CN108926719A - 用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体 - Google Patents
用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108926719A CN108926719A CN201710379667.0A CN201710379667A CN108926719A CN 108926719 A CN108926719 A CN 108926719A CN 201710379667 A CN201710379667 A CN 201710379667A CN 108926719 A CN108926719 A CN 108926719A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用c(RGD‑ACP‑K)修饰的长循环脂质体。本发明属于药物制剂领域,特别是靶向药物制剂领域。更具体而言,本发明涉及一种长循环脂质体,所述脂质体的表面用c(RGD‑ACP‑K)修饰,并且所述脂质体包含多柔比星或其药学上可接受的盐例如盐酸多柔比星作为抗癌活性剂。所述长循环脂质体能将抗癌活性剂靶向递送到肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞内,并且能延长脂质体在体内的循环时间,从而增强抗肿瘤药物的治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂领域,特别是靶向药物制剂领域。更具体而言,本发明涉及一种长循环脂质体,所述脂质体的表面用环[RGD-(1S,3R)-3-氨基环戊烷羧酸](缩写c(RGD-ACP-K))修饰,并且所述脂质体包含多柔比星或其药学上可接受的盐例如盐酸多柔比星作为抗癌活性剂。所述长循环脂质体能将抗癌活性剂靶向递送到肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞内,并且能延长脂质体在体内的循环时间,从而增强抗肿瘤药物的治疗效果。
背景技术
多柔比星(Doxorubicin),又名阿霉素,是1969年从松链丝菌浅灰色变株(Streptomyces peucetius var.caesius)中提取分离到的蒽环类抗生素,具有很强的抗癌活性,临床上单独使用或与其它抗癌药物联合使用可有效治疗各种恶性肿瘤。其通常以盐酸多柔比星的形式被使用,盐酸多柔比星的化学结构如下:
多柔比星或其药学上可接受的盐(例如盐酸多柔比星)属于细胞周期非特异性药物,它主要通过嵌入DNA碱基对之间并与DNA紧密结合,从而阻止DNA的复制,抑制DNA依赖性聚合酶的作用,干扰RNA转录过程。这种阻止细胞分裂的作用,并不能选择性地区分肿瘤细胞和正常细胞,因此与大多数化疗药物一样,盐酸多柔比星的不良反应很多。除呕吐、恶心、脱发等常见副作用外,还由于此类化合物与心肌的亲和力明显高于其它组织,并能通过半醌代谢物损害心肌细胞,从而带来严重的剂量依赖性心脏毒性,使其临床应用受到极大限制。虽然通过减少累积给药剂量可以一定程度上缓解多柔比星抗肿瘤药物的心脏毒性,但同时会降低对肿瘤的控制效果。
为了缓解盐酸多柔比星的心脏毒性,降低其不良反应。Elan公司开发了盐酸多柔比星脂质体注射液Myocet(又名Evacet),主要用于治疗转移性乳腺癌。规格为每瓶20mg/10mL或50mg/20mL,也是通过静脉滴注给药,静脉滴注时间一般为1小时以内。给药剂量为20-50mg·m-2,给药间隔为3周,持续治疗3-6个月。常见的不良反应包括红细胞和血小板减少、牙龈出血、鼻出血、呕吐、恶心和腹泻等。Myocet发生心脏毒性的危险比常规盐酸多柔比星注射剂要小得多。但本品易被肝脏、脾脏内的巨噬细胞摄取而迅速消除,药物在体内滞留时间短,疗效降低。
将普通递送系统的表面进一步用亲水性的聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰,可制成长循环递送系统。所述长循环递送系统能够逃避血浆中的调理素的调理从而避免被巨噬细胞摄取(故用聚乙二醇修饰的长循环递送系统也称为隐形递送系统),显著延长其在循环系统中的滞留时间,血药浓度也明显提高。长循环递送系统经EPR效应(即,实体瘤的高通透性和滞留效应[enhanced permeability and retention effect])可增加被包载药物向肿瘤组织内的蓄积,从而提高抗癌药物传递的靶向性。正常组织中的微血管内皮间隙致密、结构完整,大分子和脂质颗粒不易透过血管壁,而实体瘤组织中血管丰富、血管壁间隙较宽、结构完整性差,淋巴回流缺失,造成大分子类物质和脂质颗粒具有选择性高通透性和滞留性,这种现象被称作实体瘤的高通透性和滞留效应,简称EPR效应。基于以上机理,美国Sequus公司开发了PEG修饰的多柔比星长循环脂质体(商品名:多喜,Doxil)并已上市;阿尔扎和先灵葆雅公司共同开发了另一个PEG修饰的多柔比星长循环脂质体(商品名:楷莱,Caelyx)并已上市。PEG修饰的多柔比星长循环脂质体是将多柔比星包裹于隐形脂质体递送系统中,由于长循环脂质体表面覆盖着一层PEG,避免了被体内免疫系统识别和吞噬,药物可以在体内循环数日,从而提高多柔比星的抗肿瘤作用时间。
长循环脂质体能够显著提高药物在体内的循环时间,由于肿瘤组织对长循环脂质体的EPR效应增强,载药长循环脂质体能被动向肿瘤组织蓄积。但是,由于大部分抗癌药物作用的靶点在肿瘤细胞内,抗癌药物在肿瘤组织中积蓄并不意味着肿瘤细胞内药物浓度提高,因此提高抗癌药物向肿瘤细胞内的传递效率成为改善其疗效的关键。
中国专利200510063388.0涉及一种供注射用的载抗癌药物的长循环脂质体,该脂质体同时用聚乙二醇(PEG)和含精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸(RGD)序列的线性多肽片段或线性RGD类似物(其为整合素配体)修饰,所述抗癌药物可以是例如阿霉素(即,多柔比星)、柔红霉素、紫杉醇、顺铂等。该专利基于线性RGD能够被肿瘤细胞表面的整合素识别、从而介导与肿瘤细胞的粘附的原理将抗癌药物靶向递送至肿瘤。该专利认为虽然线性肽与RGD环肽都是特异性结合整合素αvβ3的肽,但是这两种肽作用机制不同,RGD环肽的靶点在于肿瘤新生血管而非肿瘤细胞,RGD环肽通过破坏肿瘤的新生血管来切断肿瘤的营养和氧气供应而发挥抗肿瘤作用,而RGD线性肽靶点在于肿瘤细胞本身,通过增加肿瘤细胞对抗癌药物的摄取达到抗肿瘤作用。因此,为了增强抗癌药对肿瘤细胞的靶向性,该专利所保护的发明是用含RGD线性肽修饰的脂质体。
也有文献报道将靶向于整合素的环状RGD序列用于脂质体或胶束的修饰,其中c(RGDfk)被研究报导较多,被认为是较好的靶向分子。例如,美国专利申请US2012/0141380A1报道了使用RGD环肽c(RGDfk)修饰的纳米粒,其由聚合物组成,所述聚合物是金属螯合剂,包被有磁性金属氧化物,至少一种活性剂与聚合物共价键合。
另外,Ji-Ae Park等人(Ji-Ae Park等人,Cyclic RGD Peptides IncorporatingCycloalkanes:Synthesis and Evaluation as PET Radiotracers for TumorImaging.ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2014,5,979-982)报道了环[RGD-(1S,3R)-3-氨基环戊烷羧酸](缩写c(RGD-ACP-K))和环[RGD-(1S,3R)-3-氨基环已烷羧酸](缩写c(RGD-ACH-K))对表达整合素αvβ3的U87MG胶质母瘤细胞有较高亲和力,c(RGD-ACP-K)和c(RGD-ACH-K)与U87MG细胞表面整合素αvβ3的结合优于对照组环肽c(RGDyK),且c(RGD-ACP-K)的结合要明显高于c(RGD-ACH-K)。但是,将c(RGD-ACP-K)和c(RGD-ACH-K)分别制备成耦合物c(RGD-ACP-K)-DOTA-64Cu和c(RGD-ACH-K)-DOTA-64Cu后,PET成像显示前者的体内靶向性比后者差,甚至比对照组c(RGDyK)-DOTA-64Cu的靶向性还差(参见该文献的图4)。因此,c(RGD-ACP-K)和c(RGD-ACH-K)的体外和体内结合亲和性不相同,二者没有相关性。
因此,仍需要寻找对肿瘤细胞具有良好的靶向作用的靶向分子以及用其制备的具有提高的靶向性和降低的副作用的抗癌药物递送系统。
发明内容
发明人研究并比较了多种环状RGD序列,期望得到靶向性与c(RGDfk)相当或比其更优的靶头分子,用以制备抗癌药物的靶向递送系统。发明人意外地发现,不是所有RGD环肽都具有明显的靶向性,多种环状RGD序列的靶向效果并不明显,但是用c(RGD-ACP-K)这种特定的RGD环肽修饰的长循环脂质体对肿瘤细胞的靶向效果显著优于用包括c(RGDfk)在内的其它RGD环肽修饰的长循环脂质体;另外,该环肽所产生的优异的靶向性并不能显著改善所有药物的递送效果,但对抗癌药盐酸多柔比星的递送效果的改善却非常优异。
此外,发明人还意外地发现,与现有技术的报道不同,用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体不仅靶向于肿瘤新生血管,而且还靶向于肿瘤细胞本身,可以将抗肿瘤药物靶向递送到肿瘤细胞内部,从而产生了预料不到的更好的递送效率和治疗效果。而且,更令人惊奇的是,其还具有以下优点:
1)c(RGD-ACP-K)在体外对肿瘤的靶向性显著优于c(RGDfk),用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体在体外对肿瘤的靶向性也显著优于用c(RGDfk)修饰的长循环脂质体,而且用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体的体内抗肿瘤效果也显著优于用c(RGDfk)修饰的长循环脂质体,体内结果与体外结果一致,具有显著相关性;
