CN108612559A - A kind of High-geotemperature tunnel reduces the method and heat sink of environment temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a cooling device for lowering the ambient temperature of a high ground temperature tunnel, wherein the cooling method includes the following steps: according to the parameters of the tunnel construction environment, placing ice blocks inside the tunnel at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to cool down; calculating the temperature of the tunnel The melting volume of the ice cubes in the cave every hour, and increase the ice cubes in the cave consistent with the melting volume every hour; set up an ice cube storage cage outside the tunnel entrance, and place ice cubes outside the cave inside the ice cube storage cage, The ice cube placement cage is connected with the ventilator through the flexible pipe, and then the ventilator is connected with the ventilating pipe leading into the tunnel, so as to ventilate and cool down the tunnel. The cooling device includes ice cubes inside the tunnel at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and an ice cube placement cage outside the tunnel entrance. Ice cubes outside the cave are placed inside the ice cube placement cage, and the ice cube placement cage The ventilator is connected with the ventilator through a flexible pipe, and the ventilator is connected with a ventilating pipe leading into the tunnel.

Description

A method and cooling device for lowering the ambient temperature of a high ground temperature tunnel

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a method and cooling device for lowering the ambient temperature of a high ground temperature tunnel.

Background technique

During tunnel construction, the temperature in the tunnel must be uniformly regulated to ensure the safety of construction workers. For example, the Ministry of Railways stipulates that the temperature in the tunnel should not exceed 28°C; the Ministry of Communications stipulates that the temperature in the tunnel should not be higher than 30°C. However, due to geothermal problems in high-temperature tunnels, the ambient temperature during construction is high (for example, the local rock and soil temperature is as high as 70°C, and the ambient temperature is as high as 35°C or more). The low efficiency has caused a great impact on the construction of the project, resulting in a series of construction problems. At present, although ventilation is generally used for heat exchange and cooling, the cooling efficiency is low, and the temperature distribution throughout the tunnel is still uneven. Therefore, it is necessary to study the cooling method of high ground temperature tunnels, and formulate construction technical measures based on the research results. Apply effective technical measures to the site to solve construction problems.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art that the high ambient temperature of the high-temperature tunnel affects the physical and mental health of the staff and reduce the working efficiency, and provides a method and a cooling device for lowering the ambient temperature of the high-temperature tunnel.

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

A method for lowering ambient temperature in a high ground temperature tunnel, comprising the following steps:

A: According to the parameters of the tunnel construction environment, ice cubes are placed inside the tunnel to cool down. The ice cubes in the cave refer to the ice cubes installed inside the tunnel, and there are no special parameters such as the shape and volume of the ice cubes. Require;

A1: Obtain the calculation parameters, which are the parameters of the tunnel construction environment, including the length of the excavated tunnel L, the perimeter of the tunnel section S, the area of the tunnel section A, the temperature inside the tunnel δ, the specific heat capacity of the _air γ, and the heat dissipation of the surrounding rock Rate V _rock , gasoline calorific value q _oil , gasoline density ρ _oil , dump truck fuel consumption per hour M _unloading , loader fuel consumption per hour M _loading , excavator per hour fuel consumption M _digging , ice melting heat q _Ice , the density of ice ρ _ice , the dissolution rate V _ice of unit volume of ice in air at 30°C;

A2: According to the calculation parameters, calculate the heat dissipation Q ₁ per hour in the tunnel:

Q ₁ =Q _1a +Q _1b

Q _1a = SLV _Rock

Q _1b = q _oil ρ _oil (M _unloading + M _loading + M _digging )

In the formula, Q _1a is the heat dissipation of surrounding rock per hour, and Q _1b is the heat dissipation of working equipment in the tunnel per hour;

A3: Calculate the heat Q ₂ required for every 1°C drop of the air in the tunnel:

Q ₂ = γ _empty AL

A4: Calculate the heat absorption Q ₃ per hour of the ice in the hole per unit volume:

