CN108823425A - A kind of difficult-treating gold mine fused-extracting enrichment Method for extracting gold - Google Patents
A kind of difficult-treating gold mine fused-extracting enrichment Method for extracting gold Download PDFInfo
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 183
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 181
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003353 gold alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PRPNWWVBZXJBKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Sb] PRPNWWVBZXJBKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052964 arsenopyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009856 non-ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 1
- KAPYVWKEUSXLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sb].[Au] Chemical compound [Sb].[Au] KAPYVWKEUSXLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052952 pyrrhotite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052569 sulfide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical group [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001926 trapping method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
一种难处理金矿熔融萃取富集提金的方法，将难处理金矿、锑烟灰和熔剂混合后通入富氧空气氧化熔炼，使金高温熔炼萃取进入富金铁锍，待熔炼渣和富金铁锍澄清分离后，向高温富金铁锍熔体中加入特性金属，在特性金属熔化沉降过程实现富金铁锍中金的熔融反萃，使富金铁锍中的金转移到富金合金中，富金合金在高温真空条件使特性金属挥发除去，最终使金深度富集在底合金中，底合金通过湿法分离提纯金。本发明不仅避免了传统吹炼方法的金分散损失，而且工艺流程短，金回收率高达99.0%以上，操作简单，生产成本低。
A method for melting, extracting, enriching and extracting gold from refractory gold ores. After mixing refractory gold ores, antimony soot and flux, they are fed into oxygen-enriched air for oxidative smelting, so that gold is smelted and extracted at high temperature into gold-rich iron matte, and the slag to be smelted and After clarification and separation of the gold-rich iron matte, characteristic metals are added to the high-temperature gold-rich iron matte melt, and the gold in the gold-rich iron matte is melted and back-extracted during the melting and sedimentation process of the characteristic metal, so that the gold in the gold-rich iron matte is transferred to the rich gold-rich iron matte. In the gold alloy, the gold-rich alloy volatilizes and removes the characteristic metal under high temperature and vacuum conditions, and finally enriches the gold deeply in the base alloy, and the base alloy is separated and purified by wet method. The invention not only avoids the gold dispersion loss in the traditional blowing method, but also has a short process flow, a gold recovery rate of over 99.0%, simple operation and low production cost.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及有色冶金领域中黄金冶金过程，特别是难处理金矿熔融萃取富集提金的火法冶金方法。The invention relates to a gold metallurgical process in the field of nonferrous metallurgy, in particular to a pyrometallurgical method for melting, extracting, enriching and extracting gold from refractory gold ores.
背景技术Background technique
黄金是稀缺的战略性金属，广泛应用于黄金饰品、货币储备和高科技产业。2012年我国的黄金产量为362吨，大约1/3以上产自难处理金矿，随着优质资源的日益消耗，这一比例仍在不断增加。难处理金矿，又称难浸金矿或顽固金矿，它是指即使经过细磨金的氰化浸出率仍然低于80%的矿石，主要有微粒包裹金矿、含铜金矿、含锑金矿、含碳金矿和含碲金矿等。含砷的难处理金矿则又是难处理金矿中最难处理的且贮量最大的，其开发利用是世界性难题。这主要是因为细粒金或次显微金呈包裹或浸染状存在于黄铁矿、毒砂和磁黄铁矿等硫化矿中, 甚至金以超显微金状态进入这些矿物的晶格，即使将矿石磨得很细，也不能使金解离，金的氰化浸出率通常小于50%。因此，必须先对矿石进行预处理以分离有关金属或消除影响金浸出的因素，使其中的金能被氰化法提取。Gold is a rare strategic metal widely used in gold jewelry, currency reserves and high-tech industries. In 2012, my country's gold output was 362 tons, about one-third of which came from refractory gold mines. With the increasing consumption of high-quality resources, this proportion is still increasing. Refractory gold ore, also known as refractory gold ore or stubborn gold ore, refers to the ore whose cyanide leaching rate of gold is still lower than 80% even after fine grinding, mainly including particle-coated gold ore, copper-containing gold ore, and gold-containing ore. Antimony-gold ore, carbon-bearing gold ore and tellurium-bearing gold ore, etc. The arsenic-containing refractory gold ore is the most difficult to treat and has the largest reserves in the refractory gold ore, and its development and utilization is a worldwide problem. This is mainly because fine-grained gold or submicroscopic gold exists in sulfide minerals such as pyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite in the form of wrapping or dissemination, and even gold enters the crystal lattice of these minerals in the state of ultramicroscopic gold. Even if the ore is ground very finely, gold cannot be dissociated, and the cyanide leaching rate of gold is usually less than 50%. Therefore, the ore must be pretreated to separate the relevant metals or eliminate the factors affecting gold leaching, so that the gold can be extracted by cyanidation.
