CN108466678A - A kind of navigation icebreaking device and its application method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a navigation ice-breaking device and a method for using the same. The device comprises: a support plate, the support plate is welded and fixed on the front end of the ice-breaking hull, a hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the support plate through bolts, and the hydraulic cylinder The telescopic end is equipped with a first mounting plate through bolts, and the first mounting plate is welded and fixed with a ejector rod, and the ejector rod is movably socketed on the second mounting plate; the ice-breaking cutter head, the edge of the ice-breaking cutter head is fixed There is a cutter head, and the ice-breaking cutter head is pinned and fixed on the output shaft of the motor, and the motor is installed on the bottom of the second mounting plate through a motor bracket. The invention drives the ice-breaking cutter disc through a biaxial motor, cuts the ice surface when the ice-breaking hull advances, destroys the structure of the ice surface, and then impacts the cut ice surface through a reinforcing plate, which is beneficial to breaking the entire ice surface. The spring enables the second mounting plate to move up and down, which has a certain degree of cushioning, prevents the ice-breaking cutter head from being stuck, and is beneficial to improving ice-breaking efficiency.

Description

A marine ice breaking device and method of use thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of navigation devices, and in particular relates to a navigation ice-breaking device. At the same time, the invention also discloses a method for using the navigation ice-breaking device.

Background technique

70% of the earth's surface is blue ocean, and about 80% of the creatures on the earth are in the ocean. The ocean provides rich treasures and endless resources for the survival and development of human beings. Navigation is the basis and premise for human beings to understand, utilize and develop the ocean. Whether engaged in marine fishing and breeding, or engaged in passenger and cargo transportation at sea, carrying out national defense and military activities in the ocean, conducting scientific investigations on the ocean, developing resources such as seabed oil and mineral deposits, and performing sports and leisure activities at sea, from From ancient times to the present, all human activities in the ocean are inseparable from navigation, that is, people drive ships to sail, berth and operate at sea. In high-latitude seas or when the sponge freezes due to severe cooling, storm surges and other weather, it is necessary to use icebreakers to break the ice surface. Or a service ship that guides a ship navigating through ice. Divided into rivers, lakes, harbors or ocean icebreakers.

Existing icebreakers are designed with a short and wide hull, a small length-to-width ratio, an upturned bottom and a pointed bow. The overall strength is high, and the fore and aft and waterline areas are reinforced with thick steel plates and dense frames. The propulsion system mostly adopts two-shaft or more than two-shaft multi-propeller devices, and the diesel engine is used as the driving force for power propulsion. The propeller and rudder are guarded and reinforced. When breaking the ice, the first crushed ice layer breaks the ice continuously or repeatedly breaks through the ice while advancing. Existing icebreakers use the impact method to break ice, which needs to have sufficient power, and the design is difficult. Therefore, by destroying the force-bearing structure of the ice surface, and then using the icebreaker to carry out icebreaking operations, the difficulty of icebreaking can be reduced, and the efficiency of icebreaking can be improved.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a marine ice breaking device and its usage method, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an ice breaking device for navigation, comprising:

A support plate, the support plate is welded and fixed on the front end of the icebreaker hull, a hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the support plate through bolts, and a first mounting plate is installed on the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder through bolts, and the first mounting plate A push rod is welded and fixed, and the push rod is movably socketed on the second mounting plate;

The ice-breaking cutter head is fixed with a cutter head on the edge of the ice-breaking cutter head, and the ice-breaking cutter head is pinned and fixed on the output shaft of the motor, and the motor is installed on the bottom of the second mounting plate through a motor bracket.

Preferably, a guide rod is welded and fixed on the upper surface of the first mounting plate, and the guide rod movably penetrates through the support plate.

Preferably, four push rods are provided and distributed at four corners of the second mounting plate, springs are sleeved on the push rods, and the springs are located between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate.

Preferably, the motor and the hydraulic pump controlling the hydraulic cylinder are electrically connected to the control room on the icebreaker hull through wires, and the motor is a biaxial motor.

Preferably, 6 installation grooves are arranged at equal intervals on the outer circumference of the ice-breaking cutter head, and the cutter heads are fixed in the installation grooves by bolts.

Preferably, the front part of the icebreaker hull is welded and fixed with a reinforcement plate, the motor is aligned with the reinforcement plate, and the junction between the reinforcement plate and the ice surface forms a conical surface.