Q ₃ =q _ice V _ice

A5: Calculate the total volume N of ice cubes in the tunnel required to drop the temperature inside the tunnel to 28°C within 2 hours:

A6: Place the ice cubes in the tunnel at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, where the sum of the volumes of all the ice cubes in the tunnel is N;

B: Calculate the melting volume Nmelt of the ice cubes in the tunnel per hour, and increase the ice cubes in the cave consistent with the _melting volume _Nmelt every hour:

C: Ventilate and cool down the inside of the tunnel through the ventilator outside the tunnel entrance. Specifically, set up an ice storage cage outside the tunnel entrance, place ice cubes outside the cave inside the ice storage cage, and place the ice cubes in the cage The flexible pipe is connected with the ventilator, and then the ventilator is connected with the ventilation pipe leading into the tunnel, so as to ventilate and cool down the tunnel. The ice cubes outside the tunnel refer to ice cubes installed outside the tunnel, and there are no special requirements on parameters such as the shape and volume of the ice cubes.

Adopting the cooling method described in the present invention, the temperature in the tunnel can be effectively reduced by cooling the ice cubes in the cave and ventilating fans, and by timely adding ice cubes in the cave, the temperature of the tunnel can always be kept below 30°C, avoiding the need for workers to The impact on health of continuous work in high temperature environment, and improve the construction efficiency and speed up the progress of tunnel construction. On the other hand, this method uses simple and easy-to-obtain ice cubes and ventilators to cool down the tunnel, which has low material cost, short preparation time, and low energy consumption, which meets the actual needs of tunnel construction.

Preferably, the ice cubes in the cave are formed by superimposing several ice cube bricks of the same volume and size. By knowing the volume of each ice block, the number of ice blocks to be used can be directly calculated to facilitate the handling and addition of ice blocks.

Preferably, in the step A5, according to the calculated total volume N of ice cubes in the cave, the number n of required ice cube bricks is further calculated,

In the formula, V ₀ is the volume of each ice cube brick.

Preferably, in the step B, according to the calculated _{melting volume N of the ice cubes in the cave, the number n melting of} the ice bricks required to be increased every hour is further calculated, wherein,

Preferably, in the step C, calculate the melting volume of the ice cubes outside the cave in the ice cube placement cage per hour, and increase the ice cubes outside the cave consistent with the melting volume every few hours, so that the temperature in the cave can be kept constant. Keep below 30°C.

The invention also discloses a cooling device for lowering the ambient temperature of a high ground temperature tunnel, which includes ice cubes in the tunnel arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and an ice cube storage cage arranged outside the tunnel entrance. Ice cubes outside the hole are placed inside the block placement cage, and the ice cube placement cage is connected with a ventilator through a flexible pipe, and the ventilator is connected with a ventilation pipe leading to the tunnel.

The cooling device of the present invention lowers the temperature in the cave together by using the ice in the cave and the ventilator equipped with ice outside the cave. The structure is simple, not only easy to install, but also easy to obtain and low material cost Low energy consumption, especially suitable for cooling tunnels with high ground temperature.

Preferably, the ice blocks in the cave are arranged near the rock walls on both sides of the tunnel, and two rows of the ice blocks in the cave are arranged in a staggered manner. The temperature of the rock walls on both sides of the tunnel is relatively high, and the ice blocks are close to the rock walls, which can have a better cooling effect and will not hinder the driving passage, which is convenient for tunnel construction. The staggered arrangement is more conducive to expanding the range of ice blocks in the cave. Improve cooling effect.

Preferably, the side of the ice cube storage cage is provided with a square hole for placing ice cubes outside the cave, and the size of the square hole is preferably 2m×1.5m. Through the square hole, the staff can conveniently enter the ice cube storage cage to add ice cubes.

Preferably, the ice cube storage cage is a steel cage, and the steel cage is not only processed and installed, but also meets the design requirements.

