CN108619827A - 一种纳米纤维复合过滤膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种纳米纤维复合过滤膜，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜由静电纺丝制备而得，依次包括：膜支撑层、无纺布层、粗过滤层、纳米纤维层、聚偏氟乙烯涂层，各个层之间相互连接；其中，所述粗过滤层的过滤孔的直径为0.1‑1mm；所述纳米纤维层依次包括第一纳米纤维层、第二纳米纤维层和第三纳米纤维层，所述第一纳米纤维层形成在所述粗过滤层的表面上；所述第一纳米纤维层中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为20‑50μm，所述第二纳米纤维层中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为1‑20μm，所述第三纳米纤维层中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为0.01‑1μm。本发明的纳米纤维过滤膜结构比表面积大，增加空气流通路径，增加颗粒物储存空间，使过滤膜过滤效率提高和空气阻力降低的同时延长使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及空气净化过滤技术领域，尤其涉及一种纳米纤维复合过滤膜。
背景技术
常规非织造过滤材料已广泛应用于各种过滤产品中，例如：玻璃纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚酯纤维和聚四氟乙烯纤维等在空气净化器、汽车空调滤芯及口罩等产品中得到了广泛应用。但是，常规非织造过滤材料的纤维直径较大，纤维堆积形成的过滤孔隙较大，其对较小粒径颗粒物的过滤性能较差。因此需要更有效的空气过滤材料来过滤微小颗粒物。
静电纺丝制备的纳米纤维具有纤维直径小、孔径小、孔隙率高、比表面积大等优点，将其与非织造过滤材料基材复合制备的复合过滤材料具有较好的过滤效率，其中非织造过滤材料基材主要过滤粒径较大的颗粒物，静电纺丝纤维层主要过滤粒径较小颗粒物，此类复合过滤材料在空气过滤领域具有巨大的应用价值和前景。目前，静电纺丝纺制的纳米纤维结构有实心圆截面、珠粒状、扁平或带状等，现有的纳米纤维虽然具有不同的纤维结构，但其过滤膜仍然存在过滤效率偏低、空气阻力较大且使用寿命短的问题。如何在提高过滤效率和降低空气阻力的同时延长过滤膜的使用寿命，是目前纤维过滤材料制备技术中亟需解决的技术难题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种纳米纤维复合过滤膜，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜由静电纺丝制备而得，依次包括：膜支撑层、无纺布层、粗过滤层、纳米纤维层、聚偏氟乙烯涂层，各个层之间相互连接；
其中，所述粗过滤层的过滤孔的直径为0.1-1mm；
所述纳米纤维层依次包括第一纳米纤维层、第二纳米纤维层和第三纳米纤维层，所述第一纳米纤维层形成在所述粗过滤层的表面上；
所述第一纳米纤维层中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为20-50μm，所述第二纳米纤维层中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为1-20μm，所述第三纳米纤维层中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为0.01-1μm。
进一步地，所述各个层之间通过缝合的方式连接在一起。
进一步地，所述各个层之间涂覆有纳米氧化锌颗粒溶液，以在所述纳米氧化锌颗粒溶液干燥之后作为各个层之间的粘结剂。
进一步地，所述粗过滤层的材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯腈、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯或聚偏氟乙烯。
进一步地，所述纳米纤维层的内部附着有碳纳米管或氧化还原石墨烯。
进一步地，所述膜支撑层的材料为聚丙烯、聚砜、聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚羟基丁酸酯、聚丙烯腈中的任意一种或两种以上混合物。
进一步地，所述膜支撑层的形状为纳米纤维膜、平板膜或中空纤维膜。
进一步地，所述第一纳米纤维层、所述第二纳米纤维层和所述第三纳米纤维层相互交叉布置。
本发明的纳米纤维过滤膜结构比表面积大，增加了空气流通路径，增加了颗粒物储存空间，使过滤膜过滤效率提高和空气阻力降低的同时延长使用寿命，其综合过滤性能优于现有纳米纤维复过滤材料。
本发明的纳米纤维复合过滤材料兼具高过滤效率和低空气阻力，同时长使用寿命，其在空气过滤领域有广泛应用价值，在空气净化器、汽车过滤滤芯、口罩等产品上有极大的应用前景。
根据下文结合附图对本发明具体实施例的详细描述，本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
附图说明
后文将参照附图以示例性而非限制性的方式详细描述本发明的一些具体实施例。附图中相同的附图标记标示了相同或类似的部件或部分。本领域技术人员应该理解，这些附图未必是按比例绘制的。附图中：
