CN108707469B

CN108707469B - Thermal cracking oil production system based on brick kiln

Info

Publication number: CN108707469B
Application number: CN201810814289.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 练其辉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-07-23
Filing date: 2018-07-23
Publication date: 2021-02-02
Anticipated expiration: 2038-07-23
Also published as: CN108707469A

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy recycling, and specifically relates to a thermal cracking oil production system based on a brick kiln, including a brick kiln and an oil production system. The brick kiln should have a suitable temperature zone suitable for the oil production system, and the oil production system is arranged in the suitable temperature zone. The raw material of the oil production system is waste organic matter, and the organic matter absorbs heat in the suitable temperature zone to undergo thermal cracking to produce oil vapor. After the raw material is thermally cracked, residual carbon remains, and the residual carbon is collected in a designated area for use as fuel. The beneficial effect is that the characteristics of the waste heat of the tunnel kiln are utilized, and the waste garbage is used as a raw material to undergo cracking at high temperature to produce non-condensable gas and non-standard oil that can be used as fuel, and the solid residual carbon can also be used as fuel.

Description

Thermal cracking oil production system based on brick kiln

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy recycling, and particularly relates to a thermal cracking oil production system based on a brick kiln.

Background

In modern society, various plastic products are widely used, and the use amount is large, the dispersion is realized, the use period is short, so that a large amount of plastic product waste is caused, the resource is seriously wasted, and finally the environment is damaged. Therefore, the method has important practical significance for recycling the waste garbage. In the recycling of waste garbage, the waste garbage is classified into inorganic metals or organic polymer materials, such as plastics, fibers, food waste and the like, generally, the thermal cracking temperature is about 500 ℃, the thermal cracking temperature is generally not high, the thermal cracking temperature can be realized only in a laboratory or a place with a furnace, and waste materials generated after the thermal cracking are difficult to treat.

The waste heat refers to heat energy released in the production process and capable of being utilized, mainly comprises high-temperature waste gas and the like, and the waste heat utilization can generate steam through a waste heat boiler to push a steam turbine to do mechanical work or generate electricity and can also be used for heating or producing hot water; according to the source, the industrial waste heat can be divided into flue gas waste heat, cooling medium waste heat, waste steam waste water waste heat, chemical reaction heat, high-temperature product and slag waste heat, combustible waste gas and waste material waste heat. The ambient temperature is perceived to be significantly higher in the brickkiln zone even in the vicinity of the kiln zone, however, more than 50% of the heat in the brickkiln zone is dissipated to the ambient environment in the form of heat energy, which is a huge waste, however, the dissipation of the temperature is difficult to control, and more things can be done by effectively utilizing the temperature of the brickkiln during the dissipation of the heat.

Disclosure of Invention

Through long-time waste and garbage treatment and continuous summary experience, the applicant discovers that the cracking temperature of organic matters is lower than that of a brick kiln area, and meanwhile, the temperature of the brick kiln area is gradually decreased towards the periphery, namely, the periphery of a kiln storage area can meet the optimal generation temperature of thermal cracking.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: thermal cracking oil production system based on brickkiln, including brickkiln and oil production system, the brickkiln should have a suitable warm area of a section of suitable oil production system, the oil production system is arranged in the suitable warm area, the raw material of the oil production system is waste organic matter, the organic matter absorbs heat in the suitable warm area and the thermal cracking produces oil vapor, the raw material still remains residual charcoal after the thermal cracking, the residual charcoal is collected to the appointed area to be used as fuel.

The brick kiln is used as a heat source, a proper space is required to be arranged in space, for example, a tunnel kiln is provided with a similar tubular space for wrapping a heating area around the heating area of a firing line of the tunnel kiln, the wrapping space has a temperature suitable for cracking organic matters, and the annular kiln is also provided with a wrapping space.