At the same time, the invention also discloses a method for using the ice breaking device for navigation, which specifically includes the following steps

S1: Adjust the cutting depth. According to the thickness of the sea ice floe, start the hydraulic pump through the control room to drive the first mounting plate to drive the motor to move downward. At the same time, turn on the motor to preheat the motor until the ice-breaking cutter head on the motor enters the floe ice. When the depth is specified, continue to preheat for 5-10 minutes;

S2: Adjust the rotation speed and speed, and adjust the speed of the ice-breaking hull to 2-3 knots. At the same time, adjust the speed of the motor to 800-1000r/min, and carry out ice-breaking operations as the ice-breaking hull continues to advance.

Preferably, the cutting depth of the floating ice in step S1 is 1/5-1/4 of the thickness of the floating ice.

Preferably, the following method can also be used for the icebreaking operation in step S2: when the icebreaker is blocked, move the icebreaker backward for a certain distance, deviate the icebreaker hull by 15° from the original direction, and sail forward again until the icebreaking is completed.

Technical effect and advantage of the present invention:

The invention drives the ice-breaking cutter head through a biaxial motor, and can cut the ice surface when the ice-breaking hull advances, so that the ice surface forms a groove, destroys the structure of the ice surface, and then impacts the cut ice surface through a reinforcing plate, effectively It is beneficial to crush the entire ice surface, reduces the power requirements of the icebreaker, and is less difficult to design and manufacture. The second mounting plate can move up and down through the spring, which has a certain cushioning property, prevents the icebreaker disc from being stuck, and is conducive to improving icebreaking efficiency. .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a side-view structural schematic diagram of a navigation ice-breaking device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the motor installation structure of a marine icebreaking device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an ice-breaking cutterhead of a marine ice-breaking device according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1 hydraulic cylinder, 2 guide rod, 3 support plate, 4 ice-breaking cutter head, 401 installation slot, 402 cutter head, 5 reinforcement plate, 6 ice-breaking hull, 7 ejector rod, 8 first installation plate, 9 motor, 10 Spring, 11 second mounting plates.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in Figure 1-3, a marine ice breaking device includes:

The support plate 3 is welded and fixed on the front end of the icebreaker hull 6, the hydraulic cylinder 1 is fixed on the support plate 3 by bolts, and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is equipped with a first mounting plate 8 by bolts, A push rod 7 is welded and fixed on the first mounting plate 8, and the push rod 7 is movably socketed on the second mounting plate 11;

The ice-breaking cutter head 4, the edge of the ice-breaking cutter head 4 is fixed with a cutter head 402, the ice-breaking cutter head 4 is pinned and fixed on the output shaft of the motor 9, and the motor 9 is mounted on the second mounting plate 11 through a motor bracket bottom.

The upper surface of the first mounting plate 8 is welded and fixed with a guide rod 2, and the guide rod 2 moves through the support plate 3. Through the guide rod 2, the first mounting plate 8 can be stabilized, so that the first mounting plate 8 It can only move up and down to prevent the rotation of the first mounting plate 8 and improve the stability of the motor 9 .

There are four push rods 7, and they are distributed at the four corners of the second mounting plate 11. The motor 9 is located at the center of the second mounting plate 11, which can avoid the push rods 7. The push rods 7 are sleeved with The spring 10, and the spring 10 is located between the first mounting plate 8 and the second mounting plate 11, through the spring 10, the second mounting plate 11 can move up and down, has a certain cushioning property, and prevents the ice-breaking blade disc 4 from being stuck.

The motor 9 and the hydraulic pump that controls the hydraulic cylinder 1 are electrically connected to the control room on the icebreaker hull 6 through wires. The motor 9 is a biaxial motor. Driven by the biaxial motor, the icebreaking cutter head 4 can be used to Two cutting grooves are formed on the ice surface to destroy the force structure of the ice surface, which is beneficial to breaking the entire ice surface and improving the ice-breaking efficiency.

The outer circumference of the ice-breaking cutter head 4 is provided with six installation grooves 401 at equal intervals, and the cutter heads 402 are fixed by bolts in the installation grooves 401, and the cutter head 402 is driven by the high-speed rotation of the ice-breaking cutter head 4, so that the ice surface can be cleaned. cutting, and when a certain cutter head 402 is severely worn, it can be replaced by bolts, which is convenient for use and maintenance.

The front part of the icebreaker hull 6 is welded and fixed with a reinforcing plate 5, the motor 9 is aligned with the reinforcing plate 5, and the junction of the reinforcing plate 5 and the ice surface is a conical surface, so that the reinforcing plate 5 is located between two cutting grooves , when the icebreaker hull 6 advances, the ice surface can be compressed by the reinforcing plate 5, so that the ice surface is cracked.