Preferably, the reinforcement cage is a cylindrical structure, and the reinforcement cage is detachably connected to the flexible pipe through fasteners, and the flexible pipe is equipped with a spring steel ring and a wear-resistant rubber strip, which is convenient for installation, disassembly and maintenance.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of cooling method of the present invention:

Adopting the cooling method described in the present invention, the temperature in the tunnel can be effectively reduced by cooling the ice cubes in the cave and ventilating fans, and by timely adding ice cubes in the cave, the temperature of the tunnel can always be kept below 30°C, avoiding the need for workers to The impact on health of continuous work in high temperature environment, and improve the construction efficiency and speed up the progress of tunnel construction. On the other hand, this method uses simple and easy-to-obtain ice cubes and ventilators to cool down the tunnel, which has low material cost, short preparation time, and low energy consumption, which meets the actual needs of tunnel construction.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the cooling device of the present invention are as follows:

The cooling device of the present invention lowers the temperature in the cave together by using the ice in the cave and the ventilator equipped with ice outside the cave. The structure is simple, not only easy to install, but also easy to obtain and low material cost Low energy consumption, especially suitable for cooling tunnels with high ground temperature.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a cooling device according to the present invention.

Markings in the figure: 1-tunnel, 2-hole face, 3-ice inside the hole, 4-ice storage cage, 5-fastener, 6-ventilator, 7-flexible pipe, 8-ice outside the hole , 9-ventilation pipe.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific embodiments. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, a method for reducing the ambient temperature in a high ground temperature tunnel includes the following steps:

A: According to the parameters of the tunnel construction environment, ice cubes 3 are placed inside the tunnel 1 to cool down;

A1: Obtain the calculation parameters, which are the parameters of the tunnel construction environment, including the length of the excavated tunnel L=100m, the perimeter of the tunnel section S=41m, the area of the tunnel section A=129.3m ² , and the temperature inside the tunnel δ=43 ℃, specific heat capacity of air γ _air = 1.0×10 ³ J/(m ³ ·℃), cooling rate of surrounding rock V _rock =30J/(s·m ² ), heating value of gasoline _qoil =4.5×10 ⁷ J/kg , gasoline density ρ _oil = 0.72kg/L, dump truck fuel consumption per hour M _unloading = 0.01L, loader fuel consumption per hour M _loading = 2L, excavator hourly fuel consumption M _digging = 3.7L, ice The heat of dissolution q _ice = 3.36×10 ⁵ J/kg, the density of ice ρ _ice = 0.9×10 ³ kg/m ³ , the rate of dissolution of ice per unit volume in air at 30°C V _ice = 60kg/(h·m ³ );

A2: According to the calculation parameters, calculate the heat dissipation Q _{1 per hour in tunnel 1} :

Q _1a = SLV _rock = 41m×100m×30J/(s·m ² )×3600s=4.428×10 ⁸ J

Q _1b = q _oil ρ _oil (M _unloading + M _loading + M _digging )

＝4.5×10 ⁷ J/kg×0.72kg/L×(0.01L+2L+3.7L)

=1.85×10 ⁸ J

Q ₁ =Q _1a +Q _1b =4.428×10 ⁸ J+1.85×10 ⁸ J=6.278×10 ⁸ J

In the formula, Q _1a is the heat dissipation of surrounding rock per hour, and Q _1b is the heat dissipation of working equipment in the tunnel per hour;

A3: Calculate the heat Q ₂ required for every 1°C drop of the air in tunnel 1:

Q ₂ =γ _space AL=1.0×10 ³ J/(m ³ ·℃)×129.3m ² ×100m=1.29×10 ⁷ J/℃

A4: Calculate the heat absorption Q ₃ per hour of the ice cube 3 in the hole per unit volume:

Q ₃ ＝q _ice V _ice ＝3.36×10 ⁵ J/kg×60kg/(h·m ³ )×1h＝20.19×10 ⁶ J/m ³

A5: Calculate the total volume N of ice cubes 3 in the tunnel required to lower the temperature inside the tunnel 1 to 28°C within 2 hours:

The ice cubes 3 in the cave are formed by superimposing several 100cm×100cm×50cm ice cube bricks of the same size. According to the calculated total volume N of ice cubes in the cave, the required 100cm×100cm×50cm ice cubes are further calculated. the number of bricks n,

In the formula, V ₀ is the volume of each ice cube brick.