The thermal cracking process is an organic high polymer material, the cracking process is complex after heating, generally, more products are generated, the heating rate is high according to a general rule, the particle size of the material is suitable, the higher the thermal cracking degree is, the cracking products comprise water and products of complete oxidation of carbon dioxide, combustible noncondensable gases such as methane, carbon monoxide and the like, oil steam is also generated, the oil steam comprises non-standard oil and combustible kerosene steam, various components of the oil steam can be fractionated to obtain various components and then stored, carbon which can not be cracked again can be remained after the thermal cracking process is completed, the carbon is commonly called residual carbon, the residual carbon also has a high heat value and can be stored as fuel, and the residual carbon can also be used as fuel of a brick kiln and can be sent to a heating area to ensure that the brick kiln does not need to be externally added with fuel.

The preparation system comprises a drying layer, an oil production layer and a carbonization layer, wherein the drying layer, the oil production layer and the carbonization layer are arranged above a kiln area, the drying layer is arranged at the top, the oil production layer is arranged in the middle, the carbonization layer is arranged at the bottom, and heat insulation layers are arranged among the drying layer, the oil production layer and the carbonization layer; considering that the tunnel kiln is provided with a tubular proper temperature area at the periphery of the tunnel kiln in the combustion process, but the proper temperature area has a wider thickness above the kiln area after testing, enough space is left for an oil production system, the oil production system is divided into different areas, a drying layer is the layer farthest from the kiln area, the drying layer aims to remove water and gas in raw materials, the specific heat capacity of water is large, if water and gas remain in the raw materials, the temperature rising rate of the raw materials in the transition from the drying layer to the oil production layer is influenced, the oil yield is reduced, alcohol substances in products are influenced by the participation of water, although the raw materials can be used as fuel, the purity of oil is influenced, the size of raw material particles is controlled well before the oil production process and cannot be too large, meanwhile, the water and gas contained in the materials are reduced for a sufficient time to be completely dried, and the materials are dried by the heat transferred by the oil production layer in the drying layer, the drying process is at least not less than 40min, the temperature of the drying layer is controlled at 220 ℃ of 100-; preferably, the drying tube is provided with a dehumidifier at the feeding end, the dehumidifier continuously pumps out moisture in the tube during operation, in the process, the moisture is pumped out along the threads, the direction of air flow is opposite to the propelling direction of the first spiral propelling screw, the moisture is continuously pumped out, and the raw materials are completely dried and have no moisture at the discharging end of the drying tube; preferably, a necking section is additionally arranged at the tail end of the drying pipe, raw materials are dispersed in the drying pipe and are convenient for air circulation and dehumidification of a dehumidifier, but materials are compressed when the drying pipe reaches the necking section, the drying pipe and an oil making layer are separated, oil steam generated by the oil making layer cannot enter the drying pipe through the necking section, the drying pipe is in a low-pressure state under the working condition of the dehumidifier, oil gas of the oil making layer is more easily sucked into the drying layer, oil gas waste and pollution are caused, meanwhile, the raw materials in the necking section play a certain heat insulation effect, the temperature of the oil making layer is prevented from being rapidly diffused to the drying section, the heating rate of cracking of the raw materials can be reduced, the caliber of the necking section is designed at a feeding speed which is higher than that of a feeding port, the raw materials are compacted when the necking section is needed, and heat is prevented from being not ventilated; preferably, with the drying tube under the dashpot, the dashpot communicates with the drying tube, and the dashpot can store the raw materials from first screw propulsion screw propelling movement, and the dashpot considers the inhomogeneous possibility of the raw materials feeding of feeding section for the raw materials walks more evenly in the drying tube.

An oil production pipe is arranged in the oil production layer, one end of the oil production pipe is connected with the discharge end of the drying pipe, a second spiral propelling screw rod is arranged in the oil production pipe, exhaust pipes are arranged on the oil production pipe at equal intervals, the exhaust pipes are externally connected with an absorption tower, the temperature of the oil production layer is controlled at 600 ℃, the raw material is subjected to thermal cracking on the oil production layer through heat transferred in a carbonization layer during the duration time of the raw material in the oil production layer, the exhaust pipes are arranged on the oil production pipe at equal intervals, and the exhaust is carried out for 30-40 min; the tube discharges oil steam generated by thermal cracking, and because the thermal cracking temperature is higher, the aliphatic hydrocarbon generated by the oil steam can pass through the absorption tower and then is respectively collected by the fractionating tower, the noncondensable gas in the oil steam is extracted to be used as fuel gas, and different components are respectively collected according to different distillation ranges; it should be noted that the end of the oil production pipe is also provided with a necking section, the function in the necking section is similar to that of the drying pipe, the necking section arranged at the end of the oil production pipe isolates hot gas from a carbonization layer and residual carbon which may be raised, and the difference from the necking section of the drying pipe is that the necking section of the oil production pipe is smaller, and because a part of raw materials in the oil production tank are cracked to generate oil vapor, the quality is reduced, and the necking section is smaller so as to completely isolate the possibility of ventilation of the oil production layer and the carbonization layer.