有关难处理金矿的预处理方法的研究很多，但目前在工业上应用最广泛的是两段焙烧法、加压氧化法和细菌氧化法（杨天足.贵金属冶金及产品深加工.中南大学出版社,2005年）。两段焙烧方法则是将含砷难处理金矿在两段沸腾炉中焙烧，使砷和硫被氧化形成As2O3和SO2挥发，生成多孔的焙砂。该方法具有工艺简单和处理成本低的优点，得到了广泛应用，金的浸出率为75-92%，氰化尾渣中金的含量为4.0-20.0g/t，但是焙烧过程的Fe2O3二次包裹现象导致金浸出率变化较大(申开榜. 谈谈两段焙烧法预处理高硫砷难浸金精矿.云南化工, 2007, 34(5): 26-29.)。加压氧化法是指在高温高压酸性并存在氧气的情况下，黄铁矿和毒砂被氧化分解，使被包裹的金暴露。该方法具有处理时间短、金浸出率高和对有害金属敏感性低等优点，金的浸出率高达95-97%，氰化尾渣中金的含量为1.5-2.0g/t。但是存在投资大、银回收率低和处理成本高的缺点(邱廷省,聂光华,张强. 难处理含铜金矿石预处理与浸出技术现状及进展.黄金, 2005, 26(8): 30-34.)。细菌氧化法是指在细菌作用下氧化黄铁矿和毒砂，使包裹金充分暴露。细菌氧化法具有工艺简单的优点，金的浸出率为92-95%，氰化尾渣中金的含量为2.0-5.0g/t，但是存在氧化周期长和环保成本高等缺点。There are many studies on the pretreatment methods of refractory gold ores, but the most widely used in industry are two-stage roasting method, pressurized oxidation method and bacterial oxidation method (Yang Tianzu. Precious metal metallurgy and product deep processing. Central South University Press, 2005). The two-stage roasting method is to roast arsenic-containing refractory gold ore in a two-stage fluidized fluidized furnace to oxidize arsenic and sulfur to form As 2 O 3 and SO 2 to volatilize, forming porous calcined sand. This method has the advantages of simple process and low treatment cost, and has been widely used. The gold leaching rate is 75-92%, and the gold content in the cyanidation tailings is 4.0-20.0g/t, but the Fe 2 O 3 The secondary wrapping phenomenon leads to a large change in gold leaching rate (Shen Kaibang. Talk about the pretreatment of high-sulfur arsenic refractory gold concentrate by two-stage roasting method. Yunnan Chemical Industry, 2007, 34(5): 26-29.). The pressurized oxidation method refers to the oxidative decomposition of pyrite and arsenopyrite under the condition of high temperature, high pressure, acidity and presence of oxygen, exposing the wrapped gold. This method has the advantages of short treatment time, high gold leaching rate and low sensitivity to harmful metals. The gold leaching rate is as high as 95-97%, and the gold content in the cyanide tailings is 1.5-2.0g/t. However, there are disadvantages of large investment, low silver recovery rate and high processing cost (Qiu Tingxing, Nie Guanghua, Zhang Qiang. Current status and progress of pretreatment and leaching technology for refractory copper-bearing gold ores. Gold, 2005, 26(8): 30 -34.). The bacterial oxidation method refers to the oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite under the action of bacteria to fully expose the wrapped gold. The bacterial oxidation method has the advantages of simple process, the gold leaching rate is 92-95%, and the gold content in the cyanidation tailings is 2.0-5.0g/t, but it has the disadvantages of long oxidation cycle and high environmental protection cost.
