CN108926540A - 一种用于制造药物递送的软咀嚼剂型的方法 - Google Patents
一种用于制造药物递送的软咀嚼剂型的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于制造药物递送的软咀嚼剂型的方法,属于医药技术领域。适合的软咀嚼药物制剂包含非活性成分,并且优选的非活性成分组成包括液体粘合剂系统和固体赋形剂。此种处方组合物优选的处方既可以使用传统的挤出机或模制机来成型制剂,又可以使用常用的压片机进行压片制备软咀嚼药物制剂,以摆脱对成型设备的限制束缚。制造可使用的软咀嚼药物载体在混合期间不需要使用热和成品水分含量低,进而稳定提供活性成分的稳定浓度,以生产出对犬/猫适口性好、质量、质地均一的软咀嚼药物载体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制造药物递送的软咀嚼剂型的方法,属于医药技术领域。
背景技术
药物的适口性可以增加药物的患者接受性,特别是对于动物,且动物中的猫对药物的适口性更加挑剔;动物比较倾向于吞咽片剂或者胶囊剂等形式的固体制剂,但是很多活性物质本身口感极不好(如苦味、涩味等),这使得动物在服用药物时适口性很差。
调味剂、矫味剂或诱食剂被用来改善药物制剂的适口性。例如兽药中动物来源的调味剂(如牛肉粉、鸡肝粉、猪肉粉、牛骨粉、肝粉、牛奶、明胶、鸡蛋等)或植物来源(如大豆蛋白等)的调味剂被用来使用到咀嚼片中。
虽然咀嚼片中使用了调味剂、矫味剂或诱食剂,但是这并不足以吸收人——特别是动物的使用,一般来说,肉样块的“可食用软咀嚼物”即软咀嚼制剂(soft chewables),因其具有类似于熟肉的质地柔软程度和气味(兼具色与味)而广泛地被动物接受,尤其是猫这种对味道特别敏感的动物。目前国外上市注册的软咀嚼制剂包括:Heartgard(ivermectin/pyrantel)、Quellin(carprofen)、Nexgard(afoxolaner)、Nexgard Spectra(afoxolaner/milbemycin oxime)、Interceptor Plus(milbemycin oxime and praziquantel)、Sentinel Spectrum(lufenuron/praziquantel/milbemycin oxime)等。
中国专利CN105963270A(申请号201610507054.6)公开了一种盐酸贝那普利软咀嚼片及其制备方法,该专利中需要对贝那普利原料药进行流化床包衣处理,且未描述相关的成型设备,所以该专利中的制剂工艺与技术无法在兽药领域实现大规模生产;且该专利中包衣材料与原料药的比例根本无法达到很好地掩味作用,具体比例可以参照中国专利CN1652754B(申请号03810571.3)中提到的对于贝那普利包衣处理的工艺参数。
中国专利CN100488376C(申请号200480021551)公开了适口的可塑可咀嚼兽用组合物,即对应的 Interceptor Plus,本专利适用活性成分为驱虫剂(体内外),且其对挤出设备要求很高(至少布勒 BCTG-62/28D型号以上设备),同时要求挤出时在低温(低于10℃)条件下进行,此专利方法无疑增加了生产成本,且不利于在国内进行大规模生产和推广使用。
中国专利CN101909605B(申请号200880124524.4)公开了制造用于药物递送的软咀嚼剂型的方法及其产品,本专利中同样提到需要对原料药进行流化床包衣处理,此专利方法增加了生产成本,对设备性能要求高,不适合在国内进行大规模生产和推广使用。
目前,根据国内外的研究资料和专利信息得知,软咀嚼制剂的生产一般是通过混合均匀后挤压而成的。预先在混合机中混合所有原辅料,混合均匀后再加入挤出机或模制机中,通过螺旋杆的挤压,挤出合适的大小。在此过程中会产生压缩热,进而对于低熔点的化合物不适用此种方法,且会影响制剂的均匀性、一致性和稳定性。或者将物料混匀后压制成大饼状,在切割成合适的大小。这些方法在生产过程中所使用的设备均不是用于药物生产的工业化设备,或者使用了特殊要求的设备,如需要低温、或需要对原料药进行特殊处理(如流化床包衣),均不利于实现药物的工业化大生产。国外专利中(专利号US4327077)最早虽有提到使用常规压片机制备软咀嚼制剂,但因存在普通压片机压片时会出现粘冲、涩冲等现象,当时的专利未解决这些问题。