A carbonization pipe is arranged in the carbonization layer of the carbonization layer, one end of the carbonization pipe is connected with the discharge end of the oil pipe, a third spiral propelling screw rod is arranged in the carbonization pipe, the temperature of the carbonization layer is above 600 ℃, and the discharge end of the carbonization pipe is provided with a compaction section;

the discharge ends of the drying pipe and the oil production pipe are provided with necking sections; the residual carbon has certain plasticity at high temperature of the carbonization layer, so that the compactness of the compaction process of the carbonization section is convenient, the residual carbon becomes a block shape which is convenient to store after the compaction of the compaction section, and the residual carbon can also be directly put into a heating area of the tunnel kiln to be used as fuel.

This patent thermal cracking system oil system based on brickkiln advantage lies in: 1. the characteristic of the residual heat of the tunnel kiln is utilized, the waste garbage is used as a raw material to be cracked at high temperature to generate non-condensable gas and non-standard oil which can be used as fuel, and the solid residual carbon can also be used as fuel. 2. The problem of heating zone fuel of the tunnel kiln is basically solved after the oil production system is adopted, residual carbon which can not be changed into oil gas is directly used as tunnel kiln zone fuel to provide heat energy for the kiln zone, and meanwhile, the heat energy is fed back to the oil production system to enable the whole system to be continuously in a working circulation state, and the utilization efficiency of the energy can reach more than 70%. 3. The oil preparation system is clean and environment-friendly, and does not generate any secondary garbage or harmful gas.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a tunnel kiln.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an oil production system on a tunnel kiln.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the thermal insulation layer.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a front wheel drive mechanism according to an embodiment.

Description of reference numerals: 1 feeding inlet, 2 drying tube, 3 buffer tank, 4 first screw propulsion screw, 5 partition board, 6 heat conduction window, 7 necking section, 8 oil making tube, 9 second screw propulsion screw, 10 heat insulation fire-proof concrete, 11 speed reducing motor, 12 speed reducing motor, 13 necking section, 14 partition board, 15 heat conduction window, 16 ventilation pipeline, 17 speed reducing motor, 18 charring tube, 19 reinforcing block, 20 long tubule, 21 fire-proof wall, 22 main wind hole, 23 auxiliary wind hole, 24 breaker, 25 sliding tube, 26 kiln car track, 27 kiln car track, 28 storage bin, 30 push rod, 31 main push rod, 32 main push rod, 33 main push rod, 34 temperature test point, 35 temperature test point, 36 temperature test point, 37 temperature test point, 41 fan, 42 switching track, 43 kiln car, 44 kiln car, 45 kiln car, 46 switching track, 47 ventilation hole, 48 ventilation hole, 49 tail gas processing device, 50 burning line, 51 drying line, 52 drying line, 53 drying line, 61 sand layer, 62 heat insulation wall, 63 heat insulation layer, 64 heat insulation layer, 65 dehumidifier, 66 gas oil pipe, 67 third screw propelling screw, 68 compacting section and 69 protective cover.