2)用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体不仅对整合素αvβ3高表达的肿瘤细胞具有靶向性,而且对整合素αvβ3低表达的肿瘤细胞也具有靶向性,这说明用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体对肿瘤细胞的靶向作用还具有被整合素αvβ3识别之外的未知机理;
3)用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体对心脏的毒性减小;
4)用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体对盐酸多柔比星的递送效果优于对顺铂的递送效果。
相应地,本发明提供了一种肿瘤靶向的长循环脂质体,所述脂质体的表面用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰,所述的c(RGD-ACP-K)通过化学键与PEG连接,所述的PEG与脂质体表面的磷脂连接,并且所述脂质体包含多柔比星或其药学上可接受的盐例如盐酸多柔比星作为抗癌活性剂。所述脂质体能将抗癌活性剂靶向递送到肿瘤新生血管内皮细胞和肿瘤细胞内,并且能延长药物递送系统在体内的循环时间,从而增强抗癌活性剂的抗肿瘤效果。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述长循环脂质体,其中所述的c(RGD-ACP-K)通过化学键与PEG连接,所述的PEG与脂质体表面的磷脂连接,该磷脂选自本文所述的磷脂-PEG中所含有的那些磷脂种类,例如选自二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)和磷脂酰胆碱(PC)。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述长循环脂质体,其中所述的c(RGD-ACP-K)通过化学键与PEG连接,所述的PEG与脂质体表面的DSPE连接。
长循环脂质体由于在表面上被PEG修饰,能够逃脱体内网状内皮系统的捕获,从而延长其在体内的循环时间。将靶头分子c(RGD-ACP-K)连在聚乙二醇的末端不影响PEG发挥作用以及受体对药物递送系统的识别,而且形成共价键后靶头分子c(RGD-ACP-K)不容易断裂。
本文所用的术语“聚乙二醇”和“PEG”可以互换使用,其分子量在200-50000之间,优选在1000-5000之间。可用于本发明的聚乙二醇的实例包括PEG1000、PEG1100、PEG1200、PEG1300、PEG1400、PEG1450、PEG1500、PEG1600、PEG1700、PEG1800、PEG1900、PEG2000、PEG2100、PEG2200、PEG2300、PEG2400、PEG2500、PEG2600、PEG2700、PEG2800、PEG2900、PEG3000、PEG3250、PEG3350、PEG3500、PEG3750、PEG4000、PEG4250、PEG4500、PEG4750或PEG5000。
用于制备本发明的长循环脂质体的磷脂是本领域中已知的可用于制备脂质体的任何磷脂种类。例如,用于制备本发明的长循环脂质体的磷脂可以选自大豆卵磷脂、氢化大豆卵磷脂、二月桂酰卵磷脂、二肉豆蔻酰卵磷脂、二棕榈酰卵磷脂、二硬脂酰卵磷脂、1-肉豆蔻酰-2-棕榈酰卵磷脂、1-棕榈酰-2-肉豆蔻酰卵磷脂、1-棕榈酰-2-硬脂酰卵磷脂、1-硬脂酰-2-棕榈酰卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、二油酰基卵磷脂、二月桂酰磷脂酰甘油、二棕榈酰磷脂酸、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰丝氨酸、二棕榈酰磷脂酰二丝氨酸、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、脑磷脂酰丝氨酸、脑神经鞘磷脂、二棕榈酰神经鞘磷脂、二硬脂酰神经鞘磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)或其组合。
本文所用的术语“磷脂-聚乙二醇复合物”与“磷脂-PEG”可以互换使用,是指活泼酯化的聚乙二醇,例如二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱-聚乙二醇(PEG-DSPC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(PEG-PE)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(PEG-DSPE)、磷脂酰胆碱-聚乙二醇(PEG-PC)。磷脂-聚乙二醇复合物可以通过本领域已知的方法制备,或者商购获得。
本文所用的术语“脂质体”是指以磷脂和胆固醇为主要材料制备的脂质双分子层囊泡。用于制备脂质体的方法和材料是本领域中已知的。例如,脂质体的制备方法包括被动载药方法和主动载药方法(例如,参见:2012年世界中医药学会联合会中药药剂专业委员会、中华中医药学会中药制剂分会学术年会暨“江中杯”中药制剂创新与发展论坛会议论文《脂质体的制备方法及研究进展》)。被动载药方法主要包括薄膜分散法、超声波分散法、膜挤压法、注入法、冷冻干燥法、熔融法、逆向蒸发法、表面活性剂增溶法、复乳法、冻融法、微射流法、离心法、喷雾干燥法和其它方法;主动载药方法包括pH梯度法、硫酸铵梯度法、醋酸钙梯度法、硫酸钠梯度法等。本发明优选主动载药方法,更优选硫酸钠梯度法。
本文所用的术语“长循环脂质体”与“隐形脂质体”可以互换使用,是指用PEG修饰的脂质体,由于在表面上被PEG修饰,其能够逃脱体内网状内皮系统的捕获,从而延长其在体内的循环时间。
本文所述的胆固醇化学名为(3β)-胆甾-5-烯-3-醇,是生物膜中重要成分之一,其是一种中性脂质,亦属于两亲性分子,但亲油性大于亲水性。用于稳定脂质体的磷脂双层膜。胆固醇的化学结构如下:
胆固醇是本领域已知的,可以商购获得,例如由美国Pharmacia Biotech公司商购获得。
在本发明的脂质体中,所含有的磷脂与所含有的胆固醇的重量比为1-1000:1,优选为1-800:1、1-500:1、1-200:1、1-100:1或1-10:1,更优选为1-100:1,最优选为1-10:1。
本发明的脂质体可分散在可注射的溶媒中供静脉内施用。所述的可注射的溶媒例如是0.9%氯化钠注射液、5%葡萄糖注射液、pH=7.4的PBS缓冲液。
本文所述的c(RADfk)的化学名如下:
环(精氨酸-丙氨酸-天冬氨酸-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸)
cyclo(Arg-Ala-Asp-d-Phe-Lys)
其化学结构如下:
c(RADfk)是本领域已知的,可以商购获得,例如可以由上海强耀生物科技有限公司商购获得。
本文所述的c(RGDfk)的化学名如下:
环(精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸)
cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Lys)
其化学结构如下:
c(RGDfk)是本领域已知的,可以商购获得,例如可以由上海强耀生物科技有限公司商购获得。
本文所述的ABHT的化学名如下:
C6-4-(3-氨基丙氧基)苯甲酰基-β-高环[N-(3-丙基)-4-甲氧基吡啶-2-胺]
C6-4-(3-aminopropoxy)benzoyl-Beta-HomoTyr[N-(3-propyl)-4-methoxypyridin-2-amine]
其化学结构如下:
ABHT是本领域已知的,可以商购获得,例如可以由杭州中肽生化有限公司商购获得。
本文所述的c(RGD-AAB-K)的化学名为:
环[RGD-2-((2R,5S)-5-(氨基甲基)-4-(4-(氨基甲基)苄基)-3,6-二氧代哌嗪-2-基乙酸]
Cyclo[RGD-2-((2R,5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-4-(4-(aminomethyl)benzyl)-3,6-dio xopiperazin-2-yl)acetic acid]
其化学结构如下:
c(RGD-AAB-K)是本领域已知的,可以商购获得,例如可以由杭州中肽生化有限公司商购获得。
本文所述的c(RGD-ACP-K)的化学名如下:
环[RGD-(1S,3R)-3-氨基环戊烷-1-羧酸]
Cyclo[RGD-(1S,3R)-3-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid]
其化学结构如下:
c(RGD-ACP-K)是本领域已知的,可以商购获得,例如可以由杭州中肽生化有限公司商购获得。
本文所用的术语“药学上可接受的”意指在制备药物中可用的,其通常是安全、无毒的,在生物学方面或其它方面不是不符合需要的,包括对于兽用药以及人用药而言是可接受的。本文所用的术语的“药学上可接受的盐”意指保留了多柔比星的所需的药理学活性的药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个方面,本发明还提供了制备本发明的长循环脂质体的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)使过量的磷脂-PEG-R1与c(RGD-ACP-K)反应,在c(RGD-ACP-K)耗尽后,用甘氨酸终止反应,将反应物透析,然后冷冻干燥,得到冻干物,其是磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)与磷脂-PEG-R1的混合物,其中R1是琥珀酰亚胺酯基(-NHS)或苯并三唑基(-BTC);
(2)用磷脂、胆固醇、磷脂-PEG和步骤(1)中制备的冻干物制备空白长循环脂质体,其中所加入的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的磷脂-PEG的摩尔数的4-16%(例如4%、8%、12%或16%);
(3)将步骤(2)制备的空白长循环脂质体与抗癌活性剂溶液一起孵育,然后将反应体系过葡聚糖凝胶柱,洗脱并收集红色脂质体部分,反复挤压过0.22μm的滤膜,得到本发明的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体,