在铜、镍和铅等重金属的火法熔炼过程中，精矿中微量的金和银等贵金属会被捕集在铜锍或金属相中，最终从相应的阳极泥中提取贵金属，说明铜锍或金属可以作为贵金属的捕集剂。冶金工作者一直尝试利用重金属火法熔炼系统实现从难处理金矿中捕集金的目的。In the pyro-smelting process of heavy metals such as copper, nickel and lead, trace amounts of precious metals such as gold and silver in the concentrate will be trapped in the copper matte or metal phase, and finally the precious metals will be extracted from the corresponding anode slime, indicating that copper matte Or metals can be used as collectors for noble metals. Metallurgists have been trying to use the heavy metal pyro-smelting system to capture gold from refractory gold ores.
专利ZL200910020494.9提出将高砷金矿焙砂配入铜冶炼系统处理（崔志祥等.富氧底吹熔池铜的理论与实践, 中国有色冶金, 2010,12(6):21~26. 王信恩等.高砷复杂金精矿多元素的提取方法,ZL200910020494.9, 授权日:2011-08-11.），即高砷金精矿经过两段焙烧脱除砷和硫后，焙砂与铜精矿加入富氧底吹炉中造锍熔炼使金进入铜锍，铜锍经过吹炼、火法精炼和电解精炼后产出阴极铜，最后从铜电解精炼的阳极泥中回收金和银。该造锍捕金方法是虽然可以有效回收高砷金精矿焙砂中的金，但由于焙砂中氧化铁和二氧化硅的含量都较高，难以实现其作为铜冶炼熔剂的作用，这就要求扩大铜冶炼的规模以缓解其不利影响。Patent ZL200910020494.9 proposes to mix high-arsenic gold ore calcine into copper smelting system for treatment (Cui Zhixiang et al. Theory and practice of oxygen-enriched bottom-blown molten pool copper, China Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2010,12(6):21~26. Wang Xinen etc. Extraction method of multi-elements of high-arsenic complex gold concentrate, ZL200910020494.9, date of authorization: 2011-08-11.), that is, after the high-arsenic gold concentrate is roasted in two stages to remove arsenic and sulfur, the calcine and copper The concentrate is added to the oxygen-enriched bottom-blown furnace to make matte and smelt to make the gold into the copper matte. After the copper matte is blown, pyro-refined and electrolytic refined, cathode copper is produced. Finally, gold and silver are recovered from the anode slime of copper electrolytic refining. Although this matte-making gold trapping method can effectively recover the gold in the high-arsenic gold concentrate calcine, it is difficult to realize its role as a copper smelting flux due to the high content of iron oxide and silicon dioxide in the calcine. It is required to expand the scale of copper smelting to alleviate its adverse effects.
专利201410532819.2提出将难处理金矿与含铅废渣还原固硫熔炼方法处理（刘维等.基于难处理金矿与含铅废渣原料还原固硫熔池熔炼回收铅和金的方法.ZL201410532819.2,授权日:2016-11-02.），即将难处理金矿、含铅物料和含铁固硫剂混合制粒，粒料和碳还原剂在氧气底吹炉中熔炼，最终从粗铅中回收金。该方法在熔炼过程同时产出熔炼渣、铁锍和粗铅三种，不仅澄清分离难度大，而且对含铅废渣需求量大，还容易导致金的分散损失。Patent 201410532819.2 proposes to process refractory gold ore and lead-containing waste slag by reducing sulfur-fixing smelting method (Liu Wei et al. A method for recovering lead and gold based on refractory gold ore and lead-containing waste slag raw material reduction and sulfur-fixing molten pool smelting. ZL201410532819.2, Authorization date: 2016-11-02.), that is, refractory gold ore, lead-containing materials and iron-containing sulfur-fixing agent are mixed and granulated, and the pellets and carbon reducing agent are smelted in an oxygen bottom-blown furnace, and finally recovered from crude lead gold. This method produces three kinds of smelting slag, iron matte and crude lead at the same time during the smelting process. It is not only difficult to clarify and separate, but also requires a large amount of lead-containing waste slag, and it is easy to cause the dispersion loss of gold.