At the same time, the invention also discloses a method for using the ice breaking device for navigation, which specifically includes the following steps

S1: Adjust the cutting depth. According to the thickness of the sea ice floe, start the hydraulic pump through the control room to drive the first mounting plate to drive the motor to move downward. At the same time, turn on the motor to preheat the motor until the ice-breaking cutter head on the motor enters the floe ice. The depth is 1/5 of the thickness of the ice floe, and continue to preheat for 5-10 minutes;

S2: Adjust the rotation speed and speed, and adjust the speed of the icebreaker to 2 knots. At the same time, adjust the speed of the motor to 800r/min. With the continuous advancement of the icebreaker, carry out icebreaking operations. When the icebreaker is blocked, turn the icebreaker to After moving for a certain distance, the icebreaking hull will deviate from the original direction by 15° to the left or right, and then sail forward again until the icebreaking is completed.

The present invention drives the ice-breaking cutter disc 4 through a biaxial motor, and can cut the ice surface when the ice-breaking hull 6 advances, so that the ice surface forms a groove, destroying the structure of the ice surface, and then through the reinforcing plate 5 to cut the ice surface. The impact is conducive to breaking the whole ice surface, and the second mounting plate 11 can move up and down through the spring 10, which has a certain cushioning property, prevents the ice-breaking cutter head 4 from being stuck, and is conducive to improving the ice-breaking efficiency.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced equivalently, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of navigation icebreaking device, which is characterized in that including：

Support plate (3), the support plate (3) are weldingly fixed on the front end of ice-breaking hull (6), pass through spiral shell on the support plate (3) Bolt is fixed with hydraulic cylinder (1), and the telescopic end of the hydraulic cylinder (1) is equipped with the first mounting plate (8), first peace by bolt Mandril (7) is welded in loading board (8), pivot bush unit is in the second mounting plate (11) on the mandril (7)；

The edge of ice-breaking cutterhead (4), the ice-breaking cutterhead (4) is fixed with cutter head (402), and ice-breaking cutterhead (4) pin joint is fixed On the output shaft of motor (9), the motor (9) is mounted on the second mounting plate (11) bottom by electric machine support.

2. a kind of navigation icebreaking device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：First mounting plate (8) it is upper Surface soldered is fixed with guide rod (2), and the guide rod (2) is movable through support plate (3).

3. a kind of navigation icebreaking device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：There are four mandril (7) settings, And the four corners of the second mounting plate (11) are distributed in, spring (10) is socketed on the mandril (7), and spring (10) is located at first Between mounting plate (8) and the second mounting plate (11).

4. a kind of navigation icebreaking device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The motor (9) and control hydraulic pressure The hydraulic pump of cylinder (1) is electrically connected at the control room on ice-breaking hull (6) by conducting wire, and the motor (9) is dual-axle motor.

5. a kind of navigation icebreaking device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The periphery of the ice-breaking cutterhead (4) On be equidistantly provided with 6 mounting grooves (401), has been bolted cutter head (402) in the mounting groove (401).

6. a kind of navigation icebreaking device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The front of the ice-breaking hull (6) It is welded with reinforcing plate (5), the motor (9) is aligned with reinforcing plate (5), and reinforcing plate (5) and ice face joint are in the conical surface.

7. a kind of application method of navigation icebreaking device, which is characterized in that specifically include following operating procedure

S1：Depth of cut is adjusted, according to the thickness of sea floating ice, hydraulic pump is started by control room, the first mounting plate is driven to drive Motor moves down, and opens simultaneously motor, is preheated to motor, until the ice-breaking cutterhead on motor enters floating ice designated depth When, continue to preheating 5-10 minutes；

S2：Rotating speed, the speed of a ship or plane are adjusted, the speed of a ship or plane of ice-breaking hull is adjusted to 2-3 and is saved, meanwhile, by the adjustment of rotational speed of motor to 800- 1000r/min carries out icebreaking service with being continuously advanced for ice-breaking hull.

8. a kind of application method of navigation icebreaking device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：To floating in step S1 The depth of cut of ice is the 1/5-1/4 of floating ice thickness.

9. a kind of application method of navigation icebreaking device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Ice-breaking in step S2 Operation can also be with the following method：When ice breaker advance is obstructed, ice breaker is moved into a distance backward, by ice breaker It after body deviates former 15 ° of direction, navigates by water forward again, until completing ice-breaking.