其中所述的抗癌活性剂是多柔比星或其药学上可接受的盐,例如盐酸多柔比星。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中所述的PEG分子量在200-50000之间,优选在1000-5000之间,更优选其中所述的PEG是PEG1000、PEG1100、PEG1200、PEG1300、PEG1400、PEG1450、PEG1500、PEG1600、PEG1700、PEG1800、PEG1900、PEG2000、PEG2100、PEG2200、PEG2300、PEG2400、PEG2500、PEG2600、PEG2700、PEG2800、PEG2900、PEG3000、PEG3250、PEG3350、PEG3500、PEG3750、PEG4000、PEG4250、PEG4500、PEG4750或PEG5000,最优选其中所述的PEG是PEG2000。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中步骤(3)中所加入的磷脂选自大豆卵磷脂、氢化大豆卵磷脂、二月桂酰卵磷脂、二肉豆蔻酰卵磷脂、二棕榈酰卵磷脂、二硬脂酰卵磷脂、1-肉豆蔻酰-2-棕榈酰卵磷脂、1-棕榈酰-2-肉豆蔻酰卵磷脂、1-棕榈酰-2-硬脂酰卵磷脂、1-硬脂酰-2-棕榈酰卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、二油酰基卵磷脂、二月桂酰磷脂酰甘油、二棕榈酰磷脂酸、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰丝氨酸、二棕榈酰磷脂酰二丝氨酸、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、脑磷脂酰丝氨酸、脑神经鞘磷脂、二棕榈酰神经鞘磷脂、二硬脂酰神经鞘磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)或其组合。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中步骤(1)中所加入的c(RGD-ACP-K)与磷脂-PEG-R1的摩尔比是1:1.2、1:1.5或1:2,优选1:1.2。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中所述的磷脂-PEG-R1是磷脂-PEG-NHS。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中所述的磷脂-PEG选自二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱-聚乙二醇(PEG-DSPC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(PEG-PE)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(PEG-DSPE)、磷脂酰胆碱-聚乙二醇(PEG-PC),更优选是二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(PEG-DSPE)。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中步骤(2)中所加入的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的磷脂-PEG的摩尔数的8%-12%,最优选8%。
在一个更具体的实施方案中,提供了制备所述的肿瘤靶向的长循环脂质体的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)使c(RGD-ACP-K)与磷脂-PEG-R1以摩尔比1:1.2反应,在c(RGD-ACP-K)耗尽后,用甘氨酸终止反应,将反应物透析,然后冷冻干燥,得到冻干物,其是磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)与磷脂-PEG的摩尔比为1:0.2的混合物,其中R1是琥珀酰亚胺酯基(-NHS);
(2)用磷脂、胆固醇、磷脂-PEG和步骤(1)中制备的冻干物制备空白长循环脂质体,其中所加入的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的磷脂-PEG的摩尔数的4-16%(例如,4%、8%、12%或16%),更优选8%-12%,最优选8%;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的空白长循环脂质体与抗癌活性剂溶液一起孵育,然后将反应体系过葡聚糖凝胶柱,收集红色脂质体部分,反复挤压过0.22μm的滤膜,即得用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体,
其中所述的抗癌活性剂是多柔比星或其药学上可接受的盐,例如盐酸多柔比星,且
其中所述的磷脂-PEG是DSPE-PEG,
优选地,其中所述的PEG是PEG2000。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中步骤(3)中所述的葡聚糖凝胶柱是Sephadex G50柱,用pH=7.4的PBS缓冲液洗脱。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中步骤(3)中所述的滤膜是聚碳酯滤膜。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中步骤(2)中所加入的磷脂、胆固醇和磷脂-PEG的重量比是3:1:1,并且所加入的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的磷脂-PEG的摩尔数的8%。
在一个实施方案中,提供了上述方法,其中步骤(1)中所述的透析是用截留分子量为1000道尔顿的透析袋进行的。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了用上文所述的方法制备的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了治疗癌症的方法,其包括给癌症患者施用治疗有效量的本发明的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体。所述癌症例如是:急性白血病,例如淋巴细胞性和粒细胞性白血病;恶性淋巴瘤;乳腺癌;肺癌,例如小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、支气管肺癌;卵巢癌;软组织肉瘤;成骨肉瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;尤文肉瘤;肾母细胞瘤;神经母细胞瘤;膀胱癌;甲状腺癌;前列腺癌;头颈部鳞癌;睾丸癌胃癌;肝癌;或黑色素瘤等。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了本发明的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体在制备抗癌药物中的用途。
在一个实施方案中,所述药物可以是注射剂,例如水针剂、冻干粉针或输液等。
在另一个方面,提供了本发明的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体,其用作药物。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了本发明的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体,其用于治疗癌症,所述癌症例如是:急性白血病,例如淋巴细胞性和粒细胞性白血病;恶性淋巴瘤;乳腺癌;肺癌,例如小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、支气管肺癌;卵巢癌;软组织肉瘤;成骨肉瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;尤文肉瘤;肾母细胞瘤;神经母细胞瘤;膀胱癌;甲状腺癌;前列腺癌;头颈部鳞癌;睾丸癌胃癌;肝癌;或黑色素瘤等。
在一个实施方案中,提供了本发明的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体,其是注射剂例如水针剂、冻干粉针或输液的形式。
本发明的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体或用其制备的抗癌药物可用于治疗癌症,所述癌症例如是:急性白血病,如淋巴细胞性和粒细胞性白血病;恶性淋巴瘤;乳腺癌;肺癌,例如小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、支气管肺癌;卵巢癌;软组织肉瘤;成骨肉瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;尤文肉瘤;肾母细胞瘤;神经母细胞瘤;膀胱癌;甲状腺癌;前列腺癌;头颈部鳞癌;睾丸癌胃癌;肝癌;或黑色素瘤等。
本发明的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体可以以治疗有效量被施用。合适的剂量范围典型地是0.1~1000mg·m-2,优选1~100mg·m-2,最优选10~50mg·m-2,其取决于多种因素如待治疗的疾病的严重程度、个体的年龄和相对健康状况、施用所针对的适应症以及所涉及的医学执业者的经验。在需要的情况下,可以低于或高于上述剂量范围。癌症治疗领域的任意一个普通技术人员无需过多实验依靠个人知识和本申请的公开内容即能确定本发明的化合物对于所给定的疾病的治疗有效量。
本文所用的术语“治疗有效量”意指给个体治疗疾病时足以对所述疾病产生缓解或治愈作用的量。“治疗有效量”将根据化合物、待治疗的疾病、待治疗的疾病的严重程度、个体的年龄和相关健康情况、主治医师或兽医执业者的判断和其它因素而变化。
