CN108508091B - Method and device for detecting article degradation parameters - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for detecting article degradation parameters, which can carry out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on an article to be detected to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected; performing wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands; determining a nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be detected according to the wavelet coefficient; and taking the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable to be introduced into a first equation corresponding to the material of the article to be detected, so as to obtain the value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be detected. The invention uses nonlinear ultrasonic to detect the deterioration parameters of the object to be detected, so the object to be detected does not need to be damaged. Meanwhile, the invention carries out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals, has the advantages of multi-resolution and local analysis, and improves the accuracy and stability of detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultrasonic detection, in particular to a method and a device for detecting article degradation parameters.
Background
The workpieces bearing high-temperature and high-pressure working conditions are made of metal materials such as high-temperature and high-pressure pipelines, pipe fittings, valves and the like of power plants and chemical plants in large quantity. As the service time is extended, the metal material gradually ages, resulting in a reduction in the safety and stability of the metal workpiece.
The aging degree of the metal workpiece can be determined by detecting the degradation parameters of the metal workpiece, so that the metal workpiece which is seriously aged can be replaced in time. The existing degradation parameter detection method is generally a sampling detection method, namely: the method comprises the steps of sampling a metal workpiece to be tested by a destructive method (such as pipe cutting, integral sectioning and the like), and detecting degradation parameters of the sampled workpiece by testing means such as a long-time high-temperature creep test (with a testing period of thousands to tens of thousands of hours), a short-time high-temperature tensile test and the like.
Since the prior art needs to sample the metal workpiece to be measured, the metal workpiece to be measured may be damaged. Meanwhile, other components that are subjected to high temperature, high pressure (e.g., headers, valve bodies, cylinders, etc.) than the piping components typically do not allow for destructive sampling. Of course, workpieces of other materials than metal workpieces may have the same problems.
Therefore, how to detect the degradation parameters without damaging the workpiece is still a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for detecting a degradation parameter of an article, so as to detect the degradation parameter of the article by nonlinear ultrasound.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method of detecting an item degradation parameter, comprising:
carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on an article to be detected to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected;
performing wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands;
determining a nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be detected according to the wavelet coefficient;
and taking the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable to be brought into a first equation corresponding to the material of the article to be detected, so as to obtain a value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be detected, wherein a dependent variable of the first equation is the value of the first degradation parameter, and the first equation corresponds to the first degradation parameter.
Optionally, before the non-linear ultrasonic detection is performed on the object to be detected, the method further includes:
obtaining a plurality of calibration samples with the same material as the to-be-detected article, wherein the value of a first degradation parameter of each calibration sample is known;
for each calibration sample: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample, and determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample;
performing data fitting according to the value of the first degradation parameter of each calibration sample and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient, and determining the value of an unknown coefficient in an equation to be fitted corresponding to the material of the calibration sample, wherein the equation to be fitted is an associated equation of the first degradation parameter and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient;
and modifying the unknown coefficient in the equation to be fitted into the determined value to obtain the first equation.
Optionally, the wavelet coefficient is WiWherein i is the number of the wavelet coefficient, i is a natural number, and the determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the multiple frequency bands of the calibration sample comprises:
according to the formula
β＝W2/W1 2
γ＝W3/W1 3
Calculating to obtain the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficients gamma and beta of the calibration sample, wherein W1Center frequency F of transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on calibration sample1Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located2Is a frequency F2Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located3Is a frequency F3Wavelet coefficient corresponding to the frequency band in which F is located2＝2F1，F3＝3F1。
Optionally, the equation to be fitted is:
C＝k1β+k2γ+b，
where C is a first degradation parameter, k1、k2And b is the unknown coefficient of the equation to be fitted.
Optionally, the center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for nonlinear ultrasonic detection is located in the interval [2.5, 10] MHz,
and/or the first degradation parameter is: endurance strength, creep strength, number of precipitates, grain size, or hardness.