A6: Inside the tunnel 1, 72 pieces of 100cm×100cm×50cm ice bricks are staggered along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, and the distance D between adjacent ice bricks is 30m;

B: Calculate the melting volume Nmelt of the ice cube 3 in the tunnel 1 per hour, and increase the ice cube 3 in the cave consistent with the _melting volume _Nmelt every hour:

According to the calculated _melting volume Nmelt of ice cubes in the cave, the number _nmelt of ice cube bricks that need to be increased every hour is further calculated, wherein,

C: The ventilator 6 outside the opening of the tunnel 1 is used to ventilate and cool down the inside of the tunnel. Specifically, an ice cube placement cage 4 is set in the tunnel 1, and several openings are arranged on the side of the ice cube placement cage 4. 3 ice cubes 8 outside the hole are placed inside the ice cube placement cage 4, each ice cube 8 outside the hole is a 100cm×100cm×50cm ice cube brick, and the ice cube placement cage 4 is connected to the ventilator 6 through a flexible pipe 7 , and then the ventilation fan 6 is connected to the ventilation pipe 9 leading to the tunnel 1, so that the tunnel 1 is ventilated and cooled.

Calculate the melting volume of ice cubes 8 per hour outside the hole in the ice cube placement cage 4 And increase the amount of ice outside the cave 8 consistent with the melting volume every five hours,

Example 2

As shown in Figure 1, taking a 100m long high-temperature tunnel as an example, a cooling device for reducing the ambient temperature in a high-temperature tunnel includes ice blocks 3 in the tunnel 1 that are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel 1. The ice cubes 3 in the cave are arranged near the rock walls on both sides of the tunnel 1, and two rows of the ice cubes 3 in the cave are arranged in a staggered manner. The distance D between adjacent ice cubes 3 in the cave is 30m, and the distances from the tunnel surface 2 are 20m, 50m and 80m respectively.

It also includes an ice cube placement cage 4 provided outside the opening of the tunnel 1, the ice cube placement cage 4 is a steel reinforcement cage, and the reinforcement cage is a cylindrical structure, and is equipped with a spring steel ring, a durable The flexible pipe 7 of the rubber grinding strip is detachably connected. The inside of the ice cube placement cage 4 is placed with ice cubes 8 outside the cave. And the ice cube placement cage 4 is connected to the ventilator 6 through a flexible pipe 7, the distance L between the ventilator 6 and the same mouth of the tunnel 1 is greater than 30m, and the ventilator 6 is connected to a ventilation pipe leading to the tunnel 1 9