因此,对于工业化大生产软咀嚼制剂的工艺方法确实存在需求,其中实现优化的制剂处方工艺来通过药物咀嚼片中常见的压片机等设备来实现药物的大生产。优选的,该方法在不施加额外的热或不需要低温条件下到混合物或形成的产品下进行。软咀嚼中所使用的调味剂、矫味剂或诱食剂可以增加对动物的吸引。此外,高度期望软咀嚼的制备工艺方法,不使用复杂的生产设备,该方法以确保均匀的软咀嚼重量、质地和药物含量的方法既可在传统专利或文献中常见的挤出机或模制机上实现大生产,又可以使用常见的压片机进行工业化大生产,摆脱技术对设备的束缚。
发明内容
本发明提供独特的软咀嚼药物制剂剂型和其制造方法,本方法中的软咀嚼药物制剂对于动物来说是特别适口的,特别是挑剔的动物猫。
本发明的制造方法允许软咀嚼制剂的生产,使用优选的制剂组方和工艺,我们意外的发现,既可以使用传统的挤出机或模制机来进行成型,又可以使用药物生产中常见的压片机来实现工业化生产,方便实现药物制剂的大生产应用,摆脱对特定设备的限制和束缚。
优选地,因使用压片机来成型,不需要产生或施加额外的热来完成制剂的成型,可以很好地保护药物活性成分的活性,也不需要低温操作,减少对设备和环境的要求。
同时也发现,生产过程中和成品中均会控制水分的含量,同时减少微生物生长的机会,增加制剂的稳定性。
一、用于本发明的软咀嚼制剂的材料
一般而言,软咀嚼制剂包含药物活性成分和非活性成分,本研究领域的普通技术人员对于这些非活性成分是非常熟悉的。
为了解决最后使用压片机压片的成型性问题,液体粘合剂的组合的筛选和湿颗粒水分的控制尤其重要,以使软咀嚼制剂压片时不会出现粘冲、涩冲的现象,可压性好,解决后续工业化大生产的成型性问题。我们意外的发现所有选的处方组合和制备工艺可以很好地解决这个问题,使所制备的湿颗粒既可以使用挤出机或模制机又可以使用压片机。所选液体粘合剂组合包含:水、聚乙二醇、麦芽糖、羟丙甲纤维素、甘油、辛葵酸甘油酯、大豆油、卵磷脂。优选水、甘油和大豆油为液体的组合,优选聚乙二醇为固体粘合剂,粘合剂的组分含量在30-60%,优选45-55%。固体粘合剂与固体赋形剂一起混合均匀。
在本发明中所用固体赋形剂组合包括淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、微晶纤维素、羧甲基淀粉纳、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、交联聚维酮、牛肉香精、鱼肉味香精、氧化铁、核黄素、胭脂红等中的一种或多种的组合物,固体赋形剂组分含量在40-70%,优选45-55%。
任何可用于口服给药的药用活性物质可以提供为本发明的软咀嚼制剂。人类和/或兽医制药领域的普通技术人员对于这些药用活性物质的特征是完全熟悉的,包含但不限于抗体内外寄生虫剂、抗微生物剂、抗满虫剂、消炎镇痛剂、抗病毒药物、抗酸剂、抗惊厥药、激素、疫苗、镇静剂、抗组胺药、除痰剂、矿物质、微生素等。
在成品中每种成分的量可以是不同的,这取决于活性成分的理化性质、适应症、靶动物或人、给药剂量等因素。本领域普通技术人员将能够根据本发明调节软咀嚼制剂中的特定活性成分的量。一般而言,活性成分量的范围:优选1.0%-50.0%,特别优选1.0-35.0%,更优选的1.0-20.0%,最优选的为不超过15.0%。例如,引用本公司已授权化合物专利(ZL201110160496.5)中活性物质给犬,用于治疗犬围手术期及临床手术等引起的急性、慢性疼痛和炎症,维他昔布(Vitacoxib,参见实施例1)可以被加至前述混合物的4.24%。
贝那普利为一类治疗高血压(人)、心脏衰竭(犬)和蛋白尿(猫)等疾病的药物,但本身贝那普利药物很苦,味道问题导致其在宠物药中使用适口性很差,所以中国专利CN1652754B(申请号03810571.3) 中公布一种采用微丸包衣技术解决犬/猫适口性问题的方法,但其对生产设备要求很高。在本专利中我们意外的发现即使不对原料药进行包衣处理,犬/猫的适口性仍然很好,且对软咀嚼质量无影响(具体见实施例 2。)所以本专利可以不用对原料药进行包衣处理的工序来解决犬/猫适口性问题,降低了大生产的成本和对设备的要求。