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的纳米纤维复合过滤膜的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的纳米纤维复合过滤膜的示意性结构图。如图1所示，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜由静电纺丝制备而得，依次包括：膜支撑层1、无纺布层 2、粗过滤层3、纳米纤维层4、聚偏氟乙烯涂层5，各个层之间相互连接；其中，所述粗过滤层3的过滤孔的直径为0.1mm；所述纳米纤维层4依次包括第一纳米纤维层4、第二纳米纤维层4和第三纳米纤维层4，所述第一纳米纤维层4形成在所述粗过滤层3的表面上；所述第一纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为50μm，所述第二纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为20μm，所述第三纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为1μm。
所述各个层之间通过缝合的方式连接在一起。所述粗过滤层3的材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。所述纳米纤维层4的内部附着有碳纳米管。所述膜支撑层1的材料为聚丙烯。所述膜支撑层1的形状为纳米纤维膜。所述第一纳米纤维层4、所述第二纳米纤维层4和所述第三纳米纤维层4相互交叉布置。
实施例2：
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的纳米纤维复合过滤膜的示意性结构图。如图1所示，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜由静电纺丝制备而得，依次包括：膜支撑层1、无纺布层 2、粗过滤层3、纳米纤维层4、聚偏氟乙烯涂层5，各个层之间相互连接；其中，所述粗过滤层3的过滤孔的直径为1mm；所述纳米纤维层4依次包括第一纳米纤维层4、第二纳米纤维层4和第三纳米纤维层4，所述第一纳米纤维层4形成在所述粗过滤层3的表面上；所述第一纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为20μm，所述第二纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为1μm，所述第三纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为0.5μm。
所述各个层之间涂覆有纳米氧化锌颗粒溶液，以在所述纳米氧化锌颗粒溶液干燥之后作为各个层之间的粘结剂。所述粗过滤层3的材料为聚丙烯腈。所述纳米纤维层4的内部附着有氧化还原石墨烯。所述膜支撑层1的材料为聚偏氟乙烯。所述膜支撑层1的形状为中空纤维膜。所述第一纳米纤维层4、所述第二纳米纤维层4和所述第三纳米纤维层4相互交叉布置。
实施例3：
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的纳米纤维复合过滤膜的示意性结构图。如图1所示，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜由静电纺丝制备而得，依次包括：膜支撑层1、无纺布层 2、粗过滤层3、纳米纤维层4、聚偏氟乙烯涂层5，各个层之间相互连接；其中，所述粗过滤层3的过滤孔的直径为0.5mm；所述纳米纤维层4依次包括第一纳米纤维层4、第二纳米纤维层4和第三纳米纤维层4，所述第一纳米纤维层4形成在所述粗过滤层3的表面上；所述第一纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为30μm，所述第二纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为10μm，所述第三纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为0.25μm。
所述各个层之间涂覆有纳米氧化锌颗粒溶液，以在所述纳米氧化锌颗粒溶液干燥之后作为各个层之间的粘结剂。所述粗过滤层3的材料为聚苯乙烯。所述纳米纤维层4的内部附着有碳纳米管。所述膜支撑层1的材料为聚羟基丁酸酯。所述膜支撑层1的形状为平板膜。所述第一纳米纤维层4、所述第二纳米纤维层4和所述第三纳米纤维层 4相互交叉布置。
实施例4：
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的纳米纤维复合过滤膜的示意性结构图。如图1所示，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜由静电纺丝制备而得，依次包括：膜支撑层1、无纺布层 2、粗过滤层3、纳米纤维层4、聚偏氟乙烯涂层5，各个层之间相互连接；其中，所述粗过滤层3的过滤孔的直径为0.25mm；所述纳米纤维层4依次包括第一纳米纤维层4、第二纳米纤维层4和第三纳米纤维层4，所述第一纳米纤维层4形成在所述粗过滤层3的表面上；所述第一纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为40μm，所述第二纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为15μm，所述第三纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为0.55μm。