An apparatus for detecting an item degradation parameter, comprising: a signal obtaining unit, a wavelet coefficient obtaining unit, an ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit and a deterioration parameter obtaining unit,
the signal acquisition unit is used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the article to be detected to acquire an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected;
the wavelet coefficient obtaining unit is used for performing wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands;
the ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit is used for determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be detected according to the wavelet coefficient;
the degradation parameter obtaining unit is configured to bring the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable into a first equation corresponding to a material of the article to be tested, so as to obtain a value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be tested, where a dependent variable of the first equation is the value of the first degradation parameter, and the first equation corresponds to the first degradation parameter.
Optionally, the apparatus further comprises: a sample obtaining unit, a sample detecting unit, a coefficient fitting unit and an equation obtaining unit,
the signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring a plurality of calibration samples which are made of the same material as the object to be detected before the signal acquisition unit performs nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected, wherein the value of a first degradation parameter of each calibration sample is known;
the sample detection unit is used for: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample, and determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample;
the coefficient fitting unit is used for performing data fitting according to the value of the first degradation parameter of each calibration sample and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient, and determining the value of an unknown coefficient in an equation to be fitted corresponding to the material of the calibration sample, wherein the equation to be fitted is an associated equation of the first degradation parameter and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient;
and the equation obtaining unit is used for modifying the unknown coefficient in the equation to be fitted into the determined value to obtain the first equation.
Optionally, the wavelet coefficient is WiWherein i is the number of the wavelet coefficient, i is a natural number, and the sample detection unit is specifically set as follows:
for each calibration sample: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample, and carrying out wavelet transformation according to a formula
β＝W2/W1 2
γ＝W3/W1 3
Calculating to obtain the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficients gamma and beta of the calibration sample, wherein W1Center frequency F of transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on calibration sample1Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located2Is a frequency F2Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located3Is a frequency F3Wavelet coefficient corresponding to the frequency band in which F is located2＝2F1，F3＝3F1。
Optionally, the equation to be fitted is:
C＝k1β+k2γ+b，
where C is a first degradation parameter, k1、k2And b is the unknown coefficient of the equation to be fitted.
Optionally, the center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for nonlinear ultrasonic detection is located in the interval [2.5, 10] MHz,
and/or the first degradation parameter is: endurance strength, creep strength, number of precipitates, grain size, or hardness.
By the technical scheme, the method and the device for detecting the article degradation parameter, provided by the embodiment of the invention, can carry out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on an article to be detected to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected; performing wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands; determining a nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be detected according to the wavelet coefficient; and taking the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable to be introduced into a first equation corresponding to the material of the article to be detected, so as to obtain the value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be detected. The invention uses nonlinear ultrasonic to detect the deterioration parameters of the object to be detected, so the object to be detected does not need to be damaged. Meanwhile, the invention carries out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals, has the advantages of multi-resolution and local analysis, and improves the accuracy and stability of detection.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting an item degradation parameter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another method for detecting an item degradation parameter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for detecting a parameter of degradation of an article according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another apparatus for detecting an item degradation parameter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting article degradation parameters, and a person skilled in the art can appropriately improve the process parameters by referring to the content. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and modifications in the methods and applications described herein, as well as other suitable variations and combinations, may be made to implement and use the techniques of this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for detecting an item degradation parameter according to an embodiment of the present invention may include:
s100, carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on an article to be detected to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected;
the object to be measured may be a metal material or an object made of other materials, which is not limited herein.
Specifically, the present invention may perform ultrasonic detection on an object to be detected by using a nonlinear ultrasonic device, where the nonlinear ultrasonic device includes: a transmitting end ultrasonic transducer and a receiving end ultrasonic transducer. The transmitting end ultrasonic transducer transmits a nonlinear ultrasonic signal to an object to be detected, the nonlinear ultrasonic signal is conducted on the object to be detected, and then the nonlinear ultrasonic signal is received by the receiving end ultrasonic transducer.
Alternatively, the center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer may be located in the interval [2.5, 10] MHz.
Alternatively, the center frequency of the receiving-end ultrasonic transducer may be twice the center frequency of the transmitting-end ultrasonic transducer.