如上文所述,本发明的用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体具有多种优点,而且本发明所用的靶头分子c(RGD-ACP-K)分子量小,因而抗原性较小,不易发生免疫反应。本发明的制备方法条件温和,反应迅速,靶分子偶联简单,工艺成熟,适合大工业生产。
附图说明
图1A、图1B和图1C显示了采用高内涵实验(高内涵分析仪,PerkinElmer,USA)考察的用DSPE-PEG-c(RADfk)、DSPE-PEG-c(RGDfk)、DSPE-PEG-ABHT、DSPE-PEG-c(RGD-AAB-K)、DSPE-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体(分别用c(RADfk)-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、ABHT-lipo、c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo、c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo表示)以及被动靶向的长循环脂质体(Neg-lipo)的体外细胞靶向性。结果表明,在黑色素瘤细胞B16细胞(图1A)、人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC细胞)(图1B)和乳腺癌细胞(MCF7细胞)(图1C)模型中,所考察的长循环脂质体的靶向性由高到低的顺序依次为:c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo>c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo>ABHT-lipo>c(RGDfk)-lipo>c(RADfk)-lipo>Neg-lipo,并且其中c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo的靶向性显著高于所有其它脂质体。在使用的三种细胞中,B16细胞和HUVEC细胞为整合素受体αvβ3高表达细胞,MCF7细胞为整合素受体αvβ3低表达细胞。由实验结果可以看出,三种细胞均高选择性地摄取c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo,因此c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo不仅对整合素受体αvβ3高表达的细胞有靶向作用,也对整合素受体αvβ3低表达细胞有靶向作用。在图1A、图1B和图1C中,*表示ANOVA方差分析显示有显著性差异,p<0.05;**表示ANOVA方差分析显示有非常显著性差异,p<0.01。
图2显示了采用高内涵实验(高内涵分析仪,PerkinElmer,USA)考察的使用不同量的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)和磷脂-PEG制备长循环脂质体对所获得的脂质体的体外细胞靶向性的影响。结果表明,在B16细胞模型中,使用不同量的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)和磷脂-PEG制备盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体对所获得的脂质体的体外细胞靶向性有显著性影响。在所考察的0%-20%的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)/磷脂-PEG摩尔比例范围内,用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体的体外细胞靶向性由高到低的顺序为:8%>12%>4%>16%>0%>20%。所述比例在4%-16%范围内结果较优,在8%-12%范围内结果更优,最优比例为8%。当所述比例增高至20%时,细胞对脂质体的摄取小于不用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的脂质体。在图2中,**表示ANOVA方差分析显示有非常显著性差异,p<0.01。图2中的“靶头密度”是指在制备脂质体的过程中所加入的DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数占所加入的DSPE-PEG2000的摩尔数的百分比。
图3A和图3B显示了尾静脉注射包封有盐酸多柔比星的被动靶向脂质体(Neg-lipo)以及包封有盐酸多柔比星的各种主动靶向脂质体(c(RADfk)-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、ABHT-lipo、c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo、c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo)后小鼠肿瘤的体积变化曲线。图3A中的曲线由下到上分别代表c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo、Neg-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、c(RADfk)-lipo、c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo、ABHT-lipo和对照(PBS缓冲液)。由图3A可见,以肿瘤体积评价肿瘤抑制效果,各种脂质体的肿瘤抑制作用由大到小的顺序为:c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo>Neg-lipo>c(RGDfk)-lipo、c(RADfk)-lipo>c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo>ABHT-lipo>对照(PBS缓冲液)。图3B中的曲线由下到上分别代表c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo、Neg-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo和对照(PBS缓冲液)。由图3B可见,ANOVA方差分析结果显示,给药后第7天c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo与Neg-lipo相比出现显著性差异(p<0.05);给药后第9天c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo与c(RGDfk)-lipo相比出现显著性差异(p<0.05)。c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo组显示了最好的肿瘤抑制效果,好于阳性对照c(RGDfk)-lipo。图3A和图3B中的*表示ANOVA方差分析显示有显著性差异,p<0.05。
图4A和图4B显示了尾静脉注射包封有盐酸多柔比星的被动靶向脂质体(Neg-lipo)以及包封有盐酸多柔比星的各种主动靶向脂质体(c(RADfk)-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、ABHT-lipo、c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo、c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo)的小鼠在实验结束后最终的肿瘤体积照片和肿瘤重量。从图4A和图4B的结果可见,各种脂质体的肿瘤抑制作用由大到小的顺序为:c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo>c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo>Neg-lipo>c(RGDfk)-lipo≈c(RADfk)-lipo>ABHT-lipo>对照(PBS缓冲液)。所有试验组与对照组PBS缓冲液相比均有非常显著性差异(ANOVA方差分析,p<0.01)。c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo与c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo组相比具有显著性差异(ANOVA方差分析,p<0.05),与Neg-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、c(RADfk)-lipo、ABHT-lipo组相比均具有非常显著性差异(ANOVA方差分析,p<0.01)。也就是说,试验结束时c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo组的肿瘤重量显著低于其它所有组。在图4A和图4B中,*表示ANOVA方差分析显示有显著性差异,p<0.05;**表示ANOVA方差分析显示有非常显著性差异,p<0.01。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于进一步说明本发明,但不作为对本发明的限制。
缩写
PBS 磷酸盐缓冲溶液
PEG 聚乙二醇
RGD 精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸
PE-PEG 磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇
PC-PEG 磷脂酰胆碱-聚乙二醇
DSPE-PEG 二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇
DSPE-PEG-NHS 二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-N-羟基琥