Detailed Description

The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION

As shown in fig. 1, the tunnel kiln comprises three drying lines, namely a drying line 51, a drying line 52, a drying line 53 and a firing line 50, the kiln zone 44 is arranged on the firing line 50, a vent 47 is arranged between the drying line 51 and the drying line 52, a vent 48 is arranged between the drying line 52 and the drying line 53, a brick blank to be dried is arranged on a kiln car in the drying line, the advancing direction of the kiln car is opposite to the advancing direction of air flow in the drying line, the hot air flow in the drying line is used for firing a fan 41 on the drying line 50, when the fan 41 is operated, the hot air in a ventilation duct 16 is collected and conveyed to the drying line, the wet brick blank is dried by utilizing the residual heat of the firing line 50, however, the ventilation duct 16 is communicated with a main air hole 22 and an auxiliary air hole 23, the main air hole 22 and the auxiliary air hole 23 both play a role of air intake, the auxiliary air hole 23 increases the air intake capacity and can play a role of adjusting the temperature of the brick blank, as shown in FIG. 2, the basic structure of the tunnel kiln firing line 50 in the kiln zone 44 includes a heating zone 29 arranged at the bottom layer, the heating zone can heat the brick blank in the kiln zone, the temperature of the heating zone is generally about 1400 ℃, the inner wall of the firing line is mainly surrounded by a refractory wall 21, a heat insulation layer 63 and refractory walls, the temperature of the kiln car in the firing line is about 1100 ℃, the heat insulation layer 63 is built by refractory bricks, the oil production system is arranged above the heating zone 29, the outermost periphery of the oil production system is covered by a solid heat insulation refractory concrete 10, and thick sand layers are arranged outside the refractory wall 21 and the refractory wall for heat insulation, so as to ensure that the temperature is always protected in the firing line 50 and cannot escape, thereby effectively reducing the use of raw materials in the heating zone.

The oil production system comprises a drying layer, an oil production layer and a carbonization layer.

A drying pipe 2 is arranged in the drying layer, a feed inlet 1 is arranged at one end of the drying pipe 2, the raw material fed by the feed inlet 1 is organic solid garbage, a first spiral propelling screw 4 is arranged in the drying pipe 2, the first spiral propelling screw 4 works under the drive of a speed reducing motor 11, a buffer groove 3 is arranged on the lower pipe wall of the drying pipe 2, the raw material enters the drying pipe 2 from the feed inlet 1 and under the pushing action force of the first spiral propelling screw 4, the buffer groove 3 is filled with the raw material, the escaped raw material continues to advance under the pushing action of the first spiral propelling screw 4, the conveying of the buffer raw material passing through the buffer groove 3 becomes more average, the temperature of the drying layer is controlled to be 220 ℃, a moisture extractor 65 is arranged at the feed end of the drying pipe, the drying time of the raw material in the drying layer is not less than 40min, a necking section 7 is arranged at the discharge end of the drying pipe, it should be noted that the feeding port 1 is hermetically connected with the feeding device thereof, considering that thermal cracking needs to be performed under an anoxic condition, the raw material conveyed by the discharge port of the feeding device enters the drying pipe 2 under the protection of nitrogen, the feeding device does not belong to an oil production system and is not shown, the nitrogen pumped by the dehumidifier 65 is dried and then returns to the feeding device, and because the necking section 7 has a small amount of nitrogen flowing into an oil production layer, the nitrogen is basically in a recycling state, thereby avoiding waste; as shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic view of the internal structure of the heat insulating layer 64 below the drying layer, the heat insulating layer 64 is provided with a heat conducting window 6 and a partition plate 5 used in cooperation with the heat conducting window 6, the partition plate 5 is made of a heat insulating material, generally, the partition plate 5 is in a half-open and half-closed state, if the partition plate 5 is completely closed, the temperature of the drying layer is lower than 100 ℃, and if the partition plate 5 is completely opened, the temperature of the drying layer is higher than 220 ℃, so that the temperature in the drying layer can be adjusted through the opening and closing size of the partition plate 5, the heat conducting window 6 is provided with a plurality of the heat insulating layer 64, the heat insulating layer is divided into 4 rows, the partition plate 5 of each heat conducting window 6 is provided with a push rod 30 for specially moving the partition plate 5, the push rods of two adjacent rows are connected to a main push rod 31 and a main push rod 32, the main push rod 31 and the main push rod 32 are connected to a main, adjusting the temperature of the drying layer, wherein fig. 3 shows a completely opened state of the heat conducting window 6, and fig. 4 shows a partially opened state of the heat conducting window 6, as shown in fig. 2, a temperature test point 34 and a temperature test point 35 are arranged on the drying tube 2, and the temperature test point selects a sensor with a suitable temperature zone for temperature test, and because the temperature around the burning line 50 is high, in order to avoid manual operation, after the temperature inside the drying layer is roughly known through the temperature test point, the general push rod 33 can be controlled to move to a suitable position.