S200, performing wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands;
among them, Wavelet Transform (WT) is a Transform analysis method, which inherits and develops the idea of short-time fourier Transform localization, and overcomes the disadvantage that the window size does not change with frequency, etc., and can provide a "time-frequency" window changing with frequency, which is an ideal tool for signal time-frequency analysis and processing. The method is mainly characterized in that the characteristics of certain aspects of the problem can be fully highlighted through transformation, the time (space) frequency can be locally analyzed, the signal (function) is gradually subjected to multi-scale refinement through telescopic translation operation, finally, the time subdivision at the high frequency and the frequency subdivision at the low frequency are achieved, the requirements of time-frequency signal analysis can be automatically adapted, therefore, any details of the signal can be focused, and the problem of difficulty of Fourier transformation is solved.
The traditional Fourier transform method cannot observe the local frequency domain characteristics of signals, so that certain defects exist in the aspect of processing unstable signals with limited length, pseudo signals are easy to appear, and the measurement accuracy is influenced. The invention adopts a wavelet analysis method to perform time-frequency conversion of signals, has the advantages of multi-resolution and local analysis, overcomes the defect of Fourier transform, focuses the signals in a certain time interval to obtain multi-resolution frequency domain signals, effectively extracts second harmonic and third harmonic signals in nonlinear ultrasonic signals, and establishes an association equation between the characteristic signals and performance degradation parameters of a sample to improve the accuracy and stability of measurement.
Specifically, the wavelet transform method adopted by the invention can be specifically a mallat algorithm or a wavelet packet decomposition algorithm. Wherein the invention can be represented by the formula
Calculating wavelet coefficients, wherein W (a, b) is the wavelet coefficient, t is an integral variable, f (t) is an original function formed by spectral line intensity data in a characteristic spectrogram, psia,b(t) is the wavelet function,. psi..
In practical application, the invention can obtain the wavelet coefficient corresponding to the center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer, and can also obtain the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the double frequency and the triple frequency of the center frequency respectively.
S300, determining a nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be detected according to the wavelet coefficient;
in particular, the invention can be based on formulas
β＝W2/W1 2
γ＝W3/W1 3
Calculating to obtain nonlinear ultrasonic coefficients gamma and beta of the object to be detected, wherein W1The center frequency F of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out the nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected1Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located2Is a frequency F2Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located3Is a frequency F3Wavelet coefficient corresponding to the frequency band in which F is located2＝2F1，F3＝3F1。
S400, taking the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable to be brought into a first equation corresponding to the material of the article to be detected, and obtaining a value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be detected, wherein a dependent variable of the first equation is the value of the first degradation parameter, and the first equation corresponds to the first degradation parameter.
The first degradation parameter may be: endurance strength, creep strength, number of precipitates, grain size, or hardness.
Wherein, the first process may be: k is1β+k2γ+b，
Where C is a first degradation parameter, k1、k2And b is the coefficient of the first equation.
The method for detecting the article degradation parameters provided by the embodiment of the invention can carry out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on an article to be detected to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected; performing wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands; determining a nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be detected according to the wavelet coefficient; and taking the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable to be introduced into a first equation corresponding to the material of the article to be detected, so as to obtain the value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be detected. The invention uses nonlinear ultrasonic to detect the deterioration parameters of the object to be detected, so the object to be detected does not need to be damaged. Meanwhile, the invention carries out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals, has the advantages of multi-resolution and local analysis, and improves the accuracy and stability of detection.
In practical applications, the present invention can determine the coefficients of the first equation by examining a calibration sample. Specifically, when the coefficients of the first equation are unknown, the first equation is the equation to be fitted. As shown in fig. 2, another method for detecting an article degradation parameter according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include, before step S100:
s001, obtaining a plurality of calibration samples which are made of the same material as the to-be-detected article, wherein the value of a first degradation parameter of each calibration sample is known;
in practical application, the method can be used for determining the unknown coefficients in the equation to be fitted corresponding to the degradation parameters for each material.
S002, for each calibration sample: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample, and determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample;
the frequency of the nonlinear ultrasound used in the nonlinear ultrasound detection in step S002 may be the same as the frequency of the nonlinear ultrasound used in the nonlinear ultrasound detection in step S100.
Further, each frequency band corresponding to the wavelet coefficient obtained by the wavelet transform in step S002 may be the same as each frequency band corresponding to the wavelet coefficient obtained by the wavelet transform in step S200.