驱虫药和抗生素占据着宠物药中市场两大主要份额,本专利的方法适合于将驱虫药和抗生素开发成合适的软咀嚼,因软咀嚼做成肉块的柔软度、气味或/和香味使得犬/猫对于使用何种香精并不敏感,这种跟咀嚼片比较大大提高了宠物特别是猫的适口性,具体见实施例3。
本发明的软咀嚼制剂可以单独的包装,用于给药和稳定的储存。合适的包材包括HDPE瓶或铝塑包装或双铝包装等。
二、制造本发明软咀嚼制剂的方法
本发明中先分别配置液体粘合剂组合系统和固体赋形剂,再将活性成分和固体赋形剂混合均匀,将液体粘合剂加入到固体赋形剂中制得湿颗粒,再此混匀的过程中不需要额外的施加热,室温条件下进行就可以,这对于对温度敏感的药物来说非常适合。将湿颗粒在低温(优选不超过40度)不通风的条件下干燥 (优选3-6小时)湿颗粒至水分在3-8%之间(优选4-6%之间),过尼龙筛或钢筛制粒,筛网目数小于80 目(优选16-24目),使用挤出机或模制机或压片机(合适的冲头与模具)压制适宜硬度的软咀嚼制剂,包装入库。
混合设备包含但并不限于药物制剂生产中常见的湿法制粒机、卧式混合机等,本发明优选的混合机为带搅动刀片的混合机,如专利(CN200480021551.0、CN200880124524.4)中提到的混合机均适合于本发明搅拌混匀之所需。
本发明中特别优选使用药物制剂中湿法制粒的制粒机来作为混合设备,以达到更好的混合均匀度,并不用额外施加热,且可以保证药物在GMP条件下的生产制作环境。
更加特别和意外的发现是在本发明中使用的优选的成型设备既可以是挤出机或模制机也可为药品生产中常见的压片机。制剂的制备工艺对设备选择特别重要,优选的需要对软咀嚼软才即湿颗粒进行干燥控制水分含量在3-8%之间,优选4-6%,水分合格后使用尼龙筛或钢筛制粒,筛网目数小于80目(优选16-24 目),然后进行压片,根据需要选择合适的冲头模具制备需要的形状的软咀嚼。并且优选控制软咀嚼制剂的硬度不超过20N。
附图说明
图1是处方1软咀嚼与维他昔布咀嚼片比对主介质中的溶出曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明已经被充分的描述,发明的具体实施通过以下实施例来说明。实施例不限制于本发明,其通过所附权利要求完整地限制。
实施例1:含维他昔布的活性成分-处方1-制剂
配方组成如下(4000片批量,规格80mg):
制备过程:
室温下混合处方量的甘油、大豆油和水,约混合15分钟使之均匀;室温下使用湿法制粒机混合处方量的固体赋形剂,混合约20分钟使之均匀;将液体粘合剂缓慢的加入到混合均匀的干性辅料中并继续搅拌10分钟得到湿颗粒;使用干燥箱(非循环风,设定温度25度)缓慢的使湿颗粒干燥至水分至3-8%之间,优选4-6%;使用尼龙筛或钢筛制粒,筛网目数小于80目(优选16-24目);使用挤出机或模制机成型,或使用压片机选择合适的冲头压片,需要控制压片参数以防止黏冲,硬度不超过20N;包装(瓶装或铝塑包装)。
对实施例1的软咀嚼产品进行犬/猫适口性试验、产品稳定性试验、与维他昔布咀嚼片的溶出比对试验,结果如下:
(1)软咀嚼处方1犬/猫适口性试验
使用处方1的软咀嚼样品进行犬和猫适口性测试,结果显示处方1的软咀嚼样品犬和猫适口性均较好,能够有效的解决犬和猫的适口性问题。试验方案:分别选择50条犬和猫,手持软咀嚼给犬和猫,1分钟内主动采食记为主动接受;若1分钟内不主动采食,将软咀嚼放入犬和猫口腔中,1分钟内服下记为接受,以上情况均判定为适口性合格;若1分钟内吐出或拒绝服下则记为拒绝,判定为适口性不合格,结果见下表。处方1软咀嚼在犬和猫中的适口性均较好,总体接受率均大于80%。
(2)软咀嚼处方1稳定性试验
将处方1的软咀嚼分别用瓶装和铝塑包装并放置加速条件下6个月(40℃±2℃,RH75%±5%)观察软咀嚼的稳定性,结果见下表。处方1软咀嚼在加速条件下质量稳定,与0月无差异。
