CN108849325A - A kind of sustainable cropping pattern intercutting green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a sustainable planting mode based on wheat and corn intercropping and green manure interplanting. The steps of the sustainable planting mode are: S1. Arrange wheat intercropping and corn in the spring of the year. Rows, row spacing 12cm, 3 rows of corn, row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 25cm; S2, after the wheat harvest of the year, wheat belt replanted 6 rows of arrowhead peas, row spacing 15cm, realizing wheat intercropping and corn intercropping green manure; S3, frost season of the year, green manure covering Return to the field to achieve annual coverage, water retention, and wind erosion prevention; S4. In the following year, the two crops will be replaced by rotary tillage to plant wheat and corn, so as to realize inter-belt rotation, eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacles, and balance soil nutrients. The invention utilizes resources efficiently, improves farmland productivity, is a sustainable planting mode, can change the traditional production mode, and create a new sustainable agricultural production mode.

Description

A sustainable planting model based on wheat and corn intercropping green manure

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and more specifically relates to a sustainable planting mode based on intercropping of wheat and corn interplanting green manure, efficient utilization of resources, and improvement of farmland productivity.

Background technique

In the arid inland oasis irrigation area, wheat and corn are the two main crops, and the sowing ratio is greater than 50%. Due to the serious water shortage of resources, the intercropping planting mode is used to improve the water use efficiency by increasing the output per unit area. However, the high yield of traditional intercropping stems from the high water and fertilizer supply, which leads to a decline in farmland productivity and reduces the potential for high and stable crop production. Therefore, intercropping green manure in the intercropping mode can not only reduce wind erosion but also maintain high soil water content by realizing annual coverage, which can be used for the growth and development of next crops and improve water production efficiency. Returning green manure to the field can replace some inorganic fertilizers, which is beneficial to fertilize the soil. At the same time, intercropping wheat and corn implements "inter-belt rotation", that is, corn is planted in the wheat belt, and wheat is planted in the corn belt, eliminating potential continuous cropping obstacles and balancing soil nutrients between alternate crop belts , to achieve sustainable agricultural development.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sustainable planting mode based on intercropping of wheat and corn intercropping green manure, efficient utilization of resources, and improvement of farmland productivity, which can change the traditional production mode and create a new sustainable agricultural production mode.

In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:

A sustainable planting model based on intercropping of wheat and corn intercropping green manure, efficient use of resources, and improvement of farmland productivity. The steps of the sustainable planting model are:

S1. In the spring of that year, wheat and corn were intercropped. The intercropped wheat and corn had a width of 110cm, 8 rows of wheat species with a row spacing of 12cm, and 3 rows of corn seeds with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 25cm;

S2. After the wheat was harvested in the same year, 6 rows of arrowhead peas were replanted in the wheat belt, with a row spacing of 15 cm, so as to realize intercropping of wheat and corn with green manure;

S3. In the frost season of the year, the green manure is covered and returned to the field to achieve annual coverage, water retention, and wind erosion resistance;

S4. In the following year, the two crop belts will be replaced by rotary tillage to plant wheat and corn, so as to realize inter-belt rotation, eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacles, and balance soil nutrients.

Preferably, in step S1, fertilization and soil preparation are carried out before wheat intercropping and corn sowing; spring wheat fertilization is 225 kg/hm ² of nitrogen, pure P ₂ O ₅ 113 kg/hm ² , all used as base fertilizer; corn belt fertilization is 360 kg/hm 2 of nitrogen hm ² , according to the base fertilizer: topdressing at the trumpet mouth stage: topdressing at the filling stage = 3:6:1, pure P ₂ O ₅ 180kg/hm ² , all used as base fertilizer.

Preferably, when preparing the soil, it is necessary to use rotary plowing and fine harrowing, and then use a ridge machine to ridge and complete the ridge. The bottom width of the ridge is 60 cm, the width of the ridge edge is 40 cm, and the height is 40 cm. The width is 1.1m, and the width (wheat and corn natural sowing belt) is 2.2m. Each plot is composed of 3 wheat and corn belts. Wheat is sown in the middle and late March, and corn is sown in the middle and late April.

Preferably, the sowing density of wheat is 6.75 million grains/hm ² , the sowing rate is 675-750 kg/hm ² , and the row spacing is 15 cm; the sowing density of corn is 82,500 plants/hm ² , the row spacing is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 25 cm, and the film is covered with flat crops.