An oil production pipe 8 is arranged in the oil production layer, one end of the oil production pipe 8 is connected with the discharge end of the drying pipe 2, a second spiral propelling screw 9 is arranged in the oil production pipe 8, exhaust pipes 65 are arranged on the second spiral propelling screw 9 at equal intervals on the oil production pipe 8 through heat-insulating refractory concrete 10, when the oil production device works, a speed reduction motor 12 arranged in a large amount of oil generated in the oil production pipe 8 drives the steam to converge into an oil-gas pipe 66 through the exhaust pipes 65, the oil steam generated by the oil production pipe 8 is cracked micromolecule aliphatic hydrocarbon comprising non-condensable gas, standard oil, heavy oil and the like, the oil steam enters an absorption tower and a fractionating tower for fractional distillation and storage, the temperature of the oil production layer is controlled at 600 ℃ of 300-, the nitrogen slowly permeates into the oil production pipe from the drying pipe and also plays a role of protection, the end of the oil production pipe 8 is also provided with a necking section 13, and the necking section 13 ensures the air tightness between the oil production pipe 8 and the carbonization pipe 18. It should be noted that the number of the exhaust pipes 13 is large, so that the pressure inside the oil production pipe 8 is equal everywhere, and meanwhile, the exhaust pipes 13 do not adopt an air pump, but allow the gas inside the oil production pipe 8 to automatically and slowly escape, so as to avoid that the gas in the carbonization layer 18 reversely infiltrates into the oil production pipe 8, or the oil vapor of the oil production pipe 8 infiltrates into the carbonization layer to cause waste and possible dangerous situations. It should be noted that a heat insulation layer 63 is arranged between the oil production layer and the carbonization layer, the heat insulation layer 63 is also provided with a heat conduction window 15 and a partition plate 14 used in cooperation with the heat conduction window 15, the heat insulation layer 63 has similar conditions and effects to those of the heat insulation layer 64, and the heat insulation layer functions in cooperation with the temperature test point 36 and the temperature test point 37 to adjust the temperature, which is not described again.

Be equipped with carbomorphism pipe 18 in the carbonization layer, 18 termination of carbomorphism pipe system oil pipe 8 discharge end, carbomorphism intraductal third screw propulsion screw 67 that is equipped with of 18, third screw propulsion screw 67 is driven by accelerating motor 17, the carbonization layer temperature more than 600 degrees centigrade, 18 discharge end of carbomorphism pipe be equipped with compaction section 68, because carbomorphism pipe 18 leaves all to be remaining the charcoal, the compaction degree of difficulty is big, considers the characteristics of remaining charcoal, be equipped with the reinforcing block 19 that increases 18 intensity of carbomorphism pipe on the compaction section 68, be one section long tubule 20 behind the compaction section 68, long tubule 20 prevents the air current refluence, seals up the nitrogen gas in the carbomorphism pipe 18 basically in the carbomorphism pipe 18.

The residual carbon of the carbonization tube 18 is compacted and then extends out of the long thin tube 20, as shown in fig. 2, the tail end of the long thin tube 20 is provided with a breaking machine 24, the breaking machine 24 is in a uniform rotation state during working, two scraping blocks 241 are symmetrically arranged on the breaking machine 24, the outer surface of each scraping block 241 is arc-shaped, the residual carbon extruded from the long thin tube 20 is scraped by the scraping blocks 241 when each scraping block extends out, and falls into the sliding pipe 25, the outer surface of the breaking machine 24 is coated with a layer of protective cover 69, the protective cover 69 is connected with the tail end of the long thin pipe 20, namely, the gas in the carbonization pipe 18 cannot escape into the tunnel kiln and can only enter the protective cover 69 from the long thin pipe 20, the lower end of the sliding pipe 25 is connected with the storage bin 28, a pipeline leading to the heating area 29 is arranged below the storage bin 28, the residual char in the storage bin 28 may be added to the heating zone 29 when it is desired to add fuel to the heating zone.