专利ZL201310181632.3提出将含砷锑难处理金矿采用熔池熔炼方法处理（杨天足等.一种含锑砷难处理金矿直接熔炼富集金的方法, ZL201310181632.8, 授权日: 2014-04-30.），即难处理金矿直接熔炼将金富集进入锑铁锍相，锑铁锍再吹炼进一步使金富集在贵铁锍中，最终实现金的有效富集。但是锑铁锍吹炼使金分散在吹炼渣和烟尘中，不利于金的富集回收。Patent ZL201310181632.3 proposes to process the refractory gold ore containing arsenic and antimony by melting pool smelting method (Yang Tianzu et al. A method of direct smelting and enriching gold from refractory gold ore containing antimony and arsenic, ZL201310181632.8, date of authorization: 2014-04 -30.), that is, refractory gold ore is directly smelted to enrich gold into the antimony-iron matte phase, and the antimony-iron matte is further smelted to further enrich the gold in the precious iron matte, and finally realize the effective enrichment of gold. However, the conversion of antimony-iron matte causes gold to disperse in the conversion slag and dust, which is not conducive to the enrichment and recovery of gold.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服难处理金矿传统处理方法的不足，本发明提供一种难处理金矿熔融萃取反萃富集提金，且金回收率高、流程短和成本低的火法冶金方法。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional treatment methods for refractory gold ores, the present invention provides a pyrometallurgical method for refractory gold ore melting, extraction, back-extraction, enrichment, gold recovery, high gold recovery rate, short process and low cost.
为达到上述目的本发明采用的技术方案是：将难处理金矿、锑烟灰和熔剂混合后通入富氧空气氧化熔炼，使金高温熔炼萃取进入富金铁锍，待熔炼渣和富金铁锍澄清分离后，向高温富金铁锍熔体中加入特性金属，在特性金属熔化沉降过程实现富金铁锍中金的熔融反萃，使富金铁锍中的金转移到富金合金中，贫金铁锍返回熔炼萃取过程，富金合金在高温真空条件使特性金属挥发除去，最终使金深度富集在底合金中，底合金通过湿法分离提纯金。本发明的实质是首先利用难处理金矿熔炼过程使金萃取初步富集于富金铁锍；其次是用特性金属从富金铁锍中熔融反萃使金再次富集于富金合金；最后是富金合金采用真空挥发使金深度富集于底合金中，这三个过程紧密关联，共同作用实现了难处理金矿熔融萃取提取金的目的。In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: after mixing the refractory gold ore, antimony soot and flux, pass it into oxygen-enriched air for oxidative smelting, so that the high-temperature smelting and extraction of gold enters the gold-rich iron matte, and the slag to be smelted and the gold-rich iron After the clarification and separation of the matte, the characteristic metal is added to the high-temperature gold-rich iron matte melt, and the gold in the gold-rich iron matte is melted and stripped during the melting and sedimentation process of the characteristic metal, so that the gold in the gold-rich iron matte is transferred to the gold-rich alloy , The gold-poor iron matte returns to the smelting and extraction process, and the gold-rich alloy volatilizes and removes the characteristic metals under high temperature and vacuum conditions, and finally enriches the gold deeply in the base alloy, and the base alloy is purified by wet separation. The essence of the present invention is firstly to use the refractory gold ore smelting process to make the gold extraction preliminarily enriched in the gold-rich iron matte; secondly, to melt and back-extract the gold from the gold-rich iron matte with characteristic metals to enrich the gold in the gold-rich alloy again; finally It is the gold-rich alloy that uses vacuum volatilization to enrich gold deeply in the base alloy. These three processes are closely related and work together to achieve the purpose of melting and extracting gold from refractory gold ores.