所述各个层之间通过缝合的方式连接在一起。所述粗过滤层3的材料为聚偏氟乙烯。所述纳米纤维层4的内部附着有氧化还原石墨烯。所述膜支撑层1的材料为聚羟基丁酸酯和聚丙烯腈的混合物。所述膜支撑层1的形状为平板膜。所述第一纳米纤维层4、所述第二纳米纤维层4和所述第三纳米纤维层4相互交叉布置。
实施例5：
图1示出了根据本发明一个实施例的纳米纤维复合过滤膜的示意性结构图。如图1所示，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜由静电纺丝制备而得，依次包括：膜支撑层1、无纺布层 2、粗过滤层3、纳米纤维层4、聚偏氟乙烯涂层5，各个层之间相互连接；其中，所述粗过滤层3的过滤孔的直径为0.65mm；所述纳米纤维层4依次包括第一纳米纤维层4、第二纳米纤维层4和第三纳米纤维层4，所述第一纳米纤维层4形成在所述粗过滤层3的表面上；所述第一纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为35μm，所述第二纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为12μm，所述第三纳米纤维层4中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为0.15μm。
所述各个层之间通过缝合的方式连接在一起。所述粗过滤层3的材料为聚苯乙烯。所述纳米纤维层4的内部附着有氧化还原石墨烯。所述膜支撑层1的材料为聚砜和聚丙烯腈的混合物。所述膜支撑层1 的形状为平板膜。所述第一纳米纤维层4、所述第二纳米纤维层4和所述第三纳米纤维层4相互交叉布置。
本发明的纳米纤维复合过滤材料兼具高过滤效率和低空气阻力，同时长使用寿命，其在空气过滤领域有广泛应用价值，在空气净化器、汽车过滤滤芯、口罩等产品上有极大的应用前景。
至此，本领域技术人员应认识到，虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本发明的多个示例性实施例，但是，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下，仍可根据本发明公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本发明原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此，本发明的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。
Claims (8)
1.一种纳米纤维复合过滤膜，其特征在于，所述纳米纤维复合过滤膜由静电纺丝制备而得，依次包括：膜支撑层、无纺布层、粗过滤层、纳米纤维层、聚偏氟乙烯涂层，各个层之间相互连接；
其中，所述粗过滤层的过滤孔的直径为0.1-1mm；
所述纳米纤维层依次包括第一纳米纤维层、第二纳米纤维层和第三纳米纤维层，所述第一纳米纤维层形成在所述粗过滤层的表面上；
所述第一纳米纤维层中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为20-50μm，所述第二纳米纤维层中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为1-20μm，所述第三纳米纤维层中纳米纤维之间的孔的直径为0.01-1μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维复合过滤膜，其特征在于，所述各个层之间通过缝合的方式连接在一起。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维复合过滤膜，其特征在于，所述各个层之间涂覆有纳米氧化锌颗粒溶液，以在所述纳米氧化锌颗粒溶液干燥之后作为各个层之间的粘结剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维复合过滤膜，其特征在于，所述粗过滤层的材料为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚丙烯腈、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯或聚偏氟乙烯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维复合过滤膜，其特征在于，所述纳米纤维层的内部附着有碳纳米管或氧化还原石墨烯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维复合过滤膜，其特征在于，所述膜支撑层的材料为聚丙烯、聚砜、聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯、聚羟基丁酸酯、聚丙烯腈中的任意一种或两种以上混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维复合过滤膜，其特征在于，所述膜支撑层的形状为纳米纤维膜、平板膜或中空纤维膜。
8.根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维复合过滤膜，其特征在于，所述第一纳米纤维层、所述第二纳米纤维层和所述第三纳米纤维层相互交叉布置。
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