珀酰亚胺
DSPE-PEG-BTA 二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-苯并三唑
DSPE-PEG-c(RADfk) 二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-c(RADfk)
DSPE-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K) 二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇
-c(RGD-ACP-K)
DSPE-PEG-ABHT 二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇-ABHT
DSPE-PEG-c(RGD-AAB-K) 二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇
c(RGD-AAB-K)
Neg-lipo 仅用PEG修饰、无环肽修饰的盐酸多柔比星
长循环脂质体,被动靶向的盐酸多柔比星长
循环脂质体
c(RGDfk)-lipo 用c(RGDfk)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂
质体
c(RADfk)-lipo 用c(RADfk)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂
质体
ABHT-lipo 用ABHT修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体
c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo 用c(RGD-AAB-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循
环脂质体
c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo 用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循
环脂质体
如果没有特别说明,实施例中所使用的合成原料均是本领域已知的,可以通过已知的方法合成或可以商购获得。
实施例1―用于制备DSPE-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的DSPE-PEG-NHS与c(RGD-ACP-K)的不同摩尔比的考察
将DSPE-PEG2000-NHS和靶头分子c(RGD-ACP-K)分别溶解在无水二甲基甲酰胺中,所得的靶头分子c(RGD-ACP-K)溶液的浓度为0.01M;DSPE-PEG2000-NHS溶液的浓度分别为0.010M、0.012M、0.015M和0.020M。将相同体积的两种溶液加入到圆底烧瓶中(从而使得靶头分子c(RGD-ACP-K)与DSPE-PEG2000-NHS的摩尔比分别为1:1﹑1:1.2﹑1:1.5和1:2),用三乙胺调节pH=8~9。使混合物在4℃下反应4-10小时。反应期间用HPLC(安捷伦高效液相色谱仪,型号:Agilent1260LC;色谱条件:A:0.1%三乙胺水溶液;B:0.1%三乙胺乙腈水溶液(乙腈:水=80:20),B:10%~35%梯度洗脱,20min)检测反应程度。
实验结果表明,c(RGD-ACP-K)与DSPE-PEG2000-NHS的摩尔比为1:1时,靶头的峰位最终未完全消失;以其它三个比例反应时靶头的峰位完全消失,这说明在1:1.2、1:1.5和1:2三个比例下靶头分子完全反应,替代了NHS,形成了DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)。在反应结束后,DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)与DSPE-PEG2000-NHS的摩尔比分别为1:0.2、1:0.5和1:1。这也说明,在制备耦合物的反应中,DSPE-PEG-NHS过量有利于反应完全。
实施例2―DSPE-PEG-c(RADfk)、DSPE-PEG-c(RGDfk)、DSPE-PEG-ABHT、DSPE-PEG-c(RGD-AAB-K)、DSPE-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的制备
将DSPE-PEG2000-NHS和靶头c(RADfk)、c(RGDfk)、ABHT、c(RGD-AAB-K)或c(RGD-ACP-K)分别溶解在无水二甲基甲酰胺中,所得的DSPE-PEG2000-NHS溶液的浓度为0.012M,所得的靶头分子c(RADfk)、c(RGDfk)、ABHT、c(RGD-AAB-K)或c(RGD-ACP-K)溶液的浓度为0.01M。将两种溶液(靶头分子与DSPE-PEG2000-NHS的摩尔比为1:1.2)加入到圆底烧瓶中,用三乙胺调节pH=8~9。使混合物在4℃下反应4-10小时。反应期间用HPLC(安捷伦高效液相色谱仪,型号:Agilent1260LC;色谱条件:A:0.1%三乙胺水溶液;B:0.1%三乙胺乙腈水溶液(乙腈:水=80:20),B:10%~35%梯度洗脱,20min)检测反应程度,直至靶头的峰位完全消失。再继续反应12小时后加入过量的甘氨酸终止反应。然后将反应物置于透析袋内(MW=1000),用蒸馏水透析48小时。透析后的液体冻干备用。冷冻干燥条件如下:
预冻:-45℃,300min;
一次干燥:第1阶段(-40℃):600min
第2阶段(-30℃):600min
第3阶段(-20℃):360min
第4阶段(-10℃):360min
二次干燥:第1阶段(10℃):60min
第2阶段(20℃):60min
第3阶段(25℃):120min
所得的冻干物分别是DSPE-PEG2000-c(RADfk)、DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGDfk)、DSPE-PEG2000-ABHT、DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-AAB-K)和DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)与DSPE-PEG2000-NHS的摩尔比为1:0.2的混合物。
用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)(型号:microflex,厂家:美国布鲁克)分析透析后的液体中所含产物的分子量。结果显示,在分子量为3500处有一正态分布的峰,证明确实合成了产物DSPE-PEG2000-c(RADfk)、DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGDfk)、DSPE-PEG2000-ABHT、DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-AAB-K)、DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)。
实施例3―用c(RADfk)、c(RGDfk)、ABHT、c(RGD-AAB-K)、c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体和被动靶向的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体的制备
取氢化大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇、DSPE-PEG2000(三者的重量比=3:1:1)以及实施例2中制备的冻干物(所加入的DSPE-PEG2000-c(RADfk)、DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGDfk)、DSPE-PEG2000-ABHT、DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-AAB)或DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的DSPE-PEG2000的摩尔数的8%),置于圆底烧瓶中,加入氯仿溶解,在旋转蒸发器上于37℃蒸发30min以除去有机溶剂,得到均匀透明的薄膜。将薄膜置于真空干燥箱中过夜除掉残余的有机溶剂。取适量硫酸铵水溶液(123mM,pH 5.4),涡旋片刻后探头超声至出现蓝色乳光。将反应体系过Sephadex G50柱,用PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)洗脱,收集脂质体部分,得到用c(RADfk)、c(RGDfk)、ABHT、c(RGD-AAB-K)、c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的空白长循环脂质体。
按照以上方法仅使用氢化大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇、DSPE-PEG2000制备被动靶向的空白长循环脂质体。
将收集到的空白长循环脂质体分别与盐酸多柔比星储备液(水溶液5mg/ml)于60℃孵育20min并时时振摇,将反应体系过Sephadex G50柱,用PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)洗脱,收集红色脂质体部分,反复挤压过0.22μm聚碳酯滤膜,即得标题产物。所制备的用c(RADfk)、c(RGDfk)、ABHT、c(RGD-AAB-K)、c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体分别称为c(RADfk)-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、ABHT-lipo、c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo、c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo,所制备的被动靶向的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体称为Neg-lipo。