For example: in step S002, the obtained wavelet coefficients after wavelet transform are respectively: (0, 3] MHz, (3, 6] MHz, and (6, 9] MHz, then the frequency bands corresponding to the wavelet coefficients obtained after the wavelet transform in step S200 are also (0, 3] MHz, (3, 6] MHz, and (6, 9] MHz, respectively).
Wherein the wavelet coefficient may be WiWherein i is the number of the wavelet coefficient, i is a natural number, and the specific process of determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the multiple frequency bands of the calibration sample may include:
according to the formula
β＝W2/W1 2
γ＝W3/W1 3
Calculating to obtain the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficients gamma and beta of the calibration sample, wherein W1Center frequency F of transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on calibration sample1Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located2Is a frequency F2Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located3Is a frequency F3Wavelet coefficient corresponding to the frequency band in which F is located2＝2F1，F3＝3F1。
The center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used in the nonlinear ultrasonic detection of the embodiment of the invention can be within the interval of [2.5, 10] MHz.
S003, performing data fitting according to the value of the first degradation parameter of each calibration sample and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient, and determining the value of an unknown coefficient in an equation to be fitted corresponding to the material of the calibration sample, wherein the equation to be fitted is an associated equation of the first degradation parameter and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient;
wherein, the equation to be fitted may be:
C＝k1β+k2γ+b，
where C is a first degradation parameter, k1、k2And b is the unknown coefficient of the equation to be fitted.
Specifically, the data fitting may be performed in a variety of ways, such as a least squares fit,
and S004, modifying the unknown coefficient in the equation to be fitted into the determined value to obtain the first equation.
For ease of understanding, the following is exemplified:
supposing n calibration samples with the same material as the object to be detected, the serial numbers of the calibration samples are respectively 1 to n, and the value of the first degradation parameter of each calibration sample is C1To Cn。
For each calibration sample: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients W corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sampleiWherein i is the number of the wavelet coefficient, which is the same as the number of the calibration sample. Specifically, W for each calibration sampleiThere may be a plurality of the frequency bands, each corresponding to a different frequency band. Wavelet coefficients W corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sampleiDetermining the nonlinear ultrasound coefficient beta of the calibration sampleiAnd gammai。
So far, the values of the first degradation parameters of n calibration samples which are made of the same materials as the to-be-detected article can be obtained: c1To CnThe nonlinear ultrasonic coefficients of the n calibration samples can also be obtained: beta is a1To betanAnd γ1To gamman。
Thus, passing through C1To Cn、β1To betan、γ1To gammanThen data fitting can be performed to obtain a formula
C＝k1β+k2γ+b
Unknown coefficient k in1、k2And b, obtaining the correlation equation of the first degradation parameter and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient. After obtaining the correlation equation, the value of the first degradation parameter of the object to be measured can be obtained by the method shown in fig. 1.
Corresponding to the method, the embodiment of the invention also provides a device for detecting the article degradation parameter.
As shown in fig. 3, an apparatus for detecting an article degradation parameter according to an embodiment of the present invention may include: a signal obtaining unit 100, a wavelet coefficient obtaining unit 200, an ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit 300, and a degradation parameter obtaining unit 400,
the signal obtaining unit 100 is configured to perform nonlinear ultrasonic detection on an article to be detected, so as to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected;
the object to be measured may be a metal material or an object made of other materials, which is not limited herein.
Specifically, the present invention may perform ultrasonic detection on an object to be detected by using a nonlinear ultrasonic device, where the nonlinear ultrasonic device includes: a transmitting end ultrasonic transducer and a receiving end ultrasonic transducer. The transmitting end ultrasonic transducer transmits a nonlinear ultrasonic signal to an object to be detected, the nonlinear ultrasonic signal is conducted on the object to be detected, and then the nonlinear ultrasonic signal is received by the receiving end ultrasonic transducer.
Alternatively, the center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer may be located in the interval [2.5, 10] MHz.
Alternatively, the center frequency of the receiving-end ultrasonic transducer may be twice the center frequency of the transmitting-end ultrasonic transducer.