具体的工艺过程和参数如下：The specific process and parameters are as follows:
1熔炼萃取1 smelting extraction
难处理金矿高温熔炼萃取使金初步富集于富金铁锍中；难处理金矿、锑烟灰和熔剂混合，控制混合物料中锑和砷的质量百分含量分别为1.0-5.0%和1.0-15.0%，混合物料中FeO/SiO2的质量比维持在1.4/1，混合物料中CaO/SiO2的质量比为0.45，将混合物料升温至1150-1250℃，然后通入浓度为65-80%的富氧空气进行氧化熔炼，保持反应时间1.0-3.0h以使熔炼渣和富金铁锍澄清分离，富金铁锍用于后续熔融反萃过程，熔炼烟尘后返回熔炼过程，熔炼渣选矿处理。High-temperature smelting and extraction of refractory gold ores makes gold initially enriched in gold-rich iron matte; refractory gold ores, antimony soot and flux are mixed, and the mass percentages of antimony and arsenic in the mixed materials are controlled to be 1.0-5.0% and 1.0% respectively -15.0%, the mass ratio of FeO/SiO 2 in the mixed material is maintained at 1.4/1, the mass ratio of CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed material is 0.45, the temperature of the mixed material is raised to 1150-1250 ° C, and then the concentration of 65- 80% oxygen-enriched air is used for oxidative smelting, and the reaction time is kept for 1.0-3.0 hours to clarify and separate the smelting slag and gold-rich iron matte. The gold-rich iron matte is used for the subsequent melting and stripping process. Mineral processing.
2 熔融反萃2 Melt stripping
富金铁锍用特性金属熔融反萃使金再次富集于富金合金中；富金铁锍首先在温度1050～1250℃下熔化，然后加入富金铁锍重量比10-80%的特性金属，保持温度继续反应0.5～2.0h，两相澄清后富金合金沉淀于贫金铁锍底部，富金合金用于后续真空挥发，贫金铁锍返回熔炼萃取。The gold-rich iron matte is melted and back-extracted with characteristic metals to enrich gold in the gold-rich alloy again; the gold-rich iron matte is first melted at a temperature of 1050-1250°C, and then the characteristic metal with a weight ratio of 10-80% of the gold-rich iron matte is added , keep the temperature and continue the reaction for 0.5-2.0h. After the two phases are clarified, the gold-rich alloy precipitates at the bottom of the gold-poor iron matte. The gold-rich alloy is used for subsequent vacuum volatilization, and the gold-poor iron matte returns to smelting and extraction.
3 真空挥发3 Vacuum evaporation
富金合金真空挥发使金深度富集于底合金中；保持富金合金熔体温度为400-800℃，然后加入到真空炉中真空挥发，控制真空炉温度为900-950℃和真空度为2-10pa，真空挥发时间1.0-24.0h，当底合金中金含量达到1.0-10.0%时放料，特性金属冷却后返回熔融反萃过程，底合金经过湿法分离提纯金。Vacuum volatilization of gold-rich alloy makes gold deeply enriched in the base alloy; keep the temperature of the gold-rich alloy melt at 400-800°C, and then add it to the vacuum furnace for vacuum volatilization, control the temperature of the vacuum furnace to 900-950°C and the vacuum degree to 2-10pa, vacuum volatilization time 1.0-24.0h, discharge when the gold content in the base alloy reaches 1.0-10.0%, the characteristic metal returns to the melting stripping process after cooling, and the base alloy undergoes wet separation to purify gold.