The thermal cracking oil production system based on the brick kiln has the advantages that: 1. the characteristic of the residual heat of the tunnel kiln is utilized, the waste garbage is used as a raw material to be cracked at high temperature to generate non-condensable gas and non-standard oil which can be used as fuel, and the solid residual carbon can also be used as fuel. 2. The problem of heating zone fuel of the tunnel kiln is basically solved after the oil production system is adopted, residual carbon which can not be changed into oil gas is directly used as tunnel kiln zone fuel to provide heat energy for the kiln zone, and meanwhile, the heat energy is fed back to the oil production system to enable the whole system to be continuously in a working circulation state, and the utilization efficiency of the energy can reach more than 70%. 3. The oil preparation system is clean and environment-friendly, and does not generate any secondary garbage or harmful gas.

Claims

1. a thermal cracking oil system based on brick kiln, is characterized in that: comprise brick kiln and oil system, described brick kiln should exist a section of suitable temperature zone suitable for oil system, and described oil system is arranged at suitable temperature. In the area, the raw material of the oil-making system is waste organic solid waste, the organic solid waste absorbs heat in a suitable temperature area and thermally cracks to generate oil vapor, and the raw material remains residual carbon after thermal cracking , the residual carbon is collected in a designated area for use as fuel; the brick kiln adopts a tunnel kiln, and the tunnel kiln includes several drying lines and a burning line, and the burning line is provided with a kiln area, A furnace is arranged in the kiln area, the tunnel kiln includes a kiln area, a heating area is arranged below the kiln area, and the oil making system is arranged in a suitable temperature area right above the kiln area; The system includes a drying layer, an oil-making layer, and a carbonization layer. The drying layer, the oil-making layer, and the carbonization layer are arranged above the kiln area, the drying layer is arranged at the top, the oil-making layer is arranged in the middle, and the carbonization layer is arranged at the bottom. The drying layer, the oil-making layer and the carbonization layer are provided with a thermal insulation layer between the layers;

The drying layer is provided with a drying pipe, one end of the drying pipe is provided with a feeding port, and the drying pipe is provided with a first helical screw, the temperature of the drying layer is controlled at 100-220 degrees Celsius, and the drying pipe is in the feeding process. The material end is provided with a dehumidifier, and the drying time of the raw material in the drying layer is not less than 40min;

An oil production pipe is arranged in the oil production layer, one end of the oil production pipe is connected to the discharge end of the drying pipe, the oil production pipe is provided with a second screw propeller, and the oil production pipe is provided with exhaust pipes at equal intervals. The exhaust pipe is connected to an external absorption tower, the temperature of the oil-making layer is controlled at 300-600 degrees Celsius, and the duration of the raw material in the oil-making layer is 30min-40min;

A carbonization pipe is arranged in the carbonization layer, and one end of the carbonization pipe is connected to the discharge end of the oil pipe. The carbonization pipe is provided with a third screw propulsion screw. The temperature of the carbonization layer is above 600 degrees Celsius. There is a compaction section at the discharge end of the tube;

The discharge ends of the drying pipes and the oil making pipes are provided with constricted sections.

2. A brick kiln-based thermal cracking oil production system according to claim 1, characterized in that: a buffer tank is provided under the drying pipe, the buffer tank is communicated with the drying pipe, and the buffer tank can store The first screw pushes the raw material pushed by the screw.

3. A kind of thermal cracking oil-making system based on brick kiln according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the discharge end of described carbonization pipe is provided with interrupting machine, and described interrupting machine is provided with receiving material One end of the receiving pipe is provided with a storage bin.

4. A brick kiln-based thermal cracking oil-making system according to claim 3, characterized in that: a feeding pipe is arranged under the storage bin, and the feeding pipe is connected to the furnace below the kiln area.

5. A brick kiln-based thermal cracking oil production system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the oil production system further comprises a temperature control system, and the temperature control system comprises The heat conduction window on the thermal layer, the insulation layer is provided with a partition plate, and the partition plate is driven and controlled by a motor, and the temperature control system also includes a plurality of multi-layers arranged in the drying layer, the oil-making layer, and the carbonization layer. temperature test points.