(3)溶出比对试验
将处方1软咀嚼与维他昔布咀嚼片比对主介质中的溶出曲线,且分析加速6个月时的溶出曲线,结果显示加速6个月(瓶装)溶出曲线结果与0月无差异(f2=51.56),处方1软咀嚼与维他昔布咀嚼片比较溶出曲线具有相似性(f2=53.17),如图1所示。
实施例2:含贝那普利的活性成分-处方2-制剂
配方组成如下(4000片批量,规格5mg):
制备过程:同实施例1。
将处方2进行适口性研究和稳定性研究,结果如下:
(1)软咀嚼处方2犬/猫适口性试验
犬/猫适口性试验如下表。结果显示,处方2在犬和猫上的适口性均很好(大于80%)。
(2)软咀嚼处方2稳定性试验
将处方2的软咀嚼用瓶装包装并放置加速条件下6个月(40℃±2℃,RH75%±5%)观察软咀嚼的稳定性,结果见下表。处方2软咀嚼在加速条件下质量稳定,与0月无差异。有关物质为杂质C,是贝那普利中的温敏性特征降解杂质,咀嚼片中同样存在,与软咀嚼制剂无关。
实施例4:含驱虫药或抗生素的活性成分-处方3-8-制剂
配方组成如下(4000片批量):
备注:处方3-5所用活性成分为吡喹酮和米尔贝肟的复方制剂,处方6-8所用活性成分为马坡沙星的制剂,处方3-8依次用的香精为天然鸡肉味、天然鸡肝味、天然熏肉味、人工鸡肉味、人工鸡肝味、人工熏肉味。制备过程:同实施例1。
对处方3-8进行适口性考察,结果如下:
(1)软咀嚼处方3-8犬/猫适口性试验
犬/猫适口性试验如下表(50只)。结果显示,所试香精种类在犬和猫中适口性均良好,无需增加额外工艺对原料药进行包衣处理。
| 处方 | 调味剂种类 | 犬总体合格率(%) | 猫总体合格率(%) |
| 处方3 | 天然鸡肉味 | 98 | 84 |
| 处方4 | 天然鸡肝味 | 98 | 82 |
| 处方5 | 天然熏肉味 | 100 | 82 |
| 处方6 | 人工鸡肉味 | 96 | 78 |
| 处方7 | 人工鸡肝味 | 96 | 80 |
| 处方8 | 人工熏肉味 | 98 | 78 |
Claims (4)
1.一种用于制造可食用的软咀嚼药物载体的方法,其特征在于,所述软咀嚼药物载体由药物活性成分和非活性成分组成,其中非活性成分包括液体粘合剂和固体赋形剂的组合。
2.如权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述其制备方法如下:先分别充分混合液体粘合剂和固体赋形剂,将混匀的液体辅料加入到固体混合物中充分混合均匀得到湿颗粒,将湿颗粒在低温(优选不超过40度)不通风的条件下干燥(优选3-6小时)湿颗粒至水分在3-8%之间(优选4-6%之间),过尼龙筛或钢筛制粒,筛网目数小于80目(优选16-24目),湿颗粒既可以使用挤出机或模制机成型制剂,又可以使用压片机(合适的冲头与模具)压制适宜硬度的软咀嚼制剂,控制硬度不超过20N,包装入库。
3.如权利要求1和2所述,其特征在于所述非活性物质包括:
(a)粘合剂优化组合系统包括水、聚乙二醇、麦芽糖、羟丙甲纤维素、甘油、辛葵酸甘油酯、大豆油、卵磷脂中的至少一种或多种的组合,优选水、甘油和大豆油为液体的粘合剂组合,优选聚乙二醇为固体粘合剂,粘合剂的组分含量在30-60%,优选45-55%。固体粘合剂与固体赋形剂一起混合均匀。
(b)固体赋形剂组合包括淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、微晶纤维素、羧甲基淀粉纳、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基纤维素钙、交联聚维酮、牛肉香精、鱼肉味香精、氧化铁、核黄素、胭脂红等中的至少一种或多种的组合物,固体赋形剂组分含量在40-70%,优选45-55%。
4.如权利要求1-3所述,所述工艺制备的湿颗粒既可以使用传统的挤出机或模制机来成型制剂,又可以使用常用的压片机进行压片制备软咀嚼药物制剂,控制合适大小与硬度得到可食用的质量、质地均一的软咀嚼药物制剂,方便实现药品的工业化生产。
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