The wavelet coefficient obtaining unit 200 is configured to perform wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to multiple frequency bands;
among them, Wavelet Transform (WT) is a Transform analysis method, which inherits and develops the idea of short-time fourier Transform localization, and overcomes the disadvantage that the window size does not change with frequency, etc., and can provide a "time-frequency" window changing with frequency, which is an ideal tool for signal time-frequency analysis and processing. The method is mainly characterized in that the characteristics of certain aspects of the problem can be fully highlighted through transformation, the time (space) frequency can be locally analyzed, the signal (function) is gradually subjected to multi-scale refinement through telescopic translation operation, finally, the time subdivision at the high frequency and the frequency subdivision at the low frequency are achieved, the requirements of time-frequency signal analysis can be automatically adapted, therefore, any details of the signal can be focused, and the problem of difficulty of Fourier transformation is solved.
The traditional Fourier transform method cannot observe the local frequency domain characteristics of signals, so that certain defects exist in the aspect of processing unstable signals with limited length, pseudo signals are easy to appear, and the measurement accuracy is influenced. The invention adopts a wavelet analysis method to perform time-frequency conversion of signals, has the advantages of multi-resolution and local analysis, overcomes the defect of Fourier transform, focuses the signals in a certain time interval to obtain multi-resolution frequency domain signals, effectively extracts second harmonic and third harmonic signals in nonlinear ultrasonic signals, and establishes an association equation between the characteristic signals and performance degradation parameters of a sample to improve the accuracy and stability of measurement.
Specifically, the wavelet transform method adopted by the invention can be specifically a mallat algorithm or a wavelet packet decomposition algorithm. Wherein the invention can be represented by the formula
Calculating wavelet coefficients, wherein W (a, b) is the wavelet coefficient,tfor integral variables, f (t) is a primary function formed by the line intensity data in the characteristic spectrogram, ψa,b(t) is a wavelet function, ψ*Is the conjugate function of the wavelet function, a is the scaling parameter of the wavelet function, and b is the shifting parameter of the wavelet function.
In practical application, the invention can obtain the wavelet coefficient corresponding to the center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer, and can also obtain the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the double frequency and the triple frequency of the center frequency respectively.
The ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit 300 is configured to determine a nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the object to be measured according to the wavelet coefficient;
in particular, the ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit 300 may be configured to be according to a formula
β＝W2/W1 2
γ＝W3/W1 3
Calculating to obtain nonlinear ultrasonic coefficients gamma and beta of the object to be detected, wherein W1The center frequency F of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out the nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected1Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located2Is a frequency F2Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located3Is a frequency F3Wavelet coefficient corresponding to the frequency band in which F is located2＝2F1，F3＝3F1。
The degradation parameter obtaining unit 400 is configured to bring the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable into a first equation corresponding to a material of the article to be tested, so as to obtain a value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be tested, where the dependent variable of the first equation is the value of the first degradation parameter and the first equation corresponds to the first degradation parameter.
The first degradation parameter may be: endurance strength, creep strength, number of precipitates, grain size, or hardness.
Wherein, the first process may be: k is1β+k2γ+b，
Where C is a first degradation parameter, k1、k2And b is the coefficient of the first equation.
The device for detecting the article degradation parameters provided by the embodiment of the invention can perform nonlinear ultrasonic detection on an article to be detected to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected; performing wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands; determining a nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be detected according to the wavelet coefficient; and taking the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable to be introduced into a first equation corresponding to the material of the article to be detected, so as to obtain the value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be detected. The invention uses nonlinear ultrasonic to detect the deterioration parameters of the object to be detected, so the object to be detected does not need to be damaged. Meanwhile, the invention carries out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals, has the advantages of multi-resolution and local analysis, and improves the accuracy and stability of detection.
In practical applications, the present invention can determine the coefficients of the first equation by examining a calibration sample. Specifically, when the coefficients of the first equation are unknown, the first equation is the equation to be fitted. As shown in fig. 4, on the basis of the apparatus shown in fig. 3, another apparatus for detecting an article degradation parameter according to an embodiment of the present invention may further include: a sample obtaining unit 001, a sample detecting unit 002, a coefficient fitting unit 003 and an equation obtaining unit 004,
the sample obtaining unit 001 is configured to obtain a plurality of calibration samples, which are made of the same material as the object to be detected, before the signal obtaining unit performs nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected, where a value of a first degradation parameter of each calibration sample is known;
in practical application, the method can be used for determining the unknown coefficients in the equation to be fitted corresponding to the degradation parameters for each material.