实施例4―用c(RADfk)、c(RGDfk)、ABHT、c(RGD-AAB-K)、c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体和被动靶向的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体的理化性质的考察
用马尔文粒径仪(MS2000MU)(仪器型号:Nano ZS,条件:分散介质:水;粒径杯:PCS1115;温度:25℃;测试次数:3次)测定实施例3中制备的各种长循环脂质体的理化性质,包括粒径、粒径分布、多分散指数(PDI)、表面电位。
用紫外分光光度仪(北京普析通用,T6新世纪)测定盐酸多柔比星的药物包封率以及释放效果。释放的方法为:将等体积的实施例3中制备的各种长循环脂质体和含血清培养基置于透析袋(Mw=14000)内,用PBS(pH=7.4)作为释放介质,48小时后取样(5ml),用紫外分光光度计(普析通用,T6新世纪,检测波长:485nm)检测药物浓度,计算累积释放率。
同时,为了验证释放方法的可信性,将等浓度的游离的盐酸多柔比星用同样的方法释放,结果显示48小时内几乎全部释放,这说明本实施例中所用的释放方法是可靠的,可表现盐酸多柔比星从脂质体中的释放行为。
表1
注:游离盐酸多柔比星的48小时释放度为98.34%。
实施例5―用c(RADfk)、c(RGDfk)、ABHT、c(RGD-AAB-K)、c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体和被动靶向的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体的体外靶向性研究
采用高内涵实验(高内涵分析仪,PerkinElmer,USA)考察所制备的长循环脂质体的体外细胞靶向性。将实施例3中所制备的各种长循环脂质体按相同的浓度(300ng/ml)与B16细胞、HUVEC细胞或MCF7细胞一起于37℃共同孵育2小时,再用4%多聚甲醛于37℃固定20min,最后用Hochest33258对细胞核染色。将细胞对脂质体的摄取情况用高内涵分析仪(PerkinElmer,USA)进行定量分析。实验结果见图1A、图1B和图1C。
结果表明,在B16细胞(图1A)、HUVEC细胞(图1B)和MCF7细胞(图1C)模型中,所考察的长循环脂质体的靶向性由高到低的顺序依次为:c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo>c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo>ABHT-lipo>c(RGDfk)-lipo>c(RADfk)-lipo>Neg-lipo,并且其中统计学分析显示c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo的靶向性显著高于所有其它脂质体(p<0.05或p<0.01)。在使用的三种细胞中,B16细胞和HUVEC细胞为整合素受体αvβ3高表达细胞,MCF7细胞为整合素受体αvβ3低表达细胞。由实验结果可以看出,三种细胞均高选择性地摄取c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo,这说明c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo不仅对整合素受体αvβ3高表达的细胞有靶向作用,也对整合素受体αvβ3低表达细胞有靶向作用,其对肿瘤具有靶向性的机理不限于选择性地被整合素受体αvβ3识别,仍有其它未知机理,导致其能靶向于低表达整合素受体αvβ3的肿瘤细胞,被摄取到这些肿瘤细胞内。
实施例6―使用不同量的DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)和DSPE-PEG2000对长循环脂质体的体外细胞靶向性的影响
采用高内涵实验(高内涵分析仪,PerkinElmer,USA)考察了不同的DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)与DSPE-PEG2000摩尔比对长循环脂质体的体外细胞靶向性的影响。按照实施例3的方法,用摩尔比为0%、4%、8%、12%、16%和20%的DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)/DSPE-PEG2000制备盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体。将制备的脂质体按相同的浓度(300ng/ml)与B16细胞一起于37℃共同孵育2小时,再用4%多聚甲醛于37℃固定20min,最后用Hochest33258对细胞核染色。将细胞对脂质体的摄取情况用高内涵分析仪进行定量分析。实验结果见图2。
结果表明,在B16细胞模型中,使用不同的DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)/DSPE-PEG2000摩尔比对长循环脂质体的体外细胞靶向性有显著性影响。在所考察的0%-20%的DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)/DSPE-PEG2000摩尔比范围内,长循环脂质体的体外细胞靶向性由高到低的顺序为:8%>12%>4%>16%>0%>20%。DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)/DSPE-PEG2000的摩尔比在4%-16%范围内结果较优,在8%-12%范围内结果更优,最优比例为8%。当DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)/DSPE-PEG2000的摩尔比增高至20%时,细胞对脂质体的摄取小于不用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的脂质体,因此该比例不能过高。
实施例7―用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体的药效学研究
对照:PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)和被动靶向的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体(Neg-lipo)。
参比制剂:用环肽c(RGDfk)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体(c(RGDfk)-lipo)和用环肽c(RADfk)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体(c(RADfk)-lipo)
实验制剂:ABHT-lipo、c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo和c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo
实验动物:接种鼠源性黑色素瘤B16的C57BL/6小鼠(体重18-22克,雄性)。分成5组,每组7~9只。接种12天后,在第13天尾静脉注射给药,给药量为2mg盐酸多柔比星/kg体重,隔天给药一次,共给药四次。考察指标为肿瘤生长体积和实验结束后最终的肿瘤重量。隔天测量肿瘤体积。最后将小鼠脱颈椎处死,取小鼠黑色素瘤拍照,称量。
实验结果:小鼠的肿瘤体积变化结果见图3A和图3B,处死小鼠后的肿瘤照片和肿瘤重量见图4A和图4B。
图3A和图3B显示了尾静脉注射包封有盐酸多柔比星的被动靶向脂质体(Neg-lipo)以及包封有盐酸多柔比星的各种主动靶向脂质体(c(RADfk)-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、ABHT-lipo、c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo、c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo)后小鼠肿瘤的体积变化曲线。图3A中的曲线由下到上分别代表c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo、Neg-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、c(RADfk)-lipo、c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo、ABHT-lipo和对照(PBS缓冲液)。由图3A可见,以肿瘤体积评价肿瘤抑制效果,各种脂质体的肿瘤抑制作用由大到小的顺序为:c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo>Neg-lipo>c(RGDfk)-lipo、c(RADfk)-lipo>c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo>ABHT-lipo>对照(PBS缓冲液)。图3B中的曲线由下到上分别代表c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo、Neg-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo和对照(PBS缓冲液)。由图3B可见,ANOVA方差分析结果显示,首次给药后第7天(即,实验的第19天)c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo与Neg-lipo相比出现显著性差异(p<0.05);首次给药后第9天(即,实验的第21天)c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo与c(RGDfk)-lipo相比出现显著性差异(p<0.05)。c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo组显示了最好的肿瘤抑制效果,好于阳性对照c(RGDfk)-lipo。图3A和图3B中的*表示ANOVA方差分析显示有显著性差异,p<0.05。