本发明所述的难处理金矿主要成分质量百分含量为：Fe15.0-35.0%、SiO215.0-35.0、S15.0-35.0和Au1.0～500.0g/t。The main components of the refractory gold ore in the present invention are: Fe15.0-35.0%, SiO2 15.0-35.0, S15.0-35.0 and Au1.0-500.0g/t.
本发明所述的锑烟灰主要成分质量百分含量为：Sb20.0-65.0%和As1.0-30.0%。The main components of antimony soot in the present invention are: Sb20.0-65.0% and As1.0-30.0%.
本发明所述的铁矿石中FeO质量百分含量不小于50.0%，石灰石中CaO质量百分含量不小于45.0%。According to the present invention, the FeO mass percentage content in the iron ore is not less than 50.0%, and the CaO mass percentage content in the limestone is not less than 45.0%.
本发明所述的特性金属为锑锭或铋锭中的一种或两种，它们均为工业级。The characteristic metals described in the present invention are one or both of antimony ingots and bismuth ingots, all of which are of industrial grade.
本发明与难处理金矿传统处理方法比较，有以下优点：1、首先利用难处理金矿熔炼过程使金萃取初步富集于富金铁锍，金在富金铁锍中的回收率达到98.0%以上；2、用特性金属从富金铁锍中熔融反萃使金再次富集于富金合金不仅避免了传统吹炼方法的金分散损失，而且具有工艺流程短和金回收率高的优点，金回收率高达99.0%以上；3、富金合金采用真空挥发使金深度富集于底合金中，挥发产物可以返回熔融萃取使用，金富集比高；4、本发明具有金回收率高、流程短和成本低的优点。Compared with the traditional processing method of refractory gold ore, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Firstly, the gold extraction is initially enriched in the gold-rich iron matte through the smelting process of the refractory gold ore, and the recovery rate of gold in the gold-rich iron matte reaches 98.0% % or more; 2. Using special metals to melt and extract gold from gold-rich iron matte to re-enrich gold in gold-rich alloys not only avoids the gold dispersion loss of traditional blowing methods, but also has the advantages of short process flow and high gold recovery rate , the gold recovery rate is as high as 99.0% or more; 3. The gold-rich alloy adopts vacuum volatilization to enrich the gold in the bottom alloy, and the volatile product can be returned to the melting extraction for use, and the gold enrichment ratio is high; 4. The present invention has a high gold recovery rate , short process and low cost advantages.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1：本发明工艺流程示意图。Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
本发明所述的难处理金矿主要成分质量百分含量为：Fe28.89%、SiO231.53%、S27.52%和Au42.0g/t；锑烟灰主要成分质量百分含量为：Sb59.64%和As3.78%，铁矿石中FeO的质量百分含量58.44%，石灰石中CaO的质量百分含量48.5%，工业级锑锭（Sb≥99.50%）。The main components of the refractory gold ore according to the present invention are: Fe28.89%, SiO2 31.53%, S27.52% and Au42.0g/t; the main components of antimony soot are: Sb59. 64% and As3.78%, the mass percentage of FeO in iron ore is 58.44%, the mass percentage of CaO in limestone is 48.5%, and industrial grade antimony ingot (Sb≥99.50%).
难处理金矿、锑烟灰和熔剂混合，控制混合物料中锑和砷的质量百分含量分别为3.2%和8.5%，FeO/SiO2的质量比为1.4/1，CaO/SiO2的质量比为0.45，将混合物料升温至1200℃，然后通入浓度为70%的富氧空气进行氧化熔炼，保持反应时间1.0h，富金铁锍中金含量为208g/t.Refractory gold ore, antimony soot and flux are mixed, and the mass percentages of antimony and arsenic in the mixed material are controlled to be 3.2% and 8.5% respectively, the mass ratio of FeO/SiO 2 is 1.4/1, and the mass ratio of CaO/SiO 2 0.45, the temperature of the mixed material was raised to 1200°C, and then the oxygen-enriched air with a concentration of 70% was introduced for oxidative smelting, and the reaction time was kept for 1.0h. The gold content in the gold-rich iron matte was 208g/t.