The sample detection unit 002 is configured to, for each calibration sample: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample, and determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample;
the frequency of the nonlinear ultrasound used by the sample detection unit 002 for the nonlinear ultrasound detection may be the same as the frequency of the nonlinear ultrasound used by the signal acquisition unit 100 for the nonlinear ultrasound detection.
Further, each frequency band corresponding to the wavelet coefficient obtained by the sample detection unit 002 after performing wavelet transform may be the same as each frequency band corresponding to the wavelet coefficient obtained by the wavelet coefficient obtaining unit 200 after performing wavelet transform.
For example: the frequency bands corresponding to the wavelet coefficients obtained by the sample detection unit 002 after wavelet transform are respectively: (0, 3] MHz, (3, 6] MHz, and (6, 9] MHz, then the frequency bands corresponding to the wavelet coefficients obtained by the wavelet coefficient obtaining unit 200 after performing wavelet transform are also (0, 3] MHz, (3, 6] MHz, and (6, 9] MHz, respectively.
Wherein the wavelet coefficient is WiWherein i is smallThe number of the wave coefficient, i, is a natural number, and the sample detection unit 002 may be specifically set as:
for each calibration sample: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample, and carrying out wavelet transformation according to a formula
β＝W2/W1 2
γ＝W3/W1 3
Calculating to obtain the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficients gamma and beta of the calibration sample, wherein W1Center frequency F of transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on calibration sample1Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located2Is a frequency F2Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located3Is a frequency F3Wavelet coefficient corresponding to the frequency band in which F is located2＝2F1，F3＝3F1。
The center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used in the nonlinear ultrasonic detection of the embodiment of the invention can be within the interval of [2.5, 10] MHz.
The coefficient fitting unit 003 is configured to perform data fitting according to the value of the first degradation parameter of each calibration sample and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient, and determine a value of an unknown coefficient in an equation to be fitted corresponding to the material of the calibration sample, where the equation to be fitted is an associated equation of the first degradation parameter and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient;
the equation obtaining unit 004 is configured to modify the unknown coefficient in the equation to be fitted to the determined value to obtain the first equation.
Wherein, the equation to be fitted may be:
C＝k1β+k2γ+b，
where C is a first degradation parameter, k1、k2And b is the unknown coefficient of the equation to be fitted.
Specifically, the data fitting method may be various, such as least square fitting.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
All the embodiments in the present specification are described in a related manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of detecting a parameter of deterioration of an article, comprising:
carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on an article to be detected to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected;
performing wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands;
determining a nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be detected according to the wavelet coefficient;
taking the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable to be brought into a first equation corresponding to the material of the article to be detected, and obtaining a value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be detected, wherein a dependent variable of the first equation is the value of the first degradation parameter, the first equation corresponds to the first degradation parameter, and the first equation is as follows: k is1β+k2γ + b, C is a first degradation parameter, k1、k2And b is the coefficient of the first equation, β ═ W2/W1 2，γ＝W3/W1 3W1 is a wavelet coefficient corresponding to a frequency band where a center frequency F1 of an emitting-end ultrasonic transducer used when performing nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected is located, W2 is a wavelet coefficient corresponding to a frequency band where a frequency F2 is located, W3 is a wavelet coefficient corresponding to a frequency band where a frequency F3 is located, where F2 is 2F1, and F3 is 3F 1.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to said non-linear ultrasonic inspection of the item under test, the method further comprises:
obtaining a plurality of calibration samples with the same material as the to-be-detected article, wherein the value of a first degradation parameter of each calibration sample is known;
for each calibration sample: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample, and determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample;
performing data fitting according to the value of the first degradation parameter of each calibration sample and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient, and determining the value of an unknown coefficient in an equation to be fitted corresponding to the material of the calibration sample, wherein the equation to be fitted is an associated equation of the first degradation parameter and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient;
and modifying the unknown coefficient in the equation to be fitted into the determined value to obtain the first equation.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the wavelet coefficients are WiWherein i is the number of the wavelet coefficient, i is a natural number, and the determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the multiple frequency bands of the calibration sample comprises:
according to the formula
β＝W2/W1 2
γ＝W3/W1 3
Calculating to obtain the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficients gamma and beta of the calibration sample, wherein W1Center frequency F of transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on calibration sample1Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located2Is a frequency F2Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located3Is a frequency F3Wavelet coefficient corresponding to the frequency band in which F is located2＝2F1，F3＝3F1。
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection is positioned in the interval [2.5, 10] MHz;
and/or the first degradation parameter is: endurance strength, creep strength, number of precipitates, grain size, or hardness.