Preferably, the uniform irrigation level is adopted for irrigation, and the winter storage irrigation is 1200m ³ /hm ² , during the corn seedling stage (wheat jointing stage), jointing stage (wheat booting stage), big bell mouth stage (grain filling stage), and silking stage ( Arrowhead pea sowing), initial filling stage (Arrowhead pea seedling stage), grout filling stage (Arrowhead pea budding stage), and after corn harvest (Arrowhead pea flowering stage) watering 750, 900, 750, 900, 750, 750 , 750m ³ /hm ² .

Further, in step S2, after the wheat is harvested, the wheat belt is interplanted (multi-planted) with green manure (pea pea), the pea is not fertilized, the sowing density is 1.5 million grains/hm ² (75kg/hm ² ), and 6 rows are drilled , row spacing 15cm.

Further, in step S3, during the frost period every year, the arrowhead peas are cut and mulched and returned to the field to achieve annual mulching, which not only reduces wind erosion but also maintains a high soil moisture content, which is used for the growth and development of the next crop and improves water production efficiency.

Further, in step S4, inter-belt rotation is carried out for wheat and corn in the next year, that is, corn is planted in the wheat belt, and wheat is planted in the corn belt, so as to eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacles and balance soil nutrients between alternate crop belts.

In addition, returning green manure to the field can replace some inorganic fertilizers, which is conducive to fertilizing the soil and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects that the present invention has are:

The invention provides a sustainable planting mode based on intercropping of wheat and corn intercropping green manure, efficient utilization of resources, and improvement of farmland productivity, which can change the traditional production mode and create a new sustainable agricultural production mode. The planting mode of the present invention can realize grain output of ^17000kg /hm2 and arrowhead pea fresh grass output of ^20000kg /hm2, which not only improves the stability of crop production, improves yield and resource utilization, but also improves farmers' economic income, and green manure also The field can replace some inorganic fertilizers, which is beneficial to fertilize the soil and realize sustainable agricultural development, and is suitable for popularization and use.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative work, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention Inside.

The present invention is based on the sustainable planting mode of wheat and corn intercropping green manure, efficient resource utilization, and improvement of farmland productivity, comprising the following steps:

Step 1. Intercropping wheat and corn in the spring of the current year: the intercropped wheat and corn have a width of 110 cm, 8 rows of wheat species, 12 cm in row, 3 rows of corn seed, 40 cm in row spacing, and 25 cm in plant spacing;

Step S2, after the wheat is harvested in the current year, 6 rows of arrowhead peas are replanted in the wheat belt, with a row spacing of 15 cm, so as to realize intercropping of wheat and corn with green manure;

Step S3, during the frost season of the year, the green manure is covered and returned to the field to achieve annual coverage, water retention, and wind erosion resistance;

Step S4, in the next year, the two crop belts are rotated to plant wheat and corn, so as to realize "inter-belt rotation", eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacles, and balance soil nutrients.

In the embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, fertilization and soil preparation are carried out before wheat intercropping and corn sowing; spring wheat fertilization is based on nitrogen 225kg/hm ² , pure P ₂ O ₅ 113kg/hm ² , all used as base fertilizer; corn belt fertilization is based on Nitrogen application 360kg/hm ² , according to the base fertilizer: topdressing at the big trumpet mouth stage: topdressing fertilizer at the filling stage = 3:6: ¹ , pure P ₂ O ₅ 180kg/hm2, all used as base fertilizer, rotary tillage and fine harrowing when preparing the soil, Then use the ridge machine to ridge the whole furrow, the bottom of the ridge is 60cm wide, the ridge edge is 40cm wide, and the height is 40cm. The distance between the two ridges is 6.6m, which is the width of a plot. The sowing belt) is 2.2m, and each plot is composed of 3 wheat and corn belts. Wheat is sown in the middle and late March, and corn is sown in the middle and late April. The sowing density of wheat is 6.75 million grains/hm ² , the sowing rate is 675-750 kg/hm ² , and the row spacing is ¹² cm. Irrigation system: uniform irrigation level, winter storage irrigation 1200m ³ /hm ² Pea seeding), initial filling stage (pea seedling stage), pea filling stage (pea budding stage), and after corn harvest (pea flowering stage) were watered at 750, 900, 750, 900, 750, 750, 750m ³ /hm ² .