图4A和图4B显示了尾静脉注射包封有盐酸多柔比星的被动靶向脂质体(Neg-lipo)以及包封有盐酸多柔比星的各种主动靶向脂质体(c(RADfk)-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、ABHT-lipo、c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo、c(RGD-ACP-K))的小鼠在实验结束后最终的肿瘤体积照片和肿瘤重量。从图4A和图4B的结果可见,各种脂质体的肿瘤抑制作用由大到小的顺序为:c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo>c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo>Neg-lipo>c(RGDfk)-lipo≈c(RADfk)-lipo>ABHT-lipo>对照(PBS缓冲液)。所有试验组与对照组PBS缓冲液相比均有非常显著性差异(ANOVA方差分析,p<0.01)。c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo与c(RGD-AAB-K)-lipo组相比具有显著性差异(ANOVA方差分析,p<0.05),与Neg-lipo、c(RGDfk)-lipo、c(RADfk)-lipo、ABHT-lipo组相比均具有非常显著性差异(ANOVA方差分析,p<0.01)。也就是说,试验结束时c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo组的肿瘤重量显著低于其它所有组。在图4A和图4B中,*表示ANOVA方差分析显示有显著性差异,p<0.05;**表示ANOVA方差分析显示有非常显著性差异,p<0.01。
图1A、1B和1C的体外实验结果显示用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体具有最佳的靶向性,图3A、图3B、图4A和图4B的体内实验结果也显示用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体具有最好的抗肿瘤作用,因此用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体的体内和体外实验结果一致。
实施例8―本发明的盐酸阿霉素长循环脂质体的心脏毒性评价
将实施例7的药效试验结束后的各组小鼠的心脏做石蜡切片并进行苏木素-伊红染色(HE染色)。在显微镜下观察各组小鼠心肌细胞是否受到损伤。
结果表明,c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo组无任何细胞坏死,在所有组中心脏毒性最低。
实施例9—用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的顺铂长循环脂质体的制备及其药效学研究
取氢化大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇、DSPE-PEG2000以及实施例2中制备的冻干物(其中氢化大豆卵磷脂:胆固醇:DSPE-PEG2000的重量比=3:1:1,所加入的DSPE-PEG2000-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的DSPE-PEG2000的摩尔数的8%),置于圆底烧瓶中,加入氯仿溶解,在置旋转蒸发器上于37℃蒸发30min以除去有机溶剂,得到均匀透明的薄膜。将薄膜置于真空干燥箱中过夜除掉残余的有机溶剂。取适量水溶液,涡旋片刻后探头超声至出现蓝色乳光。将反应体系过Sephadex G50柱,用PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)洗脱,收集脂质体部分,得到用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的空白长循环脂质体。
按照以上方法仅使用氢化大豆卵磷脂、胆固醇、DSPE-PEG2000制备被动靶向的空白长循环靶向递送系统。
将收集到的空白递送系统分别与顺铂储备液(水溶液10mg/ml)一起于50℃孵育1小时并时时振摇,将反应体系过Sephadex G50柱,用PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)洗脱,收集脂质体部分,反复挤压过0.22μm聚碳酯滤膜,即得标题产物,经测定包封率为96%。用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的顺铂脂质体称为c(RGD-ACP-K)–lipo-platin,用被动空白靶向递送系统制备的顺铂长循环脂质体称为Neg-lipo-platin。
对照:PBS溶液(pH=7.4)和被动靶向递送系统(Neg-lipo-platin)。
实验制剂:c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo-platin
实验动物:接种鼠源性黑色素瘤B16的C57BL/6小鼠(体重18-22克,雄性)。分成5组,每组7~9只。接种12天后,尾静脉注射给药,给药量为5mg顺铂/kg体重,隔天给药,共给药四次。考察指标为肿瘤生长体积和实验结束后最终的肿瘤重量。隔天测量肿瘤体积。最后将小鼠脱颈椎处死,称量肿瘤体积。
结果显示,尽管c(RGD-ACP-K)-lipo-platin的抗肿瘤作用显著好于PBS(pH=7.4),但是与Neg-lipo-platin之间的肿瘤重量无统计学上的显著性差异。
尽管已经参照其具体实施方案描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员应当理解,可以在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下进行各种改变以产生等效的技术方案。所有这类等效的技术方案均包括在所附的权利要求的范围内。
Claims (25)
1.一种长循环脂质体,其特征在于所述脂质体的表面用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰,所述的c(RGD-ACP-K)通过化学键与PEG连接,所述的PEG与脂质体表面的磷脂连接,并且所述脂质体包含多柔比星或其药学上可接受的盐例如盐酸多柔比星作为抗癌活性剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的长循环脂质体,其中所述的c(RGD-ACP-K)通过化学键与PEG连接,所述的PEG与脂质体表面的磷脂连接,该磷脂选自二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱(DSPC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)和磷脂酰胆碱(PC)。
3.根据权利要求3所述的长循环脂质体,其中所述的c(RGD-ACP-K)通过化学键与PEG连接,所述的PEG与脂质体表面的二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)连接。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的长循环脂质体,其中所述的PEG分子量在200-50000之间,优选在1000-5000之间,更优选其中所述的PEG是PEG1000、PEG1100、PEG1200、PEG1300、PEG1400、PEG1450、PEG1500、PEG1600、PEG1700、PEG1800、PEG1900、PEG2000、PEG2100、PEG2200、PEG2300、PEG2400、PEG2500、PEG2600、PEG2700、PEG2800、PEG2900、PEG3000、PEG3250、PEG3350、PEG3500、PEG3750、PEG4000、PEG4250、PEG4500、PEG4750或PEG5000,最优选其中所述的PEG是PEG2000。
5.根据权利要求3所述的长循环脂质体,其中所述的PEG是PEG2000。
6.制备用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)使过量的磷脂-PEG-R1与c(RGD-ACP-K)反应,在c(RGD-ACP-K)耗尽后,用甘氨酸终止反应,将反应物透析,然后冷冻干燥,得到冻干物,其是磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)与磷脂-PEG-R1的混合物,其中R1是琥珀酰亚胺酯基(-NHS)或苯并三唑基(-BTC);
(2)用磷脂、胆固醇、磷脂-PEG和步骤(1)中制备的冻干物制备空白长循环脂质体,其中所加入的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的磷脂-PEG的摩尔数的4-16%;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的空白长循环脂质体与抗癌活性剂溶液一起孵育,然后将反应体系过葡聚糖凝胶柱,洗脱并收集红色脂质体部分,反复挤压过0.22μm的滤膜,得到用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的盐酸多柔比星长循环脂质体,