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention. Although the specification has described the present invention in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods, so Any modification or equivalent replacement of the present invention; and all technical solutions and improvements that do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for reducing ambient temperature in a high ground temperature tunnel, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: A: According to the parameters of the tunnel construction environment, place ice cubes (3) inside the tunnel (1) to cool down; A1: Obtain the calculation parameters, which are the parameters of the tunnel construction environment, including the length of the excavated tunnel L, the perimeter of the tunnel section S, the area of the tunnel section A, the temperature inside the tunnel δ, the specific heat capacity of the _air γ, and the heat dissipation of the surrounding rock Rate V _rock , gasoline calorific value q _oil , gasoline density ρ _oil , dump truck fuel consumption per hour M _unloading , loader fuel consumption per hour M _loading , excavator per hour fuel consumption M _digging , ice melting heat q _Ice , the density of ice ρ _ice , the dissolution rate V _ice of unit volume of ice in air at 30°C; A2: According to the calculation parameters, calculate the heat dissipation Q ₁ per hour in the tunnel (1): Q ₁ =Q _1a +Q _1b Q _1a = SLV _Rock Q _1b = q _oil ρ _oil (M _unloading + M _loading + M _digging ) In the formula, Q _1a is the heat dissipation of surrounding rock per hour, and Q _1b is the heat dissipation of working equipment in the tunnel per hour; A3: Calculate the heat Q ₂ required for every 1°C drop of the air in the tunnel (1): Q ₂ = γ _empty AL A4: Calculate the heat absorption Q ₃ per hour of the ice cube (3) in the hole per unit volume: Q ₃ =q _ice V _ice A5: Calculate the total volume N of ice cubes (3) inside the tunnel (1) required to drop the temperature inside the tunnel (1) to 28°C within 2 hours: A6: Place ice cubes (3) inside the tunnel (1) at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, wherein the sum of the volumes of all the ice cubes (3) in the cave is N; B: Calculate the melting volume Nmelt of the ice cubes (3) in the tunnel (1) per hour, and increase the ice cubes (3) in the cave consistent with the _melting volume _Nmelt every hour: C: Ventilate and cool the inside of the tunnel through the ventilator (6) outside the tunnel (1), specifically, set the ice cube placement cage (4) outside the tunnel (1) hole, and place the ice cube cage (4) ) is placed inside the hole outside the ice cube (8), the ice cube placement cage (4) is connected with the ventilator (6) through the flexible pipe (7), and then the ventilator (6) is connected to the tunnel (1) The ventilation pipe (9) inside is connected, thereby the tunnel (1) is ventilated and cooled. 2. The method for reducing the ambient temperature in a high ground temperature tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that, the ice cubes (3) in the cave are formed by superimposing several ice cube bricks of the same volume. 3. The method for reducing the ambient temperature in a high ground temperature tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the step A5, according to the calculated total volume N of ice cubes in the cave, the required ice cubes are further calculated the number of bricks n, In the formula, V ₀ is the volume of each ice cube brick. 4. The method for reducing the ambient temperature in a high ground temperature tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that, in the step B, according to the calculated _melting volume N of ice cubes in the cave, it is further calculated that every hour The number n of ice cube bricks that need to be increased is _melted , wherein, 5. according to the method for reducing ambient temperature of a kind of high ground temperature tunnel described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, in the described step C, calculate the ice cube outside the cave (8) in the ice cube placement cage (4) ) melt volume per hour, and increase the ice outside the cave corresponding to the melt volume (8) every few hours. 6. A cooling device for lowering ambient temperature in a high ground temperature tunnel, characterized in that it includes ice cubes (3) in the tunnel (1) that are arranged at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (1), and in the tunnel (1) An ice cube placement cage (4) is provided outside the hole, and ice cubes (8) outside the hole are placed inside the ice cube placement cage (4), and the ice cube placement cage (4) is connected with the The ventilator (6) is connected, and the ventilator (6) is connected with a ventilation pipe (9) leading into the tunnel (1). 7. The cooling device for reducing the ambient temperature of a high ground temperature tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, the ice cubes (3) in the cave are arranged near the rock walls on both sides of the tunnel (1), and two rows The ice cubes (3) in the cave are arranged in a staggered manner. 8. A cooling device for lowering the ambient temperature of a high ground temperature tunnel according to claim 6, characterized in that, the side of the ice cube placement cage (4) is provided with a square hole for placing ice cubes (8) outside the cave . 9 . The cooling device for lowering the ambient temperature of a high ground temperature tunnel according to claim 6 , wherein the ice cube placing cage ( 4 ) is a reinforced cage. 10 . 10. The cooling device for lowering the ambient temperature of a high ground temperature tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that, the reinforcement cage is a cylindrical structure, and the flexible pipe (7) is connected with the fastener (5) Detachable connection.