保持富金铁锍温度在1100℃熔化，然后加入富金铁锍重量比40%的锑锭，保持温度继续反应1.0h，两相澄清后富金合金沉淀于贫金铁锍底部，富金合金中金含量为514g/t。保持富金合金熔体温度为700℃，然后加入到真空炉中真空挥发，控制真空炉温度为950℃和真空度为3.0pa，真空挥发时间18.0h，当底合金中金含量达到2.5%时放料，底合金经过湿法分离提纯金。Keep the gold-rich iron matte melting at 1100°C, then add antimony ingots with a weight ratio of 40% gold-rich iron matte, keep the temperature and continue to react for 1.0h. After the two phases are clarified, the gold-rich alloy precipitates at the bottom of the gold-poor iron matte, and the gold-rich alloy The gold content is 514g/t. Keep the gold-rich alloy melt temperature at 700°C, then add it to a vacuum furnace for vacuum volatilization, control the vacuum furnace temperature at 950°C and vacuum degree at 3.0pa, and vacuum volatilization time for 18.0h, when the gold content in the base alloy reaches 2.5% Unloading, the bottom alloy undergoes wet separation and purification of gold.
实施例2：Example 2:
本发明所述的难处理金矿主要成分质量百分含量为：Fe28.89%、SiO231.53%、S276.52%和Au42.0g/t；锑烟灰主要成分质量百分含量为：Sb59.64%和As3.78%，铁矿石中FeO的质量百分含量58.44%，石灰石中CaO的质量百分含量48.5%，工业级铋锭（Bi≥99.99%）。The main components of the refractory gold ore according to the present invention are: Fe28.89%, SiO2 31.53%, S276.52% and Au42.0g/t; the main components of antimony soot are: Sb59. 64% and As3.78%, the mass percentage of FeO in iron ore is 58.44%, the mass percentage of CaO in limestone is 48.5%, and industrial grade bismuth ingots (Bi≥99.99%).
难处理金矿、锑烟灰和熔剂混合，控制混合物料中锑和砷的质量百分含量分别为3.2%和8.5%，FeO/SiO2的质量比为1.4/1，CaO/SiO2的质量比为0.45，将混合物料升温至1200℃，然后通入浓度为70%的富氧空气进行氧化熔炼，保持反应时间1.0h，富金铁锍中金含量为208g/t.Refractory gold ore, antimony soot and flux are mixed, and the mass percentages of antimony and arsenic in the mixed material are controlled to be 3.2% and 8.5% respectively, the mass ratio of FeO/SiO 2 is 1.4/1, and the mass ratio of CaO/SiO 2 0.45, the temperature of the mixed material was raised to 1200°C, and then the oxygen-enriched air with a concentration of 70% was introduced for oxidative smelting, and the reaction time was kept for 1.0h. The gold content in the gold-rich iron matte was 208g/t.
富金铁锍首先在温度1100℃下熔化，然后加入富金铁锍重量比20%的铋锭，保持温度继续反应1.0，两相澄清后富金合金沉淀于贫金铁锍底部，富金合金中金的含量为1023g/t。保持富金合金熔体温度为520℃，然后加入到真空炉中真空挥发，控制真空炉温度为950℃和真空度为3.0pa，真空挥发时间18.0h，当底合金中金含量达到5.10%时放料，底合金经过湿法分离提纯金。The gold-rich iron matte is first melted at a temperature of 1100°C, and then a bismuth ingot with a weight ratio of 20% of the gold-rich iron matte is added, and the temperature is kept at 1.0. The gold content is 1023g/t. Keep the gold-rich alloy melt temperature at 520°C, then put it into a vacuum furnace for vacuum volatilization, control the temperature of the vacuum furnace to 950°C and the vacuum degree to 3.0pa, and the vacuum volatilization time is 18.0h, when the gold content in the base alloy reaches 5.10% Unloading, the bottom alloy undergoes wet separation and purification of gold.
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