其中所述的抗癌活性剂是多柔比星或其药学上可接受的盐,例如盐酸多柔比星。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述的PEG分子量在200-50000之间,优选在1000-5000之间,更优选其中所述的PEG是PEG1000、PEG1100、PEG1200、PEG1300、PEG1400、PEG1450、PEG1500、PEG1600、PEG1700、PEG1800、PEG1900、PEG2000、PEG2100、PEG2200、PEG2300、PEG2400、PEG2500、PEG2600、PEG2700、PEG2800、PEG2900、PEG3000、PEG3250、PEG3350、PEG3500、PEG3750、PEG4000、PEG4250、PEG4500、PEG4750或PEG5000,最优选其中所述的PEG是PEG2000。
8.根据权利要求6-7中任意一项所述的方法,其中步骤(3)中所加入的磷脂选自大豆卵磷脂、氢化大豆卵磷脂、二月桂酰卵磷脂、二肉豆蔻酰卵磷脂、二棕榈酰卵磷脂、二硬脂酰卵磷脂、1-肉豆蔻酰-2-棕榈酰卵磷脂、1-棕榈酰-2-肉豆蔻酰卵磷脂、1-棕榈酰-2-硬脂酰卵磷脂、1-硬脂酰-2-棕榈酰卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、二油酰基卵磷脂、二月桂酰磷脂酰甘油、二棕榈酰磷脂酸、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二棕榈酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰丝氨酸、二棕榈酰磷脂酰二丝氨酸、二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱、脑磷脂酰丝氨酸、脑神经鞘磷脂、二棕榈酰神经鞘磷脂、二硬脂酰神经鞘磷脂、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺(DSPE)或其组合。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任意一项所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中所加入的c(RGD-ACP-K)与磷脂-PEG-R1的摩尔比是1:1.2、1:1.5或1:2,优选1:1.2。
10.根据权利要求6-9中任意一项所述的方法,其中所述的磷脂-PEG-R1是磷脂-PEG-NHS。
11.根据权利要求6-10中任意一项所述的方法,其中所述的磷脂-PEG选自二硬脂酰基磷脂酰胆碱-聚乙二醇(PEG-DSPC)、磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(PEG-PE)、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(PEG-DSPE)、磷脂酰胆碱-聚乙二醇(PEG-PC),更优选是二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(PEG-DSPE)。
12.根据权利要求6-11中任意一项所述的方法,其中步骤(2)中所加入的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的磷脂-PEG的摩尔数的8-12%,最优选8%。
13.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其包括以下步骤:
(1)使c(RGD-ACP-K)与磷脂-PEG-R1以摩尔比1:1.2反应,在c(RGD-ACP-K)耗尽后,用甘氨酸终止反应,将反应物透析,然后冷冻干燥,得到冻干物,其是磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)与磷脂-PEG的摩尔比为1:0.2的混合物,其中R1是琥珀酰亚胺酯基(-NHS);
(2)用磷脂、胆固醇、磷脂-PEG和步骤(1)中制备的冻干物制备空白长循环脂质体,其中所加入的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的磷脂-PEG的摩尔数的4-16%,优选8%-12%,最优选8%;
(3)将步骤(2)制备的空白长循环脂质体与抗癌活性剂溶液一起孵育,然后将反应体系过葡聚糖凝胶柱,收集红色脂质体部分,反复挤压过0.22μm的滤膜,即得用c(RGD-ACP-K)修饰的长循环脂质体,
其中所述的抗癌活性剂是多柔比星或其药学上可接受的盐,例如盐酸多柔比星,且
其中所述的磷脂-PEG是DSPE-PEG,
优选地,其中所述的PEG是PEG2000。
14.根据权利要求6-13中任意一项所述的方法,其中步骤(3)中所述的葡聚糖凝胶柱是Sephadex G50柱,用pH=7.4的PBS缓冲液洗脱。
15.根据权利要求6-14中任意一项所述的方法,其中步骤(3)中所述的滤膜是聚碳酯滤膜。
16.根据权利要求6-15中任意一项所述的方法,其中步骤(2)中所加入的磷脂、胆固醇、磷脂-PEG的重量比是3:1:1,并且所加入的磷脂-PEG-c(RGD-ACP-K)的摩尔数是所加入的磷脂-PEG的摩尔数的8%。
17.根据权利要求6-16中任意一项所述的方法,其中步骤(1)中所述的透析是用截留分子量为1000道尔顿的透析袋进行的。
18.用权利要求6-17中任意一项所述的方法制备的长循环脂质体。
19.权利要求1-5和权利要求18中任意一项所述的长循环脂质体在制备抗癌药物中的用途。
20.根据权利要求19的用途,其中所述药物是注射剂,例如水针剂﹑冻干粉针或输液。
21.根据权利要求19-20中任意一项所述的用途,其中所述药物用于治疗癌症,所述癌症例如是:急性白血病,如淋巴细胞性和粒细胞性白血病;恶性淋巴瘤;乳腺癌;肺癌,例如小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、支气管肺癌;卵巢癌;软组织肉瘤;成骨肉瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;尤文肉瘤;肾母细胞瘤;神经母细胞瘤;膀胱癌;甲状腺癌;前列腺癌;头颈部鳞癌;睾丸癌;胃癌;肝癌;或黑色素瘤等。
22.权利要求1-5和权利要求18中任意一项所述的长循环脂质体,其用作药物。
23.权利要求1-5和权利要求18中任意一项所述的长循环脂质体,其是注射剂,例如水针剂、冻干粉针或输液的形式。
24.权利要求1-5和权利要求18中任意一项所述的长循环脂质体,其用于治疗癌症,所述癌症例如是:急性白血病,如淋巴细胞性和粒细胞性白血病;恶性淋巴瘤;乳腺癌;肺癌,例如小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、支气管肺癌;卵巢癌;软组织肉瘤;成骨肉瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;尤文肉瘤;肾母细胞瘤;神经母细胞瘤;膀胱癌;甲状腺癌;前列腺癌;头颈部鳞癌;睾丸癌;胃癌;肝癌;或黑色素瘤等。
25.治疗癌症的方法,其包括给癌症患者施用治疗有效量的权利要求1-5和权利要求18中任意一项所述的长循环脂质体,所述癌症例如是:急性白血病,例如淋巴细胞性和粒细胞性白血病;恶性淋巴瘤;乳腺癌;肺癌,例如小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌、支气管肺癌;卵巢癌;软组织肉瘤;成骨肉瘤;横纹肌肉瘤;尤文肉瘤;肾母细胞瘤;神经母细胞瘤;膀胱癌;甲状腺癌;前列腺癌;头颈部鳞癌;睾丸癌胃癌;肝癌;或黑色素瘤等。
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| FIEP18806024.8T FI3632413T3 (fi) | 2017-05-25 | 2018-05-24 | C(rgd-acp-k):lla modifioitu elimistössä pitkään kiertävä liposomi |
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| CN118308428A (zh) * | 2024-06-07 | 2024-07-09 | 深圳源兴基因技术有限公司 | 一种腺病毒载体的高效培养方法 |
| CN118308428B (zh) * | 2024-06-07 | 2024-09-03 | 深圳源兴基因技术有限公司 | 一种腺病毒载体的高效培养方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI3632413T3 (fi) | 2024-12-13 |
| KR20240142599A (ko) | 2024-09-30 |
| DK3632413T3 (da) | 2024-12-16 |
| KR102708349B1 (ko) | 2024-09-23 |
| JP7204744B2 (ja) | 2023-01-16 |
| EP3632413B1 (en) | 2024-09-11 |
| EP3632413A4 (en) | 2021-03-10 |
| EP3632413A1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
| WO2018214944A1 (zh) | 2018-11-29 |
| JP2020521004A (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
| KR20200010510A (ko) | 2020-01-30 |
| US20200197424A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
| CN108926719B (zh) | 2020-09-01 |
| US11260068B2 (en) | 2022-03-01 |
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