5. An apparatus for detecting a parameter of deterioration of an article, comprising: a signal obtaining unit, a wavelet coefficient obtaining unit, an ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit and a deterioration parameter obtaining unit,
the signal acquisition unit is used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the article to be detected to acquire an ultrasonic signal output by the article to be detected;
the wavelet coefficient obtaining unit is used for performing wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signals to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands;
the ultrasonic coefficient obtaining unit is used for determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the article to be detected according to the wavelet coefficient;
the degradation parameter obtaining unit is configured to bring the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient as an independent variable into a first equation corresponding to a material of the article to be tested, so as to obtain a value of a first degradation parameter of the article to be tested, where a dependent variable of the first equation is the value of the first degradation parameter, the first equation corresponds to the first degradation parameter, and the first equation is: k is1β+k2γ + b, C is a first degradation parameter, k1、k2And b is the coefficient of the first equation, β ═ W2/W1 2，γ＝W3/W1 3W1 is a wavelet coefficient corresponding to a frequency band where a center frequency F1 of an emitting-end ultrasonic transducer used when performing nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected is located, W2 is a wavelet coefficient corresponding to a frequency band where a frequency F2 is located, W3 is a wavelet coefficient corresponding to a frequency band where a frequency F3 is located, where F2 is 2F1, and F3 is 3F 1.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising: a sample obtaining unit, a sample detecting unit, a coefficient fitting unit and an equation obtaining unit,
the signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring a plurality of calibration samples which are made of the same material as the object to be detected before the signal acquisition unit performs nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the object to be detected, wherein the value of a first degradation parameter of each calibration sample is known;
the sample detection unit is used for: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample, and determining the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient of the calibration sample according to the wavelet coefficients corresponding to the plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample;
the coefficient fitting unit is used for performing data fitting according to the value of the first degradation parameter of each calibration sample and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient, and determining the value of an unknown coefficient in an equation to be fitted corresponding to the material of the calibration sample, wherein the equation to be fitted is an associated equation of the first degradation parameter and the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficient;
and the equation obtaining unit is used for modifying the unknown coefficient in the equation to be fitted into the determined value to obtain the first equation.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the wavelet coefficients are WiWherein i is the number of the wavelet coefficient, i is a natural number, and the sample detection unit is specifically set as follows:
for each calibration sample: carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on the calibration sample to obtain an ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample, carrying out wavelet transformation on the ultrasonic signal output by the calibration sample to obtain wavelet coefficients corresponding to a plurality of frequency bands of the calibration sample, and carrying out wavelet transformation according to a formula
β＝W2/W1 2
γ＝W3/W1 3
Calculating to obtain the nonlinear ultrasonic coefficients gamma and beta of the calibration sample, wherein W1Center frequency F of transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection on calibration sample1Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located2Is a frequency F2Wavelet coefficient, W, corresponding to the frequency band in which it is located3Is a frequency F3Wavelet coefficient corresponding to the frequency band in which F is located2＝2F1，F3＝3F1。
8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 7,
the center frequency of the transmitting end ultrasonic transducer used for carrying out nonlinear ultrasonic detection is positioned in the interval of [2.5, 10] MHz,
and/or the first degradation parameter is: endurance strength, creep strength, number of precipitates, grain size, or hardness.
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Address after: No. 2096, Beijing New Energy Technology Research Institute Patentee after: Guoneng boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspection Co.,Ltd. Address before: No. 2096, Beijing New Energy Technology Research Institute Patentee before: GUODIAN BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTION Co.,Ltd. |