In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, after the wheat is harvested, the wheat belt is interplanted (multi-planted) with green manure (pea pea), and the pea pea is not fertilized, and the sowing density is 1.5 million grains/hm ² (75kg/hm ² ) , drill 6 rows, row spacing 15cm.

In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, during the annual frost period, the arrowhead peas are cut and covered and returned to the field to achieve annual coverage, which not only reduces wind erosion but also maintains a high soil moisture content, which is used for the growth and development of the next crops and improves water production. benefit.

In the embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, "inter-belt rotation" is implemented for wheat and corn in the following year, that is, corn is sown in the wheat belt, and wheat is sown in the corn belt, so as to eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacles and balance the soil nutrients between alternate crop belts; Returning green manure to the field can replace some inorganic fertilizers, which is conducive to fertilizing the soil and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the N and P fertilizers used are urea (46-0-0) and diammonium phosphate (18-46-0), and the numbers are the proportions of N, P ₂ O ₅ , and K ₂ O.

The following will be described in detail in combination with specific embodiments.

Test base and materials

Test site: This study was carried out at Wuwei Test Station in 2017. The soil type is irrigation desert soil, and the soil layer is about 120cm thick. The annual average rainfall is about 156mm, and it is mainly concentrated in July-September of each year. The annual evaporation is about 2400mm, and the irrigation water resources are limited. and 2985.4°C, suitable for the development of intercropping models. Wheat and corn are the two main crops in this area, and the sowing ratio is more than 50%. Due to the serious water shortage of resources, the intercropping planting mode was adopted in the test area to improve the water use efficiency by increasing the output rate per unit area. However, the high yield of traditional intercropping stems from the high water and fertilizer supply, which leads to a decline in farmland productivity and reduces the potential for high and stable crop production.

Test material

Fertilizers for testing: N, P, K contents are 46%, 0%, 0% urea and 18%, 46%, 0% diammonium phosphate respectively.

The tested pesticide: abamectin.

Film for testing: colorless 0.008mm polyethylene film, in line with GB13735-92.

Crop varieties tested: wheat (Ningchun No. 2), corn (Xianyu 335), arrowhead pea (Sujian No. 3). Wheat and corn seeds are generally treated with coating, wheat is seed-dressed with mancozeb to prevent root rot, and corn is seed-dressed with 20mg/kg PP ₃₃₃ to reduce plant height.

Space layout:

Experimental Planting Mode and Cultivation Technical Requirements

Planting Mode:

Wheat intercropping corn: adopt 8:3 belt type: 8 rows of wheat belts; 3 rows of corn belts; the width is: wheat belts: corn belts = 110cm: 110cm; the distance between wheat belts and corn belts is 28cm. In mid-to-late March, 8 rows of wheat were sown in the previous crop corn belt, with a row spacing of 12 cm; immediately after sowing, rake the ground to prevent soil moisture loss. In the middle and late April, 3 rows of corn were drilled and drilled on the corn belt of the previous wheat rotation, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 25 cm. That is, for every 8 rows of wheat sown in that year, 3 rows of corn are sown in strips, and after the wheat is harvested in late July, 8 rows of arrowhead peas (green manure) are sown in wheat strips (multiple cropping). In the frost season (mid-November) of that year, the green manure was cut and covered. In the next year, "inter-belt rotation" will be implemented for wheat and corn, that is, corn will be planted in the wheat belt, and wheat will be planted in the corn belt.

Experimental cultivation technical requirements:

Wheat intercropping and corn can be connected to any crop stubble. After the intercropping of wheat, rotary tillage and replanting of arrowhead peas, cutting and covering in frost season, irrigation and storage of water in winter before freezing, and rotation of corn with rotary tillage in the next year, and rotation of corn with wheat. Fertilize the soil before sowing wheat intercropping corn; fertilize spring wheat according to nitrogen 225kg/hm ² , pure P ₂ O ₅ 113kg/hm ² as base fertilizer; fertilize corn strips according to nitrogen 360kg/hm ² , according to base fertilizer: big horn Topdressing at the mouth stage: topdressing at the filling stage = 3:6:1 split application, pure P ₂ O ₅ 180kg/hm ² , all used as base fertilizer, rotary tillage and fine harrowing when preparing the soil, and then use a ridging machine to ridge and complete the ridge, and the bottom of the ridge Width 60cm, ridge width 40cm, height 40cm, distance between two ridges 6.6m, that is, the width of a plot, the natural sowing bandwidth of each plot is 1.1m, and the width (wheat, corn natural sowing belt) is 2.2m, and each plot consists of 3 wheat , corn belt, sow wheat in the middle and late March, and sow corn in the middle and late April. The sowing density of wheat is 6.75 million grains/hm ² , the sowing rate is 300-375 kg/hm ² , drill sowing, and the row spacing is 12 cm; corn: the sowing density is 82,500 plants/hm ² , the row spacing is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 25 cm, and the film is covered with flat cropping. In mid-July, at the early stage of corn spider mites and aphids, 1.8% avermectin 2000 times liquid was used to spray once every 7-10 days, a total of 2-3 times. Irrigation system: uniform irrigation level, winter storage irrigation 1200m ³ /hm ² Pea seeding), initial filling stage (pea seedling stage), pea filling stage (pea budding stage), and after corn harvest (pea flowering stage) were watered at 750, 900, 750, 900, 750, 750, 750m ³ /hm ² . Wheat is harvested early at the right time, and harvested at the later stage of wax ripening, creating a suitable growth environment for inserting arrow peas. The most suitable harvesting period for corn is the late stage of wax ripening, when the bracts are whitish, and the kernels are hard and shiny, with high thousand-grain weight and good quality. After the corn is harvested, plow the corn belt in time to a depth of 20-25cm, replant the arrowhead peas in the wheat belt and cover them with no tillage after cutting. Before freezing, irrigate and store water in winter, and harrow, shove, and suppress corn to increase soil water storage.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of sustainable cropping pattern for intercutting green manure based on wheat, corn intercrop, it is characterised in that：Its sustainable planting die The step of formula is：

S1, spring current year are laid out wheat maize intercropping, and the wheat made, corn bandwidth are 110cm, 8 row of Wheat Species, line-spacing 12cm, 3 row of maize seed, line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm；

After S2, current year harvesting wheat, it is green to realize that wheat maize intercropping is intercutted by 6 Hang Jian Kuo pea of wheat belt multiple cropping, line-spacing 15cm Fertilizer；

S3, frost time current year, green manure mulching and returning realize annual mulching, water conservation, wind erosion prevention；

S4, next year two crops band rotary tillage exchange plantation wheat and corn, realize interband crop rotation, eliminate potential continuous cropping obstacle, balance soil Earth nutrient.

2. sustainable cropping pattern as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step sl, wheat maize intercropping is sowed It is preceding first to carry out fertilising site preparation；Spring wheat fertilising is by applying nitrogen 225kg/hm², pure P₂O₅ 113kg/hm², make base manure entirely；It applies corn belt Fertilizer is by applying nitrogen 360kg/hm², by base manure：Big bell mouth stage top dressing：Pustulation period top dressing=3:6:1 gives, pure P₂O₅ 180kg/ hm², make base manure entirely.

3. sustainable cropping pattern as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that：It wants rotary tillage carefully to harrow when site preparation, then uses ridging The whole furrow of machine ridging, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge are a cell-wide along the ridge spacing 6.6m of wide 40cm, high 40cm, two, and each cell is certainly So sowing bandwidth 1.1m, breadth 2.2m, every cell are made of 3 wheats, corn belts, sow wheat, in 4 months in mid or late March Last ten-days period seeding corn.

4. sustainable cropping pattern as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that：Wheat cultivation density is 6,750,000/hm², broadcast Measure 675~750kg/hm², drilling, line-spacing 15cm；Corn seeding density is 82500 plants/hm², line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 25cm cover Film is flat to be made.

5. sustainable cropping pattern as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that：It irrigates using unified irrigation mode, stores away in winter filling 1200m³/hm², in Maize at Seedling Stage, jointing stage, big bell mouth stage), the spinning phase, Early filling stage, the pustulation period, after harvest corn respectively It pours water 750,900,750,900,750,750,750m³/hm²。

6. sustainable cropping pattern as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s 2, after harvesting wheat, wheat belt It intercuts green manure Jian Kuo pea , Jian Kuo pea not apply fertilizer, thickness of sowing is 1,500,000/hm²(75kg/hm²), 6 row of drilling, line-spacing 15cm。

7. sustainable cropping pattern as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s3, annual frost period , Jian Kuo Pea cuts mulching and returning, realizes annual mulching.

8. sustainable cropping pattern as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：In step s 4, make wheat and corn between next year Interband crop rotation, i.e. wheat belt seeding corn are carried out, wheat is sowed in corn belt.