing frame to form a needle entry channel respectively, or directly using the hollow pipes of the at least one lesion fixing frame as the needle inlet channel respectively, changing the physical conditions to make the solid-liquid reversible lump of the lesion change to liquid , using a syringe to respectively draw out the liquid through each of the needle entry channels to form at least one lesion cavity; Step B4: Use a syringe to pass through each of the needle entry channels to inject liquid optical phantoms of the lesion tissue into the corresponding lesion cavities respectively, then block the needle entry channels, and directly form or pass through the lesion cavity according to the shape of the lesion cavity. Coagulation forms at least one optical phantom of the focal tissue. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: Step A1 or B1 also includes: pouring the reversible solid-liquid phase change material into the profiling mold of the water bath, forming a solid-liquid reversible block of the water bath after solidification, and placing the solid-liquid reversible block and the temperature controller in the water bath. within the water bath support structure; Step A2 or B2 also includes: making the at least one liquid normal tissue optical phantom completely cover the outer contour of the water bath support structure; Step A3 or B3 also includes: changing the physical conditions to make the solid-liquid reversible block in the water bath change into a liquid, and using a syringe to draw out the liquid through the needle inlet hole to form a cavity in the water bath; Step A4 or B4 also includes: using a syringe to perfuse the physiological saline through the needle hole, and controlling the temperature of the physiological saline through a temperature controller. 11. The method according to claim 9, wherein when the optical phantom for simulating laser surgery includes three layers of normal tissue optical phantoms, the three layers of normal tissue optical phantoms comprise muscle layer optical phantoms. body, dermis optical phantom and mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom, At this time in the first method, step A2 specifically includes the following steps: Sub-step A21: perfuse the liquid optical phantom of the muscle layer into the accommodating cavity, cover the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover, and make the muscle layer optical phantom follow the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover The outline solidifies and forms; Sub-step A22: after removing the dermis layer-muscle layer interface profiling cover, pour a liquid dermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the dermis layer optical phantom is solidified and formed; Also included in step A4: Sub-step A41: pouring liquid mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom is solidified and formed on the surface of the at least one lesion tissue optical phantom; At this time in the second method, step B2 specifically includes the following steps: Sub-step B21: perfuse the liquid optical phantom of the muscle layer into the accommodating cavity, cover the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover, and make the muscle layer optical phantom follow the dermis-muscle layer interface profiling cover The outline solidifies and forms; Sub-step B22: after removing the dermal layer-muscle layer interface profiling cover, pour a liquid dermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the dermis layer optical phantom is solidified and formed; Sub-step B23: pouring a liquid mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom into the accommodating cavity, so that the mucosa/epidermal layer optical phantom is solidified and formed. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein: The reversible solid-liquid phase change material is selected from the group consisting of water, thermally reversible gel, magnetorheological, electrorheological or opto-rheological; and/or The optical phantom of the lesion tissue includes a phantom of diseased blood vessels and blood, a phantom of a tumor or a phantom of a polyp, and the materials used include a matrix, an absorbent, a scattering agent and a thermochromic material; and/or The normal tissue optical phantom includes a dermis optical phantom, a mucosal/epidermal layer optical phantom or a muscle layer optical phantom, and the materials used include a matrix, an absorbent, a scattering agent and a thermochromic material; and/or Step A1 or B1 also includes the step of fixing the sensor on the sensor holder; Step A3 or B3 also includes the step of removing the sensor holder; and/or The method further comprises after step A4 or B4: Step A5 or B5: Install the laser light guide fixture on the bracket, and install the optical fiber or light guide arm of the laser on the laser light guide fixture. 13 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein the optical phantom of the lesion tissue or the optical phantom of normal tissue uses whole blood or hemoglobin as an absorbing agent or scattering agent; and the matrix can be made of silica gel or gelatin. 14 .

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